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TRANSCRIPT
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CONTENTS
I S.NO I DESCRIPTION I PAGGFI 0
ES-2
ES-3
ES-7 Environmental and Social Management Plan ES-xi
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
ES-4
ES-5
( 1. ( INTRODUCTION ( 1-1 to 1-3 1
ES-i TO ES-xvii
1 ES-I 1 Background
Project Description
Description of the Pilot sites & Environmental issues
ES- i
ES- i
ES- iii
Application of Safeguards Polices
Findings of the Social & Environmental Assessment
ES-v
ES-vi
2.
1
1 1 1 2.3.3 1 Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980 I 2-2 1
2.3.2
Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act 2.3'4 1 1981 1 2-2 1
- 1.2
1.3
Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act 1974
I
2.3.10 1 Biomedical Waste (Management and Handling) I 2-4
Objective of the ESA Study
Scope of Work
2-2
2.3.5
2.3.6
2.3.7
2.3.8
2.3.9
1-1
1-2
2-1 to 2-10
2-1
2-1
2-2
2-2
POLICY AND REGULATORY FRAMEWORK
Environmental (Protection) Act 1986
Hazardous Waste (Management and Handling) Rules 1989 and Amendments
The Environmental Impact Assessment Notification, 1994 and 2006.
Municipal Solid Waste (Management and Handling) Rules 2000
Noise Pollution (Regulation and Control) Rules 2000
1998 and Amendments
2.3.1 1 East Kolkata Wetlands (Conservation and Management) Act 2006
Land Acquisition Child Act, Labour Policy and R and R
2.1
2.2
2.3
2-3
2-3
2-3
2-4
2-4
2.4.1
2.4.2
Introduction
National Policies and Regulations
Environmental Laws and Policies
2.3.1 ) The Indian Wildlife (Protection) Act 1972
Land Acquisition Act, 1894 amended 1984
National R and R Policy 2007
2-5
2-5
I I 1 2.4.4 1 National Archaeological sites prevention Acts I 2-6 I
I 2.4.3 Child Labour Under the Child Labour (Prohibition and Regulation) Act of 1986
1 I 1 2.6.1 1 Categorisation of projects by World Bank 1 2-7 1
2.5
2.6
1 3.2 1 Approach
Legislative Linkage ---- World Bank Guidelines For Environmental And Social Assessment
2.7
2-7
2-7
1 1 4.2 1 Project Category 1 4- 1 1
2.6.2 world Bank Safeguard Policies
Basel Convention 1980
4.
1 ( 4.3 1 Objective of ESMF 1 4-2 1
2-9
2-10
3-1 to 3-4
3- 1
3.
3.3
I I I
I 1 4.9 Environmental and Social Management Plans for Scaling Up 1 4-8
METHODOLOGY AND CONSULTATION
3.1 ( Introduction
4.4
4.5
4.6
4.7
4.8
1 1 4.10 Consultation and Disclosure 1 4-8 I
Methodology
1 1 4.11 Components Likely to be affected 1 4-8 1
3 -2
ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT FRAME WORK
4.1 ( Introduction
Roles, Responsibility and Management Framework
lmplementation Arrangements
Time Frame for Implementation
Process Flow Chart for SMP Implementation
Project-level Environmental and Social Reviews
1 1 4.12 1 Environmental and Social Management Budget 1 4-9 1
4-1 to 4-21
4- 1
4-2
4-3
4-4
4-7
4-8
-
4.13 Grievance Redress Cell
4.14 Constitution of Grievance Redress Committee (GRC)
5. DESCRIPTION O F THE PROPOSED SITES 5-1 to 5-15
5.1 Andhra Pradesh
5.1.1 Noor Mohammad Kunta P
- 5.1.1.2 Hydrology of the Lake
5.1.1.3 Land use ----
5.1.2 Kadapa Municipal Solid Waste Landfill Site
5.2 West Bengal
5.2.1
5.2.2
Dhapa Municipal Solid Waste Landfill Site 5 -4
Hooghly Hazardous Waste Site
Shivang Trexim Pvt. Ltd., and Balaji I Veneer Approach Road
5-6
5-6
Site.2
Site.3
I I I I I
( Site.5 ( Zenith Timber Access Road 5- 12 1
Site 2 Access road of Sarkar Weigh Bridge (HW-2).
Ashalata Brick Field
5-7
5-9
Site.4
6.
I I 1 6.1.2 1 Physical Environment I 6-1 1
6.1
Minu Computer Weigh Bridge Access Road
Site.6
Site.7
5-10
Baseline Environmental and Social Setting of Kadapa
6.1.1 1 Ukkayapalli Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) Site
6.1.3
Chakundi - Common disposal site for treated chrome mud in Coal Complex Township
Pasupathi Seong Access Road
6-1
6-1
6.1.4
I I 1 1 6.1.4.3 I Employment Status 1 6-4 1
5-13
5-14
BASELINE AND ESMP FOR ANDHRA PRADESH
6.1.2.1
6.1.2.2
6.1.2.3
I 1 1 1 6.1.4.4 1 Monthly Income I 6-4 1
6-1 to 6-54
Social Profile of the Project Influence Area (PIA) in Kadapa
6-3
6-3
6.1.4.1
6.1.4.2
Topography and Drainage
Climate
Pollution Issues of Affected Area
6-3
Social Category
Education Status
I I I I I
( 6.1.5.3 ( Reading Ability 6-6 1
6-1
6- 1
6-2
Social Issues of the Affected Area
1
6-2
1 1 1 1 6.1.5.8 / Sickness Record and Common Disease 1 6-7 I
6.1.5
6.1 S .4
6.1.5.5
6.1.5.6
6.1.5.7
6.1.4.5
6.1.4.6
6.1.4.7
Writing Ability
Living Place
Migration Status
Income
-
6-6
6-6
6-6
6-6
Monthly Expenditure ---- Sources of Drinking Water
Use of Structure
6.1.6
6.1.7
6-4
6-5
6-5
6-5
6-5
6-6 I
Rag Pickers
6.1.5.9
6.1.5.1
6.1 .5.2
Age of Rag Pickers
Sex Ratio among the Rag Pickers
Access to Professional Doctors 6-7
6-7
6-9
6-9
6-10
Preliminary Public Consultation
Findings
6.1.7.1
6.1.7.2
Socio-Economic Survey
Rag Pickers Survey
1 1 1 6.1.10 1 Environmental and Social Management Plan I 6-12
1 1 1 6.1.11 1 Environmental and Social Management Budget 1 6-21
6- 10
6-10
6- 12
6.1.8
6.1.9
1 6.2 1 Baseline Environmental and Social Setting of Noor Mohammad Kunta
1 - 1 - 1 6.2.1 1 Introduction 1 6-26
6.1.7.3 Stakeholders Consultation
1 6.2.3.5 1 Soil and Sediment Quality of Lake 1
Heritage/Cultural /Religious ----- LegalIPolitical History of Sites
1 6.2.3.6 / Sludge Quality of the Lake
6-26
6-26
6-26
6-27
6-27
6-28
6-28
6-28
6-29
-
6.2.2 physical Environment
6.2.2.1 Topography and Drainage
1 1 1 ( 6.2.3.7 Solid Waste Status of Industrial Area 1 6-29
I
1 6.2.4 1 Social Issues of Affected Area
6.2.3
6'2'5
1 1 1 1 6.2.5.6 1 Monthly Expenditure 1 6-32
6.2.2.2
6.2.2.3
6.2.5.1
6.2.5.2
6.2.5.3
6.2.5.4
6.2.5.5
Climate
Hot-Spot of Study Area
Social Profile of the Project Influence Area(P1A) in Noor Mohammad Kunta. Hyderabad.
1 1 1 ( 6.2.5.8 ( lJse of Structure 1 6-33
6-30
Population
Social Category
Education Status - --
Employment Status
Monthly Income
I 1 I I I
1 1 ( 6.2.6 ( Public Consultation 1 6-33
Pollution Issues of Affected Area
6-30
6-30 -
6-3 1
6-3 1
6-32
/ 6.2.5.7 ( Source of Drinking Water
1 p 1 ( 6.2.7 ( Findings 1 6-36
6.2.3.1
6.2.3.2
6.2.3.3
6.2.3.4
6-32
Air Quality
Noise Quality
Water Quality
Heavy Metal
P
6.2.8
6.2.9
-
6.2.7.1
6.2.7.2
6.2.10
Socio-Economic Survey
Public and Stakeholders
Consultation
6-36
6-36
LegalMgo Activities against Site
Public Complaints
Cultural/Religious Properties
6-39
6-36
6-36
6.2.1 1
6.2.12
( 6.2.14 ( Environmental and Social Management Budget 6-50 1 bm2. l3
NGO Activities
Environmental and Social Management Plan
6-39
6-39
Impacts and Mitigation measures for Religious and cultural site at NMK
7.
1 1 1 7.1.2 Physical Environment 1 7-1 I
6-47
I I I
1 I I 1 7.1.2.1 / Topography and Drainage 1 7-1 1
BASELINE AND ESMP FOR WEST BENGAL 7.1 ( Baseline Environmental and Social Setting of Hooghly
( 7.1.1 1 Introduction
7-1 to 7-66
7-1
7-1
7.1.2.2 Climate 7-1
7.1.3
I I I 1 7.1.3.3 / Water Quality
7.1.4
7-6
1 1 / 7.1.5 1 Preliminary Public Consultation I 7-1 1 1
7-2
7-2
7-6
Pollution issue of affected Area
7.1.3.4
7-7
7-9
7-9
7.1.4.1
7.1.4.2
7.1.4.3
I I I
171.5.1 1 Findings of Preliminary Public Consultation
7.1.3.1
7.1.3.2
Base Line Information of the Population around the Site
Social Category
Education Status
( 7.1.4.8 ( Use of Structures
Air Quality
Noise Quality
Soil and Geology of the Study Area
7.1.4.6
7.1.4.7
7-1 1
7-6
Social Profile of the Project Influence Area (PIA) in ~ o o g h l y
7.1.6
7.1.7
7-7
Monthly Expenditure
Source of Drinking Water
I I I I
7-10
7-10
Cultural and religious properties
Details of Complaint/Legal Notices for Hooghly Site
1 7.1.8 1 NGO Activities
-
7-13
7-17
7-18
7-18
7-28
7-38 7.2
7-38
7-39
7-39
-
7'2'10
7.2.1
7.2.2
Impacts and mitigation measures for religious and cultural site at Hooghly HW Sites
Baseline Environmental and Social Setting of Dhapa
Introduction
Physical Environment
7.2.2.1 Physiography and Drainage
7-39
7-40
7.2.2.2
7.2.2.3 I
I I I 1 7.2.3.1 1 Air Environment 1
7-40
Geology and Soil
Climate
1 7.2.2.4 1 Ramsar Site I I
1 1 I 1 7.2.3.2 1 Noise Environment I 7-41 I
7-40
1 7.2.3 1 Pollution Issues of Affected Area 7-40
1 1 ( 7.2.5 ( Rag Pickers 1 7-44 1
7.2.4
1 1 1 1 7.2.5.9 1 Common Diseases 1 7-47 1 I
I 1 1 1 7.2.5.10 ) Access to Professional Doctor I 7-47 I
7-41
7-41
7-42
I I
7.2.3.3
7-44
Water Quality
7.2.4.2
7.2.5.2
7.2.5.3
7.2.5.4
7.2.5.5
7.2.5.6
7.2.5.7
7.2.5.8
I I I I I I
Education Status
1 7.2.6 ) Preliminary Public Consultation I I 1 I
Social Issues of Affected Area
Sex Ratio among Rag Pickers
Reading Ability
Writing Ability
Living Place
Migration Status
Income
Sickness Record
7-47
1 7.2.7 1 Findings
7.2.8
7.2.9
7.2.4.1
7.2.4.3 Employment Status
7.2.4.4 Monthly Income
- 7-45
7-45
7-45
7-45
7-46
7-46
7-46
7-50
I I L - I
Social Category -
7.2.4.5
7.2.4.6
7.2.4.7
CulturaVReligious Properties ppp
Legal/Political History of site
1 7.2.10 1 NGO Activity ---
Monthly Expenditure
Source of Drinking Water
, Use of Structures
7-52
7-52
7-52 P
7.2.1 1
7.2.12
Environmental and Social Management Plan
Environmental and Social Management Budget
7-53
7-62
1 Photo 5.2 ( Proposed 4.00 MLD sewage treatment plant at NMK I 5 - 1
Photo No.
Photo 5.1
Photo 5.6 1 View of Rag Pickers and Animals at Dhapa Site 1 5-4 1
List of Photos
View of Noor Mohammad Kunta Lake
Photo 5.3
Photo 5.4
Photo 5.5
Page No.
5-1
( site I I
View of Ukkayapalli dumping yard
View of Ukkayapalli dumping yard
View of segregation shed and composting yard
Photo 5.7
Photo 5.8
1 Photo 5.9 1 Manual Unloading of waste by contract vehicle at Dhapa Land fill site 1 5-6 1
5-3
5-3
5-4
Site View and Surrounding Areas of Dhapa Site
Mechanical Unloading of waste by KMC vehicle at Dhapa Land fill
1 Photo 5.11 1 Water body and Banana Plantation on the Northern side of the site 1 5-7 1
5-4
5-6
Photo 5.10
Photo 5.11
1 Photo 5.13 1 View of hazardous material dumped at the site
1 Photo 5.14 1 View of hazardous material dumped at the site
Approach road made up of hazardous material
Chromium stains at the site
I Photo 5.1 5 I View of hazardous material dumped at the site
5-7
5-7
1 Photo 5.16 1 View of hazardous material d u m ~ e d at the site 1 5-9 I 1 Photo 5 17 1 View of Asalatha brickfield
1 5- 10
I I Photo 5.18 1 Paddy field on the Northern side of the Asalatha brick field 1 5-10 1 I Figure 5.19 ( Chromium stains in soils at the Asalatha brick field 1 5-10 (
1 Photo 5.22 1 Minu computer weigh bridge harardous waste site
Photo 5.20
Photo 5.2 1
I Photo 5.23 ) Fallow Land on The Western Side of The Minu Weigh Bridge
Chromium stains in soils at the Asalatha brick field
Minu computer weigh bridge hazardous waste site
I Photo 5.25 1 Zenith Timber access road filled with industrial Waste 1 1 5-13 ,
5- 10
5-1 1
Photo 5.24
(vii)
Hazardous Waste Site
Zenith Timber access road filled with industrial Waste
5-14
5-13
on the eastern side of Dumpsite
5-14
\ Photo 5.28 Water body with macrophyte and water Hyacinth on Northern side of 5-14
dumpsite
I Photo 5.31
Photo 5.29
Photo 5.30 - - -
Paddy field on the left side of the site
Pasupathi Seong HW site access road 5-15
View of Dhaba and barber shop at site 5- 15
( Photo 5.32 View of Temple located inside the Pasupathi Seong industry I 5-15
Photo 6.1.1
Photo 6.1.2
Photo 6.1.3
Photo 6.1.4
Public Consultation at UKKayapalli - -
Public Consultation at UKKayapalli 6-9
Consultation with Dr. B.Rama Krishna Reddy 6-9
Consultation with Municipal Commissioner 6-9
Lake view and its surrounding
Photo 6.1.5
Photo 6.2.1
Mosque near UKKyapalli MSW site 6-10
Lake view and its surrounding 6-26
I Photo 6.2.5
1 Photo 6.2.3
Photo 6.2.4
/ Photo 6.2.6
Truck parking
Public Consultations in Katedan Industrial Estate
Public Consultation in PG Hostel, N.G Ranga University Rajendra 1 6-35
Nagar
Consultation with Member secretary Andhra Pradesh Pollution 6-35 Control Board
1 Photo 6.2.7 Consultation with Professor T. Ramesh in N.G Ranga University 1 6-35
I Photo 6.2.8 1 Dargah facing entrance
1 Photo 6.2.9 Dargah and Women worship Room
1 Photo 6.2. lo Consultation with Mosque and Daragh Management
Photo 6.2.1 1
Photo 6.2.12
- -
Graveyard view from Highway - - - - -
The Mata Vaishno Devi Temple
I SI.No. I List of Figures 1 Page NO. 1
Photo-7.1.1
Photo 7.1.2
Photo 7.1.3
Photo 7.1.4
Photo 7.1.5
Photo 7.1.6
Photo 7.1.7
Photo 7.1.8
Photo 7.2.1
Figure-1 . l Objective and Scope of Work 1-3
Figure-2.1 Diagrammatic Presentation of Legislative Links -- Figure-3.1 Aooroach 3-1
I Fieure 4.1 1 Pro~osed Organisation Chart 1 4-3 1
Preliminary Public Consultation at Hazardous Waste Sites
Preliminary Public Consultation at Hazardous waste Sites
Temple at Bangihatti village (Sarkar weigh bridge HW site)
Mosque at Bangihatti village (Sarkar weigh bridge HW site)
Temple at Ward No.22 in Baidyapati village (Minu Weigh bridge, Shivang Trexim
Temple at Bodo Gorji village (near Ashalatha HW site)
Temple at Badhwa village (Chakundi HW site)
Temple at Baidyapati village (Zenith Timber HW site)
Mechanical Unloading of waste by KMC vehicle at Dhapa Land fill
site
1 Figure 4.2 1 ESMP Process flow chart for CBlPMP 1 4-7 1
7-1 1
7-1 1
7- 13
7-13
7-13
7- 13
7-14
7-14
7-39
Photo 7.2.4
Photo 7.2.5
Photo 7.2.6
Photo 7.2.7
Photo 7.2.8
Photo 7.2.9
1 Figure 7.1.1 1 Typical Lithology of Cavity well of Hooghly district 1 7-7 1
List of Map 1 Page No. 1
Leachate from Solid waste site
Leachate from Solid waste site
Consultation at SAFE, NGO
Consultation at Ucchepota village
Consultation with Mr.Adhikari Sr.Environmental Engineer, WBPCB
Consultation with Mrs.Kundu Environmental Engineer, WBPCB
7-4 1
7-4 1 7-50 1 7-50
7-50
7-50
Map 5.1 I I I
) Map 5.4
Showing the Location of Lake
Map 5.2 I I
5-2
Map 5.3
1 Map 5.6
Location map of Dhapa Land fill site
Location Map of Shivang Trexim and Sri Balaji Veneer Ltd Access Road Hazardous site
Location map of Sarkar Weigh Bridge approach road Hazardous Waste Site
5-5
Close-up view of area of land fill site taken up for remediation
5-6
5-8
5-5
Location map of Asalatha Brick field Hazardous waste land fill site
Location map of the Minu Computer Weigh Bridge access road hazardous waste site
Location map of the Zenith Timber Access Road Hazardous
5-9
5-1 1
5-12
1 Map 5.9 1 Location map of the Chakundi Hazardous Waste site 1 5-13 1 Map 6.1.1
Map 6.1.2
of cultural and religious properties at Shivang 7-14 Trexim HW site
~ a p 6.2.1
1 Map 6.2.2
M ~ P 7.1.2 Layout and location of cultural and religious properties at Ashalatha I 1 brickfield HW site
District map of Kadapa
Site Layout Plan of UKKyapalli Municipal Solid Waste Site
and location of cultural and religious properties at Sarkar weigh 7-15 bridge HW site
6- 1
6-1 1
Hotspot of NMK site
Locations of cultural and religious structures at NMK site
6-27
6-40
Map 7.1.4
Map 7.1.5
Map 7.1.6
Layout and location of cultural and religious properties at Minu Veish Bridge/ Zenith Timber HW site
Layout and location of cultural and religious properties at Chakundi HW site
Map 7.2.1
Map 7.2.2
7-16
7-16
Layout and location of cultural and religious properties at Pasupathi Seong HW site
S. No.
- - - -- - - - I Table D 1 Cost Estimate of Proposed Safeguards AcTon Plans for CBIPMP
7-17
Location map of Dhapa Landfill site
Cultural Site at Dhapa land f i l l site
Table A
Table B
Table C
/ 2 1 1 Applicable Environmental Laws and Regulations and Policies I 2-1 I
7-38
7-53
List of Tables Page Nos.
Impact Matrix during Site Remediation
Environmental and Social Management Planning Framework
Main Steps of the Environmental and Social Plan for CBlPMP
1 4 1 1 Provisional Timeframe for ESMP Implementation
ES-ix
ES-xii
ES-xvi
I
1 4.2 1 Impact Matrix during Site Remediation
I
4-1 1
22 Applicable Land Acquisition and R and R Policies 2-2
I I
4- 15 Tab'e 4.4 1 Environmental and Social Management Planning Guidelines for ESMF I I I
4.3 ( Impacts during Post Remediation phase 4-13
1 Table 6.1.1 Social stratification I 1 6-3 I 1 Table 6.1.2 / Literacy Rate 6-3 I I
I Table 6.1.7 1 Use of Structures 1 6-5 1
Table 6.1.3
Table 6.1.4
Table 6.1.5
Employment Status
Income Status
Expenditure Status
Table 6.1.8
Table 6.1.9
6-4
6-4 i
6-4
I I
Age of Rag pickers
Sex of Respondent
Table 6.1.1 1 I Per Day Earning of Rag pickers
6-5
6-6
6-6 Table 6.1.10
6-7 I I
able bl . l5 Physical Cultural Resources (PCR) Mitigation Measures Matrix I
Living place of Rag pickers
Table 6.1.12 1 Sickness Record of Rag pickers
Table 6.1.13
Table 6.1.14
1 Table 6.1.16 1 Environmental Monitoring Cost 1 6-21 1
6-7
I I
Table 6.1.17 1 Social Management Plan (SMP) cost for Kadapa MSW site, Andhra 1 6-25
Public Consultation
Site-Specific Impacts during Remediation phase
1 1 Pradesh 1 1 1
6-7
6-13
( Table 6.1.18 ( Total ESMP cost for Kadapa MSW site 1 6-25 1
I I
Table 6.2.4 1 Employment Status of PIAs 1 6-3 1
Table 6.2.1
Table 6.2.2
( Table 6.2.5 ( Income Status 1 6-32
Ambient Air Quality of Rajendra Nagar
Social stratification
6-28
6-3 1
Table 6.2.6
Table 6.2.7
Table 6.2.8
6-33
1 Table 71.3 / Demographic Profile of the Seven Hazardous Waste Dumping site I
7-8
Expenditure Status
Source of Drinking Water
Use of Structures
Table 6.2.10
Table 6.2.1 1
Table 6.2.12
Table 6.2.13
Table 6.2.14
Table 7.1.1
Table 7.1.2
6-32
6-32
6-33
Site-Specific Impacts during Remediation phase
Physical Cultural Resources (PCR) Mitigation Measures matrix
Environmental Monitoring Cost for Noor Mohammad Kunta
Social Management Plan (SMP) cost for NMK, Andhra Pradesh
Total ESMP cost for NMK site
Hot Spot of the Hoogly HW site
Pollution issue of the hazardous site
6-4 1
6-49 1 6-50
6-54
6-54
7-2
7-3
1 Table 7.1.5 1 Education status 1 7-9
1 Table 7.1.4 1 Social stratification 7-9
I I Table 7 .13 1 Expenditure Status I 1 7-10
Table 7.1.6
Table 7.1.7
I Table 7.1.9 1 Source of Drinking Water 1 7-11
Employment Status
Income status
1 Table 7.1 1 Site-Specific Impacts during Remediation Phase 7-19
7-10
7-10
Table 7.1
Table 7.1.1 1
1 Table 7.2.4 1 Employment Status 1 7-43
Use of Structures
Public Consultation
Table 7.1.13
Table 7.1.14
Table 7.1.15
Table 7.1.16 -
Table 7.2.1
Table 7.2.2
Table 7.2.3
7-1 1
7-12
Table 7.2.7 1 Source of Drinking Water 1 7-44
Physical cultural resources (PCR) mitigation measures matrix 7-29
Table 7.2.5
Table 7.2.6
Environmental Monitoring cost for Hooghly HW sites Social Management Plan (SMP) cost for Hooghly HW sites, West Bengal
Total ESMP cost for Hooghly HW MSW sites
Monthly Maximum, Minimum and Average Values of Ambient Air Quality of Kolkata during January to August, 2008 - Social Stratification
Education Status
1 Table 7.2.10 1 Sex of respondent 1 7-45
7-3 1
7-35
7-37
7-40
7-42
7-42
Monthly income
Expenditure Status
1 Table 7.2.8
1 Table 7.2.9
7-43
7-43
Use of Structures
Age of Rag pickers
Table 7.2.1 1
Table 7.2.12
Table 7.2.13
Table 7.2.14
Table 7.2.15
Table 7.2.16
Table 7.2.17
Table 7.2.18
7-44
7-44
Table 7.2.19
Table 7.2.20
Reading Ability of Rag pickers --
Writing Ability Rag pickers
Living place of Rag pickers
Migration Status of Rag pickers
Per Day Earning of Rag pickers
Sickness Record of Rag pickers
Common Diseases reported by Rag pickers
Status of access to Doctor
7 --
Table 7.2.21
Table 7.2.22
7-45
7-45
7-45
7-46
7-46
7-46
7-47
7-47
Public Consultation
Site Specific Impacts during Remediation ~ h a s e
~ a b l e 7 . 2 . K
7-47
7-54 -
Environmental Monitoring Cost for Dhapa Landfill site Social Management Plan (SMP) cost for Dhapa Landfill site, West Bengal Total ESMP cost for Dhapa MSW site --I%%-
7-62
7-66
List of Annexures
Annexure 3.1 Public Consultation Guidelines
Annexure 4.1 Definitions and Details for Social Management Plan (SMP) Implementation
Annexure 6.1 List of Rag Pickers at Ukkayapalli Landfill site
Annexure 6.2 Training Options for Rag Pickers
Annexure 6.3 Resettlement Action Plan for Ukkayapalli MSW site
Annexure 7.1 List of Affected Persons at Hooghly HW sites
Annexure 7.2 List of Rag Pickers at Dhapa Landfill site
Annexure 8.1 Consultation Minutes (AP and WB)
ABBREVIATIONS
I AP 1 : 1 Affected Person
- 7
( APPCB I : ( Andhra Pradesh ~ o l l ~ t i o n Control Board
APERL
APIIC
CBIPM ( : ( Capacity Building for Industrial Pollution Management Project
:
:
BOD
BP
BPL
Common Disposal Site
Common Municipal Solid waste Management Facilities
Andhra Pradesh Engineering Research Laboratories
Andhra Pradesh Industrial Infrastructure Cornoration
I CO I : I Carbon Monoxide
:
:
:
Biochemical Oxygen Demand
Bank Procedure
Below Poverty Line
I : I Decibel
COD
CPCB
1 EA 1 : I Environmental Assessment
:
:
DG
E
Chemical Oxygen Demand
Center Pollution Control Board
( ESA ( : ( Environmental and Social Assessment
:
:
EIA
EMP
Diesel Generator
East
:
:
5 ESMF
ESMP
Environmental Impact Assessment
Environmental Management Plan
ETP
govt GRC
1 ICT 1 : I Intercontinental Consultants and Technocrats
:
:
:
HPC
HW
HWM
LP- )ndiqeGus People
Employees State Insurance -- Environmental and Social Management Framework
Environmental and Social Management Plan
:
:
:
Effluent Treatment Plant
Government
Grievance Redressal Cell
:
:
:
I KZ I ~ a d a p a Municipal Corporation
High Power Committee
Hazardous Waste
Hazardous Waste Management
IS
1 KIE
:
:
KMC'
LA A
LCD
Indian Standard
Katedan Industrial Estate
LDC
MoEF
(xiv)
:
:
:
MSL
MSW
Kolkata Municipal Corporation
Land Acquisition Act
Liquid Crystal Display
:
:
Less Developed Countries
Ministry of Environment and Forests
:
:
Mean Sea Level
Municipal Solid Waste
I N I : I North
1 NE / : 1 North East
1 NGI I : 1 Norwegian Geo- Technical Institute i
1 NH ( : 1 National Highway 1
1 NGO
~ N G R I
1 NOx / : I Nitrogen Oxides 1
:
:
NHAI
NM
Non Governmental Organization
NationaI Geophysical Research Institute
( OD I : 1 Operational Directives 1
:
:
NPC
OBC
( OP I : ( Operational Policy
National Highways Authority of India
Noor Mohammad I
:
:
1 PG I : 1 Post Graduate I
National Productivity Council I Other Backward Cast 7
PAH
PCB
1 PIU / : ( Prqject Implementation Unit I
:
:
PHC
PI A
Pro-ject Affected Household Pollution Control Board
: 1 Public Health Center
: I Project Influence Area
1 RN ( : I Rajender Nagar
PPE
RandR
8 -- -
1 SAFE 1 : I Saviours And Friends of Environment 1 1 SC I : 1 Scheduled Castes 1
:
:
Personal Protective Equipment
Resettlement and Rehabilitation
1 SC
SI A
I I u I SO2 I
I : 1 Sulphur Dioxide
SLF 1 : 1 SMP 1 :
1 s o x ( : ( Sulphur Oxide 1
:
:
Sanitary Land Fill
Social Management Plan 1 1 SPCB I : 1 State Pollution Control Boards
1
Supervision Consultant
Social Impact Assessment
1 TB 1 : 1 Tuberculosis I
SPM
I ST
1 TBL : Top of Bund
TDS : Total Dissolved solid
1 WB 1 : I World Bank 1
:
1 WBPCB I I
I : / West Bengal Pollution Control Board
:) Scheduled Tribes
I Units 1 1 cm ( : ( Centi Meter 1 ( g kg-' 1 : ( Gram per kilogram I
1 m 1 : I Meter 1
Ha
Km
1 mg kg-' 1 : 1 Milligram per kilogram
:
:
1 sq.m. : I Square Meter 1
Hectare
Kilometers
mg/l
mm
MT
1 U S $ ( : I United States dollar
:
:
:
Milligram per liter
Millimeter
Metric Ton
Ettvironmettt and Social Assessmetzt Study
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
ES-1 BACKGROUND
The rapid pace of urbanization in India has led to the generation of large quantities of solid and hazardous waste in many cities in India. The Government recognizes that promoting cleaner production and minimizing waste is important to sustain industrial growth. A particularly serious problem is associated with hazardous wastes related to the unknown quantities of hazardous wastes illegally dumped outside industrial estates, on abandoned public lands, and within privately owned lands. Few Indian States appear to have any mechanism for the monitoring or even listing of such hazardous wastes dump sites. There are no estimates available with the State Pollution Control Boards regarding the quantities and nature of hazardous wastes in such dumps.
The Capacity Building for Industrial Pollution Management Project will support the implementation of the new Government policies that emphasize enforcement, integration of pollution prevention efforts and community participation in monitoring polluting industries. The project is designed as a pilot in response to the need to address the issues associated with contaminated orphan sites in two States and the limitations of the institutional base to tackle the problem in a comprehensive manner. The implicit logic of the project approach is to expand the institutional capacity at the State level, ease the regulatory gaps, and demonstrate appropriate clean uplremediation techniques of legacy hazardous waste sites and thus facilitate scaling up of the remediation effort in other States in future
ES-2 PROJECT DESCRIPTION
The project targets the pollution associated with hazardous and solid waste in four specific sites in Andhra F'radesh and West Bengal, and the impacts on land and water and human health hazards. The project also places great importance on investments in institutional development of environmental authorities to stave off secondary pollution from ongoing industrial operations in the project area. It also provides a comprehensive framework for investments in remediation of legacy pollution sites which pose significant hazard to communities and meet the criteria of a "public good".
The development objective of the project is two fold: (i) to support the institutional and methodological framework for development and implementation of national and State plans for clean uplrehabilitation of highly polluted sites resulting from rapid industrialization; and (ii) to build tangible capacity of State and national institutions for reducing the risks to public health, livelihoods and ecosystem integrity. More broadly, the project will provide a 'blueprint' for handling environmental issues related to 'legacy' pollution in the context of environmental and social sustainability.
The project promotes an integrated "area-wide" approach to pollution management which is based on inclusion of key stakeholders in planning and implementation of project investments, and partnerships for improved environmental conditions of community neighbourhoods around the polluted sites. The project will support measures for public awareness and community engagement to prevent secondary contamination of the sites and behavioural changes. The project has the following components:
Component 1: Strengthening of Environmental Institutions: Building Capacity for addressing pollution remediation at Slate level (US$ 14.77 million). This includes technical assistance for strengthening the planning, monitoring and enforcement capacity of State Pollution Control Boards in several States, including those where demonstration investments will be carried out. At the State level the project will promote regulatory incentives for improved environmental performance and corporate compliance through support to the establishment of Environmental Compliance Assistance Center in
Final Environmental and Social Assessmenr Report ES-i
West Bengal. The project will also support through technical assistance the development of the National Plan for Rehabilitation of Polluted Sites (NPRPS). In this regard, high priority will be given to support the development of a methodological framework for assessment, prioritization, clean uplremediation standards, and financing modalities for implementation of the NPRPS. This will ensure the sustainability of project outcomes through enabling the replication of 'good practices'.
Component 2: Investments in PrioriQ Remediation and Environmental Improvements: Rehabilitation of the orphan hazardous waste sites (US$ 42.0 million). The objectives of this component is to remediate or minimize to acceptable and safe levels the environment and health risks by containing the migration of the heavy metal and chemical bearing of contaminated soil and groundwater. Typically, in most polluted sites the generation and discharge of industrial waste; domestic discharge of sewer water, as well as discharge of toxic chemicals from abandoned industrial facilities and the municipal dump site have contributed directly or indirectly to the overall degradation of environmental quality of soil, surface and groundwater in the area, thus posing significant human health risks. Specifically, the high concentration levels of heavy metals, exceeding the maximum permissible concentration limits, create a major risk to the quality of the total surface and groundwater system, which is also used by both animals and humans as a source of drinking water. This component will develop a risk based' technical solutions to implement measures for intercepting, containing or treating as well as monitoring the environment and health impacts in the project area and prevent further migration of unacceptable contamination levels to sensitive areas and groundwater users.
This component will assist Andhra Pradesh and West Bengal to develop and implement area-based plans which include remediation of orphan2 polluted sites and rehabilitation of old municipal dumps, and measures for overall environmental improvements in the area and better compliance of the nearby industrial units. Specifically, this component will provide technical assistance for detailed engineering design of site remediation plans, additional sampling and validation of pollution impacts, development of post-remediation monitoring and after-care plans for the project sites and training. The component will also finance remediation works, equipment and up-gradation of existing disposal and treatment infrastructure in the area, operational and maintenance cost of facilities during project life, and a campaign for community awareness and communication. The selected sites are located in urban or pen-urban areas which continue to grow.
The choice of sites for pilot demonstration investments is based on: severity of environmental impacts, size of population directly exposed to pollution hazards, including upstream-downstream impact of pollution, current and planned land use; applicable choice of technology and potential for meeting cleanup standards within the life of the project, community buy-in, support of local government, and sustainability of the investments.
I hsk-Based Approach is designed to prevent unacceptable exposure risks. A cleanup solution uses risk- assessment tools to develop sitc-specific cleanup levels. These levels depend on the nature and extent of contamination, current and reasonably likely future uses of land and water, and related factors.(USEPA)
The term 'orphan site' is used in the international practice for a site which is contaminated by a release of hazardous substances that poses serious threats to human health or the environment, wherc the parties responsible for the contamination are either unknown - or unable or unwilling - to pay for needed remedial actions. A typical orphan site is a property with soil andlor groundwater contamination, where the party responsible for the contamination has gone out of business, and may also have left behind hazardous substances in tanks or drums. Somet ime a company is still operating, but is too small to afford the cleanup. Another type of orphan project is an area-wide site where drink~ng-water wells have been contaminated, but the source of the contamination is unknown. Failure to clean up Orphan Sites may endanger public health and the environment (including groundwater and municipal drinking water sources). Contamination will continue to spread, affecting water, soil, people, and adjacent properties. Costs will increase with time, because the more contamination spreads, the more expensive it becomes to clean up. Conversely, a viable Orphan and Enforcement program encourages careful handling of hazardous substances, and removes any competitive advantage for businesses engaged in sloppy waste-management practices. Finally, contaminated property is economically unproduct~ve land. Contamination that remains will continue to devalue building, land, and water assets on the affected and neighboring properties.(USEPA).
Final Environmental and Soc~a l Assessment Repon ES-ti
Environment and Social Assessnrrnr Studv
For all pilot sites baseline information on the key parameters regarding level and type of contaminant, geographic location and acreage, and health impacts have been collected. The pre-feasibility study carried out during project preparation provides the background on the socio-economic, technical, financial and environmental impacts of the proposed site remediation. It also makes recommendations about the integrated approach to address other environmental problems in the area.
ES-3 DESCRIPTION O F T H E PILOT SITES AND ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES:
Two States, Andhra Pradesh (AP) and West Bengal (WB), have been selected for piloting the remediation program, based on a set of selection criteria designed to ensure that integrated pollution management approaches covering both hazardous and solid waste management can be piloted. The sites that have been designated for the pilot program in each State are as follows:
(a) Noor Moharnrnad Kunta (Lake), Katedan Industrial Area (KIE) in Rangareddy District, Andhra Pradesh. The area is located in Rajendranagar municipality adjoining Hyderabad city. The Noor Mohamemed Kunta has an independent catchment and owing to the area topography of the Lake does not receive water from any upstrcam water body. The Lake has natural slope in northeast direction, and is interconnected through the Shivarampallli tank and Voora Cheruvu into the Mir Alam tank. Mir Alam tank is a large water body and is the principle water sources of Hyderabad City. The site is heavily polluted by heavy metals and identified as a 'hot spot' due to the 10- 40 times higher concentration of cadmium, manganese, lead, zinc, nickel, copper, chlorides and sulphites in the lake water. sediments and soil.
After remediation, the site will be used for public recreation. Under the public press~lre of concerned residents relating to ground water and surface water contamination, the government has decided to remediate the site and reclaim the lake. Site remediation will include three sub-components: i) terminate the primary source of contamination, which is from illegal discharge of industrial effluents, and secondary sources, which is from random dumping of municipal wastes and industrial hazardous wastes; (iij pump and treat surface and groundwater (as feasible) to a level that is safe to drain into an effluent treatment plant, and pilot remediation measures like excavation, replanting, slope stabilization and remediation of bottom sludge, soil and sediments, build a drainage collection, inlet and outlet structure; (iii) establishing a monitoring system to measure effectiveness of remediation system, and (iv) preparation of an 'after-care plan' for prevention of secondary pollution. Finally, the project will help establish support of the neighbourhood community to project measures, by helping them to understand the health impacts of pollution and change behaviour.
(b) Kadapa Municipal Solid Waste Dump site in Andhra Pradesh. Ukkayapalli Municipal Solid Waste site is located in Kadapa where 10.8 acres of land have been used for open dumping since 1988. The estimated volume of waste disposed at the site for closure is 162,500 tonnes. The clump site contains large quantities of organic waste from household and businesses. Water quality related health problems have been reported in the nearby habitations. Surface runoffs and percolation of leachate from the dumpsite is contaminated by toxic chemicals. Beyond the dump site boundaries many small water bodies were founds to be polluted, as well. Pollution effects are intensified during the monsoon season when public concerns are reported frequently. It is less than 0.5 km or less away from the human habitations in the Masapct, Sankarapurrn and Ukkayyapalli villages. Rehabilitation after closure is considered necessary in view of the new urban developments proposed by the Municipality in the area.
The proposed plan to close and reclaim the waste dump site will result in significant reduction of pollution in soil; lower incidence of environment-related disease as well reduction in deleterious health effects on the rag-pickers who derive their livelihoods from the dump site. The remediation plan which includes converting the area into a public park will significantly reduce health risks to the surrounding and help increase the livability of this urban area.
Final Env~rontncntal and Svcial Assessment Repon ES-iil
Executive Summoly
(c) Hooghly Hazardous Waste Sites, in West Bengal, are located in the district of Hooghly along the Delhi road which demarcates the site boundary on the eastem side. Seven spots contaminated with hazardous materials, mostly with chromium and ceramics waste, steel and alloy waste have been identified. Most of the hazardous material on the sites is used for building approach roads which are occasionally inundated during the monsoon. Specifically, these sites are located, near Badwa, Bangihatti, Baidyapati and Bodogorji villages, and small business setups like Dhaba and shops were located near the sites . The sites' specific physical characteristics relevant to safeguard analysis have been determined in the Environmental and Social Assessment (ESA). The soil, groundwater and surface water media in Hooghly are contaminated. The ground and surface water is used by local residents for washing and other purposes as not all have access to clean, piped water. The water is also being used for agricultural purposes and thus poses a severe risk to human health. The livestock in the area such as cattle and other animals also drink the contaminated water. The waste present at the sites contains leachable constituents as identified in the TCLP (Chromatographic test) test and continues to contaminate both ground and surface water. The risk to the community and ecology is evident. In-situ remediation technologies for chromium wastes are not proven, therefore excavation and off-site disposal to a secure landfill is the only practical remediation technology for the proposed sites. All sites have medium to high hazard potential based on soil and groundwater analyses and assessment of health and environmental risks considering on existence of water body in the area, population density, likely impact on human health, existence of water supply source in the area, ground water table, contamination in soil and contamination in ground water. A number of remediation options were considered including recovery trenches or wells, soil venting, bio-treatment and immobilization. The proposed remediation may include the following steps: i) containment of spread of pollution using a permanent concrete capping design and reclamation of site using clean soil and lining where necessary; and ii) dismantling of existing permanent contaminated structures, excavation, transportation and disposal into secured landfill for all sites. The access roads comprising of contaminated fill will be excavated up to 4 m depth. The excavated material will be transferred to the authorised hazardous waste landfill site. Verification sampling will be carried out during the course of excavation to re-establish that the material being removed is contaminated and no underlying material that is contaminated is left behind.
In addition to removal of the contaminated fill comprising the access roads, the ponds will be drained and sediments will be excavated at the base of the ponds. The remediation plan envisions that all access mads will be developed using clean fill material meeting appropriate environmental and construction standards. The fill material will be made available from local sources such as fly ash from thermal power plants such as Bandel Power plant or sediments received from annual dredging of Damodar Valley Corporation's canal.
(d) Dhapa waste landfill site in West Bengal is a dumping site adjacent to the south-eastem wetlands of Kolkata located around 10 km from the city centre. The East Kolkata Wetlands is a man made wetland covering and area of 12,500 ha consisting of intertidal wetlands such as saltings and salt meadows. It has been registered as a Ramsar Convention site. The disposal site is shaped long and th~n from west to east with a size approximately of 150 m by 2,000 m. The area is divided by an asphalt access road and agricultural land in two plots of 23 acres (site A), and 47 acres (site B) respectively. In compliance with the East Kolkata Wetland Management Plan first the smaller site is identified for closure and rehabilitation. The post rehabilitation land use has been defined by the East Kolkata Wetland Act which prohibits any commercial developments. The site contains unsegregated waste, including organic waste, debris and some recyclable refuse. Surface and ground water is polluted by the leachate from the dump site reaching the nearby water bodies. Significant noise and air pollution is attributed to the waste dumping site. All parameters for air pollutants (SOX, NOx, SMP, RSPM) in the areas significantly exceed the permissible levels.
The remediation plan for this site will close and remediate site A within the next two years, while the site B will remain active for another five years and then closed and remediated. The remediation plan envisages capping of the disposal site and capture of land fill gas. The site remediationlrehabilitation plan is designed to mitigate health hazards from toxic pollution, which poses risks to community and
F ~ n a l Env~ronmenral and Social Asaesmen t Repon ES-iv
Environment and Social Assessment Study
ecology (especially humans and animals that come into direct contact with the waste); reduce water and soil contamination in the land surrounding the site, which is used for small farming. Remediation also would improve the aesthetic appearance of the natural area, help eliminated the nuisance of flies and other insects that breed intensively on the site, and very likely lower the incidence of environment-related disease. The proposed plan to close and reclaim the waste dump site is also expected to result in potential cost-savings with decreased levels of pollution in soil, potential cost savings with decreased health budget from lower incidence of environment-related disease. Improvement/better management of the site would make it easier to set up transportation facilities and roadside amenities, which would generate income.
ES-4 APPLICATION OF SAFEGUARDS POLICIES
In accordance with World Bank policies, the following social and environmental safeguards apply: Environmental Assessment (OPIBP 4.01); Natural Habitats (OPIBP 4.04); Involuntary Resettlement (OPIBP 4.12); and Physical Cultural Resources (OP/BP 4.1 1). The project also adheres to the Public Consultation and Information policy. Regarding the presence of indigenous peoples in the area, after careful analysis and screening, no indigenous peoples were found to be residing in the project area.
OP 4.01 - Environmental Assessment. The Project is classified as Category A. An Environmental and Social Assessment (ESA) to identify this Project's potential environmental and social impacts has been completed in accordance with the Bank's environmental policies applicable to Category A projects. The ESA report provides an overview of the challenges India faces in addressing the large quantities of municipal solid waste and hazardous waste that have accrued in its urban and pen-urban areas-the result of the country's rapid pace of urbanization-to an extent that exceeds the capacity of civic agencies responsible for collection and disposal of such waste. The ESA report also reviews India's policy and regulatory framework regarding management of hazardous and municipal solid waste and related environmental issues, evaluates the positive and negative impacts and strategic environmental priorities. The Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP) comprises: (i) an Impact Matrix during Site Remediation of project activities' direct and indirect impacts and their positive and negative effects; (ii) a plan that details, for each site being remediated, the specific environmental and social impacts and related mitigation measures for these site-specific impacts- including a ResettlementlRehabilitation Action Plan (RAP) to fully address any resettlement needs and the considerable issues regarding restoration of income at a few of the sites; (iii) an itemized budget that indicates costs for each mitigation measure at each site; (iv) and guidelines that identify the agenth that islare institutionally responsible for implementation as well as supervision of each measure to address the various environmental and social impacts.
OP 4.04 - Natural Habitats. The policy on natural habitats may be tnggered specifically with regard to the closure and rehabilitation of Dhapa old municipal waste dump site, which is in the vicinity of the East Kolkata wetlands. The remediation measures at Dhapa are designed to mitigate impacts of toxic run-offs from the site, which pose risks to the community and area ecology. The closure and reclaiming of the site is expected to result in decreased levels of pollution in the water and soil and thus will have significant positive impacts. Any temporary impacts as a result of the remediation works will be mitigated following the recommendations of the ESMP.
OP 4.12 - Involuntary Resettlement. The physical activities envisaged under the project are unlikely to have significantly adverse social safeguard impacts. A majority of the sites are 'orphan' sites located on public land. The ESA has confirmed the absence of any legal disputes for each of the four sites under the project. No land acquisition is expected under the project; however, the project has triggered the policy on involuntary resettlement due to the likelihood that income streams will be interrupted by project activities and will need to be restored. Rag-pickers on the two dump sites will require income restoration as well as rehabilitation (including training in safer methods of rag-piclung and training to acquire alternative livelihoods). The possibility of encroachers on public lands or vendors/traders who use the undeveloped spaces also cannot be ruled out, and such groups have been accounted for in the ESMP developed by the ESA. In these cases, people affected by project activities
Final Environmental and Social Assessment Report ES-v
in terms of loss of income or loss of housing/shelter have already been identified (through the ESA) in advance of project appraisal through extensive preliminary consultations with all stakeholders in project sites. Consultations have been supplemented with data collection in the form of household surveys and appropriate qualitative methods of data collection to ensure that all potentially affected peoples are recognized, and all ways in which they may be affected are specified. For events in which people incur loss of income andlor housing/shelter due to project activities, the ESMP is prepared to ensure equitable income restoration and any restoration of housing or shelter for affected people. The detailed site-specific entitlement matrices and Resettlement/Rehabilitation Action Plans (RAPS) have been developed as a part of the ESA. Due to the fluid nature of the directly affected population, additional field work to determine final list of people/households eligible for compensation will be undertaken well before rehabilitation commences. Given that physical interventions are planned only for urban and peri-urban locations, interventions are unlikely to affect indigenous peoples (IPS) dwelling in tribal/ancestral lands, for example, and thus are unlikely to involve IPS and would not require preparation of a separate IP Development Plan. Because the selected sites are likely to be host to poor and vulnerable populations, however, implementation of remedial actions would ensure that project interventions do not obstruct the livelihoods and access of these populations or incur other adverse impacts, but also make the appropriate provisions to ensure that people are not exposed to health hazards while site remediation works take place.
OP 4.11 - Physical Cultural Resources. The ESA report has identified a number of religious structures (temples, mosques, darghas) and graveyards in close proximity to intervention sites that might affect worship and ntuals. Whereas the most likely impact will consist of disrupting access to the physical cultural resources, the possibility of encountering chance finds during foreseen excavations has also been taken into consideration. In view of the above, the ESA has addressed these issues in a section of the ESMP dedicated to the specific measures to be taken in order to mitigate and manage such impacts. Additionally, a chance finds procedure has been developed in compliance with the Treasure Trove Act
ES-5 FINDINGS OF THE SOCIAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENTS
Main Social Issues
A social assessment, conducted as part of the ESA, has identified some of the major social issues in the areas surrounding the sites to be remediated. These are, among others: dangers posed to public safety from toxic waste at the polluted sites, including health hazards due to open dumps and unmanagedlinadequate solid waste collection, dumping, and treatment services (consulted peoples in the project influence area perceive these to be the cause of myriad health problems such as skin disease, diarrhea, asthma and other respiratory disease, and diseases like malaria and dengue, transmitted by mosquitoes that breed on the open dumps and hazardous waste sites); low literacy rates and average skill levels of the local labor force; few opportunities to access safe and sustainable livelihoods (e.g., a collective 700 rag-pickers-most of whom come from scheduled castes or other backward castes, derive their livelihoods collecting waste at the Dhapa and UKKayapalli MSW sites and will lose their income upon closure of the sites); pollution of the ambient environment due to burning of solid waste (air pollution) and contamination of water sources; degradation of natural and cultural resources and lack of attention to their preservation; and child labor, particularly at the dumpsites.
The ESA conducted analysis of each proposed remediation investment from the point of view of current needs and project social impacts. The proposed investments would provide services improvements for local population and training for people deriving their livelihoods from the sites, to increase opportunities for jobs that are more sustainable and less hazardous than their current activities. As the directly affected population is of low income status, the targeted actions will benefit the socially vulnerable segments of the population in the vicinity of each remediation site. Some of the specific social impacts include: increased public safety due to reduction of health hazards upon remediation of polluted sites; better overall economic conditions through the improvement of
Final Environmental and Social Assessnient Report ES-vi
Enviror~met~t and Social Assessnrenr Sfridv
livelihoods options; increase natural and cultural value of the area through improved ambient environment; reductions in child labor through integrated assistance to minors and their families (e.g., whole families, including children, deriving incomes from rag-picking). Resettlement of the small number-approximately 15-rag-pickers residing near one of the dumpsites is aimed at improving the living conditions and quality of life for these people. The resettlement will follow the Bank's safeguards policies and ensure full consultations with the affected persons. A resettlement and income restoration framework following the Bank's safeguards policies has been prepared which ensures that full consultations with the affected persons will be conducted.
Social Impacts
The project will bring myriad social benefits to communities on and around remediation sites. These benefits include improved ambient environment, improved community perceptions of government responsiveness to their concerns about pollution, improved socio-economic conditions for PAPS (as restoration of income streams interrupted by project activities will provide more sustainable income earning opportunities), and increased community awareness of/involvement in local environmental issues-not to mention potentially improved health outcomes once pollution sources are removed. During preliminary consultations at all four pilot sites, community members expressed concern about pollution effects on their water sources and air quality, and in some sites, NGOs also have been very active in representing these community concerns. The project is innovative in its strong emphasis on mobilizing communities for greater environmental awareness and involvement in monitoring of polluting industries in the area, in part by incorporating communities into a multi-stakeholder monitoring mechanism that helps enforce local polluting industries' compliance with environmental policy. Social issues also are addressed in terms of mitigating negative social impacts as remediation activities occur on project sites-both for PAPS whose incomes require restoration or who need to be resettled, and for those in the broader affected area surrounding the anchor legacy site.
Some interventions may result in interruption of incomes on a large scale and, on a lesser scale, involuntary resettlement of 15-20 people. Alternative measures are being analyzed and a resettlement and income restoration framework has been devised to minimize the associated impacts.
Main Environmental Issues
The project is expected to produce significant environmental improvements and social benefits due to the nature of project intervention to reduce environment and health risks in specific legacy pollution sites. However, because of its complex nature and remediation works associated with project sites the overall project qualifies for Category 'A', in accordance with the Bank's Operational Policy Guidelines.
According to Ministry of Environment and Forest's Environmental lmpact Assessment regulations all common hazardous waste treatment, storage and disposal facilities fall under category A, while solid waste management facilities fall under category B. Furthermore any project activity specified in category B will be treated as category A if it is located in part or within 10 km from the boundary of a protected areas, critically polluted areas as notified by the CPCB, and notified eco-sensitive areas.
The project interventions are not likely to cause any adverse, large-scale, significant and/or irreversible impacts. Any adverse impacts identified in the EMPs are of temporary nature and construction-related and can be mitigated following good construction management practices. Specifically, potential impacts of project actions for remediation and rehabilitation of the pilot sites may have impact on the physical, biological and social environments during the closure and rehabilitation works. Analysis of environmental impacts has been carried out based on the proposed activities, scenarios and applicable time hori7.ons. The impacts related to site remediation may be regarded as both temporary and permanent with various levels of significance and generally negative, whereas post remediation impacts are more likely to be permanent and positive. Evaluation of sites has been carried out in the context of location, activities and affected people. The EMP defines the
Final Environmental and Social Assessment Report ES-vii
Execulive Summary
procedures related to specific impacts associated with handling and disposal of hazardous waste from contaminated sites, which will be mitigated by using international best practices. The EMP requirements will be integrated in the technical specifications and bidding document for remediation works and monitored as part of the contractual requirements in the civil works.
The main environmental problems associated with the site remediation are categorized as: (i) Direct and induced; (ii) Low significance, medium significance and high significance, (iii) Negative and positive, and (iv) Permanent and temporary.
Direct and Induced impacts include effects on air quality, soil, water, flora and fauna, wildlife, habitation, livelihoods, existing infrastructure from dust, odour, dust emissions, contamination by leachate, solid waste, debris, water percolation, annoyance from increased traffic, temporary buildings during construction, visuaVaura1 aesthetic loss etc. Low /Medium/ high significance effects on air quality, soil, water, flora and fauna, wildlife, habitation, livelihoods, existing infrastructure are rated according to site impacts from activities which include movement of vehicles, excavation, backfilling, land preparation, transportation and operation of machinery, construction of office camp, closure of dump sites and containment construction measures. Negative and Positive effects are related to bio-accumulation of pollutants in plants, animalshumans, and resulting heath issues, increased pressure on site natural resources, traffic congestion, impact on property values etc.
Categorizing effects as of permanent or temporary nature is done with regard to the effect of project activities on infrastructure and livelihoods.
Table A (below) provides an impact matrix of site remediation works.
Final Environmental and Social Assessment Repon ES-viii
Environmenr and Social Assessnlent S t ~ ~ d v
Table A: Impact Matrix during Site Remediation
Draft Environmental and Social Assessment Report ES-ix
Component affected
Air
Activity
Movement of Vehicles, Excavation activities, Filling activities,
Permanent/ Temporary
Temporary
Direct Impacts
Dust, Odor and gas emissions
Positive/ Negative
Negative
Soil
Groundwater
Noise
Flora and fauna
Wildlife
Aesthetics
Temporary
Temporary
Temporary
Temporary
Temporary
Temporary
Induced Impacts
Health issues for residents and workers, offsite contamination
Contamination by leaked pollutants, solid wastes, debris
Drawdown effects from water percolation.
Annoyance, irritation.
Loss of tlora and fauna
Chances of Migration of wild animals
Visual and noise aesthetics loss
Significance
Medium
Negative
Negative
Negative
Negative
Ncgative
Negative
transportation of waste. Land preparation, Operation of DG set and other machinery etc
Excavation, Filling
Leachate from site
Movement of Vehicles, Excavation, Land preparation, Operation of DG set and other machinery etc
Construction of office and labor camp etc.
Construction of office and labor camp etc.
Excavation of waste, site preparation, associated construction activities.
Bioaccumulation of pollutants in plantslanimalskumans, wider contamination from dust and soil movement during remediation.
Bioaccumulation of pollutants in plantslanimalskumans
None
None
Increased pressure on resources by wildlife at some other location
None
Low
Low
Low
Small
Small
High
Executive S~lmmary
Component affected
Livelihood r-
Activity
Movement of Vehicles, Excavating activities, Filling activities, transportation of waste. Land preparation and construction activities
Closure of MSW site
Increased traffic movements, dust
Direct Impacts
Traffic congestion, health impacts, littering
Induced Impacts
Income of Rag- pickers and small business holders.
Shortage of agriculture goods in Market
Income of traders associated with rag pickers
None
Loss of agriculture production
Rag Pickers may
I
migrate to other site
Agriculture activities
Habitation
Closure of MSW site
Closure of MSW site
Employment
~ -
Infrastructure
Closure of MSW site Sornc Employment will Generate
Improved socio-economic conditions
Religious and Socio-
Cultural sites
Closure of MSW site I Development of I Infrastructure
Construction of contractor's office and labour camp, etc.
Appreciation of property value
Movement of vehicles, excavation, filling activities, waste transportation. Land preparation and construction activities
I None
1
Negative 1 Medium 1 Temporary I Negative
Worshipers and Visitors may avoid their routine visits to these places as a result of pollution or disturbance.
Negative 1 Small 1 Permanent I
Significance
Negative
Negative
Positive 1 Small I Temporary 1
Permanent/ Temporary
Positive Small Permanent
Negative Small Temporary
High
Small
Final Environmental and Social Assessment Report ES-x
Permanent
Temporary
Environment and Social Assessment Srud~
ES-6 PUBLIC CONSULTATIONS
In accordance with the World Bank's Information Disclosure Policy (BP 17.50) a process of disclosure and public consultations as a part of the ESA has been conducted. Numerous consultations and stakeholder interviews have conducted throughout the project identification and preparation process. Open consultation meetings near the remediation sites discussed the background and initial proposed actions for the Project. Consultations have ensured disclosure of socio-environmental studies, identified partners in the process, and invited public involvement in and response to the process involving experience exchange and suggestions to be incorporated into the Project. The ESA report, which includes the Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP) and associated site-specific frameworks for income restoration and minimal resettlement, has been disclosed both in-country and to the World Bank Infoshop at least 120 days prior to the Project's Board date, in keeping with policy requirements. The ESA report was submitted to the Infoshop on November 26, 2008; and was published on the Ministry of Environment and Forests (MoEF) and Andhra Pradesh Pollution Control Board public websites on November 28, 2008 and on the West Bengal Pollution Control Board public website on November 29,2008.
ES-7 ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT PLAN (ESMP)
The Environmental and Social Assessment report includes the following: a Social and Environmental Framework; an ESMP comprised of action plans for each site, including site plans for rehabilitation1 resettlement of directly affected peoples; a table that defines institutional roles and cost for safeguards. The framework, which informs the specific environmental and social management plans for each site (which can be found in the full ESA report), is displayed below, in Table B .
Drafr Environmental and Social Assessment Report ES-xi
Etir'ironment and Sociul Assessnlent Study
Table B: Environmental and Social Management Planning Framework
I I I I I 1 Institutional I Environmenta
1 Issue1 Component
Remedial Measure Approximate
Location
a. Soil erosion
Time frame
b. Loss of topsoil
d. Contamination
Responsibility
Mitigatio cost ki Impleme Super-
vision tation
The depths in borrow pits will be regulated so that the sides will not be steeper than 25%, from the edge of the final section of bank.
Soil erosion will be checked by measures such as the formation of sediment basins and slope drains.
c. Compaction of soil
a. Water
Agricultural areas will not be used for borrowing of materials, unless requested by the landowner for making ponds or for lowering the land for malung it irrigable.
All selected borrow pits and quarries.
Construction vehicles, machinery, and equipment will move, or be stationed in the designated ROW, to avoid unnecessary compaction of soil.
Soil Monitorin g Cost
All selected borrow pits and quarries
Construction vehicles and equipment will be maintained and refueled so that spillage does not contaminate the soil.
Fuel storage and refueling sites will be kept away from drainage channels and important water bodies.
Any community water source, such as wells, tube-wells, etc., lost incidentally will be replaced with alternate sources.
Engineeri ng cost plus
During Remediation
All MSW and HW sites and surrounding area
relocation cost
During Remediation
Throughout .
project corridor and areas
All MSW, and HW sites and surrounding area
Contract SC, PIU, or 1 NHAI
Engineeri ng cost
During Remediation
During Remediation
During Remediation
Draft Environlnental and Social Assessment Report ES-xii
Engineeri ng cost
Contract or
Engineeri ng cost
SC, PIU,
Conrracr or
SC, PIU,
Contract or
SC, PIU,
Et~vit-onment und Social Assessn~ent Study
Final Environ~nental and Social Assessment Report ES-xiii
Environmenta 1 Issue/
Component
b. Coiltami~lation
C. Sanitation
d. Use of
water
a. Emission from
Remedial Measure
Any work close to streams or other water bodies will be avoided, especially during the monsoon period. All necessary precautions will be taken to construct temporary or permanent devices to prevent water pollution due to increased siltation and turbidity.
Construction camps will be located away from the habitation. The
sewage system for such camps will be properly designed and built so that no water pollution takes place. If necessary, temporary effluent treatment plants will be installed in the construction camps. The workplace will have proper medical facilities.
ppppp
The contractor will arrange for water required for construction so that nearby communities remain unaffected.
All machinery and plants will be downwind of human settlements.
The pollution emission levels of all vehicles, equipment and machinery used for construction will conform to the standards prescribed in India Central Motor Vehicles Rules, 1989.
Air pollutant parameters will be monitored regularly during construction, as envisaged in the EMP.
Time frame
~~~i~~ Remediation
During Remediation
Approximate Location
All MSW and HW sites and sun-ounding area
At camp locations, wherever located alollg project
All MSW and HW sites and surrounding area
All MSW and HW sites and sufl"unding area
Mitigatio n cost
Water Monitorin g Cost
Engineeri ng cost
Institutional
During I Engineeri
Impieme n-
tation
Contract or
Contract or
Contract or
Contract or
Remediation
Responsibility
Super. vision
SC, PIU,
SC, PIU,
SC, PIU,
ng cost
During Remediatio
Air Monitorin g Cost
Executive S~crnrnary
a. Noise
a. Health issues
Vehicles and equipment used will be fitted with silencer and maintained accordingly.
Noise standards for industrial enterprises will be strictly enforced to protect construction workers from severe noise impacts. Workers will be provided with appropriate ear inuffslplugs. The noise level will be monitored during the construction, as per the EMP.
Adequate drainage, sanitation, and waste disposal facilities will be provided at work places. Proper drainage will be maintained around sites to avoid water logging leading to disease. Adequate sanitation and waste disposal facilities will be provided at camps by means of septic tanks, soakage pits, etc. At every workplace, good and sufficient water supply will be maintained to avoid water-related diseases and secure the health of workers. Adequate drainage, sanitation, and waste disposal provided at workplaces. Preventive medical care will be provided to workers.
All MSW, HW sites and surrounding area
During Remediatio n
Construction During camps Remediation
-
A health care system will be maintained at camps for routine check up of workers and avoidance of communicable disease.
Mitigatio n Cost
Noise Monitorin g Cost
1 Institutional 1 1 Responsibility 1
vision
Engineeri Contract SC, PIU, UI
Contract or
Final Environmental and Social Assessment Repor-t ES-xiv
SC,PIU,
En1,ironrnenr and Social Assessnlenr Srudv
Final Environmental and Social Assessment Report ES-xv
Environrnenta 1 Issue1
Component
a. Livelihood
b. Coinmunity properties
c. Cultural and Religious properties.
d. Archaeological Properties.
Mitigatio n Cost Impleme Super- n-
Remedial Measure
All persons likely to be impacted will be properly compensated and also will be considered for alternative earning options. As per the RandR 2007 and bank Policy 4.12. Also Social dcveloprnent of the affected persons will be carried out in order to alternative earning options and better living conditions.
All community properties likely to be impacted will be relocated with prior approval of the concerned agencies
Public consultation has been carried out to obtain opinions about shifting of religious structures if required. Also Bank policy 4.1 1 will be followed in these cases
If there is any archaeological site in direct and indirect influence zone of project area then archaeological site prevention acts will be followed to mitigate the impacts.
-
Approximate Location
Time frame
All MSW and HW sites and surrounding area
To be identified based on community needs
Locations of cultural properties likely impacted during proj . implementation.
Location of archaeological properties likely to be impacted during implementation.
During the design and remediation stage
During the design and remediation stage
During the design stage
R&R Cost
R&R Cost
R&R Cost
R&R Cost
concerned governme nt departmen ts
PIU, concerned governme nt depts..
PIU, NGOs and R and R unit
PIU, concerned govt. depts, R&R unit
PIU
PIU
PIU
- Environment andSocia1 Assessment Study
Table C: Main Steps of the Environmental and Social Plan for CBIPMP~
Project Implementation ( Issuance of RFP for works incorporates ESMP requirements 1 Review bidding documents to verify compliance with ESMP -4
Technic& Stage Project Effectiveness
r e g a r d i n g i l e m e n t a t i o n
Validation of list of people to be rehabilitatedlcompensated Carry out all SMP requirements, including
Social-Environmental Management Measures ESMP already developed, references in project legal document
responsibility
- rehabilitation/compensation Prepare sites with EMP measures to start remediation works Independent supervision consultant verifies contracts have 1 provisions 4 Identify local community groups to participate in monitoring Supervision consultant conducts random field checks throughout
commences I PIU verifies there are no complaints filed in
1 1 mechanism or fullv addresses anv com~laints 1
Table D: Cost Estimate of Proposed Safeguards Action Plans for CBIPMP
Remediation works completion
Proposed Action Plans for CBIPMP Remediation Sites Cost Estimate (US$) 1. Noor Mohammad Kunta, AP
Environmental Management Plan 1 7,000 Workshops for Communities re: Environmental Awareness 20,000 Compensation/Income Restoration for 10 Rag-pickers 7,300
SUBTOTAL 44,300 2. Ukkaypalli Landfill Site at Kadapa, AP
Environmental Management Plan 1 3,000 Workshops for Communit~es re: Environmental Awareness 20,000 Itnproving Safety, Livelihoods Options for 200 Rag-prckers
Awareness program 4,000 Skills training 8,400 Health protection material (gum boot, gloves, mask) 5,000
Compensation for relocation and/or income restoration 13,300 SUBTOTAL 63,700
1
Verify absence of complaints filed in grievance redressal mechanism, discuss with communities
3. Hooghly Sites, West Bengal Environmental Management Plan 25,000 Workshops for Communities re: Environmental Awareness 25,000 Compensation for relocation and/or income restoration 33,300
SUBTOTAL 83,300 4. Dhapa dumpsite, West Bengal -
Environmental Management Plan Workshops for Corn~nunities re: Environmental Awareness
' Detailed tirneline provided in complete ESA Report
Draft Environmental and Social Assessment Report ES-xvi
Environmrnr and Social Assessment Studv
Improving Safety, Livelihoods Options fur 500 Rag-pickers Awareness program 60,000 Skills training 100,000 Health protection material (gum boot, gloves, mask) 73,300
Compensation for income restoration 138,000 SUBTOTAL 413,300 Procurement of agencies for training, monitoring of site ESMPs 301,100 TOTAL RESOURCES 905.900
Final Environmental and Social Assessment Report ES-xvii
Environmental and Social Assessment Study
1. INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND
Rapid pace of urbanization has led to generation of large quantities of solid waste and hazardous waste in many cities of India. The rate of generation of waste has increased beyond the handling capacities of civic agencies responsible for collection and disposal of wastes. Usually, the civic agencies have been dumping the unsegregated waste into large open spaces or depressions in the outskirts of the cities. No environmental considerations have been given in designing and developing the existing operational landfill sites.
On the other hand, hazardous waste from industries, mines and other sources has degraded soil and water far beyond the self-cleaning capacity of the natural environment. There are several examples in various states, such as, Gujarat, Andhra Pradesh, Orissa, etc., where groundwater contamination exceeds the permissible limits.
Ministry of Environment and Forests (MoEF) has enacted Municipal Solid Waste Management Rules in 2000, which were subsequently amended to ensure proper system of collection, transportation and disposal of solid waste in India. The recent rulings1 of the Honourable Supreme Court of India on MSW mandated that every municipal authority shall ensure compliance with the Municipal Solid Waste Rules, 2000 (MSW Kules).
Similarly to manage hazardous waste (HW) that mainly consists of solid, semi-solid and othcr industrial wastes and is not covered by the, Water & Air Acts, and to enable the authorities to control handling, treatment, transport and disposal of such waste in an environmentally sound manner, MoEF has notified the Hazardous Waste (Management & Handling) Rules (HWM Rules) on July 28, 1989 under the provisions of the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986.These Rules were subsequently amended in the years 2000 and 2003.
In order to assist MOEF in strengthening the relevant solid and Hazardous Waste Management policies, regulations and institutional framework, Intercontinental Consultants and Technocrats Private Ltd (ICT) has been entrusted to carry out the Environmental & Social Assessment (ESA) study funded by the World Bmk.
1.2 OBJECTIVE OF THE ESA STUDY
As per the Terms of Reference (TOR), the principal objectives of the study are to:
i) Conduct an ESA that assists MoEF in strengthening the relevant policy, regulatory and institutional framework.
ii) Develop a safeguard framework for the area based sub-project and other investments based on applicable policies, regulations, norms and standards related to the implementation of area based approaches.
iii) Develop guidelines for environmentally assessing the types of sub-projects likely to be implemented in the various states as part of this project and for developing an Environmental Management Plan (EMP).
iv) On the basis of (ii) and (iii) prepare a framework for consultation whereby concerned stakeholders become part of the ESA and can be appropriately included in implementation plans and keep a detailed written record of all consultations.
I The rulings (W.P (civil) No.888-1996 Almitra.H.Pate1 v/s Union of India) of the Honorable Supreme Court of India on MSW mandated that every municipal authority shall, within the territorial area of the municipality, bc responsible for the implementation of the provisions of these Rules, as applicable to any infrastructure development for collection, storage, segregation, transportation, processing and disposal of municipal wastes.
Final Environmental and Social Assessment Report 1-1
Introduction
v) Conduct rapid assessment screening as part of due diligence procedures for all sub project sites in each State. Results of screening should establish a description of the area relevant to the polluted sites subject to project interventions-in line with the area based approach that includes the basic parameters related to the environmental, socio-economic and any legallpolitical aspects of the site. The screening also should ensure that environmental and social safeguards are properly implemented for each site.
1.3 SCOPE OF WORK
The scope of work includes:
a. Screening of sub project as per the EIA notification dated 14.09.2006
According to EIA notification common Hazardous waste treatment, storage and disposal facilities integrated with incineration & landfill or incineration facility alone will belong to category A, while all facilities having only landfill will belong to category B. The common municipal solid waste management facilities will fall under category B according to EIA notification 2006.
b. Environmental and Social Assessment (ESA)
c. Development of Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP)
Broadly, to fulfill the scope of work this study will cover:
Compilation of baseline data on the physical, biological and socio-economic environment followed by their analysis and interpretation. This will involve:
> An inventory of the significant environmental, socio-economic and demographic attributes in the study region
3 Defining the study area including the core area based on physical features and the likely impact zone.
3 ldentification of environmental attributes which represent a relatively degraded condition when compared to regulatory standards vis -a vis Evaluation of positive and negative impacts, temporary and permanent impacts, direct and indirect impacts and significant and insignificant impacts.
P Evaluation of the significance of impacts based on the magnitude, frequency and duration
> Identification of the impacts which are irreversible or cannot be avoided/ mitigated
> Analysis of the resulting environmental quality after the incremental changes due to the project, against the applicable regulatory standards
Preparation of Environmental & Social Management Plan (ESMP). The ESMP will contain the following:
3 Mitigation measures involving both the technical options and management practices to preventlmitigate adverse impacts.
3 Development of EMP and SMP.
3 Roles & responsibilities of State level agencies in implementing EMP and SMP
3 The capacity of the existing institutional set up will be assessed and the capacity building will be proposed, wherever necessary.
Public Consultation
P Public consultation with different stakeholders like civic bodies NGOs and rag pickers etc.
Final Environmental and Social Assessment Repon 1 -2
Environrnenlal and Social Assessment Sludy
Workshops
Workshops will be organized both at State and at National levels for different stakeholders, with the objective of sharing information with the stakeholders on the issues and challenges facing them and their mitigation measures.
Objective and scope of work is summarised in Figure-1.1.
Figure-1.1: Objective and Scope of Work
Conduct an ESA that assists MoEF.
Develop a safeguard framework.
Develop guidelines.
Prepare Framework for consultation
Conduct rapid assessment screening.
Screening of Sub Projects
Conduct ESA
Develop CSMP
Conduct stakeholders consultation
Conduct Workshops
Lay out of the Report
The ESA report is being structures as indicated below, in to seven chapters;
ES
Chapter1 - Chapter 2 -
Chapter 3 -
Chapter 4
Chapter 5 -
Chapter 6 -
Chapter7 -
Executive Summary
Introduction
Policy and Regulatory Framework
Methodology and Consultation
Environmental arid Social Management framework
Description of the proposed Project sites
Baseline and ESMP for Andhra Pradesh sites
Baseline and ESMP for West Bengal sites
e..
Final Environmental and Soc~al Assessment Report 1-3
Envrronmenral and Socral .lssessmenl Srudy
2. POLICY AND REGULATORY FRAMEWORK
2.1 INTRODUCTION
lndia is one of the first countries that has made constitutional provisions for protection and improvement of environment. In the Directive Principles of State Policy of the Constitution, (Article 48-A of Chapter IV) enjoins the State to make endeavor for protection and improvement of the environment and for safeguarding the forest and wildlife of the Country. In Article 5 1 A (g) of the Constitution, one of the fundamental duties of every citizen of India is to protect and improve the natural environment including forests, lakes, rivers and wildlife and to have compassion for living creatures. Government of lndia has enacted number of Acts to protect and improve the natural and social environment. The subsequent sections describe various policies and acts, which are applicable in the context of the present study.
2.2 NATIONAL POLICIES AND REGULATIONS
Actual regulatory regime related to environment started from 1972 with the enactment of The Indian Wildlife (Protection) Act 1972. Subsequently Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act in 1974 and the Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act in 1981 came into existence. These were intended to prevent, control and reduce pollution by giving powers to local authorities to monitor and regulate potentially polluting activities through issue of consents and levies. Later, the Environmental Protection Act was enacted in 1986, which provided the Central Government with powers to protect environment and to prevent, control and abate environmental pollution.
Ministry of Environment & Forests (MoEF) Government of lndia brought out the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Notification in 1994 under the provisions of the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 and it was amended in 2006 to include environmental consideration during design and planning stages of any developmental activity.
In order to manage hazardous waste (HW), and to enable the authorities to control handling, treatment, transport and disposal of waste in an environmentally sound manner, Ministry of Environment & Forests (MoEF), Government of India notified the Hazardous Waste (Management & Handling) Rules (HWM Rules) on July 28, 1989 under the provisions of the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986. This was amended in 2000 & 2003. Another set of Rules known as Municipal Solid Waste (Management and Handling) Rules, 2000 was notified in 2006.
These enactments are listed in Table 2.1, Chronological Order.
Tahle: 2.1: Applicable EnvironmentaI Laws & Regulations and Policies
I Sr. No 1 Title of Legislations
1 1 ( The Indian Wildlife (Protection) Act 1972, amended in 2003. 1
Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981
Environmental Protection Act, 1986
2
3
Hazardous Waste (Management & Handling) Rules (HWM Rules) 1989,
EIA Notification. 1994
The Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974
Forest Conservation Act 1980.
Environmental and Social Assessment 2- 1
8
9
The Municipal Solid Wastes (Management and Handling) Rules, 2000
Noise Pollution Regulation and Control (Amendment) Rules, 2000
Policy and Regulatory Framework
1 1 I EIA Notification, 2006
1 Sr. No
1 10
Closely associated with these policies and regulations are land acquisition, resettlement and rehabilitation issues and protection of national archaeological sites. Besides, particularly in the context of this study child labour is a pertinent matter and in this context, Child labour (Prohibition & Regulation) Act is of significance.
Title of Legislations
Bio-Medical Waste (Management and Handling) (Amendment) Rules, 2003.
These enactment and regulations are listed in Table 2.2.
Table: 2.2: Applicable Land Acquisition and R&R Policies
Title of Legislations
( 1 / Land Acquisition Act, 1894 amended 1984 1 2 National Resettlement and Rehabilitation Policy 2003
3 Andhra Pradesh policy on Resettlement And Rehabilitation for Project affected 1 families, 2005.
( 4 ( National Resettlement and Rehabilitation Policy 2007 1 5 Child Labour under the Child Labour (Prohibition and
6 National Archaeological Sites Prevention Acts
In addition, international convention and the World Bank's safeguard policy are also relevance for the present study.
2.3 ENVIRONMENTAL LAWS AND POLICIES
The environmental and social policies; acts and regulations relevant for this study, have been briefly described below.
2.3.1 The Indian Wildlife (Protection) Act 1972
Government of India enacted a comprzhensive legislation "Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972" with the objective of effective control of poaching and illegal trade in wildlife and its associated activities. This act has been amended in January, 2003 and punishment and penalty for offences under the Act have been made more stringent.
2.3.2 Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act 1974
This Act facilitates creation of a Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) at National level and State Pollution Control Boards (SPCBs) at State levels. It provides the State Boards, powers to make rules and specify water quality and effluent standards, which must be at least as stringent as those set by the CPCB to prosecute offenders, and to issue licenses for construction and operation of certain prescribed activities. This Act also provides for prevention and control of water pollution and the maintaining or restoring of quality of water.
2.3.3 Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980 Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980 with Amendments made in 1988. This act provides for provisions to conserve designated forests i.e. reserve forests, protected forests and tree cutting involved in developmental activity.
2.3.4 Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 198 1 This Act facilitates the State Boards, powers to make rules and to specify air quality and standards, which must be at least as stringent as those set by the CPCB, to prosecute offenders and to issue licenses for construction and operation of certain prescribed activities. This Act
- Environmental and Social Assessment
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Environmental and Socral Assessment S t u 4
provides for the prevention and control of air pollution and the maintaining or restoring of quality of air.
2.3.5 Environment (Protection) Act 1986
This is an umbrella legislation to provide for protection and improvement of environment. This Act prescribes specific definitions, which are to be used in all rules enacted under this Act. Some of the important definitions are;
a) "Environment" which encompasses water, air and land and the interrelationship which exists among and between water, air and land, and human beings, other living creatures, plants, micro-organisms and property; and
b) "Environmental pollutant" which means any solid, liquid or gaseous substance present in such concentration as may be, or tend to be, injurious to environment;
Under the Environment (Protection) Act 1986, the Central Government can make rules governing environmental pollutants (any liquid, solid or gaseous substance injurious to the environment including human health or property).
This Act provides power to the Central Government to take all such measures, as it deems necessary for the purpose of protecting and improving the quality of the environment and preventing and abating environmental pollution. The central government also has to lay down standards for emission or discharge of environmental pollutants from various sources with regard to the quality or composition of emission or discharge of environmental pollutants from such sources.
The Act makes it an offence to discharge pollutants in excess of prescribed standards and safeguards.
2.3.6 Hazardous Waste (Management & Handling) Rules 1989 and Amendments.
In order to manage hazardous waste (HW), that consists of solids, semi-solid and other industrial wastes which are not covered by the Water & Air Acts, and to enable the authorities to control handling, treatment, transport and disposal of waste in an environmentally sound manner, Ministry of Environment & Forests (MoEF). Government of India notified the Hazardous Waste (Management & Handling) Rules (HWM Rules) on July 28, 1989 under the provisions of the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 and the Rules were amended in 2000 and 2003. These amendments enable us to identify hazardous wastes by means of industrial processes and waste streams and also by way of concentration of specified constituents of the hazardous waste as laid down in schedule 1 & Schedule 11 of these rules. Categories of wastes banned for export and import have also been defined in Schedule-8. The procedure for registration of the recyclers Ireprocessors with environmentally sound facilities for processing waste categories such as used lead acid batteries, non-ferrous metal and used oil as contained in Schedule-4 and Schedule-5 respectively has also been laid down.
2.3.7 The Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)Notification, 1994 and 2006
In India, Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) has been formally introduced in 1994. As per EIA Notification of 1994 and its subsequent amendments, any organisation which desires to undertake any new project or expansion or modernisation of any existing industry or project require an environmental clearance from the Central or State Government. The clearance granted shall be valid for a period of five years from commencement of construction or operation of the project. No construction work, preliminary or otherwise. relating to the setting up of the project can be undertaken till the environmental andlor site clearance is obtained.
Since hazardous and Municipal Solid Waste management facilities require environmental
Environmental and Social Assessment 2-3
Policv and Reeulatorv Framework
clearance before operation as per EIA Notification an EIA study is required to be carried out.
2.3.8 Municipal Solid Waste (Management and Handling) Rules, 2000
As per Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) Rules 2000 every municipal authority shall, within the territorial area of the municipality, be responsible for implementation of the provision of these Rules, and for any infrastructure development for collection, storage segregation, transportation, processing and disposal of municipal solid wastes.
Salient features and guidelines concerning development of sanitary landfills that need to be taken care of under the Rules are described below.
Land filling shall be restricted to non-biodegradable, inert waste and other waste that are not suitable either for recycling or for biological processing. Land filling shall also be carried out for residues of waste processing facilities as well as pre-processing rejects from waste processing facilities. Land filling of mixed waste shall be avoided unless the same is found unsuitable for waste processing.
Landfill sites shall be away fi-om habitation clusters, forest areas, water bodies, monuments, national parks, wetlands and places of important cultural, historical or religious interest.
A buffer zone of no development shall be maintained around landfill site.
Landfill site shall be away from airport including airbase. Necessary approval of airport or air base authorities prior to the setting up of the landfill site shall be obtained in cases where the site is to be located within 20 km of an airport or air base.
Accessibility to the site through roads for vehicles, water and sanitary facilities and shelters.
Appropriate design of the landfill to prevent groundwater contamination by lining bonom and top covers, to collect leachates and its treatment, to collect landfill gas etc.
Adequate and appropriate provisions to prevent surface and sub-surface water pollution and migration to other neighboring water resources.
Adopting monitoring and pollution control measures during various stages of Sanitary Land Fill (SLF) development.
2.3.9 Noise Pollution (Regulation and Control) Rules, 2000
Ministry of Environment and Forest (MoEF) Government of India considered it necessary to regulate and control noise and generating sources with the objective of maintaining the ambient air quality standards in respect of noise. Keeping this objective in mind MoEF enacted Noise Pollution (Regulation and Control) Rules, 2000 which regulates the increasing ambience of noise level in public places from various sources, inter-alia, industrial activity, construction activity, generator sets, loud speakers, public address systems, music systems, vehicular horns and other mechanical devices that have deleterious effects on human health and the psychological well being of the people.
2.3.10 Bio-Medical Waste (Management and Handling) 1998 and Amendments
With a view to control the indiscriminate disposal of hospital and bio medical waste, the Ministry of Environment & Forest, Government of India has issued a notification on Bio Medical Waste Management under the Environment (Protection) Act.
These Rules apply to hospitals, nursing homes, veterinary hospitals, animal houses, pathological laboratories & blood banks generating hospital wastes. (except such occupier of
Fnvlronmental and Social Assessment 2-1
Environmenral and Social Assessmenr Srudy
clinics, dispensaries, pathological labs, blood banks providing treatment/service to less than 1000 (one thousand) patients per month).
It is the duty of the every occupier of an institution generating bio medical waste to take all steps to ensure-that such waste is handled without any adverse effect to human health and environment.
2.3.11 East Kolkata Wetlands (Conservation and Management) Act 2006
Following the declaration of the East Kolkata Wetlands (EKW) as a Ramsar Protected site in 2002, The Government of West Bengal (GoWB) formed the EKW Management authority, chaired by the Chief Secretary of GoWB, under the East Kolkata Wetlands (Conservation and Management Act 2006), to conserve and manage the EKW. This authority is also mandated to formulate a "wise use" management plan for the protection of the EKW. Any proposed development in the EKW will need permission from this authority as overall management and monitoring responsibilities of EKW lie with EKW management Authority.
2.4 LAND ACQUISITION CHILD ACT, LABOUR POLICY AND R&R POLICY
2.4.1 Land Acquisition Act, 1894 amended 1984
In case of any land acquisition, Land Acquisition Act (LAA) 1894 and its subsequent amendment in 1984 are applicable, which has the provisions to ensure that no person is deprived of land except under LAA and entitles Affected Persons (APs) to a hearing before acquisition.
2.4.2 National R&R Policy 2007
Government of India announced the new National Policy on Resettlement and Rehabilitation (R&R) on 11 October 2007. The new policy states that wherever possible, projects should be non-displacing. It also adds that the promoters of projects should come up with alternative sites when making requests for acquisition. Only the minimum area of land commensurate with the purpose of the project may be acquired. Also, as far as possible project may be set up on waste, degraded or unirrigated land. It adds that before taking up project, government should consider options that would minimise displacement of people. This policy states that Social Impact Assessment (SIA) will be necessary for projects causing "involuntary displacementfi-meaning displacement of people unwilling to move-of at least 400 families in plains and 200 families in hills. The policy lays down that the community to be displaced will have be to kept informed at every stage through public hearings, notices to panchayats and newspaper advertisements. This policy also states that while undertaking a SIA, the appropriate government shall, inter alia, take into consideration the impact that the project will have on public and community properties, assets and infrastructure; particularly, roads, public transport, drainage, sanitation, sources of safe drinking water, sources for drinking water for cattle, community ponds, grazing lands, plantations; public utilities, such as, post offices, fair price shops, etc; food storage godowns, electricity supply, health care facilities, schools and educationaI1 training facilities, places of worship, land for traditional tribal institutions, burial and cremation grounds, etc." The new policy prohibits transferring land acquired for public purpose for any activity that is not for public benefit. However, this can be done only with the government's approval. If the acquired land transferred to a private company remains unutilised for five years or more, it will revert to the state. Also, if the land is sold or transferred, 80 per cent of any net unearned income shall be shared with the persons from whom the land was acquired.
The salient features of National Rehabilitation and Resettlement policy relevant for this study are as follows.
Minimise displacement and promote, as far as possible, non-displacing or least displacing alternatives
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Ensure adequate rehabilitation package and expeditious implementation of the rehabilitation process with the active participation of the affected families
Ensure that special care is. taken for protecting the rights of the weaker sections of society, especially members of the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled ~ r i b e s ' , and to create obligations on the State for their treatment with concern and sensitivity
Provide a better standard of living, making concerted efforts for providing sustainable income to the affected families
Integrate rehabilitation concerns into the development planning and implementation process; and where displacement is on account of land acquisition, to facilitate harmonious relationship between the project proponent and affected families through mutual cooperation
2.4.3 Child Labour under the Child Labour (Prohibition and Regulation) Act of 1986
The Child Labour Act bans employment of children below 14 years of age. It also lays down penalties for employment of children in violation of the provisions of this Act, and other Acts which forbid the employment of children; The Act extends to the whole of India.
2.4.4 National Archaeological sites prevention Acts
The Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Sites and Remains Act, 1958
In order to bring the legislation on par with constitutional provisions and providing better and effective preservation to the archaeological wealth of the country, The Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Sites and Remains Act 1958 ( No 24 of 1958) was enacted on 28th August 1958. This Act provides for preservation of ancient and historical monuments and archaeological sites and remains of national importance, for regulation of archaeological excavations and for protection of sculptures, carvings and other like objects. Subsequently, the Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Sites and Remains Rules 1959 were framed. The Act along with Rules came into force with effect from 15 October 1959. This Act repealed The Ancient and Historical Monuments and Archaeological Sites and Remains (Declaration of National Importance) Act, 1951
Tlr e Antiquities and Art Treasures Act, 19 72
The Antiquities and Art Treasures Act 1972 (No. 52 of 1972) is the latest Act enacted on 9th September 1972 for effective control over the moveable cultural property consisting of antiquities and art treasures. The Act regulates export trade in antiquities and art treasures, provides for prevention of smuggling of, and fraudulent dealings in, antiquities, authorise compulsory acquisition of antiquities and art treasures for preservation in public places and provides for certain other matters connected therewith or incidental or ancillary thereto. This Act was supplemented with The Antiquities and Art Treasure Rules 1973. The Act and Rules have been in force with effect from 5th April 1976. This legislation repealed The Antiquities Export Control Act, 1947 (Act No. XXXI of 1947).
' The ST population within the project influence area under this study is not in significant number. Moreover, those who belong to ST categories and located within the project influence area are not distinctive but rather integrated with the other modern dominant population of the state. The ST groups of the prqject area have free social interaction with mainstream population. The ST share their source of water, folklore, food, infrastructure and other belongings with the outside community. Moreover, these groups are also open to new ideas like family planning and formal education. The prqject impact will not be different for these people and will not severely affect their present socio-economic status; hence, no Indigenous People plan is required.
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The Treasure Trove Act, 1878
The Indian Treasure Trove Act, 1878 (Act No. VI of 1878) was promulgated to protect and preserve treasure found accidentally but having the archaeological and historical value. This Act was enacted to protect and preserve such treasures and their lawful disposal. In a landmark development in 1886, James Burgess, the then Director General succeeded in prevailing upon the Government for issuing directions forbidding any person or agency to undertake excavation without prior consent of the Archaeological Survey and debarring officers from disposing of antiquities found or acquired without the permission of the Government.
2.5 LEGISLATIVE LINKAGE
A diagrammatic presentation is given in figure 2.lshowing the relevance and linkages for proper and effective management of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) sites and Hazardous Waste (HW) sites within the given policy and legislative framework outlined in the proceeding paragraphs.
EIA I Notrfications
I _- -\
- -- - .- -
I HW Rules 1 19891 ----- /-- ie~ec t~on .- 1 M I ~ ~ ~ f e ~ c t
MSW Rules 2003 i HW I MSW S~te, 1972
L-
-- --- Air. Water and - I No~se Act
/- -~ ' ~ - ~ ~ ~~ -- -
I HW Rules I 20001 ,' Operation of
1 MSW Rules 2003 -i.\ HW I MSW Site L ~ .. --- - .
1' Rernedratron I , 1 Air Water EIA I Norse Act 1 closure of 1 Notrficat~on ---- HW I MSW S~te, -
,.---/
/' , R & R P O I ~ C ~ > \
,& Land ~ c ~ u ~ s ~ t ~ o n , '
Fig. 2.1: Diagrammatic Presentation of Legislations
2.6 WORLD BANK GUIDELINES FOR ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL ASSESSMENT
The objective of these policies is to prevent and mitigate undue harm to people and the environment in the development process. These policies provide guidelines for both the Bank and the borrower in identification, preparation, and implementation of programmes and projects. The effectiveness and development impact of projects and programmes supported by the Bank has substantially increased as a result of attention to these policies. Safeguard policies have often provided a platform for participation of stakeholders in project design, and have been an important instrument for building ownership among local population. Environmental Assessment is one of the 10 environmental, social, and legal Safeguard Policies of the World Bank. Environmental Assessment is used by the World Bank to
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Policy and Regulatory Framework
identify, avoid, and mitigate the potential negative environmental impacts associated with Bank lending operations.
2.6.1 Categorisation of projects by World Bank
The Bank undertakes environmental screening of each proposed project to determine the appropriate extent and type of Environmental Assessment (EA) needed. The Bank classifies the proposed project into one of four categories, depending on the type, location, sensitivity, and scale of the project, as well as the nature and magnitude of its potential environmental impacts.
The World Bank's OD 4.01 "Environmental Assessment" of October 3, 1991 indicates the kind of projects which are categorized as "A" projects and for which a detailed environmental assessment (EA) is required. These projects include most of those having large population displacement impacts. Category B projects do not require a detailed EA but do require some environmental analysis. Category C projects do not require environmental analysis.
A detailed EA is required if a project is likely to have significant adverse impacts that may be sensitive, irreversible, and diverse. The impacts are likely to be comprehensive, broad, sector- wide, or precedent-setting. Impacts generally result from a major component of the project and affect the area as a whole or an entire sector (quoted from OD 4.01). The following list is illustrative of Category A projects:
Dams and reservoirs;
Forestry production projects;
Industrial plants (large-scale) and industrial estates;
Irrigation, drainage, and flood control (large-scale);
Land clearance and leveling;
Mineral development (including oil and gas);
Port and harbor development;
Reclamation and new land development;
Resettlement and all projects with potentially major impacts on people;
River basin development;
Thermal and hydropower development; and
Manufacture, transportation, and use of pesticides or other hazardous andlor toxic materials.
Category B Projects are ones in which the project may have adverse environmental impacts that are less significant than category A impacts. Few if any, of these impacts are irreversible. The impacts are not as sensitive, numerous, major, or diverse as category A impacts; remedial measures can be more easily designed. Preparation of a mitigation plan suffices for many category B projects. Few category B projects would have a separate environmental report; most may be discussed in a separate chapter of the project preparation or feasibility study (quoted from OD 4.0 1). Examples of Category B projects are:
Agro-industries (small-scale);
Electrical transmission;
Aquaculture and mariculture;
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Irrigation and drainage (small-scale);
Renewable energy;
Rural electrification;
Tourism;
Rural water supply and sanitation;
Watershed projects (management or rehabilitation); and
Rehabilitation, maintenance, and upgrading projects (small-scale)
An EA or environmental analysis is normally not required for Category C projects because the project is unlikely to have adverse impacts. Professional judgment finds the project to have negligible, insignificant, or minimal environmental impacts (OD 4.01). Category C projects might be:
Education,
Family planning,
Health,
Nutrition,
Institutional development,
Technical assistance, and
Most human resource projects.
Social analysis is a part of the EA process, and resettlement is one of five topics that the OD 4.01 requires, where they are relevant, be explicitly addressed in an EA. The five topics are: involuntary resettlement, new land settlement, induced development, indigenous peoples, and cultural property (the World Bank's
2.6.2 World Bank Safeguard Policies
The Environmental and Social safeguard policies that may be triggered due to proposed remediation work of Solid and Hazardous waste sites are as follows.
Operational Policy 4.04, Natural Habitats: seeks to ensure that World Bank-supported infrastructure and other development projects take into account the conservation of biodiversity, as well as the numerous environmental services and products which natural habitats provide to human society. The policy strictly limits the circumstances under which any Bank-supported project can damage natural habitats (land and water areas where most of the native plant and animal species are still present).
Operational PolicyIBank Procedure 4.11, Physical Cultural Resources: Cultural resources are important as sources of valuable historical and scientific information, as assets for economic and social development, and as integral parts of a people's cultural identity and practices. The loss of such resources is irreversible, but fortunately, it is often avoidable.
The objective of OPIRP 4.1 1 on Physical Cultural Resources is to avoid, or mitigate, adverse impacts on cultural resources from development projects that the World Bank finances involuntary taking of land and involuntary restrictions of access to legally designated parks and protected areas. The policy aims to avoid involuntary resettlement to the extent feasible, or to minimize and mitigate its adverse social and economic impacts.
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Policy and Regulatory Framework
It promotes participation of displaced people in resettlement planning and implementation, and its key economic objective is to assist displaced persons in their efforts to improve or at least restore their incomes and standards of living after displacement.
The policy prescribes compensation and other resettlement measures to achieve its objectives and requires that borrowers prepare adequate resettlement planning instruments prior to Bank appraisal of proposed projects.
Operational Procedures (OP) 4.12, Involuntary Resettlement: For Resettlement and Rehabilitation the World Bank's policy on involuntary resettlement Operational Procedures (OP) 4.12 will be applicable. The salient features of OP 4.12 are as follows:
People unavoidably displaced should be compensated and assisted, so that their economic and social future would be generally as favourable as it would have been in the absence of the project
Any involuntary resettlement should, as far as possible, be conceived and executed as a part of a development project or program and resettlement plans should be prepared as appropriate time bound actions and budgets. Resettlers should be provided sufficient resources and opportunities to re-establish their homes and livelihoods as soon as possible
People affected should be informed fully and consulted on resettlement and compensation options
Existing social and cultural institutions of resettlers and their hosts should be supported and used to the greatest extent possible, and resettlers should be integrated economically and socially into host communities
OPIBP 4.10, Indigenous Peoples: The World Bank policy on indigenous peoples, OPIBP 4.10, Indigenous Peoples, underscores the need for Borrowers and Bank staff to identify indigenous peoples, consult with them, ensure that they participate in, and benefit from Bank- funded operations in a culturally appropriate way - and that adverse impacts on them are avoided, or where not feasible, minimized or mitigated.
Operational Policy (OP)/Bank Procedure (BP) 7.60: Projects in Disputed Areas may affect the relations between the Bank and its borrowers, and between the claimants to the disputed area. Therefore, the Bank will only finance projects in disputed areas when either there is no objection from the other claimant to the disputed area, or when the special circumstances of the case support Bank financing, notwithstanding the objection. The policy details those special circumstances.
2.7 BASEL CONVENTION 1980
India is a signatory to Basel Convention held in late 1980s. Basel Convention is an international treaty that was designed to reduce the movements of hazardous waste between nations, and specifically to prevent transfer of hazardous waste from developed to less developed countries (LDCs). The Convention is also intended to minimize the amount and toxicity of wastes generated, to ensure their environmentally sound management as closely as possible to the source of generation, and to assist LDCs in environmentally sound management of the hazardous and other wastes they generate.
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3. METHODOLOGY AND CONSULTATION
3.1 INTRODUCTION
The baseline environmental and social status was assessed through primary and secondary data collected through on-site field survey and collection of existing data and reports from various departments, which include State Pollution Control Boards, Central Pollution Control Board, Municipal Corporations, Department of Environment and Forest, Department of Agriculture, State Groundwater Boards, Department of Public Health, Published Research Reports etc. Data was also collected through structured socio economic survey, preliminary public consultation, consultations with NGOs and with other stakeholders. The general method and approach followed for different aspects of the study are described in the following section.
3.2 APPROACH
The study has been carried out through three stages: Review, Analysis, and Recommendations.
Review stage entailed desk review and assessment of sub-projects and project sites. Analysis stage involved screening of project sites and analysis of the site findings. Recommendation stage covers development and preparation of guidelines for EMP. Approach to the study is diagrammatically presented in Fig- 3.1.
1 Tasks I
Desk Review Basellne information collection of sub projects Flndings
Public Consultation/
' Identification of key V) environmental and social Findings Bom k W Environmental
d u , problems 3 d Screening of Sub Project & social V)
' Screenine W
% Sites and Analysis of Site & observations
I
Formulation of mitigation measures
Recommendation Development of ESMP for sub project sites
Draft ESA Stage Report
L)evelopment of I EMPISMP Guidelines 1 I ). r Feedback 1
Comments from I client , 1
Fig-3.1: Approach
- Environmental and Social Assessrnrnt
3- 1
Methodology and Consultation
3.3 METHODOLOGY
Keeping in mind the objectives and scope of work, following methodology has been adopted:
Desk Review by Experts
Review of existing data, studies, and reports prepared b y the Government, Non Governmental Organisations, media, Bank and other donors regarding environmental, social, political, economic, health and other aspects of industrial pollution and municipal solid and hazardous waste management on local stakeholders.
Review of existing WB and Government of India policies relevant to CBIPM
Review the current situation in industrial pollution and hazardous and solid waste management sector. This included the relevant national policies, regulations and standards. Beside this, the Central Government EIA notification, Hazardous Waste Management Rules, Solid Waste Management Rules, National Rehabilitation and Resettlement Policy, International Regulations and the World Bank Policies related to sub projects are reviewed.
Screening of Sub Project Sites
On the basis of criteria given in EIA Notification 2006, the sub project sites of West Bengal and Andhra Pradesh do not meet conditions of Category A project. However, as per the guidelines given by World Bank all these Municipal Solid Waste and Hazardous waste remediation projects fall under Category A.
Desk top review of project sites
Review the work done by the other two consultants for Hooghly, Dhapa, Noor Mohammad Kunta and Kadapa site. Besides this, reports provided by APPCB, on Noor Mohammad Kunta and information provided by Kadapa Municipal Corporation on Kadapa MSW site has been thoroughly reviewed.
In case of West Bengal sites, all data and records provided by WBPCB and Kolkata Municipal Corporation and other government department has been reviewed.
Collection of site-specific data through survey, visual observation, consultation and due diligence of sub projects.
The tools used for data collection were questionnaires and forms, consultation workshops and visual observation. The methodology followed in field work is presented below.
o Baseline Survey:
A socio economic profile of the project-affected area and population is essential to create database and develop indicators for the evaluation of the environmental and social impacts. To understand the socio-economic context of the proposed project and for providing necessary inputs for social analysis of the project, relevant baseline data on socio-economic and cultural conditions was collected.
Further, a representative sample of 10 percent from each site was selected using Simple Random Sampling method, before using the prepared questionnaires to collect primary data.
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o Key Informant Interviews
Various stakeholders and key persons involved in the project site were consulted during study. These stake holders were mainly the officials of Municipalities, State Pollution Coztr91 Board, staff members of NGOs working on Environmental & Waste Issues, kc to r s practicing near project area and other knowledgeable persons residing in the project area.
o Preliminary Public Consultations
Group public consultations were organised at different locations in and around the landfill site. Participation was ensured from various groups of stakeholders. These included people residing in the nearby areas, rag pickers, staff working at landfill site, agricultural labourers, small-scale business owners in project area, etc.
Various dimensions of the project were shared with the participants. It was then followed by a detailed discussion. A questionnaire (specifically designed for public consultation) was used to record the collected information.
o Other methods adopted:
P Rag pickers Survey:
Rag pickers who work at landfill sites were interviewed with the help of a structured questionnaire. A sample of 10-65 numbers of rag pickers was selected.
P Consultations with officials of various Government Departments.
Meetings were organised with the officials of various government departments in order to collect information relevant to the project, and included Department of Groundwater, Department of Environment and Forest, Department of Economics and Statistics, Department of Public Health, Department of Meteorology, etc.
P Consultation with NGO :
Meetings were also organised with the staff members of NGO working in the areas of environment, solid and hazardous waste management etc.
P Preparation of Draft ESA report
The Environmental and Social data collected by above said methodology was reviewed and analysed. Based on finding and facts related to social and environmental issues, baseline information was prepared. Keeping in mind all remediation activities, impacts were identified for each activity during remediation and post remediation phases. Mitigation measures were prepared by considering the Environmental and Social Framework and finally Environment and Social Management Plan (ESMP) has been prepared.
P Meeting with MoEF and World Bank
During the study regular interaction with MOEF and Bank Staff was done in order to get their feedback. All their valuable suggestions and advice were followed during field work and preparation of ESA and EMP reports of West Bengal and Andhra Pradesh.
P Public consultations and dissemination of ESNEMP Guidelines
Formal public consultations will be organized by respective pollution control boards for each site. The venue, date and time will be finalized by SPCB. Wide dissemination of the draft ESA report will be done before public consultation through various modes There will be extensive advertisement
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Methodology and Consultation
about these consultations at least one month in advance nf tticse consultations. The guideline for public consultation is pivc.: ;ii ~nnexure-3.1 of this report. These consultations will be h.12 ill order to get feedback from various stakeholders and I m v i . e the working of remediation activities. These consultati-de Z~eetlngs will target key stakeholders, includ~ng local go-:<~nment bodies, NGOs, community groups such as Local Area Environmental Committees and Universities and Research Institutions.
>. Preparation of ESA and EMP
Final Draft ESA and EMP have been prepared for submission.
3 Preparation of Final report
Reports and deliverables will be finalised after incorporation of comments and suggestions received from MoEF and Bank.
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h i r o n m e n t and Social Assessment Stu&
4. ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT FRAMEWORK
4.1 INTRODUCTION
The project will support the efforts of Government of India as also the State Governments of Andhra Pradesh and West Bengal in remediation of the Hazardous and Municipal Solid Waste sites in these states. The project will include significant amount of cleaning and development of these sites into areas of high environmental value and involve involuntary resettlement, temporary land acquisition, impact on religious properties and permanent change in land use pattern. In order to deal with the adverse impacts, preparation of environmental and social management framework has been undertaken. This framework describes the objectives and approach to be followed in minimizing and mitigating the adverse environmental and social impacts likely to be caused as a result of implementation of remediation and post remediation activities.
This chapter details the potential impact of any action that may be taken for remediation of the Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) sites of Dhapa in Kolkata and Akkayapalli in Kadapa and the Hazardous Waste (HW) sites of Hooghly Industrial area in Hooghly and Noor Mohammad Kunta in Hyderabad. The remediation process may have impacts on the physical, biological and social environments during its closure and post-closure stages. Analysis of environmental and social impacts has been carried out based on the proposition of stages, activities, scenarios and applicable time horizons. The impact of site remediation may be regarded as both temporary and permanent with various levels of significance and generally negative, whereas post-remediation impacts are more likely to be permanent and positive. Evaluation of sites has been carried out in the context of location and activities. Furthermore, the environmental impacts have been discussed, keeping in mind the remediation activities and environmental components to be affected by these activities.
4.2 PROJECT CATEGORY
According to the Ministry of Environment and Forest (MoEF), all common hazardous waste treatment, storage and disposal facilities integrated with incineration facilities or incineration facilities alone will fall under category A project. All other facilities including common municipal solid waste management facilities (CMSWMF) will fall under Category B. Besides this criterion, general conditions will apply for final categorization of project. General conditions are as follows:
Any project or activity specified in Category 'B' will be treated as Category A, if located in whole or in part within 10 krn from the boundary o f
Protected Areas notified under the Wild Life (Protection) Act, 1972,
Critically Polluted areas as notified by the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) from time to time,
Notified Eco-sensitive areas,
Inter-State boundaries and international boundaries
Municipal Solid Waste Sites of Dhapa in Kolkata and Akkayapalli in Kadapa and Hazardous Waste sites of Hooghly Industrial area in Hooghly and Noor Mohammad Kunta in Hyderabad are not located within 10 Km from the boundary of:
any protected area notified under Wildlife (Protection) Act 1972
any critically polluted area notified by CPCB
notified Eco-sensitive areas
inter-State boundaries and international boundaries
-- - .
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Envrronmental and Soclal Management Framework
However, according to World Bank Guidelines, a proposed project is classified as Category A if it is likely to have significant adverse environmental impacts that are sensitive, diverse, or unprecedented. These impacts may affect an area broader than the sites or facilities subject to physical works. As all projects affect an area broader than the sites or facilities subject to physical works, all these HW and MSW remediation projects falls under Category A as per the World Bank guidelines.
4.3 OBJECTIVE OF ESMF
The present Environment and Social Management Framework (ESMF) details the agreed policies, guidelines, and procedures to be integrated into the implementation of the Bank- Supported MSW and HW sites remediation projects in the States of Andhra Pradesh and West Bengal.
Good environmental and social management practice is a well-established element of project preparation and implementation. Development of ESMF therefore attempts to respond to the needs o f remediation and the benefits provided by it and seek to:
Enhance positive and sustainable environmental and social outcomes associated with project implementation;
Support displaced persons in their efforts to restore their livelihoods and living standards and compensate any loss of livelihood or assets;
Enhance positive environmental and social impacts;
Minimise Environmental and Social adverse impacts;
Protect Human Health
Minimise impacts on cultural, religious and archaeological properties;
Comply with applicable laws and regulations and with relevant policies of the Bank on environmental and social development issues.
4.4 ROLES. RESPONSlBILlTIES AND MANAGEMENT FRAMEWORK
As with Andhra Pradesh Pollution Control Board and West Bengal Pollution Control Board in the pilot States, State Pollution Control Boards (SPCBs) will be the implementing agencies for the respective states. The primary responsibility for compliance with the Environmental and Social Framework will rest with these Boards. Implementing agencies need additional support in the form of detailed remediation plan, or any other subproject studies that are required. The SPCBs will designate ESMF coordinators as may be necessary, for overseeing the implementation and monitoring o f the ESMF.
During project supervision, the PIU World Bank will assess the implementation of ESMF and recommend additional measures for strengthening the management framework and implementation performance. The reporting framework, screening procedures and preparation o f management and mitigation plans will be discussed and agreed by the Bank team and implementing agencies during the early part o f project implementation.
The ESMF will take into consideration environmental and pollution aspects of the project, issues of resettlement and land acquisition, rehabilitation and income restoration, Indigenous people, Cultural & Religious properties and archaeological sites. The synopsis of environmental and social regulations under those provisions Environmental and Social Management plan will be implemented is given in Chapter-2 o f this report.
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4.5 IMPLEMENTATION ARRANGEMENTS
The State Pollution Control Boards of respective states are responsible for the implementation of the provisions made within the EMP through PIU. The services of a supervisory consultant will be procured to assist the PIU for monitoring the environmental aspects of the project during implementation. The Organisation chart for implementation arrangements is shown in Figure - 4.1.
Figure - 4.1: Proposed Organisation Char t
Member Secretary World Bank Pollution ControI 1 Board
Project Director
Supporting Staff
In House Lab FacilityiExtemal Monitoring Lab
Environmental Scientist Social Expert
Environmental and Social Experts of Supervision Consultants.
Supporting NGO's 1-r-7 Environmental r?T Officer (Contractor)
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Environmental and Social Management Framework -- -
4.6 TIME FRAME FOR ESMP IMPLEMENTATION
ESMP implementation will commence one month prior to the awarding of civil contracts for site works and will continue through completion of post-remediation environmental and social monitoring. The time frame for implementation with all these technical stages of remediation is given in Table-4.1 below.
Table: 4.1 - Provisional Timeframe for ESMP Implementation
5 months after negotiations
Technical Stage during Remediation
1 month after project negotiations
2 months after project negotiations
3.5 months after negotiations
4 months after negotiations
after negotiations
/ 7 months after negotiations
---
Social-Environmental Management Measures
Develop TORS + RFPs for NGO teams (4) dealing with SMPs at each site incorporate ESMP from ESA; references in project legal document regarding ESMP implementation responsibilities
-
SPCBs send out RFPs for 4 NGO teams for soc~al issues.
Bidding documents received; review bidding documents to verify compliance with ESMP requirements for implementation, including cost provisions
Grievance redress mechan~sms for all sites in place
NGO teams are signing of contract provisions for implementation
-Prepare plans for cards to PAPS communications specialist
Responsible Party
- - SPCBs, under supervision of MoEF and World Bank
SPCBs
SPCBs
SPCBs
-Prepare arrangements for income restoration in collaboration with SPCBIMunicipal Commissioner
-Prepare training plans for different groups of people among PAPs
- Prepare content for community awareness workshops
-Verifj, list of PAPsIincome restoration recipients;
NGO teams, under supervision of SPCB soclenv specialist:
-Hold healthlrights awareness (
- Cut-off date for PAP eligibility; process ID cards
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PIU communications specialist
Envrronnzent and Social Assessmen/ Stu&
workshops for PAPs; NGOs identify who wants training in first phase and subsequent phases, and who will continue rag-picking until final dumpsite closes (Dhapa)
-Hold first broader community awareness workshops
-Identify local community groups to participate in monitoring
8 months after negotiations: (before implementation of site works commences)
Throughout remediation of sites
- Relevant PAPS relocated and compensated, according to RAPS
- Begin distribution of all other compensationIincome restoration packages for adult PAPs
- Compensation to former child PAPs' families occurs via monthly stipend after NGO verifies hll-time school attendance: 12 months, according to SMPs
- Training in job skills, financial management begins; 6-month training program for first batch of PAPs
- PAPs who may continue as ragpickers (Dhapa) receive safety equipment
- Grievance redress mechanism staff meet with SPCB once per month
--
-Supervision specialist conducts random field checks throughout
- Skills training continues for total 2 years
- NGOs facilitate job acquisition for trained PAPS
- PIU verifies there are no complaints filed in grievance redress mechanism or fully addresses any complaints
- Grievance mech. staff continues monthly meetings at SPCB throughout Yr 1 and Yr 2; throughout Yr 3-5 have semi- annual meetings.
NGO teams;
SPCBsIDistrict Commissioner (holding funds)
SPCB PIU EnvISocial specialist
-NGO teams
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Remediation works completion I-
- NoC for setting up Diesel Generator sets used for power backup.
- Permission for Storage, handling, and transportation of Hazardous material from SPCB.
-Pollution under control certificate under motor vehicle act for all vehicles used for remediation.
-In case of soil being procured , from private land then NoC required from land owner. If soil is used from government land then permission certificate from that govt. agency.
-Restoration plan for borrow area should be prepared by remediation contractor.
- Permission from Central Ground Water board for setting up bore well for remediation purpose.
-Labor license from labor department in order to hire labor for remediation.
-Proper disposal of waste water from labor camp.
-In case of blasting permission from mine concern mine department.
- Environmental Monitoring will be carried out at locations which will be finalized by contractor in consultation with Environmental Expert of PlU.
-The frequency and no of locations have been given in ESMP section of this report
-Verify absence of complaints filed in grievance redressal mechanism, discuss with communities.
-
SPCB
-Monitoring of air, soil, noise water in order to evaluate environmental conditions after remediation works completes.
Envtronmental and Social Assessment -
Environment and Social Assessment Study
4.7 PROCESS FLOW CHART FOR SMP IMPLEMENTATION
ESMP implementation will consists of various processes throughout remediation activities. All these ESMP processes are linked with each other. The linkage of these processes has been described in process flow chart given below in Figure-4.2.
Figure 4.2:- SMP Process Flow Chart FOR CBIMP
Project Implementation Unit
(PIU) SPCB
Grievance rl- Community
work shops
awareness
Identification ? Distribution of PPE and
awareness workshop for 1 training for Rag 1 1 l i v e l i h o ~ 1 1 rag pickers reg. health
and entitlement under
RPI (As defined hv Gnvt
............................ Parents 1 Guardians
of working children's
after assuring full
time school
Environmental and Social Assessment 4-7
Environmental and Social Manaaement Framework
4.8 PROJECT LEVEL ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL REVIEWS
Most of the project activities have environmental and social impacts that are generic in nature and easily mitigated through standards and codes. Project activities that carry a higher risk of environmental and social disruptions and/or impacts, should be the subject of environmental and/or social reviews as the key management tool for identification of necessary mitigation measures in accordance with the prevailing legal framework and the Bank Safeguard policies. The terms of reference for such reviews will be developed by the PMU.
4.9 ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT PLANS FOR SCALING UP
The outcome of environmental and social reviews will be an Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP) for each site. A more generic form of what ESMPs should cover is presented below as a guideline, in Table 4.4, for future reference, in case it is decided that project approaches will be scaled up and new sites beyond the four pilot sites in AP and West Bengal, will be taken up for remediation.
4.10 CONSULTATION AND DISCLOSURE
ESMF is based on a strong participatory approach in undertaking all key activities in the site remediation program. The implementing agencies will make all reasonable efforts to consult relevant stakeholders (including the affected communities and NGOs especially for subprojects with potentially significant environmental and social impacts) in the implementation of the site remediation activities, incorporate local communities needs and resolve conflicts. The Government will ensure that affected people are consulted in a meaningful way and allowed to participate actively in the consultation process. The consultation will be carried out in a way, which is appropriate for cultural, gender based and other differences among stakeholders. The implementing agencies will initiate these consultations as early as possible, and provide relevant material in a timely manner prior to consultation. The views and needs of the vulnerable groups will be given due consideration.
4.1 1 COMPONENTS LIKELY TO BE AFFECTED
The potential impact of site remediation measures at all four sites has been ascertained on the basis of our findings from the detailed surveys and informal, preliminary public consultations that were carried out on site, as well as from information collected from APPCB, WBPCB and the feasibility studies carried out by two other consultants. Generic impacts on natural environment, man-made environment, and social environment during remediation phases have been given in Table 4.2 (see below), and post-remediation impacts have been presented in Table 4.3. The impacts have been categorized as follows:
Direct and Induced,
Low Significance, Medium Significance and High Significance,
Negative and Positive,
Permanent and Temporary
The significance of Impacts has been defined on a scale of 1-10, in which impacts rated 0-3 are low, 3-6 are medium, and more then 6 are highly significant.
Rased on Environmental and Social Management Planning of the remediation project in the pilot states of Andhra Pradesh and West Bengal, an Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) has been prepared in order to minimize adverse impacts and maximize
Environmental and Social Assessment 3-8
Environment arid Social Assessment Stuajy
positive impacts during project implementation on sites subsequent to the four pilot sites in AP and West Bengal, in the event that the project is scaled up.
4.12 ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT BUDGET
The cost of Environmental and Social Management ESM has been calculated considering following components:
Environmental Monitoring;
Social Development Cost;
Compensation for livelihood cost.
Environment monitoring cost was calculated based on the site specific environmental issues. The Social development cost was calculated for affected population. For cost calculation purpose it is proposed that two workshops in project affected area will be organised in each year for a period of five years. We assume it will cost Rs.90, 000 (US$ 4000) for organising one workshop in Andhra Pradesh and Rs.112500 (US$ 5000) in West Bengal for Environmental and Social awareness. The other component of Social development cost was rehabilitation cost for rag pickers given by NGO for a period of five years.
The other cost that include in ESM cost consists of compensation cost for persons loosing there livelihood due to remediation work. The basis of compensation cost calculation is given below.
We have divided affected population in three categories as per the guidelines of NRRP, 2007. These categories are as follows:
Category RI: For involuntary displacement of families: This includes the population who is living at the project site, and will be displaced due to the remediation activity at the site.
Rs.25000 for house construction to each displaced family
One time assistance of Rs.20000 per family as compensation for displacement
Payment of Rs.100 per day as minimum wage to each family for a period of 1 year
Category R2: For temporary loss in source of income:
This includes rag pickers working at the site, laborers or other workers in PIA whose income would be affected due to remediation process.
Payment of Rs.100 per day as minimum wage to each rag picker/worker/laborers for a period of 3 months (transition period), assuming 25 working days in a month.
Payment of Rs.100 per day each to businesslenterprise owner for a period of 6 months as a compensation for loss in hisher business.
Preference shall be given in giving employment to one person from each nuclear family during the remediation work.
Category R3: For temporary acquisition of land:
This includes all those areas that may be acquired on for specified period in order to run the project.
Amount for temporary acquisition would be decided through mutual agreement.
Considering the above said Environmental and Social components, cost estimation of various sites has been done.
Environmental and Social Assessment 4-9
Environnienlal and Social Manapemen1 Framework
4.13 GRIEVANCE REDRESS CELL
There is a need for an efficient grievance redress mechanism, which will assist the PAPs in resolving queries and complaints. Any disputes will be addressed through the grievance redress mechanism. Formation of Grievance Redress Cell (GRC) will be most important for grievance redress and it is anticipated that most, if not all grievance, are settled by the GRC. The GRCs are expected to resolve the grievances of the eligible persons within a stipulated time. The decision of the GRCs is binding, unless vacated by court of law.
The GRCs will continue to function, for the benefit of the PAPs, during the entire life of the project including the defects liability periods. The response time prescribed for the GRCs is 15 days in which it will expedite redressal of grievances.
However, it is expected that the GRCs will play a very crucial role in redressing grievances of the PAPs, but they are not debarred from moving to the court for issues including those related to livelihood and R&R Entitlement.
4.14 CONSTITUTION O F GRIEVANCE REDRESS COMMITTEE (GRC)
The committee will comprise of representatives of local NGOs; public representatives (viz., Member of Parliament, Member of Legislative Assembly, etc) from respective district; representatives of women groups, squatters and low-income PAHs; land department and affected persons (especially women), as well as the representative of respective district administration. Minimum participation of women in GRC will be 33 percent. At least two persons from each group will be there in the GRC. The functions of the GRC will be:
To provide support for the PAPs on problems arising out of Land1 Property acquisition;
To provide support for the PAPs on problems arising out livelihood lose;
To record the grievances of the PAPs, categorizes and prioritize and solve them within a month;
To inform PIU of serious cases within an appropriate time frame; and
To report to the aggrieved parties about the development regarding their grievance and decision of PIU.
Details and definitions pertaining to the Grievance Redress mechanism, compensation eligibility, and other aspects of the SMP are presented in Annexure 4.1.
Environmental and Social Assessment 4-10
Environmet~l and Social Assessmrnr Stud11
Environmental and Social Assessment 4-1 1
Component affected
Air
Soil
Groundwater
Noise
Flora and fauna
Wildlife
Aesthetics
Significance
Medium
Low
Low
Low
Small
Small
High
Positive/ Negative
Negative
Negative
Negative
Negative
Negative
Negative
Negative
Activity
Movement of Vehicles, Excavation activities, Filling activities, transportation of waste. Land preparation, Operation of DG set and other niachinery etc
Excavation, Filling
Lechate from site
Movement of Vehicles, Excavation, Land preparation, Operation of DG set and other machinery etc
Construction of office and labour camp etc.
Construction of office and labour camp etc.
Excavation of waste, site preparation and associated
Permanent / Temporary
Temporary
Temporary
Temporary
Temporary
Temporary
Temporary
Temporary
Tuhb 4.2 Inzpuct
Direct Impacts
Dust, Odor and gas emissions
Contamination by leaked pollutants, solid wastes, debris
Drawdown effects froni water percolation.
Annoyance, irritation.
Loss of flora and fauna
Chances of Migration of wild animals
Visual and noise aesthetics loss
Mntri.~ during Site Remediation
Induced Impacts
Health issues for residents and workers, offsite contamination
Bioaccumulation of pollutants in plants/animals/humans, wider contami~iation from dust and soil movement during remediation.
Bioaccumulation of pollutants in plants/animals/humans
None
None
Increased pressure on resources by wildlife at some other location
None
Environmental and Social Assessment 4-12
Lrivrrunnlen/al arid Sacral
Component affected
Traffic
Livelihood
Agriculture I
activities
Habitation
Employment I Infrastructure
Religious and Socio- Cultural sites
!
Induced Impacts
Traffic congestion, health impacts, littering
Income of traders associated with rag pickers
Shortage of agriculture goods in Market
None
Social upliftment of society
Upliftment of property value
Worshipers and Visitors may avoid their routine visits to these places as a result of pollution or disturbance.
itfanagemen/ F~,arne\curk
Activity
construction activities.
Movement of Vehicles, Excavating activities, Filling activities, transportation of waste. Land preparation and construction activities
Closure of MS W site
Closure of MSW site
Closure of MSW site
Closure of MSW site
Closure of MSW site
Construction of contractor's office and labour camp, etc.
Movenlent of vehicles, excavation, filling activities, waste transportation. Land preparation and construction activities
Direct Impacts
Increased traffic movements, dust
Income of Rag- pickers and small business holders.
Loss of agriculture production
Rag Pickers may migrate to other site
Some Employment will Generate
Development of Infrastructure
None
Permanent1 Temporary
Temporary
Permanent
Temporary
Permanent
Temporary
Permanent
Tenlporary
positive' Negative
Negative
Negative
Negative
Negative
Positive
Positive
Negative
Significance
Medium
High
Small
Small
Small
Small
Small
Environnrenl and Social Assessmenr Silrdy
Table 4.3 Intpacts during Post Remediation pliase
Component affected Activity Direct effects Indirect effects Positive1
Negative Significance Permanent1 Temporary
1 Air I Landscaping or greenery Better air environment
Health Improvenlent Positive Medium Permanent
Soil 1 Leaching activities, Soil Contamination
Medium Bioaccumulation of pollutants in plants/animals/humans, wider contamination from dust and soil inoveinent during remediation.
Pennanent Negative
Groundwater Lechate fro111 site I I Drawdown effects from water percolation.
High Bioaccumulation of pollutants in plantsIani~~~als/hui i~ans
Permanent Negative
Noise Landscaping or greenery Permanent Better air environment
Low Health Improvenlent
fauna Landscaping
Positive
Permanent More greenery Medium Health Improvenlent
Permanent
Positive
Increased aesthetic value
High Increased price of property and increase in business activities.
Traffic congestion, health impacts, littering
Social upliftment of Society
Permanent
Positive
Negative
Positive
Increased traffic movements, dust
Eillployment Generation.
Low
Livelihood Development of site into park or some landscape and maintenance. 1 Medium Permanent
1 Property / ~ e v e l o ~ n ~ e n t of residential Social uplift~nent of Society I Positive Medium Pennanent Increase in land
Environmental and Social Assessment 4-13
Et7vrronmentnl and Soc~al Managenlent Franie~vork
Direct effects Component affected
Indirect effects Activity Permanent/ Temporary Negative
Significance
Business activities
I I I I I I
Infrastructure
area and co~nrnercial area.
Development of residential area and commercial area.
value
Development of site into park or some landscape, Development of residential area and comn~ercial area.
Direct employment will be generated
Better living conditions for local people
Indirect employment will be generated
--
Upliftment of property value
1 Positive
Positive
I Medium
Medium
Permanent
Permanent
Environmental and Social Assessment 4-14
Environmenl and Sacral Assessn~enr S~lrdy
Table 4.4: En vironmetrtul und Social hlunugement Plunriing Guidelinesfor ESMF
I Institutional Responsibility r Environmental Issue/ Component
Environmental and Social Assessment 4- 15
Reference
1. Environmental Control
Remedial Measure
SC, PIU,
SC, PIU,
SC, PlU,
1. Soil
to Contract Document 9
Contractor
Contractor
Contractor
Approximate Location
All selected borrow pits and quarries.
All selected borrow pits and quarries
All MSW and HW sites and surrounding area
a. Soil erosion
b. Loss of topsoil
c. Compaction of
During Engineerin Remedia n
Time frame
The depths in borrow pits will be regulated so that the sides will not be steeper than 25%, from the edge of the final section of bank.
Soil erosion will be checked by measures such as the fonnation of sediment basins and slope drains.
Agricultural areas will not be used for borrowing of materials, unless requested by the landowner for making ponds or for lowering the land for making it irrigable.
Construction vehicles, machinery, and equipment will move, or be stationed in the designated ROW, to avoid unnecessary compaction of soil.
During Remediatio n
During Remediatio n
Mitigation Implemen- Super- Cost tation vision
Engineerin g cost
Engineerin g cost
Frvrronmrrrtnl arid Socral hlarragenzrnt Framnt ork
Reference to Contract Document 9
Approximate Location
Institutional Responsibility
Cost Implemen- Environmental Issue/ Component
Remedial Measure Time frame
project corridor and borrow areas
d. Contamination Construction vehicles and equipment will be maintained and refueled so that spillage does not contaminate the soil.
Fuel storage and refueling sites will be kept away from drainage channels and important water bodies.
During I Soil ( Contractor 1 SC, PIU, I Remediatio Monitoring n 1 cost
I
NHAI I
( 2. Water I a. Water Any conimunity water source, such
as wells, tube-wells, etc., lost incidentally will be replaced with alternate sources.
All MSW and HW sites and surrounding area
During Remediatio n
Engineerin g cost plus relocation
cost
Water Monitoring cost
Contractor I SC, PIU,
Contractor -4 Any work close to streams or other water bodies will be avoided, especially during the monsoon period.
All necessary precautions will be taken to construct temporary or permanent devices to prevent water pollution due to increased siltation and turbidity.
All MSW and HW sites and surrounding area
SC, PIU, During Remediatio n
Envirotunental and Social .4ssessment 4-16
Env~rontnent and Social Assessrnenl St~tdv
Environmental Issue1 Component
c. Sanitation r
1 d. Use of
water
Remedial Measure f The construction camps will be located away from the habitation.
The sewage system for such camps will be properly designed and built so that no water pollution takes place. If necessary, temporary effluent treatment plants will be installed in the construction camps. The workplace will have proper medical facilities.
The contractor will arrange for water required for construction so that nearby communities remain unaffected.
Reference to Contract Document 9
Approximate Location
At construction camp locations, wherever located along the project corridor
All MSW and HW sites and surrounding area
Time Mitigation frame 1 cost
During I Engineerin
Institutional Responsibility
During Remediatio n
, Implemen- I Super-
Engineerin g cost
Contractor SC, PIU,
( 3. Air 1
Contractor
a. Emission from
SC, PIU,
All the machinery and plants wiIl be downwind of human settlements.
The pollution emission levels of all vehicles, equipment and machinery used for construction will conform to the standards prescribed in India Central Motor Vehicles Rules, 1989.
Air pollutant parameters wilI be monitored regularly during construction, as envisaged in the EMP.
All MSW and HW sites and surrounding area
During Remediatio n
Air Monitoring Cost
Contractor SC, PIU,
Environmental and Social Assessment 4-17
1 4. Noise Levels I
En1 nonn~enml arid Sucral Manugrti~ent Frut?ieivurk
a. Noise Vehicles and equipment used will be fitted with silencer and maintained accordingly.
Reference
Environmental Remedial Measure Issue1 Component Document
Noise standards for industrial enterprises will be strictly enforced to protect construction workers from severe noise impacts.
Approximate Location
Workers will be provided with appropriate ear muffs/plugs.
The noise level will be monitored during the construction, as per the EMP.
Time frame
Mitigation Cost
Institutional Responsibility
1 5. Health and Sanitation of Workers 1
Implemen- tation
All MSW and HW sites and surrounding area
Environmental and Social Assessment 4-18
Super- vision
During Remediatio n
Noise Monitoring Cost
Contractor SC, PIU,
Environmenr and Social Assessment S ~ i i d ~ j
1 / Reference Environmental Issue1 Component Remedial Measure Contract
Document
waste disposal facilities will be provided at work places.
Proper drainage will be maintained around the sites to avoid water logging leading to disease.
Adequate sanitation and waste disposal facilities will be provided at camps by means of septic tanks, soakage pits, etc.
At every workplace, good and sufficient water supply will be maintained to avoid water-related diseases and to secure the health of workers.
Adequate drainage, sanitation, and waste disposal will be provided at workplaces.
Preventive medical care will be provided to workers.
Environmental and Social Assessment 4-19
Approximate Location
Construction camps
Time frame
During Remediatio n
Mitigation Cost
Engineerin g cost
Institutional
Implemen- tation
Contractor
Responsibility
Super- vision
SC, PIU,
Env~ronntrtitnl and Socral ,anagetnen~ Franlrivork
Environmental and Social Assessment 4-20
Environmental Issue/ Component
Remedial Measure
A health care system will be maintained at camps for routine check up of workers and avoidance of communicable disease.
6. Social
Reference to Conlract Document s
PIU, concerned PIU government departments
Approximate Location
During the design and remediatio n stage
All MSW and HW sites and surrounding area
a. Livelihood
Time frame
RandR Cost
All persons likely to be impacted will be properly compensated and also will be considered for alternative earning options. As per the RandR 2007 and bank Policy 4.12. Also Social development of
During the design and remediatio n stage
To be identified based on community needs
b. Coninlunity properties
Mitigation Cost
the affected persons will be carried out in order to altemative earning options and better living conditions.
All Community properties likely to be impacted will be relocated with prior approval of the concerned agencies.
7
Institutional Responsibility
--
RandR PIU, concerned Cost government
departments
Implemen- tation
PIU
Super- vision
Environment and Social Assessment S~irdv
Environmental Issue1 Component
Religious properties.
d. Archaeological Properties.
Remedial Measure k Public consultation has been carried out to obtain opinions about shifting of religious structures if required. Also Bank policy 4.11 will be followed in these cases.
If there is any Archaeological site in direct and indirect influence zone of project area then Archaeological site prevention Acts will be followed to mitigate the impacts.
--
Reference to Contract Document S
Approximate Location
Locations of cultural properties likely to be impacted during project implementation.
Location of archaeological properties likely to be impacted during project implementation.
Time frame
During the design stage
Mitigation Cost
RandR Cost
RandR Cost
Institutional Responsibility
Implemen- Super-
R and R unit
Environmental and Social Assessment 4-2 1
PlU, concerned government departments, and RandR unit
PIU
Environmental and Socral Assessment Stucfv
5. DESCRIPTION OF THE PROPOSED SITES
5.1 ANDHRA PRADESH
One Hazardous waste site near Hyderabad city i.e. Noor Mohammad Kunta and other MSW site in Kadapa district i.e. Akkayapalli have been selected for ESA study in AP. The details of these sites have been described in the following sections.
5.1.1 Noor Mohammad Kunta
Noor Mohammad Kunta is a small surface water body located in Katedan Industrial area of Rajendranagar municipality adjoining Hyderabad city. Geographically, this lake is situated 78'26' East longitude and 17'18'45" North latitude on the southern suburbs of Hyderabad City. A two-lane broad gauge railway line (Secunderabad-Kurnool) forms eastern boundary of the lake, whereas an earthen bund is provided on the western boundary of the lake and the bund separates the lake from the Hyderabad-Bangalore National Highway NH-7. On the northern boundary of the lake is a big hillock, whereas open lands with sparse habitation form the southern boundary of the lake. The Budwel railway station is the nearest railway station about 200m to the southeastern side of the lake. Photo 5.1 and Photo 5.2 show views of NM Kunta. The Map 5.1 depicts the location of the lake. Also the photograph shown below clearly indicates the lake conditions and surroundings.
Photo 5.1: View of Noor Mohammad Kunta Photo 5.2: Proposed 4.00 MLD sewage Lake treatment plant at NMK
5.1.1.1 Topography and Drainage
The area is gently sloping towards north with the Katedan industrial area located in the highest elevated areas to the south. The highest elevation recorded in the study area is 570 m above and the lowest being 520 m above MSL. The industrial area is separated from the downstream residential areas by the railway and an interstate highway. The overall drainage of the area consists of six man-made lakes (cheruvu), Noor Mohammad cheruvu, Chilan cheruvu, Ura cheruvu, Narsabaigunta cheruvu, Devu llama cheruvu and Mir Alam tank that are interconnected by small streams or nullah or creeks.
5.1.1.2 Hydrology of the Lake
The water-spread area is measured as 8.3 Ha in 1975 as per the hydrographic survey conducted by APERL (a study conducted by Andhra Pradesh Environment Protection Training and Research Institute), the area of the water spread in 1997 has been estimated as 7.95 Ha with a maximum depth of 3.9 m, which is reduced to 7.6 Ha in 2002. The depth of the lake ranges from 0.5 m in the edges to 3.5 - 4 m in the deepest part. An overflow sluice is provided in the middle of the earthen bund for allowing the excess water to be used for the irrigation purposes. The top of this bund (TBL) is at 547 m above the MSL. A Lake overflow
Environmental and Social Assessment 5-1
Descriplion of Proposed siles
section is provided in the north comer of the earthen bund at the foot of the hillock. It is at about 1 to 1.5 m less than the TBL.
Map 5.1: Showing the Location o f Lake
Environmental and Social Assessn~ent 5.2
Emironmental and Sooal Assessment Study
The southern and southeastern areas of the lake form the catchment of NM Kunta. The lake catchment forms part of catchment area of the Musi River, a tributary of River Krishna. As per the 1975 Survey of India Map, the NM Kunta had two feeder channels. The channel running from southern-southeastem side and joining the Kunta on the eastern side is the main feeder channel. Approximate length of this stream is about 1.6 Km. The other stream joins the Kunta in the southern side and the length of the stream is approximately 1.4 Km. The two feeder channels separately enter the lake through two culverts under the track in eastern and southern sides.
However, at present these streams are not fully traceable along their length due to developments on the eastern and southeastern sides of the Kunta. The main stream is encroached upon and natural channel is now transformed into a stone masonry open drain. The present width of this drain is about 1.5 m to 2 m. This drain mainly runs through Katedan industrial estate and few residential areas on the upstream of industrial area. The second stream that joins southern side of the Kunta is also reduced to a small channel. This drain runs through Netaji Nagar residential area and part of Katedan industrial estate.
The NM Kunta has independent catchment and owing to the topography the lake does not receive water from any up stream water body. The lake has natural slope in northwest direction. Discharge of the NM Kunta flows towards northwest side through the NGR Agricultural University campus for about 1 km and then flows towards north for a short distance to join Shivarampalli tank. The overflow of the Shivarampalli tank joins the Voora Cheruvu and further joins the Mir Alam Tank. The Mir Alam Tank is a large water body and was principal water source for Hyderabad city. However, it is no more used for Hyderabad water supply but provides water supply to the Nehru Zoological Park, which is located adjoining the tank.
5.1.1.3 Landuse
The lake lies in the Katedan Industrial Estate (KIE). The KIE was set up to accommodate small/ medium scale industrial units by the Andhra Pradesh Industrial infrastructure Corporation (APIIC). There is no public water supply in the area and the industries meet their water demand through individual arrangements. The landuse of the KIE are dominated by built-up area comprising industrial, residential, commercial and institutional followed by few water bodies.
5.1.2 Kadapa Municipal Solid Waste Landfill Site
Akkayyapalli Dumping yard (Photo 5.3 and 5.4) has been under use for dumping of waste ever since the formation of Municipal Body. The dumping yard is 10.85 acres and is 3 Km away from the city, but the distance between the dumping yard and the human habitation is less than 0.5 km. Masapet, Sankarapuram and Akkayyapalli village are the close neighbourhood of the dumping yard. Kadapa Municipal Corporation dumps 206 MTs of municipal waste every day.
Photo 5.3 and 5.4.: View of Akkayapalli dumping yard
Environmental and Social Assessment 5-3
Descrrpfron of Proposed sires
Estimated volume of waste disposed at the site is around 162500 rnt and the site is in operation since 1988. A segregation shed and composting yard are also present at the dumping site (Photo 5.5).
Photo 5.5 View of segregation shed and cornposting yard
5.2 WEST BENGAL
Municipal Solid waste site i.e. Dhapa near Kolkata and Industrial Hazardous waste sites in Hooghly were selected for ESA study. These sites have been described in following sections.
5.2.1 Dhapa Municipal Solid Waste Landfill Site
The Dhapa municipal solid waste landfill site (Map 5.2 and Photo 5.6 to Photo 5.7) is located about 10 krn south-east of Kolkata city and receives between 3,500 to 3,700 tonnes of waste daily. The land filling operations at the site started from 1887 onwards. The disposal site is mountain shaped from west to east, with the size of approximately 150m by 2,000m and the area of 21.4 ha, and divided into two parts by MIS. Eastern Organic Fertilizer Ltd, a compost plant which is centrally located at the site and has an area of 12.1 Ha. The western side of the area is landfilled by mechanical unloading of waste by KMC vehicles (Photo 5.8) with the area being about 8.1 ha, while in the east, an area of about 13.3 ha is landfilled by unloading of waste manually (Photo 5.9) from contracted private vehicles.
The compost is plant designed to treat about 350 tonnes of waste daily and is owned by KMC at the Dhapa landfill site. Plant was setup by MIS. Eastern Organic Fertilizer Ltd. with technical back up of Axle Industry, Mumbai, and commissioned in the year 2000 and operated till 2003. Eastern Organic Fertilizer Ltd has stopped operating the plant because it was unable to sell the compost with reasonable profit margin and failed to meet its commitments towards KMC.
~ . ," & " @ u ,
Photo 5.6: View of Rag Pickers and Anlmals at Photo 5.7: Site View and Surrounding Areas of Dhapa Site Dhapa Site
--
Environmental and Soc~al Assessment 5 -1
Environmental and Social Assessmenf Study
Map 5.2 Location map of Dhapa Land fill site
Map 5.3 Close-up view of area of land fill site taken up for remediation
Environmental and Social Assessment 5-5
Photo 5.8: Mechanical Unloading of waste by KMC vehicle at Dhapa Land fill site
Photo 5.9: Manual Unloading of waste by contract vehicle at Dhapa Land fill site
5.2 2 Hooghly Hazardous Waste Sites
All the six industrial dump sites are located along the Delhi road (NH-2). The details of the above sites are given below
Shivang Trexim and Sree Balaji Veneers Approach Road (HW-1); Access road of Sarkar Weigh Bridge (HW-2); Ashalata Brickfield (HW-3); Minu Computer Weigh Bridge access road (HW-4); Zenith Timbers access road (HW-5); and Dankuni Coal Complex (HW-6) Pasupathi Seong Access Road (HW-7)
Site 1 Shivang Trexim Pvt. Ltd, and Balaji Veneer Approach Road
Geographically, the site is situated at 22'47'38.9"~ and 88'17'49.1"~ beside Delhi Road (NH2), which demarcates the site boundary on eastern side. The site is located at a distance approx 100 m south of the Netaji More. The location of site is shown in Map 5.4and Photo 5.10to Photo 5.12 show the hazardous materials at the sitelwater body on the northern side of the site.
Map 5.4: 1-ocation Map of Shivang Trexim and Sri Balaji Veneer Ltd Access Road Hazardous site
Environmental and Social Assessment 5-6
Environmental and Socral Assessmenr Sludv
The site is the approach road to Shivang Trexim Pvt. Ltd and Sri Balaji Veneer Industries. Hazardous waste comprising of Chromium and ceramic wastes, has been used for making the approach road.
The site is triangular in shape and forms a small water logged area in between the approach road. The approximate area of the site is 920 sq.m with 4m height and the estimated quantity of the waste dumped at the site is 7680 mt.
Landuse of the site is mixed in nature with mostly, agriculture land followed by marshy fallow land and settlement (industries, houses) and water bodies. The major crops grown near the site are Banana plantations and Paddy.
Photo 5.10: road of Photo 5.1 1 : Chromium stains at the site hazardous material
Photo 5.12: Water body and Banana Plantation on the Northern side of the site
Site 2 Access road of Sarkar Weigh Bridge (HW-2).
Geographically, the site is situated at 22'44'17.2"~ and 88"19'07.5"~ along Delhi Road (N.H-2). The site is located adjacent to the northern site boundary of "Dhaba". Bangihati and Simla village are the nearest habitation located at a distance of 100 m south and 400 m NE of the site respectively. The location of site is shown in Map 5.5 and Photo 5.13 to Photo 5.16 shows the hazardous materials dumped at the site.
Environmental and Soclal Assessment 5-7
Descrrplion of Proposed sites
The site comprises of a low lying area on which wastes are being dumped. Earlier the site was used for dumping chromium waste a fact that can be observed by the presence of yellow colored stains on the brick walls, indicating the presence of chromium contamination. The site has now been abandoned and is vacant. The site is also used for dumping broken glass waste etc (Photo 5.15).
The approximate area of the site is 1600 sq.mt with 4 m height and the estimated quantity of the waste dumped at the site is around 12,800 MT.
Landuse of the site is mixed in nature with mostly agriculture land followed by grazing ground for domestic animals on southern side of the site followed by marshy land and settlement (industries, houses) and water bodies. The major crops grown near the site are Banana plantations and Paddy.
Map 5.5 Location map of Sarkar Weigh Bridge approach road Hazardous Waste Site
Photo 5.13: View of hazardous material Photo 5.14: View of hazardous dumped at the site material dumped at the site
Environmental and Social Assessment 5-8
Emironmenla1 and Social Assessmen1 Studv
Photo 5.15 to 5.16 View of hazardous material dumped at the site
Site 3 Asalata Brick Field Geographically, the site is situated at 22' 50'45.8"N and 88°19702.1"~ along Delhi Road (N.H-2) on eastern side at a distance of approx 200m.The site is accessible by branching off Delhi Road near Garji More.
The site is located on private land and comprises of a brickfield developed by partly filling low-lying area with chrome waste. Earlier the site was used by Indotan Chemicals for dumping of processed Chromium waste. The location of this site is shown in Map 5.6 and Photo 5.17 to Photo 5.20 show the surroundings as also dumped waste.
The approximate area of the site is 400 sq.mt and the estimated quantity of the waste dumped at the site is 3,200 MT
The site is surrounded by agricultural fields on the north and north eastern side and residential quarter on the Southern and western side with the Damodar Valley canal running on the western side of the site.
Map 5.6 Location map of Asalatha Brickfield Hazardous waste landfill site
Environmental and Soc~al Assessment 5-9
Descripf~on of Proposed sites
Photo 5.18: Paddy field on the Northern Photo 5.17: View of Asalatha brickfield side of the Asalatha brick field
Photo 5.19 and 5.20: Chromium stains in soils at the Asalatha brick field
Site 4: Minu Computer Weigh Bridge Access Road.
Geographically, the site is situated at 22' 47' 48.3"N and 88°18'49.8"~ along Delhi Road (N.H-2) approx 100m from Netaji More.
The site comprised of low lying land on which Chromium and ceramic wastes are being dumped for filling the road formation. The major portion of the site falls within 50 m Right of Way (ROW) of Delhi Road. The remaining portion of the site is privately owned.
The thickness of fill at site has been estimated as 4 m and the total waste quantity is about 9,120 MT. The site surrounding comprises of low lying and marshy lands Agricultural fields are located in proximity of site and are susceptible to contamination. The area does not have municipal water supply and is dependent on groundwater. The location of this site is shown in Map 5.7 and Photo 5.21 to 5.23.
Environmental and Social Assessment 5-10
Emironmen fa1 and Social Assessment Sfudv
Map 5.7: Location map of the Minu Computer Weigh Bridge access road hazardous waste site
Photo 5.21 and Photo 5.22: Minu Computer Weigh Bridge Hazardous Waste Site
Environmental and Social Assessment 5-1 1
Description of Proposed sites
Photo 5.23: Fallow land on the Western side of the Minu Weigh Bridge hazardous Waste site
Site 5: Zenith Timber Access Road
Geographically, the site is situated at 22' 45' 05.9"N and ~ 8 ~ 1 8 ' 5 5 . 3 " ~ along Delhi Road (N.H-2) approx 700m north of Netaji More.
The hazardous waste dump site falls within 50m of the ROW of Delhi Road. The quantity of waste dumped at the site is about 6240 MT
The site is surrounded by low lying and marshy land on which Chromium waste is being dumped for filling for road formation. The site is characterized by high groundwater levels and thus, the possibility of contamination is high. The location of this site is shown in Map 5.8 and Photo 5.24 to Photo 5.24 shows the dumping of industrial waste.
Man 5.8 1,ocation man ofthe Zenith Timber Access Road Hazardous
Environmental and Social Assessment 5-12
Environmental and Social Assessment S/u&
Photo 5.24 and Photo 5.25 : Zenith Timber access road filled with industrial Waste
Site 6. Chakundi- Common disposal site for treated chrome mud in Coal Complex Township.
Geographically, the site is situated at 22'42'27.4"~ and 88'17'43.4"~ at a radial distance of approx 350 m west of the Delhi Road (National Highway 2) in Bhadwa village of Dhankuni Panchayat. The location of the site is given in Map 5.9 and Photo 5.26. The site has been notified by Govt. of West Bengal as a common disposal site for treated chrome mud and is owned by Bengal Chrome Chemical Manufacturers Association. It has been notified by the West Bengal Pollution Control Board (WBPCB) vide Gazetted Notification No.:ENI1355IT- IV-3.002-1120031 (5) dated 14.10.2003 to develop the land as a common disposal site for treated chrome mud.
The major landuse of the area is agriculture followed by industrial and water bodies as indicated in Photo 5.27 and Photo 5.28. Immediately adjacent to the site, water bodies are present on the northern side with the area to south being low lying. Eastern side of the site is agriculture land. The western side is with boundary wall and approach road to the site, followed by M/s Universal Anesthetic industry. The nearest settlement present at the site is Bhadwa village, located about 500 to 600m away. The approximate area of the site is 1737 sq.m.
The site is used by chrome manufacturing industries for dumping their treated chrome wastes. The following industries are using this site for dumping their waste
1. Indotan chemicals
2. Bajaj Chemicals
Alchrome chemicals
hlan 5.9 I ncattnn man nf the Chak~lndl Fla7ardni1s Warte site
Env~ronmental and Soctal Assessment 5-13
Description ojProposed sites
Photo 5.26: View of Chakundi Hazardous Photo 5-27 : Water body and abandoned
Waste site agriculture land on the eastern side of Dumpsite
Photo 5.28: Water body with macrophyte and water Hyacinth on Northern side of dumpsite
Site 7 Pasupathi Seong Access Road
Geographically, the site is situated along Western side Delhi Road (N.H-2) approx Ikm from north of Netaji More.
The hazardous waste dump site falls within 50m of the ROW of Delhi Road. The quantity of waste dumped at the site is about 1240 MT
The site is surrounded by paddy field on north and south, east by Delhi road and west by Pasupathi Seong Industry, on which Chromium waste is being dumped for filling for road formation. The site is characterized by high groundwater levels and thus, the possibility of contamination is high. The location of this site is shown in Map 5.10 and Photo 5.29 to Photo 5.32 shows the dumping of industrial waste.
--
Env~ronmental and Soc~a l Assessment 5-14
Env~ronrnental and Soclal Assessment Studv
Photo 5.29. Pasupathi Seong HW site access road Photo 5.30 View of Dhaba and barber shop at site
Photo 5.31 Paddy field on the left side of the site Photo 5.32 View of Temple located inside the Pasupathi Seong industry
Environmental and Social Assessment 5-15
Envrronmental and Social Assessment S t u 4
6. BASELINE AND ESMP FOR ANDHRA PRADESH
6.1 BASELINE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL SETTING OF KADAPA
6.1.1 Akkayapalli Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) Site
The baseline environmental status is based on primary and secondary data collected through on- site field observations and previous studies carried out by A.P. Pollution Control Board, and Socio-Economic Surveys and Public consultations around site. The following environmental and social components of Kadapa were focused upon during this study:
Physical environment comprising climate, topography, geology, air and noise quality, water quality etc.
Ecological environment consisting of flora and fauna of study area.
Socio-Economic environment consisting Demographic profile, Occupational structure, Health issues. Educational status, and Literacy status, etc.
The project site is situated near Akkayapalli village and surrounded by the residential colonies of Vidyut Nagar and G.K Nagar. The area comes under the municipal corporation of Kadapa. Geographically, this site is located at 14'28'53.63" North latitude and 78'50'36.65" East longitude along the direction of Municipality road on the west.
Map 6.1.1 District map of Kadapa
6.1.2 Physical Environment
6.1.2.1 Topography and drainage
The area lies at an altitude of 129 meter above sea level. Some small industries are spreads within half kilometer area.
The Drainage of the Kadapa municipal area is mainly dendritic to sub-dendritic in its pattern and the basin is elongated in shape. The fine drainage density in southeast and southwest part confirms to physio-graphy of the area, which has lower infiltration levels. The central portion of the watershed with nearly level sloping condition depicts medium to high infiltration rate resulting in the incremental groundwater levels. Because of the erratic nature of rainfall and impermeable nature of rocks, shallow stream channels are formed.
6.1.2.2 Climate
The area under investigation is tropical and receives an average rainfall of 700 mm from the South-West and North-East monsoon. The climate in the region may be divided into four seasons. The period from December to February is dry and comparatively cool. The summer season is from March to May, which is followed by the south west monsoon season from June
-- Env~ronmental and Social Assessment
6- 1
Baseline and ESMP for Andhra Pradesh
to September. October and November constitute the post monsoon or the retreating monsoon season. The area becomes uncomfortably hot during summer. The highest monthly average temperature recorded 43 .1 '~ during the month of May while the lowest was 1 6 . 0 ~ ~ for the month of December. The highest relative humidity of 76% was reported during the months of November and December and lowest 33% during March.
6.1.2.3 Pollution Issues of affected area
Air quality
Air quality data is not available for the Kadapa Municipal Area, although local inhabitants report intense odor pollution due to rotting of waste materials inside the dumping yard. This pollution becomes unbearable during evening hours in the rainy season and during summer, smoke pollutes the air when rag pickers bum the waste to retrieve metal scrap carrying various diseases causing micro-organisms and creating various respiratory problems amongst the public living near the dumping site.
Noise Quality
No noise quality data is available from Andhra Pradesh Pollution Control Board for this location. Noise has been found to be generated from traffic on Siddavatam road, just adjacent to dumping yard and also from vehicles transporting waste to dumping yard. It is however reported by local people that noise is not an issue for this area.
Water Quality
Water quality related health problems such as Cholera, Hepatitis B, Dysentery, Diarrhea and Typhoid have been reported by local inhabitant during public consultation. Contamination of groundwater was also reported during public consultations in the concerned area due to increased chloride concentration. Surface water runoff and percolation of leachate from Akkayapalli Dump yard also contaminate the ground water leading to accumulation of dangerous elements like arsenic, mercury, lead, phosphorus etc., which are carcinogenic. Beyond the boundary of the waste dumping site towards Kadapa, many small water bodies were found to be polluted by waste disposal.
Municipality is supplying treated water for drinking and cooking purposes. Groundwater is also being used by local people but for washing, cleaning and bathing only.
Solid waste status
Total waste generated in the Kadapa municipal area is about 164 tonslday out of which six tons per day of solid waste is generated from Akkayapalli area.KMC area contain large quantities of organic waste and recyclable items like paper and plastic. KMC area contains organic waste from household and markets and commercial waste like paper, plastic, rags and inert material gathered from street sweeping.
6.1.3 Social lssues of the Affected Area
A socio economic profile of the project-affected area/population is essential to create a database and develop indicators for evaluation of the project impact. To understand the socio- economic context of the proposed project and for providing necessary inputs for social analysis of the project, relevant baseline data on socio-economic and cultural conditions were collected from various available primary and secondary sources like personal observation and enquiry, consultation with knowledgeable persons of the villages, etc.
On the basis of social survey, the affected settlements and villages have been identified and the same has been documented in the report. The important demographic features of the
-
Env~ronrnental and Soc~a l Assessment 6-2
Environmental and Social Assessment Studv
population, social categories, literacy level and economy of the population in the project influence area have been assessed.
The Project Influence Area (PIA) of the project comprises village settlements located near the landfill site. Described below is the socio-economic analysis of the PIA near which the landfill site is situated. The description of concerned population includes all the people who are directly or indirectly affected by the project.
The following groups are identified who are likely to be affected by the project concerning the landfill site at Kadapa:
People living in areas, located near landfill site
Rag pickers including men, women and children
People running small-scale business near the landfill site
Any other personls generating livelihood through involvement with landfill site.
The details of socio-economic survey and public consultations are presented in the following sections:
6.1.4 Social Profile of the Project Influence Area (PIA) in Kadapa
6.1.4.1 Social Category
People from various social categories reside near the landfill site. There are people from Scheduled caste, OBC and General category, each comprising approx 30 percent of total population. Few households are also inhabited by people belonging to Scheduled Tribe. The details are given in Table 6.1.1.
Table 6.1.1 Social stratification
Social Categories No. of responses %
3 ( OBC I 48 1 27.1 1
I Total I 177 / 100.0 1 Other
Source: ESA Survey, ICTNew Delhr. Sepl.. 2008
6.1.4.2 Education Status
Only 1-2 percent of the total population is well educated. Nearly 40 percent of the population residing near the site is just literate, whereas 50 percent is illiterate. The details are presented in Ta ble6.1.2.
5 1
2 1
Table 6.1.2 Literacy Rate
28.8
11.9
Environmental and Social Assessment 6-3
S. No.
1
2
Education Status
Illiterate
Literate
10.7
1.1
100.0
No. of Responses
89
0 3
4
Source: ESA Survey, ICT New Delhi. Sept., 2008
O h
50.3
Educated
Well Educated
Total
19
2
177
Baseline and ESMP for Andhra Pradesh
6.1.4.3 Employment Status
26 percent of the affected population work as non-agriculture labourers to sustain themselves. A little less than 25 percent are self employed, followed by 15 percent who are engaged in Govt./Pvt. jobs. Only 4 percent of the affected population are engaged in farming with another 4 percent of the population involved in other economic activities. The details are presented Table 6.1.3
I I I
1 1 I Self employment I
44 1 24.9
Table 6.1.3 Employment Status
1 2 1 Rag picking I 35 1 19.8 1
S' 1 Employment Status No.
No. of responses
Business
I 1 Total I 1 7 7 > .Source: ESA Survex, ICT New Delhi, Sepf., 2008
Yo
1
6.1.4.4 Monthly Income
14
25
Over sixty percent of the population earns less than Rs.2000 in a month and 30 percent of the people earn somewhere between Rs.2000 and Rs.5000 every month. There are few households (7 percent) which have a monthly earning exceeding Rs.5000. The details are presented Table 6.1.4.
7.9
14.1
5 Farming I
6 Labourer
Table 6.1.4 Income Status
7
46
6.1.4.5 Monthly Expenditure
3.9
26.0
1 s. 1 No.
1
2
3
60 percent of households spend less than Rs.2000 in a month. 30 percent incur monthly expenses ranging between Rs.2000 and Rs.5000 and only 7 percent of the population has monthly expenditure exceeding Rs.5000. A tabular representation is given in Table 6.1.5
Source. ESA Survqv, ICT New Delhi, Sepi., 2008
Monthly Income (Rs.)
Less than 2000
2000 to 5000
More than 5000
Total
1 S. No. Monthly Expenditure (Rs.) I No. of responses 1 Percentage 1 Table 6.1.5 Expenditure Status
No. of responses
108
5 5
14
177
I I
I I Total 177 1 100.0 1 Source: ESA Survey. ICTNew Delhi, Sepi., 2008
Percentage
61.0
3 1 .O
7.9
100.0
I
1
2 3
-- Environmental and Social Assessment
6-4
Less than 2000
2000 to 5000
More than 5000
108
55
14
61 .O 31.0
7.9
Env~ronmenfal and Social Assessmen1 Sludv
6.1.4.6 Source of Drinking Water
All the households are able to meet their requirement of water through the piped supply. They use it for drinking and other domestic purposes, as is clear from Table 6.1.6
Table 6.1.6 Source of Drinking Water
1 S. No. I Drinking water No. of responses Percentage I 1 I 1 Piped Water Supply 1 177 1 100.0 ( 1 / Total 1 177 ( 100.0 1
Source: ESA Survey, ICT New Delhr, Sepl , 2008
6.1.4.7 Use of Structure
All building structures in the project affected area are being used solely for residential purpose. Unlike other places, people are not using the available place for any commercial activity here.
6.1.5 Rag Pickers
Table 6.1.7 Use of Structures
Rag pickers form a very important group of stakeholders in the process of solid waste management. It is very natural to see rag pickers picking various kind of stuff at any landfill site. They collect all possible recyclable materials (plastics, bottles, papers) and sell them to kahadiwalas, local residents, small-scale factories etc. and their livelihood is often solely dependent on the landfill site. Any change in the existing dumping site has high chances of affecting (positive or negative) rag pickers. Some of the characteristic features of the rag pickers at 'Kadapa landfill site' are as follows:
S. No.
1
6.1.5.1 Age of Rag pickers
Most of the rag pickers working at the landfill site are above the age of 21 years. Around 20 percent of rag pickers are youths who fall in the age group of 14 to 21 years. A minor population of 2.86 percent is below the age of 14 years. The age group wise distribution of Rag Pickers is given in Table 6.1.8.
Source. ESA Survqv, ICTNetv Delhr, Sept, 2008
Use of Structures
Residential
Total
Table 6.1.8 Age of Rag pickers
No. of responses
177
177
Percentage
100.0
100.0
S. Age in years No. 1
Source: ESA Surve-v, ICT New Delhi, Sepf., 2008
1 Total
Environmental and Soc~al Assessment 6-5 Q
No. of response Percentage
35 I
100.0 1
Baseline and ESMP for Andhrn Pradesh
6.1.5.2 Sex Ratio among the Ragpickers
Of all the rag pickers working at the site, 40 percent are males and 60 percent are females. The sex ratio of rag pickers is shown in Table 6.1.9.
Table 6.1.9 Sex of Respondent
Source: ESA Szmmey, ICT New Delhi. Sepl., 2008
6.1.5.3 Reading Ability
Percentage
Amongst the Rag pickers surveyed 7 out of 35 surveyed are able to read in mother language (Telugu) and the remaining 28 persons are don't know reading
No. of responses S. 1 No.
1
2
6.1.5.4 Writing Ability
Sex
14
2 1
35
Male
Female
Total
The writing ability amongst the rag pickers is poorer than their reading ability. Only 4 persons are able to write in their local language.
100.0 1
6.1.5.5 Living Place
None of the rag pickers has hisher own place to stay. 83 percent of them rent some place for staying and 17 percent stay at some public place. (Table 6.1.10)
6.1.5.6 Migration Status
Table 6.1.10 Living place of Rag pickers
All the rag pickers at the Kadapa landfill site have been staying there from birth. None of them has migrated from any other place.
S. No. 1
2
6.1.5.7 Income
There doesn't exist much variation in per day earning of the rag pickers. All of them earn an amount ranging from Rs.50 to Rs.100 on a given day. The income of these rag pickers is shown in Table 6.1.1 1 .
Source: ESA Survey, ICT New Delhi, Sepr., 2008
Place Rented place
Public place
Total
Table 6.1.1 1 Per Day Earning of Rag pickers I
1 S. No. I Amount (Rs.) I No. o f responses 1 Percentage 1
No. of responses 29
6
35
1 I Total 35 1 100.0 1
Percentage 9( 17.1
100.0
Source. ESA Survey, ICT New Delhi, Sepc.. 2008
ESnv~ronmental and Social Assessment 6-6
Environmenral and Social Assessment Srudv
6.1.5.8 Sickness Record and Common diseases
A majority of the rag pickers, 26 out of 35 people surveyed claim to have not faced any health issues or common disease due to the harmful effects of the waste at landfill site. But 9 of them have suffered minor/major health problems especially fever as a result of working at dumping site. The illness responses are shown in Table 6.1.12.
Table 61.12 Sickness Record of Rag pickers
1 to I Ever been sick No. of responses Percentage
1
2
6.1.5.9 Access to Professional Doctors
I Total
All nine rag pickers who had health problems confirmed that they had consulted the doctors
Yes
No
35 1 100.0 (
6.1.6 Preliminary Public Consultation
Source: ESA Survey, ICT flew Delhi, Sepr.. 2008
Public consultations were organized at Vidyut Nagar and Ukkayapalli Dumping Yard in connection with the existing landfill site and associated issues. The participants included residents and shop owners of near by areas, rag pickers who work at landfill site and municipality workers. During these consultations, several environmental and social issues were discussed. Other than organizing public consultations, meetings were held with other stakeholders where various dimensions of the project were discussed. The details are given below in Table 6.1.13. The Public consultation done by consultation team is shown in Photo 6.1.1 to Photo 6.1.4.
9 26
Table 6.1.13: Public Consultation
25.7
74.3
Stakeholders
Medical Doctor near landfill site
Municipal Corporation
Dr. B. Rama Krishna Reddy
Municipal Commissioner
High increase in the incidence of malaria
Careless attitude of KMC officials
I Date
Absence of P.HC. at Akkayapally
Problems due to unmanaged industrial waste
Lack of resources in the area
Place is contaminated to a great extent.
Issues Discussed
Hepatitis B, Dysentery, Typhoid, Malaria and Asthma are common Existing process of Solid waste
Measures proposed
Basic medical facility should be ensured by the Municipality
Sanitary landfill must be provided
Use of Swarna Jayanti Sahri Rozgar Yojna for the benefit of rag pickers Co-ordination
Env~ronmental and Social Assessment 6-7
Baseline and ESMP for Andhra Pradesh
Stakeholders
Residents of Akkayapalli
I
Residents of Vidyut Nagar
L participanth Issues Discussed
management in Kadapa
Problem of rag pickers
' Public health
I Asthma, TB Uncovered Transportation of waste
Problem of flies and mosquitoes
Municipality not performing its role efficiently
Unmanaged dumping of solid waste Absence of employment opportunities in the area
Continuous reduction in sale of tea stalls, small restaurants etc
Young children involved in rag picking
Public health problems Air Pollution due to burning of solid waste
Absence of employment opportunities in the area
Measures proposed
with A.P. Pollution Control Board to look into matters of waste management
Provision of Medical treatment facility
Municipality should take proper care of the area
Odor pollution should be checked Dumping of solid waste should be managed by municipality in a proper way
A school should be provided with efficient teachers
Employment should be generated in the area Safe drinking water should be provided by government in the area.
Burning of solid waste should be stopped
Env~ronmrntal and Social Assessment 6-8
Environmental and Social Assessment Study
Photo-6.1.1 and 6.1.2: Public Consultatlon at Akkayapall~
Photo 6.1.3: Consultation with Dr. B.Rama Krishna Photo 6.1.4: Consultation with Municipal Reddy Commissioner
6.1.7 Finding
6.1.7.1 Socio-Economic Survey:
The place has a mixed population of various social castes.
Around 50 percent of the population is illiterate. Only 10 percent approx. of population is educated. Rest 40 percent have only elementary skills of reading/ writing.
A large percentage of the population is working as non-agriculture labour in this area. This can be attributed to several factors, like poverty, illiteracy, unskilled manpower and non availability of opportunities.
More than 25 percent of the population is engaged in self-employment to support their living. These are generally in the form of shops, small-scale business etc.
More than 60 percent of the population earns less than Rs.2000 in a given month. This makes their per day income to be Rs.66.66 (1.36 US$) which is not significantly more than the per day income of US $1.25 which happens to be the criteria for Below Poverty Line (BPL) as per the World Bank.
Nearly 30 percent of the population also does not earn more than Rs.5000 per month
The monthly expenditure table is exactly similar to that of income table. This clearly indicates that people residing here do not save any money for future. Either they are not sensitized to do save, or they don't have enough money to do so.
All the people of this area have access to piped water supply, which they utilise for daily use as well as drinking purposes.
Environmental and Social Assessn~ent 6-9
Baseline and ESMP for Andhra Pradesh
The only use of available building structure is for residential purposes.
6.1.7.2 Rag Pickers' Survey
Child labour is prevalent to some extent at the landfill site. Nearly 3 percent of the rag pickers are of age less than 14 years.
Rag picking in Kadapa is a female dominated profession, where 60 percent of the rag pickers are females.
Illiteracy is wildly prevalent among the rag pickers, 80 percent of them don't know how to read. The rest, who are able to read, can do so it only in their native language and that too only at an elementary level.
Writing skills are poorer than the reading skills. 90 percent of the rag pickers don't know to write.
None of the rag picker has hisher own househut/jhuggi to stay. They either rent some place (80 percent approx.) or stay at some public place.
All the rag pickers working at Kadapa landfill site are the natives of this place only. No migrant rag picker works here.
More or less, all the rag pickers earn a similar amount (Rs.50-Rs100) in a day. This depends on the amount and quality of rag that they collect and also their deal with the customer (mostly a kabadiwala)
Nearly 75 percent of the rag pickers claimed to have not fallen sick in the recent past. However, others had suffered suffered from fever.
Residents have access to a doctor and they consult in times of need.
6.1.7.3 Stakeholders consultations:
Prevalence of various kind of pollution-air/water/soiI/noise
Associated health issues in the area
People are unhappy with the functioning of Municipality Board
Municipality is thinking to relocate the landfill site to a new place
Small restaurants and tea stalls being adversely affected in Project Influence Area
Uncovered transportation of waste
Few young children are also involved in rag picking
Absence of health and educational institute in PIA
6.1.8 HeritageICultural /Religious Sites
Site was visited to identify any heritage or cultural site located in direct and indirect impact zone of MSW site. Objective was to ascertain about interventions triggering World Bank safeguards (0.P.lB.P. 4.11). There is one mosque located about 100 mts far from this site. The location of this mosque is indicated in site layout plan given in Map-6.1.2 below. Mosque which is in the vicinity of MSW site is shown in Photo 6.1.5 below. As there will be no direct impact on this site, but there may be some indirect impacts on worshipers visiting this mosque. The mitigation measures were suggested in Physical Cultural Resources (PCR) Mitigation measures Matrix given in Table 6.1.5.
Photo 6.1.5: Mosque near Akkyapalli MSW site
Environmental and Social Assessment 6-10
Baseline and ESMP for Andhra Pradesh
6.1.9 LegaUPolitical History of Site
Neither any court case nor any complaint has been registered involving landfill site.
6.1.10 Environmental and Social Management Plan
The ESMP is meant for mitigation (avoidance/reduction/management) of the negative environmental and social impacts and enhancement of the positive impacts of the various environmental and social components of the project. The major environmental and social impacts identified at the Kadapa Landfill site and their detailed mitigation and monitoring prorgrmme adopted during different stages of the project are detailed in Table 6.1.14.
Environmental and Social Assessment 6-12
Environmenral and Social Assessmenl Slrldy
Table 6.1.14 Site-Specific lmpncts during Remediation phase
Environmental and Social Assess 6-13
Environmental Component
Air and Noise
Mitigation Measures (see Section 6.1.11 for budget ).
Vehicles and machineries will have to be regularly maintained to confirm to the emission standards stipulated under Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB). Kadapa MC should take measures to avoid hazards and risks of huge amount of methane gas to atmosphere, if it is not possible to consider these MSW sites as CDM project. To prevent risk Kadapa, MC should take preventive and cautious measures to alert and aware people around the MSW sites. The bidding documents will have to include requirements to contractor to prevent pollution hazards during remediation works.
Provision of gas collection system before starting any remediation activities at Kadapa MSW site to stop release of noxious gases. Provision of Personal Protective Equipments (PPE) to all workers during the site remediation.
Compliance with vehicular exhaust emission certification for the entire machinery involved in remediation.
Dust suppression at approach roads and working area with water sprinkling facilities. DG sets must have acoustic jackets and appropriate stack heights to meet the requirements of CPCB.
Waste should be transported from source to final dumping place in specialized and covered vehicles. Regular inspection of vehicles for safe transportation will
Activity
Movement of Vehicles, Excavating activities, Filling activities, transportation of waste. Land preparation, Operation DG Set and other machinery etc
Site-Specific Impacts
Excavation of waste and soil activities will lead to dust pollution in working area.
MSW waste excavation work during site preparation/remediation w i l l release noxious gases in ~ i ~ l , ~ ~ concentrations of these gases are fatal.
Beside this there may be some odour problem during excavation of solid waste and sediments.
The operation of DG sets may lead to gaseous pollution apart from generating particulate matter.
Operation macllinery, vehicles and DG sets will lead to noise pollution in the working area.
Baseline and ESMP for Andhra Pvadesh
Environmental and Social Assessme 6-14
Mitigation Measures (see Section 6.1.11 for budget ).
be a responsibility of contractor for which requirements will have to be included in the bidding documents.
Contractor must obtain consent from Andhra Pradesh Pollution Control Board before starting remediation work.
To ensure the efficacy of the mitigation measures suggested, air quality monitoring should be carried out at least two times during remediation period. The SPM, RSPM, CO, S02, and NOx levels will be monitored for air quality.
It will be assured by contractor that only high land areas will be selected for excavation of soil. Soil will be use only from soil deposits notified by respective authorities.
Soil will be excavated in consultation with farmers and agricultural department and all fertile soil will be stored at some place so that this soil will be replaced back in farms after completion of excavation activity.
In case of any contamination of soil due to leakage or spillage, that soil will be immediately removed and replaced with fresh soil,
To ensure the of the mitigation measures suggested, soil quality monitoring should be carried out at least two times during remediation period.
State pollution control boards, and Municipal commissioner of respective states should ensure that every MSW sites must be provided with lechate
Environmental Component
Soil
Ground Water
Activity
Excavation, Filling
Remediation
Site-Specific Impacts
Soil will be used for developing parks and landscaping at MSW site Akkayya Palli (Kadapa)
The area of this municipal solid waste site is 10.85 acres. As there are big heaps of waste the surface area of these sites is much more than the area of these sites, large amount of fresh soil will be required for remediation. This soil, if brought from agricultural fields, may lead to loss of productive soil and may develop low lying fields in nearby areas.
Soil contamination due to leakage of oil and chemicals from vehicles and machinery.
Contamination of soil by solid wastes.
There are chances that groundwater may contaminate due to lechate from MSW site, mainly in rainy seasons. This may leads to
Envrronmen~ul and Social Assessmrn~ Study
Environmental and Social Assess 6-15
Environmental Component
Surface Water
Activity
Remediation
Site-Specific Impacts
contamination of ground water.
Pressure on Drinking water and for other domestic use due to influx of labour and other staff.
During remediation process, MSW might spread over a wide area, due to flood and rain which may lead to contamination of other surface water resources in this area.
Mitigation Measures (see Section 6.1.11 for budget ).
collection system to prevent ground and surface water contamination.
It should be assured by contractor that all excavated MSW will be placed at a safe place, so that it does not spread during the rainy season or due to floods.
Contractor must give an assurance that all activities associated with remediation will be carried out under the supervision of an environmental specialist. Also contractor will assure that all this work will be done during non -monsoon season.
Contractor will ensure supply of extra requirement of drinking water for influx population.
To ensure the efficacy of the mitigation measures, ground water quality monitoring shall be carried out at least two times during remediation.
Drinking water parameters should be monitored to check the water quality during remediation process.
It should be assured by contractor that all excavated MSW will be placed at a safe place, so that it does not spread during the rainy season or due to floods. Any temporary storage on site during excavation will be only permitted if impermeable and safe platforms are built and used.
Contractor must give an assurance that all activities associated with remediation will be carried out under the supervision of an environmental specialist. Also contractor will assure that all this work will be done during non monsoon season.
Baselrne a t~d ESMP for Atldhra Pradesh
Environmental Component
Noise
Flora and fauna
Site-Specific Impacts
Health Impacts and disturbance in working.
In Kadapa there are a few birds which may be adversely affected as a result of site closure.
Pressure on trees, vegetation and aquatic resources.
Tree cutting.
Activity
Movement of Vehicles, Excavation, Land preparation, Operation of DG set and other machinery etc
Remediation of site
Mitigation Measures (see Section 6.1.11 for budget ).
The equipment used for remediation will strictly confirm to CPCB noise standards. Vehicles and equipments used shall be fitted with exhaust silencers. During routine servicing operations, the effectiveness of exhaust silencers shall be checked and if found to be defective shall be replaced. The noise level from any machinery (measured at one metre from the edge of the equipment in free field) such as compactors, front end loaders, and cranes, shall not exceed 75 dB (A), as specified in the Environmental Protection Rules, 1986.
Within 150m of the nearest habitation, noise creating activities will be stopped during the night time between 9:00 p.m. and 6:00 a.m. No noisy activities will be permitted around the silence zones, a distance of lOOm from the sensitive receptors as hospitals, educational institutions etc.
To protect workers from severe noise impacts, noise standards will be strictly enforced, and workers shall be provided with Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) such as earplugs.
To ensure the efficacy of the mitigation measures suggested, noise level monitoring shall be carried out at least every month during remediation.
Municipality, with help of NGO's should develop a rehabilitation program for all affected fauna
Chances of labourers and other staff engaged in remediation activities put a pressure on trees for fuel wood and temporary huts, vegetables and aquatic resources.
If there will be requirement of tree felling during
Environmental and Social Assessment S l u 4
Environmental and Social Assess 6-17
Mitigation Measures (see Section 6.1.11 for budget ).
remediation process, then permission for tree felling will be sought as per the guidelines of Andhra Pardesh State Government.
No mitigation measures is required
Site fencing plantation and vegetation development and other landscaping measures will be required to improve
Approach road from Vidut Nagar (Habitation Near Site) to main road is in poor condition and needs improvement after remediation. Also site of Kadapa is very close to Kadapa-Tirupati (Tirupati is famous Religious place) Highway, which is used by pilgrims and as such should be given special attention. A detailed plan to ensure protection and unobstructed use of Physical Cultural Resources will be prepared during Appraisal Mission, Dec. 2 - 12, 2008, to fulfill all requirements of World Bank OP/BP J. 1 I .
Proper traffic management by local administration
In case of loss of livelihood, compensation for the transition period will be provided to all affected persons.
In case of ragpickers who are losing their income
Site-Specific Impacts
Wildlife
Aesthetics
Traffic
Livelihood
No wild life is found near the site
Excavation of waste, site preparation and associated construction activities.
Movement of Vehicles, Excavating activities, Filling activities, transportation of waste. Land preparation and construction activities
RernediationIClosure of sites
None
Visual and aesthetics loss
Increased traffic movements, dust
Closure of Akkayapalli MSW site will leads to 40 rag pickers (List of these ragpickers has been enclosed as Annexured.1) jobless. Out of these
Ba.~el;ne and ESAfPfor Andhra Prudesh
Environmental Component
Livelihood (continued )
Activity Site-Specific Impacts
40 ragpickers 25 are children and 15 are adult. Per day income of these rag pickers is about Rs 100- 150. . ~h~~~ wil l impact on three shopkeeper's income at ~~d~~~ MSW, during remediation.
There are pig farms in villages surrounding this site. The farms have 200-250 pigs dependent on this waste. Site closure wil l directly impact the survival of these pigs and ultimately income of the owners.
Mitigation Measures (see Section 6.1.11 for budget ).
permanently, besides giving them compensation, provisions will be made to employ some of them in remediation and post-remediation maintenance work; others will be engaged in vocational and handicraft training; some of them may receive grant seed money to purchase auto-rickshawlpaddle rickshaw, etc. All this rehabilitation work will be carried out with the help of local NGOs.
One list for possible vocational training for these ragpickers and affected persons has been included in this report for reference as Annexure-6.2. In the unlikely and unforeseen case of temporary land acquisition, conditions of mutually agreed contract between contractor and owner of land will be followed.
Measures to compensate pig farmers in the communities (i.e., when pigs may lose their food source upon closure of the MSW site) will be provided in the form of training by NGOs in creating alternate options for more sustainable, higher-yield livelihoods than pig farming. Alternate options may include production of poultry, aquaculture, flower cultivation, local resource- based handicrafts like handmade paper, pottery, candle making, composting etc.
All persons listed as having income streams interrupted due to project activities will be compensated according to national and World Bank social safeguards policy guidelines.
Note: the few rag pickers at this cluster of sites are not collecting waste as their sole livelihood source, as the sites do not contain sufficient valuable waste. These individuals will be included in plans to train project-
Env~ronmenlal and Social Assessment Stuh;
Environmental Component
Shelters
Agriculture activities
Employment
Infrastructure
Activity
Remediation/Closure of sites
RemediationIClosure of sites
Remediation/Closure of sites
Remediation/Closure of sites.
Site-Specific Impacts
Three families consisting of 15 rag pickers are living in shed near Kadapa MSW site. All these rag pickers will lose their shelter permanently.
There are no agricultural activities in the vicinity of this site.
Some employment will be generated as a result of remediation work
As a result of remediation work lot of temporary and permanent Infrastructure will be developed during remediation work.
Mitigation Measures (see Section 6.1.11 for budget ).
affected peoples in alternate, improved livelihoods.
Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) for these affected families has been prepared separately and annexed as Annexure -6.3 in this report.
No mitigation measure is required.
No mitigation measure is required.
No mitigation measure is required.
Basel~ne and ESMP for Andhra Pradesh
1 and 13.30h to illow midday prayers to take 1 Supervisor I 1 1 I I place respectfully on week days or time may / I Increased number of I Integral part of (
Imam of mosque. I -+ worshippers on Fridays between Contractor Site
12.00h and 2.Obh or time may be finalized Supervisor with the Imam of mosaue. I
- .
agreement with 1 contractor.
) Access to the mosque coniplex I Establish a truck dispatching program to I Contractor Site / Comparison with baseline I ~ ~ ~ ~ o n i t o r i n g ) - . -
[ avoid congestion ( Supervisor 1 cons"1tation data k n d : d n o i s e - I Pace the relay of trucks to avoid queuing and I Contractor Site I Number of grievances APPCB
Air quality deterioration
Safety of worshipers
Health hazards
- -
I The contractor should be informed about the PCR impacts and requested to conduct an induction program to all relevant staff prior to the commencement of activities that outlines, among other things, codes of conduct to ensure that mitigation measures are respected.
Disfigurat ion
Stakeholder discontent
--
idling engine-s -
a) Pace the relay of trucks to avoid queuing and idling engines b) Remove waste immediately not allowing it to remain on site and dry out Establish a speed limit of no more than 20 km/hr within 500m site must be provided with caution signs. a) Hern~etically seal the containers to prevent spills and leaks b) Monitoring of ground water used in mosque. Landscaping
Display project progress information at Mosque.
Supervisor
Contractor Site Supervisor
APPCB with Transport and Road authorities? Contractor Site Supervisor APPCB
Contractor landscaper
APPCB
- recorded
Number of grievances recorded
Number of accidents
Number of accidents
Improved water quality
APPCB
APPCB
APPCB
APPCB
Comparison with baseline consultation data
Bi-annual sample test results
Incorporate in landscaping activities of reniediation. APPCB
Environmental and Social Assessment S t u d
6.1.11 Environmental and Social Management Budget
The cost of Environmental and Social Management ESM has been calculated considering different components of environmental and social ~llitigatio~l and nlanagenlent plan described above, Environment monitoring cost was calculated based on the site specific environmental issues from Kadapa landfill sites. The Social development cost was calculated for project affected population. It is also proposed to organize a awareness workshop twice in year for a period o f five year. The details o f the above cost are given in table 6.1.15 and 6.1.16
Table 6.1.15 Environmental Monitoring Cost
1 Parameters, 1 Kadapa site
Air Quality
Parameters
L SPM, RPM, NOx, SOX, CO>CH4
SPM, RPM, NOx, SOX, CO,CH4
Environmental and Social Assess 6-2 1
Basellne and ESMP for Andhra Pradcsh
Parameters, I Kadapa site Project I Andhra Stage Pradesh
Soil 1 Remediation stage
Remediation stage
Parameters
7 1 As per requirements of Agriculture soil
As per the
of Agriculture
Location
Two locations
Frequency
Three samples in a year except monsoon season.
Three samples in
except monsoon season. For Three years
Standards
Soil Quality Standards for Agricultural soil with added parameter of type of contaminant prevalent in I that area. I
Approximate cost (Rs)
( Sub-Total Monitoring Cost (Rs.) Five Lakhs and Fifty Two Thousand only L552000.00
Environmental and Social Assessme 6-24
Environmental and Social Assessment S t u 4
Table 6.1.16 Social Management Plan (SMP) cost for Kadapa MSW site, Andhra Pradesh
A / Social Safe guard Cost 1 I Workshov I 180000 / vear 1 - / 5 vears
Component
( 2 ( Awareness 1 180000lyear I - / 5 years
Cost per day/ month/ year
development trainin Assistance for 25lday 25 225 days school going i children
Campaign Skill
Numbe r of persons
measures (Remediation workers)
Sub Total (A)
25000lyear
5 6
Compensation Resettlement
No. of days/ months / years
Compensation
Amount (Rs-)
1 5
Cost / 25000 (for
1 year
40 1 year 40 5
--
shelter loss) + 20000 (construction of new shelter) per family one time lumpsum cost
ID cards Safety
500 1000 /year
I R2
R3
I Total (A+B) 1 2971000.00 1 67000 1 I land
Sub total (B)
Total ESMP cost for Kadapa MSW site
Income Restoration Acquisition of
435000.00
100 /day
Nil
10000
Cost Component
1 Total
Environmental Monitoring
SMP Cost
Environmental and Soclal Assessment 6-25
40
Nil
Cost (Rs) Cost (US $)
552000.00
297 100.00
75 days
Nil
12500
67000
300000.00
0.00
7000
0
Baseline and ESMP for Andhra Pradesh
6.2 BASELINE ENVlRONiMENTAL AND SOCIAL SETTING OF NOOR MOHAMMAD KUNTA
6.2.1 Introduction
The baseline environmental status is based on primary and secondary data collected through on-site field observations and previous studies carried out by A.P. Pollution Control Board, and records of Health Departments and Primary Health Centers and Clinics, Industrial Estate, Socio-Economic Surveys and public consultations around site. The following environmental and social components of Noor Mohammad Kunta Lake were focused on during this study:
Physical environment comprising climate, topography, geology, air and Noise quality, water quality etc.
Ecological environment consisting of flora and fauna of study area.
Socio-Economic environment consisting Demographic profile, Occupational structure, Health issues, Educational status, and Literacy status, etc.
Noor Mohammad Kunta is a small lake located in Katedan Industrial Estate of Rajendranagar Municipality adjoining Hyderabad City. Geographically, this water body is situated 78'26' East longitude and 17'18'45" North latitude on the southern suburbs of Hyderabad City. The northern part of the lake is bounded by a big hillock, whereas open lands with sparse habitation form the southern boundary of the lake.
Photo 6.2.1 and Photo 6.2.2: Lake view and its surrounding
6.2.2 Physical Environment
5.2.2.1 Topography and Drainage
The area is gently sloping towards north with the Katedan industrial area located in the highest elevated areas to the south. The highest and lowest elevation recorded in the study area are 570 m and 520 m above MSL respectively. The industrial area is separated from the downstream residential areas a railway line and an interstate highway. The overall drainage of the area consists of six man-made lakes (cheruvu), Noor Mohammad cheruvu, Chilan cheruvu, Ura cheruvu, Narsabaigunta cheruvu, Devu llama cheruvu and Mir Alam tank that are interconnected by small streams or nullah or creeks.
6.2.2.2 Climate
The area under investigation is semi arid. The area receives an average rainfall of 750 mm from the southwest and northeast monsoons. The highest precipitation generally occurs during the southwest monsoon in the months of June - September. The area becomes uncomfortably hot during summer months and pleasantly cold during winter months. Mean monthly temperatures range from 18" to 35" C. The maximum temperature rises to 43OC during mid summers. The temperature gradually rises from the month of January and reaches
Environmental and Social Assessment 6-26
Environmental and Social Assessmen1 Studv
maximum in the month of April and May and decreases gradually from June and reaches minimum in the month of December (10" C). The high temperature prevailing in this region causes heavy evapo-transpiration losses from surface and sub-surface water bodies.
6.2.2.3 Hot-spot of study area
As per a study carried out by NGRI and NGI, 2005, areas with high soil contamination for all the heavy metals had been summarized to establish the maximum contamination at a place. These locations of highest concentrations are identified as hotspots for further study (Refer Map 6.2.1).
Map 6.2.1: Hotspot ofNMK site
6.2.3 Pollution Issues of affected area
The NM Kunta Lake lies in the Katedan Industrial Estate (KIE). The KIE was set up to accommodate small/ medium scale industrial units by the Andhra Pradesh Industrial infrastructure Corporation (APIIC). The total area of the industrial estate is 250 acres. As per the APIIC, there are about 550- 600 industrial units in the KIE, of which more than 90 % are small-scale units and the remaining are medium scale units. About 75 of these units are registered with the APPCB. KIE houses a number of industries such as food industries (16%), lead extraction units ( 1 3%), oil refining units (1 0%), cement industries (8%) and textile units (6%). Most of the units are small-scale industries other than textile milIs and oil refineries, which are medium scale industries. No industry in KIE has its own effluent treatment plant (ETP) hence they discharge untreated effluent to the said lake.
Environmental and Soc~al Assessment 6-27
Baselrne and ESMP for Andhra Pradeslz
6.2.3.1 Air Quality
Intense odor pollution related health problems such as asthma, difficulty in normal breathing, vomiting have been reported by local inhabitants on both ends of Noor Mohammad Kunta during rainy season. Residential Areas around Noor Mohammad Kunta are adversely affected by intense odour pollution as complained local inhabitants during public consultation processes in KIE and N. G. Ranga University campus. Foul smell becomes
Table 6.2.1 below indicates that Photo 6.2.3- Truck parking
ambient air quality is within the prescribed limit of Central Pollution Control Board. It is observed by APPCB that this air pollution is due to effluent emissions from industries running in KIE.
Table 6.2.1 Ambient Air Quality of Rajendra Nagar
1 ci 1 Parameters Concentration
(ug/m3)
6.2.3.2 Noise Quality
CBCP Limit for Residential Area
I 1 I
2
Noise data is not available for the KlE area. Although noise is not an issue in the study area, as discussed with local people they responded that during night they feel some noise disturbance. On site wastewater treatment plant construction was in progress, which leads to some noise. The construction of this plant will generate some noise for a temporary phase. The permanent source of noise in this area is traffic movement on National Highway-7 and industries in operation in KIE area.
6.2.3.3 Water QualiCy
3 1 SO2 4.2 80
Suspended Particulate Matter (SPM)
Respirable Suspended Particulate
Both surface as well as ground water quality has consistently deteoriated due to discharge of untreated industrial effluents as no industry in the Katedan Industrial has effluent treatment plants.
Surface water quality: The secondary data analysis on the NM Kunta water quality (March 2004 to June 2005) based on analysis of two seasons (monsoon and post-monsoon) sampling was carried out by APPCB. The pH of the water during March 04 and June 05 ranged from 6.8 to 8.2.
Matter (RSPM) -- -
140
57
Environmental and Soc~al Assessment 6-28
200
100
Envrronnlenlal and Social Assessment Study
The pH at the inlet and outlet did not show any significant variation. As far as pH of the water is concerned, it shows "Class B - Desirable" class of water as per CPCB's basic water quality criteria (pH 6.5 - 9.0). The TDS in the lake water varied in the range of 2100 to 3285 mgll. These values are far higher than the limits specified by CPCB's water quality criteria for C- acceptable class water (50-100 mgil). The TDS in the three inlet streams showed significant variation from a minimum of 2700 mgll to a maximum of 19500 m d l . The APPCB monitoring data shows that the chlorides and sulphate concentration in the lake water generally varies in the range of 850 to 1050 mgll and 126 to 626 mgll respectively. The BOD and COD of the lake water ranges form 40 mgll to 290 mgil and 160 mg/l to 750 mgil respectively.
Ground water quality: In order to assess the impact of the lake water pollution, ground water samples were collected by APPCB as part of monsoon sampling from two bore wells upstream from the lake near the railway track in Shanti Nagar and down stream at about 200m between NH-7 and boundary of the lake near agricultural university. The ground water quality is comparable with the Indian drinking water standards (IS: 10500). TDS in the entire ground water sample was in the higher range of 2924 - 3280 mgil, compared to the desirable and permissible limits of 500 and 2000 mgll. The hardness of the ground water samples was also significantly higher than the desirable and permissible limits of 300 and 500 mgll, respectively. Similarly, chlorides and sulfates in the ground water were also in excess of the desired limit of 250 and 200 mgll, respectively.
6.2.3.4 Heavy Metals
The results of APPCB show the presence of various heavy metals in the lake water at different concentrations. As per the results the lake water can be classified under Class B. Neverthless, Cadmium and Manganese are present in significant concentrations. The Cadmium concentration is exceeding the desirable class B but was within class C limits. In lake water, lead (Pb) and copper (Cu) was found exceeding the quality criteria of C class water.
The bore wells selected for monsoon sampling shows the concentration of lead (Pb) in significant quantities. These bore wells are located one on the upstream side and another on the down stream side along the discharge channel.
6.2.3.5 Soil and Sediment Quality of Lake
The soil samples analyzed show the presence of significant heavy metals. The sediment samples were collected from the upper 10 cm. Noor Mohammad lake is acting as a sink for the contaminants with 4 to 10 times higher concentrations than the two other lakes downstream Chilan and Ura. During the dry period most of the discharge from the industrial area is reaching the Noor Mohammad lake and little water is available for downstream.
6.2.3.6 Sludge Quality of the Lake
The pH of sludge shows its alkaline nature. Heavy metals such as Copper, Chromium, Zinc, Lead, Iron, Manganese, and Nickel are present in significant quantities in the sludge collected from various parts of the lake. The presence of these heavy metals in the sludge indicates the pollution of the water body potentially from industrial sources. Concentration of heavy metals is very high in the sludge of inflow channels in comparison with the lake sludge.
6.2.3.7 Solid Waste Status of Industrial Area
The industrial units in KIE generate about 200 MT of solid waste per month. Based on the waste generation source and nature of waste details available, solid waste generated in the estate is grouped into (i) hazardous, (ii) recyclable and (iii) reusable waste. Around 70 MTImonth of hazardous waste, comprising 37 percent of the total solid waste, is generated. As per the details available, most of the hazardous waste is sent to Storage, Treatment and Disposal Facility hazardous waste disposal site; a small portion of around 0.45 MTImonth is sold by the industries. It can be observed that as high as 63 percent of solid waste generated is
Environmental and Social Assessment 6-29
Baseline and ESMP for Andhra Pradesh
either recycled or reused. Thus, the data shows that the industries in KIE do not generate any solid waste that needs to be disposed off on land, except the hazardous waste. The solid waste such as metal scrap, ETP sludge, paints, waste dyes and dye intermediate, waste oil is generated from various industries in the KIE. However, the information on the authorizations obtained by these industries was not available.
6.2.4 Social Issues of Affected Area
Noor Mohammad Kunta falls in the Rajendra Nagar (RN) Municipality of Ranga Reddy District. The Rajendra Nagar Municipality is divided into 9 revenue wards. The Noor Mohammad Kunta study area falls in ward no. 6 of the Municipality. A socio economic profile of the project-affected arealpopulation is essential to create database and develop indicators for the evaluation of the project impact. To understand the socio-economic context of the proposed project and for providing necessary inputs for social analysis of the project, relevant baseline data on socio-economic and cultural conditions were collected from various available primary and secondary sources like personal observation and enquiry, consultation with knowledgeable persons of the villages, etc.
On the basis of social survey, demographic features of the population, social categories, literacy level and economy of the population in the project influence area have been assessed.
The Project Influence Area (PIA) of the project comprises residential settlements located near the HW site. Described below is the socio-economic analysis of the PIA near which the landfill site is situated. The description of concerned population includes all the people who are directly or indirectly affected by the project.
The following are identified group of people who are likely to be affected by the project concerning the landfill site at Noor Mohammad Kunta:
People living in areas located near landfill site
Rag pickers including men, women and children
People running small-scale businesses near the landfill site
Any other person/s generating livelihood through involvement with landfill site.
The details of socio-economic survey and public consultations are presented in the following sections:
6.2.5 Social Profile of the Project Influence Area (PIA) in Noor Mohammad Kunta, Hyderabad.
6.2.5. I Population
The total population of ward No. 6 of Rajendra Nagar Municipality is 23,669, which is about 16 percent of the total population of 143,240 ofthe RN Municipality area. Total population of study area comprises 10% SC, 2.7% ST, 42% OBC and 29% General category population.
6.2.5.2 Social Category
The collected data indicates that the most of the people residing in PIA are of OBC caste i.e. 42 percent, followed by 29 percent of General category. There are 16 percent and 6 percent households whose residents belong to Scheduled Castes and Schedule Tribe respectively. The details have been given in Table 6.2.2
--- Env~ronmental and Social Assessment
6-30
Environmental and Social Assessment Stub
Table 6.2.2 Social stratification
Source: ESA Survey, ICT New Delhi, Sept., 2008
6.2.5.3 Education Stntus
No.
1
2
3
4
5
Only 3 percent of the affected households can be said to be among the well-educated ones whereas 9 percent are completely illiterate. 28 percent of the population is just literate and 60 percent of the people are educated. The education level of study area is shown in Table 6.2.3.
No. of responses
18
7
46
32
6
109
Social Categories
SC
ST
OBC
General
Disabled
Total
Table 6.2.3 Education Status
Percentage
16.5
6.4
42.2 -
29.4
5.5
100.0
1 S. No. 1 Education Status No. of responses Percentage
1 I Illiterate I 10 1 9.2 (
1 3 / Educated I 65 1 59.6 1 4 1 Well Educated 1 3 1 2.7 1
2 3 1 - - -
Literate
6.2.5.4 Employment Stntus
28.4
Total
As far as employment of the population is concerned, 100 percent of the population has some means of earning a livelihood. A majority of 36 percent of the population is involved in govt. /private jobs. This is followed by labourers who constitute 26 percent of the population. Rest of the residents find their source of Iivelihood by engaging themselves in other activities like Business, (21%), Self Employment, (15%) and farming, (2%). The employment status of study area is given in Table 6.2.4.
Source: ESA Survey. ICT New Delhi. Sepl.. 2008
109 100.0 1
Table 6.2.4 Employment Status of PIAs
1 3 ( Job I 39 1 35.8 1
S. No. Employment Status
1
2
No. of responses
Self employment
Business
4
5
Environmental and Social Assessment 6-3 1
Percentage
I Total 109
16
23
Farming
Labourers
100.0 1
14.7
2 1.1
.Source: ESA Survey. ICTNew Delhi. Sept., 2008
2
29
---
1.8
26.6
Basel~ne and ESMP for Andhra Pradesh
6.2.5.5 Monthly Income
Nearly half of the population, 46 percent earns more than Rs.5000 every month. 38 percent of the residents have a monthly income ranging from Rs.2000 to Rs.5000 and 14 percent earn less than Rs.2000 in a month. The income and expenditure category of respondent is given in Table 6.2.5 and Table 6.2.6. Again1.83 percent of respondents did not share any information regarding their monthly income with the interviewer.
Table 6.2.5 Income Status
1 S. No. 1 Monthly income (Rs.)
6.2.5.6 Monthly Expenditure
3
4
The expenses made in a month are in accordance with the monthly income of the households. 14 percent of people spend an amount less than Rs.2000 every month.38 percent of people spent Rs.2000 to Rs.5000 in a month and 46 percent spend more than Rs.5000 monthly. Again, 2 percent of the respondents did not answer this question.
No. of Responses
Table 6.2.6 Expenditure Status
Percentage
Source: ESA Survey, ICT New Delhi, Sep!., 2008
More than 5000
Did not respond
Total
No. of responses Percentage I I
- -
50
2
109
1 S. No.
- - -
45.9
1.8
100.0
Monthly Income
6.2.5.7 Source of Drinking Water
-
4
A majority of 86 percent population have access to piped water supply which they use for drinking as well as other domestic purposes. 12 percent of the population rely on hand pump to meet their needs, and 2 percent fetch water from the nearby spring. The source of drinking water in study area is given in Table 6.2.7.
.Source: ESA Survey, ICT New Delhi, Sep!., 2008
Did not respond
Total
Table 6.2.7 Source of Drinking Water
Environmental and Social Assessment 6-32
2 109
No. of Responses
1 2 3
1.8
100.0
Percentage
Source: ESA Survev, ICT iVew Delhi. Sep!., 2008
Piped Water Supply Hand Pump Spring
Total
94 13 2
109
86.2 11.9
1.8 100.0
Environmental and Socral Assessment Sludv
6.2.5.8 Use of Structures Over 95 percent of the population makes use of the available structure only for residential purpose and 4 percent use it both for residential as well as commercial purpose. Only 1 percent of the population uses it for other purposes. However none of the household utilizes the structure solely for commercial purpose. The type of structure present in study area is given in Table 6.2.8.
6.2.6 Preliminary Public Consultations
Table 6.2.8 Use of Structures
Public consultations have been conducted in and around the Noor Mohammad Kunta land fill site with the residents, rag pickers, small vendors and municipality workers working at the site. Several environmental and social issues were discussed with the stakeholders during these meetings. Private Clinics were also visited besides Govt. Primary Health Center in Rajendra Nagar and ESI Dispensary to discuss the health problems prevailing in the area. The details are given in Table 6.2.9.
Table 6.2.9 Public Consultations
S. No.
Stakeholders
Use of Structures No. of responses
Medical Doctor near site
Percentage
1
2
3
4
Medical Doctor near site
Dr. S. Krishna, Netaji Nagar
Source: ESA Surve-v, ICT New Delhi, Sepr., 2008
Residential Commercial
Residential cum Commercial
Others
Total
Dr. Sita Ram, Sri Ram Nagar
Date
104 0
4
I
109
Issues Discussed
95.4 0.00
3.6 0.9
100.00
Skin Diseases are the major problems for the people of
I the nearby areas of lake side
Diarrhea, Jaundice and Asthma are
I common
Majority of patients 1 are from industrial
labour class
Problems due to unmanaged industrial waste
Place is contaminated to a great extent.
Hepatitis B, Dysentery, Typhoid, Malaria and Asthma are common
Measures proposed
Basic medical facility should be ensured by the Municipality
Sanitary landfill must be provided
Sensitization of people for healthy practices
Alternative
--
Environmental and Social Assessment 6-33
Baseline and ESMP /or Andhra Pradesh
Stakeholders
Medical Doctor near site
Residents staying near the site
-- Dr. P. Padmavati, Sri Ram Nagar
40
Date Issues Discussed
Rainy season witnesses the maximum number of patients
The average cost for treatment of water borne diseases ranges from Rs. 100 to Rs.300
Place is contaminated to a great extent.
Lack of resources in the area
Problem of rag pickers
Diarrhea, Jaundice and Asthma are common in the area
Majority of patients are from industrial labour class
Problems of uncovered waste transportation
Contamination of land ,
Public health problems
Odor Pollution due to dumping and rotting of biodegradable waste.
Industrial emission from KIE is primarily responsible for pollution of air in surrounding areas
Heavy traffic on NH - 7, resulting in air and noise pollution
Air Pollution due
Measures proposed
Income generation shall be promoted among labourers
Rag pickers should use safety measures
Municipality should ensure covered transportation of waste
Provision of Medical treatment facility should be made in the area
Odor pollution should be monitored and managed
Dumping of solid waste should be managed by municipal in proper way.
Burning of solid waste should be stopped.
Safe drinking water should be provided by government in the area ground
Envlronrr~ental and Soc~al Assessment 6-33
Environmental and Social Assessment Stu&
Issues Discussed
to burning of solid waste
Absence o f employment opportunities in the area
A sharp decline in sale of Sweets Shops, tea shops and small restaurants
Apprehension regarding displacement the people
Of
I
Measures proposed
water contamination.
Provision of Medical treatment facility
Photo 6.2.4: Public Consultations in Kutedan Photo 6.2.5: Public Consultation in PG Hostel Industrial Esraie N. G Ranga Unrversity Rajendra Nagar
Photo 6.2.6 : Consulratlon with Member secretary Photo 6.2.7 Consultation wirh Professor T. Andhra Pradesh Pollution Control Board Ramesh in N G Ranga University
Environnlental and Social Assessment 6-35
Baseline and ESMP for Andhra Pradesh
6.2.7 Findings
6.2.7.1 Socio-Economic Survey
The area around the landfill site has a mixed population from various categories.
Hindus and Muslims are the religious groups present near the site.
Various caste groups are also present; there are people from Scheduled Caste, Other Backward Caste, and General category.
A minor population of disabled persons is also present.
90 percent of the population is literate in this area, but around 60 percent of total population can be said to be educated.
More than one-third of the population residing in nearby areas have jobs in govt./private enterprises. The second most common source of earning livelihood is through non- agriculture labour.
A good number of people (approx 35 percent) are also involved in some kind of self- employment or business.
Nearly half of the populations' monthly income does not exceed Rs.5000. This may not be an indicator of extreme poverty, but household conditions cannot be said to be in a good state.
Most of the people have access to piped supply water in their homes which is utilized for drinking and other domestic purposes.
Others rely on hand pumps and water taps installed at the roadside.
The primary use of available building structure is being done for residential purpose. Very few people also use it for their commercial interests.
6.2.7.2 Public and Stakeholders consultations:
A lot many diseases are prevailing in the areas falling near the landfill site.
The prominent ones are Malaria, Dengue Cholera, Hepatitis B, Dysentery, Diarrhea, Typhoid.
Odour pollution due to unmanaged waste and uncovered transportation of waste is one of the major issues.
Contamination of land needs to be stopped.
Employment should be generated in the area.
Diminishing business activities in the Project Influence Area
6.2.8 Public Complaints
The site has a more than 10 years old history of public resentment. Local residents, AP Agricultural University and farmers in close vicinity have often complained about pollution of surface and Ground water in the area owing to contamination of the lake.
There are many complaints records with APPCB but immediate information on this was not available. The APPCB is considering relocation of the industries from Katedan Industrial Estate and remediation of this lake.
6.2.9 Cultural/Religious Properties
NMK Site was visited to identify any heritage or cultural or religious site located in direct and indirect impact zone of HW site. Objective was to ascertain about interventions triggering World Bank safeguards (O.P.1B.P. 4.1 1). There is one mosque and Dargah located vicinity of NMK lake. The location of this mosque is indicated in site layout plan Map 6.2.2. As there will be direct impact on this religious site,
--
Environmental and Soc~al Assessment 6-36
Environmental and Social Assessment Stu&
but there may be some indirect impacts on worshipers visiting Temple and other mosque located near to this site. The mitigation measures were suggested in Impacts and Mitigation measures for Religious and cultural site at NMK (see section 6.2.1 1) of this chapter.
The Masjid-0-Darga ofNoor Mohammad Kunta Lake's location is contiguous to the fully fenced-in waste water management plant where the contaminated lake is located. As such its Southern property boundary is directly in line with the property boundary of the Mohammad Kunta Lake site. This cultural site will therefore be subject to direct impact from the remediation activities.
At site visit time, the original building of the mosque was under construction undertaken by stakeholders to enlarge the overall building in order to house the growing number of worshipers. Construction, funded by friends and worshipers, has been underway since March 2007 and is expected to be completed by February 2009. Prior to enlargement works, the pattern of visitation was approximately of 8/10 people daily and around 50 people at Friday prayer. Whereas the provenance of worshipers consists mostly of individuals working in the immediate area, due to the completion of the new Hyderabad airport, significant growth in numbers of attendees was witnessed. This prompted stakeholders to enlarge the venue, for not only the new airport and road acted as a growth engine in terms of small businesses being established along the access road (National Highway #7) and thus swelling the number of worshippers, but stakeholders have observed itinerant visitations to the mosque by travelers to the airport that find it convenient to halt momentarily for prayer prior to boarding. Thus the expansion of the mosque was made in expectation of around 50 people daily and about 200 attendees to the Friday prayer.
Due to construction, original faithful are frequenting nearby mosques for their regular worship while the Dargah, which is located directly behind the mosque e.g., actual entrance (See Photo 6.2.8), is still being visited. However there is no regular pattern of visitation and the number of worshipers are not significant. This being said, a few faithful still visit the mosque for daily prayers despite its inhospitable current state and stakeholders expect original worshippers to come back because of the convenience afforded by the short distance from surrounding businesses. Whereas the majority of this group of worshippers reaches the mosque by foot or on bicycle, as previously mentioned itinerant worshippers use motor vehicles. Therefore the front area of the mosque will be used for parking. The approximate area shall consist of about 15 m. (depth from faqade to highway) by 10 m.
The Masjid-0-Darga of Noor Mohmmad Kunta Lake is in fact a U-shaped complex that not only includes the mosque and the Dargah but also a smaller mosque for women (See Photo 6.2.9), a narrow strip of land that leads to the unpaved back road and to a larger property used as a cemetery where guard premises, facing National Highway # 7, are also being built.
Env~ronmental and Social Assessment 6-37
Baseline and ESMP for Andhra Prudesh
Overall stakeholders were very receptive to the project and repeatedly stated that they would not cause any obstruction to it as they had been waiting for remediation for the last few decades (See Photo 6.2.10: Consultation with Mosque & Dargah management). The mission tried to elicit whether they believed that project interventions could cause disruption to the practice of worship but the response was dismissive as the prospect of being relieved from the strong odor that pervades the area was welcomed and eagerly awaited. The mission impressed on the stakeholders that despite this favorable prospective turn of events, they should be aware that remediation would imply increased vehicular traffic, dust, noise and odor during the clean-up activities.
Photo 6.2.10: Consultation with Mosque and Photo 6.2.1 1. Graveyard view from Highway Daragh Management
In addition to the Masjid-0-Darga of Noor Mohmmad Kunta Lake's cemetery, which is private and exclusively Muslim, about 100 yards north of the HW site's entrance along National Highway #7, there is another municipally owned cemetery. This graveyard has an indistinct oblong shape that runs along National Highway # 7 (the property shape varies from a width of 100m. at the entrance to 300m. at its southern end) and a eucalyptus grove hides it from view (Photo 6.2.1 1). It contains graves from all creeds (Muslim, Christians and Hindu). Inscriptions on tombstones as recent as 2007 and virgin land indicate that this cemetery is fully functional. The entrance used appears to be to the north however the property extends all the way to the entrance of the site. Currently the northern access is rendered quite difficult due to the Lake's run-offs which have created gullies. Whereas information pertaining to the number of visitors and the pattern of visitation could not be obtained with precision (interviews revealed that feast days and holidays is when most passage was witnessed), visitors nevertheless need to jump over the contaminated leachate and risk direct contact with hazardous waste. Whereas this may vary with weather conditions (e.g., gullies may dry out or overflow) and remediation will improve the environment, proper measures should be taken to ensure safe access to the cemetery.
Although the assumption is that remediation interventions will be conducted using the access to the site provided along National Highway #7, because a smaller portion of the lake extends below the railroad tracks to the east, the mission chose to survey other sacred sites within the Katedan Industrial Zone (KIZ) in case alternative roads be used (See Map 6.2.2).
Photo 6.2.12: The A4ata Vaishno Devi Temple
--- Environmental and Social Assessment
6-38
Environmental and Social Assessnrent Studv
The Mata Vaishno Devi Temple, built on a rock promontory is located approximately 50 m. from a secondary road that passes by the eastern end of the lake (See Photo 6.2.12). In effect the distance from the entrance to the site is in excess of 1 km. With the exceptions of Navratras (festival) that are undertaken twice a year witnessing up to 2,000 visitors, the Temple is otherwise rarely frequented.
The KIZ mosque is located south of the Mata Vaishno Devi Temple and closer to the railroad tracks. Overall distance to the entrance of the site is approximately 900m. The mosque is mainly visited by workmen in KIZ. This is confirmed by absence of prayer quarters for women. The peak visitation patterns witness about 25 to 30 worshipers on Fridays.
All three religious sites have bore wells and extract water with an electrical pump. This water is solely used for cleaning purposes, while drinking water is provided by trucks and stored in tanks.
The locations of these religious structures with respective to NMK site are shown in layout plan of site shown in Map 6.2.2.
6.2.10 Legal/Ngo Activities against Site
Legal: AP High court by its order 2-4-1999, issued a number of directions for preventing this site from becoming a disposal point for effluents from KIE. The court also directed the AP Govt. to constitute a High power committee to look into the implementation of its directions. As per Hon'able Supreme Court of Order 1-12-2000, the State Govt. was required to take action on polluting industries located within 10 Km radius of Himayat and Osman sagars, in which Noor Mohammad Kunta and KIE exits.
Compelled by the above-mentioned court orders, APPCB finally issued closure notice to 63 industries in KIE.
6.2.1 1 NGO Activities
There are two NGOs that have persistently raised the issue of this polluted lake. Specific date, complaint etc is not available with the State Pollution Control Board. Name of these NGO's are as follow:
MIS Forum for Better Hyderabad.
MIS Society for Preservation of Environment and Quality of Life.
Action taken by APPCB: The APPCB is considering relocation of the KIE and remediation of the Lake
6.2.12 Environmental and Social Management Plan
The major environmental and social impacts identified at the Noor Mohammad Kunta (NMK) hazardous waste site and their detailed mitigation and monitoring programme adopted during different stages of the project are detailed in Table 6.2.10.
Environmental and Social Assessment 6-39
Envrronmenial and Socral Assessmen1 Sluaj~
Table 6.2.10 Site-Specific Impacts during Remediation phase
Environmental and Social Assessment 6-4 1
Environmental Component
Air and Noise
Soil
Activity
Movement of Vehicles, Excavating activities, Filling activities, transportation of waste. Land preparation, Operation of DG set other machinery etc
Excavation, Filling
Site-Specific Impacts
Excavation of waste and soil activities will lead to dust pollution in working area.
MSW waste excavation work during site preparation/remediation will release noxious gases in atmosphere, ~ i ~ h ~ ~ concentrations these gases are fatal.
id^ this there may be some odour problem during excavation of waste and sediments.
~h~ operation of DG sets lnay lead to gaseous pollution apart from generating particulatedumping matter.
Transportation of Hazardous waste froin one point to point lnay lead to of waste on the route.
Operation of machinery, and DG sets lead to pollution in the
area.
Remediation of Noor Mohammad Kunta will require fresh soil to be used for filling. Hence large amount of fresh soil will be required for
Mitigation Measures
Vehicles and machineries will have to be regularly maintained to conform to the emission standards stipulated under Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB).
Provision of Personal Protective Equipments (PPE) to all ofworkers during the site remediation.
Compliance with vehicular exhaust emission certification for the entire machinery involved in remediation.
Dust suppression at approach roads and working area with water sprinkling facilities.
DG sets must have acoustic jackets and appropriate stack heights to meet the requirements of CPCB.
Waste should be transported from source to final place in specialized and covered vehicles.
Regular inspection of vehicles for safe transportation will be a responsibility of contractor for which requirements will have to be included in the bidding documents.
Contractor must obtain consent from Andhra Pradesh ~ollution Control Board before starting remediation work.
To ensure the efficacy of the mitigation measures suggested, air quality monitoring should be carried out at least two times during reinediation period. The SPM, RSPM, CO, S02, and NOx levels will be monitored for air quality.
It will be assured by contractor that only high land areas will be selected for excavation of soil. Soil will be use only from soil deposits notified by respective authorities.
Ba~elrne and ESMP,for Aridhra Pradesh
-
Mitigation Measures
Soil will be excavated in consultation with fanners and agricultural department and all fertile soil will be stored at some place so that this soil will be replaced back in farms after completion of excavation activity.
In case of any contamination of soil due to leakage or spillage, that soil will be immediately removed and
with fresh
To ensure the efficacy of the mitigation measures suggested, soil quality monitoring should be carried out at least two times during reinediation period.
It should be assured by contractor that all excavated HW will be placed at a safe place, so that it does not spread during the rainy season or due to floods.
Contractor must give an assurance that all activities associated with remediation will be carried out under the supervision of an environmental specialist. Also contractor will assure that all this work will be done during non -monsoon season.
The works sites will be properly fenced. The remediation sites will have signs notifying about the remediation works and hazards if any, to prevent accidental access of local people and livestock.
Environmental Component
Ground Water
Activity
--- Remediation
Site-Specific Impacts
remediation. This soil, if brought from agricultural fields, may lead to loss of productive soil and may develop low lying fields in nearby areas.
Soil contamination due to leakage of oil and chemicals from vehicles and machinery.
Contamination of soil by hazardous debris.
There are chances that groundwater may contaminate due to percolation of water through disturbed hazardous waste, especially in rainy seasons. This may leads to contamination of ground water with heavy metals.
During remediation On HW site of Mohammad Kunta seepage of water through excavated hazardous may contaminate groundwater of area.
Pressure On Drinking water and for other domestic use due to influx of labour and other staff.
Envrronmenlal and Social Assessment StuLhl
Environmental and Social Assessment 6-43
Environmental Component
Surface Water
Noise
Activity
Remediation
Movement of Vehicles, Excavation, Land preparation. Operation of DG set and other machinery etc
Site-Specific Impacts
During remediation process, Hazardous waste may spread over a wide area due to flood and rain, which may lead to contamination of other surface water resources in this area.
Health Impacts and disturbance in working.
Mitigation Measures
Contractor will ensure supply of extra requirement of drinking water for influx population.
To ensure the efficacy of the mitigation measures suggested, ground water quality monitoring shall be carried out at least two times during remediation.
Drinking water parameters should be monitored to check the water quality during remediation process.
It should be assured by contractor that all HW will be placed at a safe place, so that it does not spread during the rainy season or due to floods. Any temporary storage on site during excavation will be only permitted if impermeable and safe platforms are built and used.
Contractor must give an assurance that all activities associated with remediation will be carried out under the supervision of an environmental specialist. Also contractor will assure that all this work will be done during non monsoon season.
The equipment used for remediation will strictly conform to CPCB noise standards. Vehicles and equipments used shall be fitted with exhaust silencers. During routine servicing operations, the effectiveness of exhaust silencers shall be checked and if found to be defective shall be replaced. The noise level from any machinery (measured at one metre from the edge of the equipment in free field) such as compactors, front end loaders, and cranes, shall not exceed 75 dB (A), as specified in the Environmental Protection Rules, 1986.
Basel~ne and ESh4Pjor Andhra Pradesh
Environmental and Social Assessme 6-44
Environmental Component
Flora and fauna
Wildlife
Aesthetics
Site-Specific Impacts -
Pressure on trees, vegetation and aquatic resources. Tree cutting.
Increase pollution in Surface water.
None
Visual and aesthetics loss
Activity ---
Remediation of site
No wild life is found near the site
Excavation of waste, site preparation and associated construction activities.
Mitigation Measures
Within 150m of the nearest habitation, noise creating activities will be stopped during the night time between 9:00 p.m. and 6:00 a.m. No noisy activities will be permitted around the silence zones, a distance of lOOm from the sensitive receptors as hospitals, educational institutions etc.
'To protect workers from severe noise impacts, noise standards of industrial enterprises will be strictly enforced, and workers shall be provided with Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) such as earplugs.
To ensure the efficacy of the mitigation measures suggested, noise level monitoring shall be carried out at least every month during remediation.
Birds residing in small trees and bushes at Noor Mohammad Kunta HW site area may migrate during remediation phase.
Municipality, with help of NGO's should develop a rehabilitation program for all affected fauna If there will be requirement of tree felling during remediation process, then permission for tree felling will be sought as per the guidelines of Andhra Pardesh State Government.
No mitigation measures is required
Noor Moharnmad Kunta (NMK) Lake should be developed as a recreation place after remediation and all infrastructure required for attracting recreation should be provided at this site. In the vicinity of NMK one Dargah
Environmental and Social Assessmenl Study
Environmental and Social Assessment 6-4 5
Environmental Component
Traffic
Livelihood
Shelters
Agriculture activities
Employment
Activity
Movement of Vehicles, Excavating activities, Filling activities, transportation of waste. Land preparation and construction activities
RemediatioldClosure of sites
RemediatiodClosure of sites
Remediation/Closure of sites
RemediatiodClosure of sites
Site-Specific Impacts
Increased traffic movements, dust
About 10 rag pickers will lose their income in case of closure of KIE at NMK site. Per day income of these ragpickers is about Rs 50.
None of the shelter would be affected
There are no agricultural activities near Noor Moharnmad Kunta hence there will be no loss of agricultural production
Some employment will be generated as result of retnediation work
Mitigation Measures
is located which is important for all groups of people, should be given special attention and this area should be considered for integrated development.
All vehicles should be checked for "Pollution Under Control" certificates and occasional spot testing of emission from vehicles should be carried out with the assistance of the local administration.
Proper traffic management by local administration
In case of loss of livelihood, compensation for the transition period will be provided to all affected persons.
In the unlikely and unforeseen case of temporary land acquisitiotl, conditions of mutually agreed contract between contractor and owner of land will be followed.
a N o mitigation measure is required.
Basel~ne and ESMP,for Andhra Pradesh
Env~ronmental and Soc~al Assessme 6-46
Environmental Component
Infrastructure
Activity
Retnediation/Closure of sites.
Site-Specific Impacts
As a result of remediation work lot of temporary and permanent Infrastructure will be developed during remediation work.
Mitigation Measures
No mitigation measure is required.
Environmental and Social Assessment Stu&
6.2.13 Impacts And Mitigation Measures For Religious And Cultural Site At NMK
Impacts
The Masjid-0-Darga of Noor Mohammad Kunta Lake and the Graveyard are the only religious place likely to receive direct impact from project activities in Noor Mohammad Kunta sitew due to their immediate proximity to the Moharnmad Kunta Lake Hazardous Waste site. As such access and safety must be ensured.
Whereas access to the Masjid-0-Darga of Noor Mohammad Kunta Lake is unlikely to suffer, the intensity of the vehicular traffic during remediation implies an increased number of large vehicles as well as increased frequency of usage of the access road. This will amplify noise disturbances, while soil removal will create hrther unfavorable conditions in terms of odor and possibly dust (the removed sludge will be wet and would presumably be removed immediately before it dries due to its contaminated nature, but the to and fro of large and heavy trucks will increase dust dispersal).
Mitigation Measures
Therefore the recommendations for this site are taken in consideration not only in terms of diminishing disruption to religious rituals but also in terms of safety and health hazards. They include:
i). Paced relay of trucks to avoid congestion and queuing,
ii). Immediate removal of contaminated soil,
iii). Hermetic sealing of load containers,
iv). Enforcement of speed limits below 20 kmlhr within 100 m. of the remediation site,
v). Pause in works at midday prayer time for one hour estimated to take place between 12.30 or 13.30
vi). lnclude hedge planting along the northern property line of the mosque to delineate parking area as part of the foreseen landscaping activities of remediation.
With regards to the cemetery that is adjacent to the site, remediation recommendations include:
J Ensuring that the gullies are drained in the lake de-watering process,
J Improving the entrance to the cemetery on a distance of 10m.a~ part of foreseen landscaping activities of remediation.
Additional Recommendations.
When taking samples from the lake to be analyzed in the laboratory for monitoring purposes, the Andhra Pradesh Pollution Control Board (APPCB) may want to consider taking samples from the bore well at the mosque (visible on the left part of Plate 2) which is Iikely to be tapping in the water table. This would allow the APPCB to evaluate contaminants in the water table on the one hand, while on the other by disclosing the results (that are likely to show improvements) it would demonstrate the positive effects of the project to stakeholders despite the temporary trade-off. Furthermore as a gesture of goodwill and for minimal costs, the purchase of low bushes to be planted in a single row along a distance of 15 m. to delineate the parking area of the mosque from the sewage treatment plant, would enhance site beautification and yield the mosque property from ungainly views.
Environn~ental and Social Assessment 6-47
Baseline and ESMP for Andhra Pradesh -
Subject to costs, sampling at Mata Vaishno Devi Temple and KIZ mosque bore wells is recommended based on the same rationale.
Lastly, the above mentioned sites as well as the Budvel Railway station near NMK site may provide excellent venues for project progress information dissemination as they are frequented, albeit irregularly for some, by numerous members of the local community.
-
Environmental and Social Assessment 6-48
Envrronrnenlal and Social Assessmenl Study
/ Access to the mosque I Establish a lruck dispatching program to avoid congestion I Contractor Site
Musjid-0-Darga ofNoor Moharnnlud Kunta Lake and hunicipal Cemetery Disruption to worship rituals
complex hindered
a) A one hour pause of works between 12.30h and 13.3011 to allow midday prayers to take place respectfi~lly on week days b) A two hour pause on Fridays between 12.00h and 2.00h
( Supervisor
Air quality deterioration
Safety of worshipers
f-lealth hazards
I
Number of accidents I APPCB
Increased noise 1 Pace the relay of trucks to avoid queuing and idling engines I Contractor Site
Number of grievances recorded
Contractor Site Supervisor Contractor Site Supervisor
a) Pace the relay of trucks to avoid queuing and idling engines b) Remove contaminated sludge immediately not allowing it to remain on site and dry out Establish a speed limit of no more than 20 kmlhr within 500m. north and south of the site clrarly indicated by relevant signs a) Hermetically seal the containers to prevent spills and leaks
APPCB
Increased number of Integral part of worshippers agreement with
Supervisor
Contractor Site Supervisor
APPCB with Transport and Road authorities? Contractor Site Number of accidents
( excavation and sludge I releyant authorities in compliance with the Treasure Trove ( Supervisor 1 1 I
APPCB
Chance finds during b) Sample bore wells at lnosque and other KIZ religious sites Stop works, mark and secure area. Immediately report finds to
removal Disfiguration Comparison with baseline
consuItation data
.-
The contractor should be informed about the PCR impacts and requested to conduct an induction program to all relevant staff prior to the comrnencement of activities that outlines, among other things, codes of conduct to ensure that mitigation measures are respected.
Revenue Officer of the district and any officer appointed by the provincial authorities to perform the functions of "Collector" under the Treasure Trove Act
Supervisor APPCB Contractor Site
Act ' Landscaping Incorporate in
landscaping activities o f
Stakeholder discontent
Envirorunental and Social Assessment 6-49
Contractor landscaper
Improved water quality
Display project progress information at KIZ religious sites and at the Budvel railway station.
APPCB APPCR
APPCB Bi-annual sample test results
remediation. APPCB
6.2.14 ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT BUDGET
The cost of Environmental and Social Management ESM has been calculated considering different components of environmental and social mitigation and management plan described above, Environment nlonitoring cost was calculated based on the site specific environmental issues from NMK hazardous waste site. The social development cost was calculated for project affected population. It is also proposed to organize a awareness workshop twice in year for a period o f five year. The details o f the above cost are given in table 6.2.12 and 6.2.13.
Table 6.2.12. Environmental Monitoring Cost for Noor Mohammad Kunta
Environn~ental and Social Assessment
Frequency
24 hr continuous, in three seasons except inonsoon season. Considering remediation period of one year
24 hr continuous, in three seasons except monsoon season for three years
Environmental Parameters, Project Noor Md Kunta, Stage Andhra Pradesh
Parameters
SPM, RPM, NOx, SOX c o ,
SPM, RPM, NOx, SOX c o ,
Air Quality
Standards
Air quality standard by CPCB
-do-
Location
Two locations. One upwind other downwind direction
-do-
Remediation stage
Post Remediation stage
Approximate cost (Rs)
6000X2X3Xl =36000
600OX2X3X3=108000
Implementation
Contractor through approved monitoring agency
PIU
Supervision
PIU, SC
PIU
Environmental and Social Assessrr h
Supervision
PIU, SC
PIU
PIU
implementation
Contractor through approved monitoring agency
PIU
PIU
Environmental Parameters, Project Noor Md Kunta, Stage Andhra Pradesh
Surface Water Quality
Ground Water Quality
Parameters
All the parameters for inland surface water quality standard for class-D will be tested for groundwater as per IS 10500: 199 1
-do-
-do-
Remediation stage
Post Remediation stage
Remediation stage
Frequency
One samples on monsoon and other post rnonsoon in a year.
One samples on monsoon and other post monsoon in a year. For a period of three year
One samples on monsoon and other post monsoon in a year.
Location
Two location
-d-
Three locations
Standards
Water quality standard by CPCB
-do-
-do-
Approximate cost (Rs)
8000X2X2X I = 32000
800OX2X2X3=96000
8OOOX2X3x 1=48000
Environniental and Social Assessment b
Location
-do-
Two locations
-do-
Parameters
-do-
As per National Ambient Noise Standard as Per Environmental Protection Act, 1986 amended 2002
As per National Ambient Noise Standard as Per Environmental Protection Act, 1986 amended 2002
Environmental Parameters, Project Noor Md Kunta, Stage Andhra Pradesh
Noise levels
Frequency
One samples on monsoon and other post monsoon in a year. For a period of three year
24 hr monitoring in three seasons for one years
24 hr monitoring in three seasons for three years
Post Remediation stage
Remediation stage
Post Remediation stage
Standards
-do-
Noise level standard by CPCB
-do-
Approximate cost (us)
800OX3X3X3=216000
2000X3X2X1= 12000
20OOX3X2Xl= 12000
Implementation
PIU
Contractor through approved monitoring agency
PIU
Supervision
PIU
PIU, SC
PIU
Environmental and Social Assess %
Environmental Parameters, Project Noor Md Kunta, Stage Andhra Pradesh
Parameters
As per the requirements of Agriculture soil
As per the requirements of Agriculture soil
Soil
(A) Sub-Total Monitoring Cost (Rs.) Seven Lakhs and Fifty Two Thousand only
Remediation stage
Post Remediation stage
752000.00
Location
Three locations
-do-
Implementation
Contractor through approved monitoring agency
PIU
Supervision
PIU, SC
PIU
Frequency
Three samples in a year except monsoon season.
Three samples in a year except monsoon season. For Three years
Standards
Soil Quality Standards for Agricultural soil with added parameter of type of contaminant prevalent in that area.
-do-
Approximate cost (Rs)
8000X3X2X 1=48000
8OOOX3X2X3= 144000
Table 6.2.13 Social Management Plan (SMP) cost for NMK, Andhra Pradesh
No. Component Cost per daylmonthlyea of days/ (Rs.)
persons months / vears
1 1 development 1 i 1 1 1 I
A 1 2
Social Safeguard Cost
I training I I Sub Total (A)
Workshop Skill
7
R3
Total ESMP cost for NMK site
1150000.00
I land Sub total (B)
I l l Total (A+B)
25600 B R 1 R2
Restoration Acquisitionof
1'' year 250000.00 5600 1 180000 / year
25000/year
75000.00 1225000.00
Cost Component r
Environmental and Social Assessrrlent
- 10
Compensation Cost
Nil
1700 28300
Environmental Monitoring
SMP Cost
1 Total
Nil Income
Cost (Rs)
Nil
Cost (US $)
752000.00
1225000.00
1977000.00
Ni 1 100 /day
17000
28300
45300
Nil
Nil
0.00
Nil 0.00
0
10 0
75 days 1 75000.00 1700
Envlronmenlal and Social Assessment S l u 4
7. BASELINE A N D E S M P FOR WEST BENGAL SITE
7.1 BASELINE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL SETTING OF HOOGHLY
7.1.1 Introduction
The baseline environmental status is based on primary and secondary data collected through on- site field observations and previous studies carried out by West Bengal Pollution Control Board, and records of Health Departments, Primary Health Centers, Industrial Estate, Socio-Economic Surveys and initial public consultations around site. The following environmental and social components of Hooghly were focused on during this study:
Physical environment comprising of climate, topography, geology, air and noise quality, water quality etc.
Ecological environment consisting of flora and fauna of study area.
Socio-economic environment consisting of demographic profile, occupational structure, health issues, educational status, and literacy status, etc.
7.1.2 Physical Environment
7.1.2.1 Topography and Drainage
Hooghly district forms a part of Bengal basin developed by the riverine deposit of Ganga and its tributaries. The principal rivers Hooghly, Damodar and Dwarakeswar with their tributaries (i.e. Behula, Kunti, Saraswati, Kana Damodar, Mundeswari, Jhumjhumi, Amodar and Tarajoli) have a gradual descent from north-west to south and south-east almost parallel to each other following the natural trend of the landscape. According to genesis and evolution of land forms, the district can broadly be divided into two divisions i.e.
i) Old alluvial plains to the west of river Dwarakeswar.
ii) The monotonous level alluvial plains in the east which can be further divided into
a. Natural levee
b. Meander flood plain
c. Alluvial plain
The drainage pattern is dendritic, in general. Owing to imperceptible slope, the area is partly well drained and partly under-drained. Moderately well drained soils occupy about 45.4% area of the district followed by well drained (38.3%), imperfectly drained (13.2%) and poorly drained (3.1%) soils.
7.1.2.2 Climate
Hooghly district has humid subtropical climate with an annual rainfall of 1129 mm.. Major portion of the rain (-80%) is received during monsoon season (June-September). Monthly maximum and minimum temperatures are 43 OC and 7 OC observed in the month of May and January respectively. Cloud cover is maximum during the monsoon months (July - September) and least in the month of Post monsoon months (October - November).
7.1.2.3 Hot-spot of study area
Hot Spots of the Hooghly HW area are given in Table 7.1.1
Environmental and Social Assessment 7- 1
Baseline and ESMP for Wesl Bengal S I I ~
Table 7.1.1: Hot Spot of the Hooghly HW site
Site 1 ~ y p e of waste
Shivang Trexim
Road (HW-1)
Access road south of Sarkar Bridge Chromium
(HW-2) waste
Ashalatha Brickfield Treated Chrome
Wastes (HW-3)
Minu Computer 1 Weighbridge 1 Chromium and access road (HW- Ceramic Waste. 4)
Zenith Timbers I Chromium
access road waste and Steel Alloy
(HW-5)
Dankuni Coal Complex Treated Chrome
Wastes (H W-6)
Seong I Treated chrome Access road (HW- waste 7)
Quantity of Area I Remarks
Notified area by WBPCB for developing CDS for treated chrome mud.
300-400 Ton
7.1.3 Pollution Issue of Affected Area
per Year.
Six industrial dumping sites were located in the industrial district of Hooghly. The sites were filled with hazardous industrial waste and out of six sites four sites consist of approach roads to small business units or industries in the area, Chakundi site is notified by Govt. of West Bengal for disposal of treated chrome and one site is located with in Ashalatha brick manufacturing industry in Bodo Garji village. The details of pollution the hazardous waste site are discussed below and given in Table 7.1.2.
1737
7.1.3.1 Air Quality
Air pollution has not been the major issue with regards to six hazardous wastes dumping site except the Sarkar Weigh Bridge access road site, where the owner and workers of 'Dhaba" have complaints about odour problem during monsoon season and intermittent problem during other times.
The Survey conducted by ESA consultant reveals that all the six hazardous sites were located in a highly industrialized area and the people residing in near by villages to the hazardous site reported air pollution due to the emission from industries. Problems were severe during monsoon and during early morning hours.
-- Env~ronmental and Social Assessment
7-2
Rasellne and ESMP for Wesl B e n ~ a l Site
Environmental and Social Assessment 7 -4
Site
Minu Coniputer Weighbridge access road (H W-4)
Zenith Tinlbers access road
(HW-5)
Dankuni Coal Complex
(H W-6)
I
Air Pollution
No air pollution associated with HW site. There is air pollution due to industrial activity near the site
No air pollution associated with HW site but there is air pollution due to industrial activity near the site
No air pollution associated with HW site but there is air pollution due to industrial activity near the site
I
Type of Waste
Chromiunl and Ceramic Waste.
Chromium waste and Steel and Alloy Waste
Treated Chrome Wastes
I
Surface Water Pollution
Discoloration of surface water is observed and site contaminated with Iron and chromium
(4. I1 mgll) as per NPC report
Surface water black in colour with presence of oil and grease and water filled with macrophyte and hyacinth. NPC report indicates chromium contamination (0.20 mg/l)
No discoloration of water bodies observed during site visit. NPC report states water bodies contaminated with chromium
I
Groundwater Pollution
Contanlinated with Iron (2.54 mgll) as reported in NPC study
No problem of groundwater as per local resident and report by NPC
Groundwater contaminated with chlorine and iron as per NPC report
I I
Soil or Land Pollution
No discoloration of Soil observed. Soil conta~~linated upto depth of 1.0 m with concentration of 2283.2 to 6999 mglkg-' (dry wt) Chromium as per NPC report
No discoloration of Soil observed. Soil contaminated upto depth of 1.0 m with concentration of 4792 mg/kg-' (dry wt) of Chromium as per NPC report
Soil contaminated with Chromium and Zinc as per NPC. ESA survey revealed that the agriculture land surrounding the area is abandoned due to land contaminated with Industrial effluent I
Noise Pollution
No noise pollution associated with dumping site, Noise pollution from movement of vehicles is observed
(NH-2)
No noise pollution associated with dumping site, Noise pollution from Industrial activity and movement of vehicles (NH-2)
No noise pollution associated with dumping site and noise pollution from near by industrial activity
I
Eni~~ronmenta l and Social Assessment Stuh,
Environnlental and Social Assessment 7-5
Site
Pashupati Seong And East India Flour Mills Access Road (HW- 6)
Type of Waste
Chromium Waste
Air Pollution
No air pollution associated with HW site but there is air pollution due to industrial activity as well as through vehicle transport
Noise Pollution
No noise pollution associated with dumping site, Noise pollution from Industrial activity and movement of vehicles (NH-2)
Surface Water Pollution
No discoloration of water bodies observed during site visit. NPC report states water bodies contaminated with chromium
Groundwater Pollution
No problem of groundwater as per local resident
Soil or Land Pollution
No discoloration of Soil observed. Soil contaminated upto depth of 1.0 m
Baseline and ESMP for West Bengal Site
7.1.3.2 Noise Quality
No monitored noise data is available for the study area and Noise pollution has not been considered as an issue with regard to the dumping of hazardous waste. However, survey conducted at the different sites revealed that, the permanent source of noise in this area is mainly due to movement of traffic on National Highway-2 and industries operating in the area.
7.1.3.3 Water Quality
i) Surface Water
NPC had earlier conducted site assessment study for hazardous waste dump site located in Hooghly and Howrah and reported contamination of surface water with hexavalent chromium and iron. The concentrations of hexavelant chromium and iron were ranged between 0.2 - 12.8 mg/l and 0.19-2.03 mg/l respectively. The contamination of chromium may be due to the leaching of chromium from the hazardous dumping waste.
ii) Ground Water
The project area has adequate ground water resource; the water table in the project area is quite high throughout the year as reported by local residents and the ground water is used for irrigation, industry, drinking, households and other purposes. The people in surrounding villages depend on the ground water for their daily needs. The study conducted by NPC revealed that the groundwater of this area is contaminated with high iron, other water quality parameters were with in the permissible limit. The ESA survey conducted at various sites also revealed that the groundwater of the area is good and peoples depends for their daily needs on groundwater.
7.1.3.4 Soil and Geology of the Study Area
The soil of the district belongs to 3 orders, with Inceptisoils covering 64.4%, Entisoils 23.1% and Alfisoils 12.4% of the total area. The 0-0.2 m layer is dominantly loam in texture(53.9%) followed by silty clay (23.3%), silty clay loam (23.1%) and sandy loam (0.71%) in nature. Surface soils of 72% area of the district are acidic, followed by slightly acidic (14.8%), neutral(8.9%) and mildly alkaline(4.996). Organic carbon status is usually low to medium, with a range of 1.2 to 7.4 g kg - 1 (Kundu et al2008)
Geologically, the entire district is built up with mixed alluvium. Subsurface lithologies down to a depth of 150 m from the surface consist mainly of clay, silt and sand of different grades varying from fine to coarse, occasionally mixed with fine gravel (Figure 7.1.1). The eastern parts are clayey. stiff and deep; while the western parts are loamy, permeable and easily friable. The soils of the district belong to three orders, with Inceptisols covering 64.4%, Entisols 23.1 % and Alfisols 12.4% of the total area (Kundu and Mandal2008).
The soils in the six hazardous dumping sites were contaminated with hexavalent Chromium. The details of soil contamination for each site are described in Table 7.1.2.
Environmental and Social Assessment 7-6
Environmental and Socral Assessment Strrdp
Table 7.1.2: Pollution issue of the hazardous site
Environmental and Social Assessment 7-3
Noise Pollution
NO noise pollution associated with dumping site
No noise pollution associated with dumping site, Noise pollution from Industrial activity and movement of vehicles (NH-2)
No noise pollution associated with dumping site
Site
Shivang Trexim and Sree Balaji Veneers Access Road (H W- I )
Access road south of Sarkar Bridge (HW-2)
Ashalatha Brickfield
(HW-3)
Groundwater Pollution
Contaminated with Iron (1.84 mgll) reported by NPC study
No problem of Groundwater as per local residents, NPC has reported high concentration of iron (0.18 - 0.80 mgil)
No problem of Groundwateras per local residen., NPC has reported high concentration of iron (0.75 mgll)
Soil o r Land Pollution
No discoloration of Soil observed. Soil contaminated with depth of 1.5 m with concentration of 149 mg kg-L~luomium
No visible discoloration on soil or land found during survey
Discoloration of soil and land is visible. Contamination of soil is anticipated
Type of Waste
Chromium and Ceramic Waste.
Chromium waste
Treated Chrome Wastes
Air Pollution
No air pollution associated with HW site but air pollution due to industries activity near the site
Odour pollution due to dumping of waste and also air pollution due to industrial activity near the site
No air pollution associated with HW site but air pollution is there due to presence of industries near the site
Surface Water Pollution
Contaminated with hexavalent chromiun~ (3.7 mgll) reported by NPC study
No visible discoloration of Surface water bodies. NPC has reported 12.8 mgll of hexavalent chromium concentration
No visible discoloration of Surface water bodies. NPC has reported surface water contamination with iron (0.19 -2.03 mgll )
Environmenlal and Social Assessment Studv
Surface clay Black sticky clay
Clay yefinwish colour
Yellowish sticky c h y
Fim sand yzllow~sh colour Flue sand light vellouirh colour
S~icky clay light yellowish m l m r
Very fine sand
F~nz sand light grey colour
Medium sand W I I ~ snlall gravels
Fiw sand light p y colour
Source: Kundlr el a1 2008
Figure 7.1.1 Typical Lithology of Cavity well of Hooghly district
7.1.4 Social Profile of the Project Influence Area (PIA) in Hooghly
7.1.4.1 Base Line Information ofthe Population around the Site
To understand the socio-economic context of the proposed project and for providing necessary inputs for social analysis of the project. relevant baseline data on socio- economic and cultural conditions were collected from various available primary and secondary sources like personal observation and enquiry, consultation with knowledgeable persons of the villages, etc.
On the basis of social survey, the settlements and villages have been identified and documented in the report. The important demographic features of population, social categories, literacy level and economy of the population in the project influence area have been assessed.
There are six hazardous waste dumping sites at Hooghly. The Project Influence Area (PIA) of the project comprises residential settlements located near any of these landfill sites. Described below is the socio-economic analysis of the P[A near which the landfill sites are situated. The description of concerned population includes all the people who are directly or indirectly affected by the project. The demographic profile of the six landfill site and population living near the site and the total population, number of SC and ST population and their percentage are compiled in Table 71.3.
Env~ronmental and Soc~al Assessment 7-7
Environmental and Social Assessment Study
The following groups who are likely to be affected by the project concerning the landfill sites at Hooghly have been identified:
People living in the residential areas, located near the landfill sites
People running small-scale businesses near the landfill site
Any other personls generating livelihood through involvement with landfill site.
The details of socio-economic survey and public consultations are presented in the following sections:
7.1.4.2 Social Category
The collected data indicates that most of the households in (60 percent) PIA are residents belonging to Scheduled Castes, followed by 30 percent General category. Few households are also inhabited by OBC and Scheduled Tribe. The details have been given in Table 7.1.4.
Table 7.1.4 Social Stratification
No. of Responses Percentage
3 I OBC I 3 1 4.6 1
Source: ESA Survey, ICTNew De[hr. Sept., 2008
7.1.4.3 Education Status
4
Around 46 percent are completely illiterate, 35 percent of the population is just literate, 13 percent of the people are educated and 5 percent of the households can be said to be among the well-educated category. The level of education of respondent is given in Table 7.1.5.
Table 7.1.5 Education Status
General
Total
/ I Education I No. of Responses Status I Percentage
2 1
65 32.3
100.0
1
2
Source. ESA Survey, ICT New Delhi, Sepr , 2008
7.1.4.4 Employment Status
3 4
As far as employment status is concerned, all the people have some means way or the other of earning their livelihood. Nearly 45 percent of the population is engaged in farming. Most of them happen to be landless farmers who work for wages. This category is followed by labourers who constitute 32 percent of the population. Rest of the residents find their source of livelihood by engaging themselves in activities like Self Employment (9 percent) and jobs (14 percent). The employment status of the respondent is given in Table 7.1.6.
Illiterate
Literate
Environmental and Social Assessment 7-9
Educated
Well Educated
3 0
23
- -
46.2
35.4
Total 65 100.0
9
3 13.9
4.6
1 1 I Self emplovment I 6 I 9.2 1
Baseline and ESMPfor West Bengal S ~ t e
Table 7.1.6 Employment Status
1 2 I Job 1 9 1 13.8 1
S. No.
/ 3 I Farming 1 4 I Labourer 1 21 1 32.3 1
Employment Status
I ( Total 1 65 1 100.0 1 Source: ESA Survey, ICT New Delh~. Sept., 2008
7.1.4.5 Monthly Income
No. of Responses
Nearly half the population (47 %) earns less than Rs.2000 every month. 32 percent have a monthly income ranging from Rs.2000 to Rs.5000 and 20 percent earns more than Rs. 5000 in a month. The income and expenditure of respondents is given in Table 7.1.7 and Table 7.1.8.
Percentage
Table 7.1.7 Income Status
1 S. No. 1 Monthly Income (Rs.) 1 No. of Responses Percentage 1
Source: ESA Survey, ICTNew Delhr. Sept.. 2008
( Total
7.1.4.6 Monthly Expenditure
65 1 100.0 (
The expenses made in a month are in accordance with the monthly income of the households. 47 percent of population spends an amount less than Rs.2000 every month. 32 percent spend Rs.2000 to Rs.5000 in a month and 20 percent spend more than Rs.5000 monthly.
Table 7.1.8 Expenditure Status
Monthly Expenditure (Rs.)
7.1.4.7 Source of Drinking Water
1
2
3
Only 18 percent of population has access to piped water supply which they use for drinking as well as other domestic purposes. 46 percent of the population rely on Hand pump to meet their needs, and 35 percent use tube wells as a source of water. The source of drinking water in study area is given in Table 7.1.9.
No. of Responses
Environmental and Social Assessment 7-10
Percentage
Source: ESA Surve.v, ICT New Delhi, Sept., 2008
< 2000
2000 to 5000
> 5000
Total
3 1
2 1
13
65
47.6
32.3
20.0
100.0
Environmental and Social Assessment Study
Table 7.1.9 Source of Drinking Water
S. No.
I 3 1 Tube wells I 23 I 35.4 1
1
2
I I I
Drinking water
Source: ESA Survey, ICT New Delhi, Sepl., 2008
Piped Water Supply
Hand Pump
Total
7.1.4.8 Use of Structures
No. of Responses
More than 87 percent of people make use of the available structure only for residential purpose and 13 percent use it for both residential as well as commercial purposes. But, none of the households utilize the structure solely for commercial purpose. The types of structures in study area are given in Table 7.1.10.
Percentage
12
3 0
65
Table 7.1.10 Use of Structures
18.5 '
46.2
100.0
S. No.
I
7.1.5 Preliminary Public Consultation
2
Preliminary Public Consultation of stakeholders has been conducted in and around the Hooghly hazardous waste landfill site villages (Photo 7.1.1 and 7.1.2), NGO's working in Hooghly districts and Official of West Bengal Pollution Control Boards. The details of the major environmental and social issues discussed with the stakeholders are given in Table 7.1.11.
1 Residential cum
Use of Structures
Residential
Photo 7.1.1 and 7.1.2. Preliminarv Public Consultation a/ Hazardous Waste Sites
Source: ESA Survey. ICT New Delhi. Sepl., 2008
Commercial
Total
Environmental and Social Assessment 7-1 1
No. of Responses
57
Percentage
87.7
8 65
12.3 100.0
Baseline and ESMP for West Bengal Site
Table 7.1.11.
Mass Education Society
Srirampur Paricharya
t iGGTf Padmabati
Namemo. of participantls Mr. Krishna Prasanna Sarkar
Mr. Susanta Kr. Haldar, Secretary
4 7
42
Date Issues Discussed
Air Pollution Due to Industrial activity Odour problem due to dumping of hazardous waste (near Sarkar Weigh Bridge) People are unaware about the dumpsite Contamination of land
Contamination of groundwater Hand pumps installed at the same place Noise Pollution due to movement of vehicle at national highway and industrial operation in the surrounding area.
Odour problem due to dumping of hazardous waste Health problems of people
Health problems of people due to hazardous waste
People are unaware about the dumpsite. Air Pollution Due to Industrial activity
Contamination of land due to industrial effluents
Noise pollution due to industrial activity
Absence of medical facility
Public health problems Odor Pollution due to dumping o f hazardous waste especially near Sarkar weigh Bridge Air pollution Ground water contamination Noise pollution due to industrial activity No medical facility in the area
Measures proposed
Industries should reduce the emission of pollutants Pollution Control Board should enforce strict rules and regulations on industries People living at the site should be told about the safety measures to be taken
Use of hand pumps installed at the waste dump should be prohibited Medical facility should be provided to the people Awareness campaign on sanitation issue should be organized
Industries should follow rules and regulations PCB should play an active and efficient role in minimizing pollution in the area A hospital/dispensary should be provided by the govt. Industries responsible for land contamination should be fined
Pollution Control Board should monitor and control pollution Provision o f Medical treatment facility should be made Emissions from the industries should be reduced People should be given access to safe drinking water.
Environmental and Social Assessment 7-12
Environmental and Social Assessment Studv
7.1.5.1 Findings of Preliminary Public Consultation
Area around the landfill site has a mixed population of various categories.
Various caste groups present are people from Scheduled Tribes, Scheduled Caste, Other Backward Caste, and General category.
Literacy rate is more than 60 percent in the area. However, being literate means just to have elementary knowledge of a language, which is not enough in today's scenario. A little more than 10 percent of the population is educated.
Nearly three-fourth of the total population works as labourers, either agricultural labourer or non-agricultural labourer. This clearly shows that, there is a vast majority of unskilled population in the Project Influence Area.
Nearly 80 percent of populations' monthly income does not exceed Rs.5000. This indicates towards poverty prevailing in the area.
Supply water serves only 20 percent of the population. Others meet their water requirement through hand pumps or the tube wells available in the area.
The primary use of available building structure is for residential purpose. Some also use it for their commercial interests.
7.1.6 Cultural/Religious Properties
There is no religious or cultural property present within 500 m of the dumping sites except Ashalatha HW site and Pasupathi seong HW site were temple is present with in 200 m of site; however there are few religious structures such as temples and masks are present in the adjoining villages, which may not be affected due to project activity. The locations of the cultural and religious structures are given in map 7.1.1 to 7.1.5 and the photo 7.1.3 to 7.17 shows the religious structures present at the Hooghly HW sites.
Photo 7.1.3 Temple at Bangihatti village Photo 7.1.4 Mosque at Bangihatti village (Sarkar weigh bridge HW site) (Sarkar weigh bridge HW site)
Photo 7.1.5 Temple at Ward No22 in Baidyapati Photo 7.1.6 Temple at Bodo gorji village (Minu Weigh bridge, Shivang Trexim village (Near Ashalatha HW site)
Environmental and Social Assessment 7-13
Baseline and ESMP/or Wesr Bengal Srre
HW site)
Photo 7.1.7 Temple at Badhwa village Photo 7.1.8 Temple at Baidyapati village (Chakundi HW site) (Zenith Timber HW site)
Map 7.1.1 Layou/ and location of cultural and religrous properties at Shivang Trexim HW site
Environmental and Social Assessment 7-14
Environmental and Socral Assessment Studv
Map 7.1.2 Lqvout and location of cullztral and religrous properties at Ashalatha brrckjield HWsite
L L ( J ~ \ L ) O ~ ~ \ \ ~ R I I \ \ I ~ \ I A L r u n ~ t s
" . l s-
<I I\ m,, L I I A I ,
n r r
U U " . I * o . * < *."I
Map 7.1.3 Layout and locatron ofcultural and relrgrouspropertres at Sarkar wergh HWsrte
Environmental and Social Assessment 7-15
Baseline and ESMP for U'est Rengal Site
I 8- I -3 \,n f
1 . 1 LmEi I CWN
Map 7.1.4 Layout and location ojrelig~ous structures at Mrnu weigh bridge HW srte and Zenith Timber I-IW sites
ii*-r*-. / .T ...., r.,
,.,>t ,I." '!/? !
. . . . . .. - 9 i? Ll.<.b.All(tl L.'VULl\.WLYTAI.TiAK:ILS
":"L"m ,A",.
"".".Y * WMF l
Map 7.1.5 L ~ o u t and 10cot10n of religious strucfure at Chakundi HW site
Environmental and Soc~a l Assessment 7-16
Environmenlal and Social Assessmenr S f u 4
Map 7.1.6 Layout and locafion of culfural religious sire a f Pasupafhr Seong HWsife
7.1.7 Details of Complaint/Legal Notices for Hooghly Site
i) Dankuni Coal Complex (HW-6)
No public complaint was registered by the local people to the regulatory bodies regarding the chrome mud disposal site. Also there is no official complaint/record available with WBPCB.
The site has been notified by WBPCB vide Gazetted Notification No: EN/1355/T-IV- 3.002-1/2003/ (5) dated 14.11.2003 to develop the land as common disposal site for treated chrome mud.
ii) Shivang Trexim and Sree Balaji Veneers Access Road (HW-1)
No public complaint was registered by the local people to the regulatory bodies. This was hrther confirmed during consultation with local residents and statutory agencies. viz. Hooghly Regional Office of WBPCB
iii) Access road south of Sarkar Bridge (HW-2)
No public complaint was registered by the local population and those residing at site to the regulatory bodies. This was hrther confirmed during consultation with local residents and statutory agencies .viz. Hooghly Regional Office of WBPCB.
iv) Ashalatha Brickfield (HW-3)
Environmental and Social Assessment 7-17
Baseline and ESMPfor Wesf Bengal Site
No public complaint regarding hazardous waste dumping site within Ashalatha Brick Field was reported during consultation with local residents and statutory agencies .viz. Hooghly Regional Office of WBPCB.
However a public hearing was held by High Power Committee (HPC) in Kolkata on 31.08.2000 regarding management of hazardous waste at the Science City Auditorium. During the hearing, Mr. Bimal Ch. Roy and Shri. Amitadyuti Kumar of Hooghly both complained about chrome contamination due to indiscriminate waste and effluent disposal in Hooghly District. Specific mention was made of M/s Indotan Chemicals, which was observed to be located at NE comer of the site at a distance of 180 m. Wide publicity was given for the closure of the unit, but the unit re-opened within a few weeks, which was not published. The committee felt that separate note on chrome waste disposal should be prepared and the WBPCB should ensure utmost care in waste disposal of units handling chrome.
v) Minu Computer Weighbridge access road (HW-4)
No public complaint was registered by the local population and those residing at site to the regulatory bodies regarding hazardous waste disposal site. This was further confirmed during consultation with local residents and statutory agencies .viz. Hooghly Regional Office of WBPCB.
vi) Zenith Timbers access road (HW-5)
No public complaint was registered by the local population and those residing at site to the regulatory bodies regarding hazardous waste disposal site. This was further confirmed during consultation with local residents and statutory agencies. Viz. Hooghly Regional Office of WBPCB.
vii) Pasupathi Seong Access road (HW -7)
No public complaint or court case against Pasupathi Seong HW site is reported
7.1.8 NGO Activities
No NGO activities have been reported against these sites.
7.1.9 ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT PLAN
The major environmental and social impacts identified at the Hooghly HW sites and their detailed mitigation and monitoring prorgrmme adopted during different stages of the project are detailed in Table 7.1.12.
Environmental and Social Assessment 7-18
Environmental and Sooal Assessmerl~ Study
Table 7.1.12 Site-Specific Inzpacts during Remediation phase
Environmental and Social Assessment 7-19
Environmental Component
Air and Noise
Soil
Activity
Movement of Vehicles, Excavating activities, Filling activities, transportation of waste. Land preparation, Operation of DG set and other machinery etc
Excavation, Filling
Site-Specific Impacts
Excavation of waste and soil activities will lead to dust pollution in working area.
The operation of DG sets may lead to gaseous pollution apart from generating particulate matter.
Transportation of sediments from one point to other point may lead to spillage of waste on the route.
Operation of machinery, vehicles and DG sets will lead to noise pollution in the working area.
Remediation of Hooghly site will require fresh soil to be used for filling. Hence large amount of fresh soil will be required for remediation. This soil, if brought froin agricultural fields, may lead to loss of
Mitigation Measures (Mitigation budget in Section 7.1.10)
Vehicles and machineries will have to be regularly maintained to conform to the emission standards stipulated under Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB). Provision of Personal Protective Equipments (PPE) to all workers during the site remediation. Compliance with vehicular exhaust emission certification for the entire machinery involved in remediation.
Dust suppression at approach roads and working area with water sprinkling facilities.
DG sets must have acoustic jackets and appropriate stack heights to meet the requirements of CPCB.
Waste should be transported from source to final dumping place in specialized and covered vehicles.
Contractor must obtain consent from West Bengal Pollution Control Boards before starting remediation work.
To ensure the efficacy of the mitigation measures suggested, air quality monitoring should be carried out at least two times during remediation period. The SPM, RSPM, CO, S02, and NOx levels will be monitored for air quality.
It will be assured by contractor that only high land areas will be selected for excavation of soil. Soil will be use only from soil depos notified by respective authorities.
Basrlrin and ESMP for West B r n ~ a l S ~ t e
Environmental and Social Assessment 7-20
Environmental Component
Ground Water
Activity
Remediation
Site-Specific Impacts
productive soil and may develop low lying fields in nearby areas.
Soil contamination due to leakage of oil and chemicals from vehicles and machinery.
contamination of soil by solid wastes and hazardous debris.
There are chances that groundwater may contaminate due to percolation of water through disturbed hazardous waste sites mainly in rainy seasons. This may leads to contamination of ground water with heavy metals.
During remediation on HW sites seepage of water through excavated hazardous material may further contaminate groundwater of area.
Pressure On drinking water and for Other use due influx of labour and other
staff.
Mitigation Measures (Mitigation budget in Section 7.1.10)
Soil will be excavated in consultation with farmers and agricultural department and all fertile soil will be stored at some place so that this soil will be replaced back in farms after completion of excavation activity.
In case of any contamination of soil due to leakage or spillage, that soil will be immediately removed and replaced with fresh soil.
To ensure the efficacy of the mitigation measures suggested, soil quality monitoring should be carried out at least two times during remediation period.
State pollution control board should ensure system to prevent ground and surface water contamination.
It should be assured by contractor that all excavated HW will be placed at a safe place, so that it does not spread during the rainy season or due to floods.
Contractor must give an assurance that all activities associated with remediation will be carried out under the supervision of an environmental specialist. AISO
contractor will assure that all this work will be done during non -monsoon season.
Environmental and Social Assessment Study
Env~ronmental and Social Assessment 7-2 1
Environmental Component
Surface Water
Noise
Activity
Remediation
Movement of Vehicles, Excavation, Land preparation, Operation of DG set and other
Site-Specific Impacts
During remediation process, hazardous waste might spread over a wide area due to flood and rain which may lead to contamination of other surface water resources in this area.
Health Impacts and disturbance in working.
Mitigation Measures (Mitigation budget in Section 7.1.10)
The works sites will be properly fenced. The remediation sites will have signs notifying about the remediation works and hazards if any, to prevent accidental access of local people and livestock.
Contractor will ensure supply of extra requirement of drinking water for influx population.
To ensure the efficacy of the mitigation measures suggested, ground water quality monitoring shall be carried out at least twice during remediation.
Drinking water parameters should be monitored to check the water quality during remediation process.
It should be assured by contractor that all excavated HW will be placed at a safe place, so that it does not spread during the rainy season or due to floods. Any temporary storage on site during excavation will be only permitted if impermeable and safe platforms are built and used.
Contractor must give an assurance that all activities associated with remediation will be carried out under the supervision of an environmental specialist. Also contractor will assure that all this work will be done during non monsoon season.
The equipment used for remediation will strictly conform to CPCB noise standards. Vehicles and equiprnents used shall be fitted with exhaust silencers. During routine servicing operations, the effectiveness of exhaust
Rasel~ne and ESMP for Wesf B e n ~ a l Site
Environmental and Social Assessment 7-22
Environmental Component
Flora and fauna
Wildlife
Activity
machinery etc
Remediation of site
No wild life is foundNone near the site
Site-Specific Impacts
Pressure on trees, vegetation and aquatic resources.
Tree cutting.
Increase pollution in Surface water.
Mitigation Measures (Mitigation budget in Section 7.1.10)
silencers shall be checked and if found to be defective shall be replaced. The noise level from any machinery (measured at one metre from the edge of the equipment in free field) such as compactors, front end loaders, and cranes, shall not exceed 75 dB (A), as specified in the Environmental Protection Rules, 1986.
Within 150m of the nearest habitation, noise creating activities will be stopped during the night time between 9:00 p.m. and 6:00 a.m.
To protect workers from severe noise impacts, noise standards of industrial enterprises will be strictly enforced, and workers shall be provided with Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) such as earplugs.
To ensure the efficacy of the mitigation measures suggested, noise level monitoring shall be carried out at least every month during remediation.
There are chances that labourers and other staff engaged in remediation activities put a pressure on trees for fuel wood and temporary huts, vegetables and aquatic resources
If there will be requirement of tree felling during remediation process, then permission for tree felling will be sought as per the guidelines of West Bengal State Government.
No mitigation measures is required
Environmental and Socral Assessmen1 Study
Aesthetics
Mitigation Measures (Mitigation budget in Section 7.1.10)
Environmental Component
In order to develop HW sites in Hooghly good approach roads and plantation is required.
Excavation of waste, site preparation and associated construction activities.
Activity
Visual and aesthetics loss
Site-Specific Impacts
Traffic
Environmental and Social Assessment 7-23 PI rn
Sarkar Wigh Bridge: +ive workers at ~ h ~ b ~ ( ~ ~ k ~ ~ h i f t Restaurant) earn about 100 Rslday.
I -one owner of ~ h ~ b ~ who about 250 Rslday.
-Owner of Sarkar Weigh Bridge lose his income during remediation. Per day income of the Owner is Rs 5 0 0 -Five weigh bridge operators will lose their i r ~ o m e during remediation period. Per day income of these operators is RS 100.
Minu Computer Wigh Bridge -Nine workers at Dhaba (Makeshift Restaurant) near Minu Computer Weigh Bridge who earn about loo Rslday
Movement of Vehicles, Excavating activities, Filling activities, transportation of waste. Land preparation and construction activities
In case of loss of livelihood, compensation for the transition period will be provided to all affected persons.
KMC and WBPCB can help affected people to start some small business depending upon climatic conditions of this area. As this area is warm and humid, options for this area may be poultry, aquaculture, flower cultivation, some local resource based handicrafts like hand made papers, potteries, candle making, composting etc. The NGOls hired to help these communities improve their livelihoods options will work with the communities throughout the closure of the second, larger site, before the end of the project's fifth year. One list for possible vocational training for these ragpickers and affected persons has been included in this report for reference as Annexure-6.2.
In the unlikely and unforeseen case of temporary land acquisition, conditions of mutually agreed contract
Increased traffic movements, dust All vehicles should be checked Control" certificates and occasional spot testing o emission from vehicles should be assistance of the local administration.
Proper traffic management by local administration
Baseline and ESMP for West B e n ~ a l St/e
Environmental Component
Livelihood (continued )
Activity Site-Specific Impacts
- One owner Dhaba will loose his income who earns about 500 Rslday.
-One Petty shop owner near the site will also loose his income, who earn 250 per day.
-Five weigh bridge operators will lose their income during remediation period. Per day income of these operators is Rs 100.
-Owner of Minu Weigh Bridge will also lose his income during remediation. Per day income of the owner is Rs 700
Zenith Timber. - One owner of shop will loose
income who earns Rs 200 per day. - Two workers at this timber shop
also loose their income who earns Rs 100 per day.
Ashalata Brick Klin -Ashalata brick kiln is in operation since 1991. The working season is from May to November. During site visit there were about 20 families consisting of I00 workers present on site. The maximum workers during peak working time would be 150 (told by owner of Klin) or around 30 families. All these workers migrate
Mitigation Measures (Mitigation budget in Section 7.1.10)
between contractor and owner of land will be followed.
All persons listed as having income streams interrupted due to project activities will be compensated according to national and World Bank social safeguards policy
hisguidelines.
willRemediation would be done without closing the brick making as there is sufficient space available with owner for relocating workers colony. In this case we have to construct new exit for movement of vehicles.
As discussed with owner (Mr. Surya Narayan Nandi,), he has no problem with this options, and he will cooperate during remediation.
Envrronmenral and Social Assessmenr Sludy
Envirollnlental and Soc~al Assessment 7-25
Mitigation Measures (Mitigation budget in Section 7.1.10) Site-Specific Impacts
from Bihar and Jharkhand the neighbouring States and belong to SC or ST categories. Out of total workforce 50% is female. Per day income of these workers is Rs 100 to 125.
-Apart from these brick workers there are two operators who will loose there income during the course of remediation. The income of thes operators is Rs 200 per day. - One accountant of this klin will also loose his income. He earns Rs 1001day.
-Also owner of this klin will loose his income during the course of remediation.. The owner earns more than Rs 2000 per day.
Shivang Trexim -This Industry is already closed and there is no person here who will his income.
Chakundi -One guard will loose his income in the course of remediation
Pashupati Seong Industry -Three Security guard working at the
Environmental Com ponen t
Activity
Baseline rind EShfPfor Wesl Bengal Sire
Environn~ental and Social Assessment 7-26
Environmental Component
Shelters
Agriculture activities
Activity
Remediation/Closure of sites
Remediation/Closure of sites
Site-Specific Impacts
Pasupathi Seong Industry will loose there income. Income of these security gaurds is Rs 100 per day.
-Two workers at barber shop near this site will loose there income. These workers earns Rs 75 per day.
-One owner of barber shop will also loose his income who earns Rs 100 per day.
-Three owners in three dhabas near this site will loose there income.
-Six workers in three Dhabas will lose their income.
List of all these affected persons except brick klin workers is given in Annexure- 7.1. The list of Brick klin workers will be available by the third week of December 2008 as contractor under which all these laborers are working was not available clue to festival.
There is no person at hoogly site who will loose his shelter or accommodation.
All sites are located in Industrial area; hence there are no agricultural farms in these locations. Though there are small ponds which are used for fish farming and developing other aquatics flora may be impacted due to remediation work.
Mitigation Measures (Mitigation budget in Section 7.1.10)
Environrnen~al and Social Assess~nenl Sludy
Environmental and Social Assessment 7-27
Environmental Component
Employment
Infrastructure
CulturaliReligiou s Properties
Activity
Remediation/Closure of sites
Remediation/Closure of sites.
Remediation/Closure of sites
Site-Specific Impacts
Some employment will be generated as a result of remediation work
As a result of remediation work lot of temporary and permanent Infrastructure will be developed during remediation work.
There is no religious site which will be impacted due to remediation activities as no site fall in the zone of impact.
Mitigation Measures (Mitigation budget in Section 7.1.10)
No mitigation measure is required.
No mitigation measure is required.
Although there will be no direct impact on any religious or cultural site, though all constructions camps will be sited at a distance 500 m away from these cultural and religious structures and settlements as a mitigation measure. Construction machinery and equipment will also be sited 500m away from habitation.
A detailed plan to mitigate any impact on worshippers' access to these Physical Cultural Resources is being developed during the Appraisal Mission (Dec. 2 - 12) and will be fully prepared well before Negotiations for the project.
Baseline and ESMPjor West Bengal Sire
7.2.10 Impacts and Mitigation Measures for Religious and Cultural Site at Hooghly
Impacts
The Hoogly Hazardous Waste site is composed of seven individual sites grouped under the heading of Hoogly HW remediation. Based on preliminary surveys undertaken by ICT, the Ashalata Brickfield is the only one that was deemed at risk from the cultural perspective. The site is walled in on the western, southern and eastern sides and the northern edge of the property is bounded by agricultural land with no vehicular access (See Map 7.1.2 Layout and location of cultural and religious properties at Ashalatha brickfield HW site)
All assumptions indicate that transport of hazardous materials will borrow the southlnorth KolkataDelhi main road to the transversal secondary road that leads to the gate of the brickfield located approximately 0.5 km. from the crossing. The Durga Temple, which is located at a distance of about 150m. from the Ashalata Brickfield gates is frequented by worshipers from a large radius, many of whom use the secondary road that will be used by the remediation contractor. The Temple is renowned for the curative powers of Durga and consultation with the Temple keeper, Ms. Nomita Douleh, revealed that approximately 25 to 30 people visit the Temple daily at any given time of the day and night. The road used by these worshipers to reach temple is very poor and there is no proper lighting facility on this road. At site visit time no more than 8 light posts were identified. These are about 4.5 m. tall and are fitted with small regular lamp bulbs of no more than 60 watts. Under such conditions, visibility at night fall is very poor especially in consideration of the fact that most visitors to the temple access it afoot or by bicycle.
Mitigation Measures
The Durga Temple is the only venue likely to receive direct impact from project activities in Hoogly due to its proximity to the Ashalata Brickfield Hazardous Waste site. As such access and safety must be ensured.
Excavation will take place within the central part of the property covering an area of approximately 400 m2. Despite the fact that there is ample space for maneuvering trucks that will remove contaminated soil within the gated area of the Ashalata Brickfield.
Following mitigation measures for vehicular flow are recommended.
o Therefore the recommendations for this site are taken in consideration not only in terms of diminishing disruption to religious rituals but also in terms of safety and health hazards. They include:
o paced relay of trucks to avoid congestion and queuing,
o immediate removal of contaminated soil,
o hermetic sealing of load containers,
o enforcement of speed limits below 20 kmhr within 100 m. of the remediation site,
o pause in works at midday prayer time for one hour estimated to take place between 12.30 or 13.30
o include hedge planting along the northern property line of the mosque to delineate parking area as part of the foreseen landscaping activities of remediation
---- Environmental and Social Assessment
7-28
Environmental and Socral Assessmen! S /uh ,
Additionally and in order to mitigate potential risks associated with accessing the Durga Temple particular attention has been given to improving road lighting conditions in the matrix in order to ensure that visitors to the Temple, especially during winter hours, are clearly visible to truck drivers.
Additional Recommendations
The following are recommendations pertaining to measures to be taken with contractors in terms of information sharing, procedures and bidding documents.
Because of the large distances between HW sites and TSDFs (about 100 km in WB), it is essential that contractors hold proper liability insurance coverage.
To ensure proper implementation of the mitigation measures it is essential that all landscaping and access improvement interventions be specified in the bidding documents pertaining to remediation contracting so as to allow bidders to include such costs in the relevant budget allocations.
Because the TSDFs are located at a significant distance (up to 100 km. in WB) from remediation sites the contractor, in addition to proper liability insurance coverage evidence, should submit an emergency plan that covers procedures in case of accidental spillage particularly during the transfer of hazardous waste between the remediation site and the TSDF.
Furthermore it is equally important that the selected contractor should be informed about the PCR impacts and requested to conduct an induction program to all relevant staff prior to the commencement of activities that outlines, among other things, codes of conduct to ensure that mitigation measures are respected
TABLE 7.1.13 PHYSICAL CULTURAL RESOURCES (PCR) MITIGATION MEASURES MATRIX
Access to the Durga Temple impediments
Increased noise
Air quality deterioration
Improve lighting along secondary road
Contractor Comparison with Road 1 with baseline authorities? consultation data
I Establish a truck I dispatching program to
Pace the relay of trucks to avoid queuing and
a) Pace the relay of trucks to avoid queuing and idling engines
I b) Remove I contaminated sludge ( immediately not
Contractor Reduction of Site road accidents Supervisor 1 Contractor Number of Site grievances Supervisor recorded
Contractor Number of Site grievances Supervisor recorded
Integral part of agreement with contractor.
WBPCB 7 WBPCB 7
i 1 allowing it to remain 1 I I I 1 I on site and dw out 1 I 1 1
I The contractor should be informed about the PCR impacts and requested to conduct an induction program to all relevant staff prior to the commencement o f activities that outlines. among other things, codes of conduct to ensure that mitigation measures are respected.
Environmental and Social Assessment 7-29
Baseline and ESMP for Wesr Bengal Sire
Safety of worshipers
Health hazards
Chance finds during excavation and sludge removal
Establish a speed limit of no more than 20 kmlhr within 500m. of the site clearly indicated by relevant signs
a) Hermetically seal the containers to prevent spills and leaks
b) prepare an emergency response and spill plan
Comply with the Treasure Trove Act and report any finds to relevant authorities immediately2
Contractor / Number of Site Supervisor
WBPCB with Transport and Road authorities?
Contractor 1
Reduction of road accidents
Contractor Site Supervisor 1
WBPCB
WBPCB
Contractor Insurance
WBPCB
Revenue Officer of the district and any officer appointed by the provincial authorities to perform the functions of "Collector" under the Treasure Trove Act
-- Env~ronmental and Soc~al Assessment
7-30
Basrl~nr and ESMP for West B e n ~ a l S ~ l e
Environmental and Social Assessment 7-32
Environmental Parameters, Project Hooghly site, Stage
Parameters
All the parameters for inland surface water quality standard for class-D will be tested for groundwater as per IS 10500: 199 1
-do-
-do-
West Bengol
Surface Water Quality
Ground Water Quality
Remediation stage
Post Remediation stage
Remediation stage
Location
six locations
-do-
Twelve locations
Frequency
One samples on monsoon and other post monsoon in a year.
One samples on monsoon and other post monsoon in a year. For a period of three year
One samples on monsoon and other post monsoon in a year.
Standards
Water quality standard by CPCB
-do-
-do-
Approximate cost (Rs.)
8000X6X2X1 = 96000
800OX6X2X3=288000
8OOOX 12X2x1= 192000
Implementation
Contractor through approved monitoring agency
PIU
PIU
Supervision
PIU, SC
PIU
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Bnsellne ond ESMP for West B e n ~ a l Sl/e
Environmental and Social Assessment 7-34
Approximate cost (Rs.1
8000X12X2X 1=192000
800OX12X2X3=576000
Location
Twelve locations
-do-
Frequency
Two sampIes in a year except monsoon season.
Two samples in a year except monsoon season. For Three years
Monitoring Cost (Rs.) Twenty Lakhs Eighty Eight Thousand only
Standards
Soil Quality Standards for Agricultural soiI with added parameter of type of contaminant prevalent in that area.
-do-
Parameters
As per the requirements of Agriculture soil
As per the requirements of Agriculture soil
2088000.00
Implementation
Contractor through approved monitoring agency
PIU
Environmental Parameters, Project Hooghly site, Stage West Bengal
Supervision
PIU, SC
PIU
Soil Remediation stage
Post Remediation stage
Environmenial and Socral Assessmeni S i u 4
Table 7.1.15 Social Management Plan (SMP) cost for Hooghly HW sites, West Bengal
S. No. I ( Social Safe guard Cost
Component
/ B I Compensation Cost
Cost per day/month/year
I Workshop
I Resettlement Com~ensation 1 Nil
Income Restoration
Number of persons
2250001 year 1 -
Total 19 1 workers will be compensated. Sarkar Weigh bridge
- 5 operator at Sarkar Weigh bridge.
- 1 owner of Wigh Bridge. - 5 workers of dhaba near weigh
bridge. - 1 owner of this dhaba.
Sub Total (A)
1 Minu Weigh Bridge - 5 operators at Minu Weigh
I Bridge.
- 1 owner of weigh bridge - 9 workers at Dhaba near minu
weigh bridge.
No. of days/ months / years
5 years
1125000.00
Environmental and Social Assessment 7-35
Amount (Rs.)
25000
1 125000.00
Nil
191
US$*
25000
Nil
75 days
Environmcn~ul and Soc;ul Assessrnenr Study
Table 7.1.16 Total ESMP cost for Hooghly HW site
I c o s t Component I Cost (Rsj I cost (US 6 ) I
I SMP Cost
Environmental Monitoring
Environmental and Social Assessment 7-37
2088000.00
Total
46500
4810500.00 107500
Baselrne and ESMP for West Bennal S ~ t e
7.2 Baseline Environmental and Social Setting of Dhapa
7.2.1 Introduction
The baseline environmental status is based on primary and secondary data collected through on-site field observations and previous studies carried out by West Bengal Pollution Control Board, and records of Health Departments and Primary Health Centers and Clinics, Industrial Estate, Socio-Economic Surveys and public consultations around site. The following environmental and social components of Dhapa Municipal solid west site were focused on during this study:
Physical environment comprising climate, topography, geology, air and Noise quality, water quality etc.
Ecological environment consisting of flora and fauna of study area.
Socio-Economic environment consisting demographic profile, occupational structure, health issues, educational status, and literacy status, etc.
The Dhapa municipal solid waste landfill site (Map 7.2.1) is located about 10 km south-east of Kolkata city, and receives around 3,500 to 3,700 tonnes of waste daily. The disposal site is mountain shaped from west to east. The area of landfill site is 70 acres, divided into two parts, MIS. Eastern Organic Fertilizer Ltd, a compost plant, which is centrally located at the site.On the western side 23 acres land is used by KMC for landfill, which is operated mechanically (Photo 7.2.1). In eastern site 47 acres land is landfilled by private contractors and the loading/unloading of waste is done manually (Photo 7.2.2).
Map 7.2.1: Location Map of Dhapa Land fill site
-- --
Env~ronmental and Social Assessment 7-38
Environmental and Social ilssessment Study
Photo 7.2.1: Mechanical Unloading of waste by KMC Photo 7.22: Manual Unloading of waste bv coniracl veh~cle at Dhapa Landjill site vehicle at Dhapa Landfill srte
7.2.2 Physical Environment
7.2.2.1 PI~ysiography and Drainage
The study area falls in Kolkata, which is located in eastern India in the Ganges Delta at an elevation ranging between 1.5 to 9 m. The city is spread linearly along the banks of the River Hooghly in a north-south direction. The river takes off from the main Ganga Channel at the head of the delta near Farakka as Bhagirathi and further down stream assumes the name Hooghly in the tidal stretch. Most of the city was originally a vast wetland, reclaimed over the decades to accommodate the city's burgeoning population. Several low lying depressions in the form of marshes, shallow lakes or Jheels abound the area and most of these represent river scars of the past drainage channels of Bhagirathi. The master slope is towards south as indicated both by the course of the Hooghly and other major channels
7.2.2.2 Geology and Soil
The geology of the study area comprises quaternary sediments consisting of clay, silt, and various grades of sand, gravel, and pebbles. Lithological logs show the presence of a clay bed at the top, with a thickness of 1 0 4 0 m. There is a hrther clay bed 250-650 m below ground level. There is a group of granular aquifers between these layers, and these are being tapped as a groundwater resource. The area is seismically stable and lies in the part of Zone 111 that borders on Zone IV.
Soil of Dhapa and its surrounding area are Sandy clay loam in texture and the soil study done by Battacharyya et al 2008 in and around Dhapa land fill site reported high amount of sand (4449%), but a lesser amount of silt and clay, than the background soil; soil were neutral to slightly alkaline. Organic Carbon varied significantly among the soils and was 4-7 times higher in the landfill soils than in the background soil, likely in relation to land filling with different types of organic solid wastes and the cultivation practices. The landfill soils also contained significantly higher amount of total Nitrogen and available phosphorous than the background soil. Soils in the Dhapa farming land also has high amount of waste materials such as papers, plastics. stones, glasses etc, which is highly lethal to farmers working in the field.
The landfill soils had significantly higher concentrations of total iron, manganese, cadmium, lead, zinc and copper compared to those in the background soil. Significant (P<0.05) variations existed in the metal concentrations among the IandfilI soils and were due to the heterogeneity in the waste materials dumped at the respective sites over the years. Soils of the sites are highly contaminated with heavy metals, more importantly the
Env~ronmental and Soc~al Assessment 7-39
Baselme and ESMP for Wesl Benpal Site
dissolved total available phosphorous and water-soluble forms that are bioavailable and potentially toxic (Battachanyya et a1 2008).
7.2.2.3 Climate
Metropolitan Kolkata has a sub-tropical climate and shows distinct climatological features throughout the year. The annual mean temperature is 26.8"C; monthly mean temperatures range from 19°C to 30°C. Summers are hot and humid and maximum temperatures often exceed 40°C during May and June. Winter tends to last for only about two and a half months, with seasonal lows dipping to 12°C - 14°C between December and January. The highest recorded temperature is 43°C and the lowest is 5°C. Often during early summer, dusty squalls followed by spells of thunderstorm and heavy rains lash the city, bringing relief from the humid heat. The southeast monsoon rains lash the city between June and September and supplies the city with most of its annual rainfall of 1,633 mm. The highest rainfall occurs during the monsoon in August.
7.2.2.4 Ramsar Site
The present MSW site is near East Kolkata Wetland (ECW), which have been declared as a Ramsar site under the provision Ramsar Convention 2000. The Govt. of West Bengal enacted. "The East Kolkata Wetlands (Conservation and Management) Act 2006". Under the provision of this Act flora, fauna and biodiversity of wetland will be conserved. As discussed with KMC no part of present MSW site or any part of new MSW site developed for land filling falls under the ECW.
7.2.3 Pollution lssues of Affected Area
7.2.3.1 Air Environment
The air quality status of the Kolkata city during the months of January 2008 to August 2008 for SPM, RPM, SO, and NO, is given in Table 7.2.1. The highest values have been observed during the months of January to April through of all the parameters and the reported values of SPM, RPM and NOx during this period were above the permissible limit. On the other hand the SOX value is very low during the entire period, under the permissible limit. The major concern for the air quality of Kolkata city is the presence of high value of particulate matter, which is one and halftimes higher than the national residential standard. The high SPM and RPM are due to addition of more number of automobiles and also due to large scale construction activity (WBPCB, 2004).
Table 7.2.1: Monthly Maximum, Minimum and Average Values of Ambient Air Quality of Kolkata during January to August, 2008
Source: WBPCB
Environmental and Soc~al Assessment 7-40
Envrronmental and Socral Assessment S l u 4
There is no monitored data available for the I I
Air pollution at Dhapa site is also reported to Photo 7.2.3 Smoke emissionfrom Bone processing
be very high due to smoke emanating from the near by bone processing industry (Photo 7.2.3) and crematorium. The public consultation survey conducted in the surrounding villages revealed the release of methane gas and heavy odour problem during monsoon months.
7.2.3.2 Noise Environment
Noise levels in the city during both day and night times are higher than the permissible limit. The excessive noise level is caused by increasing vehicular traffic, and the presence of small enterprises. The night-time noise levels in many sensitive zones exceed 100 A- weighted decibels (dBA) against the prescribed standard of 40 dBA by the CPCB (KEIP -ADB -2006).
The noise at Dhapa landfill site is also reported to be high during the day time. The high noise is due to the movement of waste transport vehicles as well as the operation of landfill leveling machinery at the site. The private contracted vehicles generate more noise due to poor maintenance.
7.2.3.3 Water quality
Surface and groundwater pollution from Dhapa landfill site is very likely and the leached water stagnant at the site is clearly visible (Photo 7.2.5 and Photo 7.2.6). During the public consultation, people were complaining that the leached water is reaching the nearby water bodies, which the hand pump water was contaminated with iron and that tube wells will become unusable after a period of two year. The leachate reaching the area has stopped after the construction of boundary wall around the village.
Photo 7.2.4 and Photo 7.2.5: Leachate from Solid waste site
7.2.4 Social Issues of Affected Area
A socio economic profile of the project-affected arealpopulation is essential to create database and develop indicators for the evaluation of the project impact. To understand the socio-economic context of the proposed project and for providing necessary inputs for social analysis of the project, relevant baseline data on socio-economic and cultural
Environmental and Social Assessment 7-4 1
Baselrne and ESMP for West Bengal Sire
conditions were collected from various available primary and secondary sources like personal observation and enquiry, consultation with knowledgeable persons of the villages, etc.
On the basis of social survey, the affected settlements and villages have been identified and the same has been documented in the report. The important demographic features of the population, social categories, literacy level and economy of the population in the project influence area have been assessed.
The Project Influence Area (PIA) of the project comprises 5 village settlements located near the landfill site about lOkms South-East of Kolkata. Described below is the socio- economic analysis of the PIA near the landfill site. The description of concerned population includes all the people who are directly or indirectly affected by the project.
The following groups are identified who are likely to be affected by the project concerning the landfill site at Dhapa:
People living in the above said 5 villages, located near landfill site
Rag pickers including men, women and children
People running small-scale businesses near the landfill site
Any other personls generating livelihood through involvement with landfill site.
The details of socio-economic survey and public consultations are presented in the following sections:
7.2.4.1 Social Category
Most people living in Project Influence Area, (90 percent) belong to the Scheduled Caste and 10 percent of the households belong to the General category. People belonging to Scheduled Tribe or OBC do not reside in this area. The category of population residing in study area is given in Table 7.2.2.
Table 7.2.2 Social Stratification
1 S. No. Social Categories 1 No. of Responses 1 Percentage
I 1 Total I 107 1 100.0 1 I
1
2
Source: ESA Survey, ICT New Delhi, Sept., 2008
7.2.4.2 Education Status
SC
General
Majority of the population residing in PIA is illiterate, i.e. 72 percent and rest of the population, approximately 28 percent is literate. The level of education in study area is given in Table 7.2.3.
Table 7.2.3 Education Status
96
1 I
89.7
10.3
Environmental and Social Assessment 7-42
S. No.
1
2
107
Source ESA Survey, ICT New Delhi, Sepf.. 2008
No. of responses
77
30
Education Status
illiterate
Literate
7
Percentage
Environmental and Social Assessment S t ~ ~ d y
7.2.4.3 Employment Status
Other than rag picking (nearly 60%), most of the households,(l6%) rely on farming as a primary source for their livelihood. 6 percent are engaged as non-agricultural labourers, with 1 percent who are engaged in some kind of Business. The smallest category is of people with less than 1 percent are self-employed. However, 14 percent of the population is involved in other economic activities. The employment status in the study area is given in Table 7.2.4.
Table 7.2.4 Employment status
Percentage Employment Status No. of Responses
1
2
7.2.4.4 Monthly Income
Rag picking
3
4
5
6
Nearly 98 percent earns an amount less than Rs.2000 in a month on an average. And only 2 percent earns somewhere between Rs.2000 and Rs.5000 every month. There is not a single household that has a monthly earning of Rs.5000 or more. The monthly income and expenditure of the respondent is given in Table 7.2.5 and Table 7.2.6 below.
Business
Table 7.2.5; Monthly income
64
Source: ESA Survey, ICT New Delhi, Sept., 2008
Farming
Labourer
Self employment
Other
Total
1 S. No. 1 Monthly Income (Rs) I , No. of Responses I Percentage
59.8
2 1.9
18
7
1
15
107
Source: ESA Survey, ICT New Delhi, Sept., 2008
16.8 I
6.5
0.9
14.0
100.0
1
2
7.2.4.5 Monthly Expenditure
On an average 95 percent of households spend less than Rs.2000 in a month. 5 percent population monthly expenses range between Rs.2000 and Rs.5000 though it is not understood as to how they were spending more than what they were earning..
< 2000
2000 to 5000
Total
Table 7.2.6: Expenditure Status
105
2
107
98.1
1.9
100.0
S. NO.
Source. ESA Survey, ICTNew Delhl, Sept., 2008
Total
-
Env~ronmental and Social Assessment 7-43
Monthly Expenditure (Rs.1
107
No. of Responses
100.0
Percentage
Baseline and ESMP for West Bengal Site
7.2.4.6 Source of Drinking Wafer
All the households residing near landfill site satisfy their water needs through tankers provided by Kolkata Municipal Corporation which come to the place everyday. They use it for drinking and other domestic purposes. The source of Drinking water in study area is given in Table 7.2.7 below:
Table 7.2.7 Source of Drinking Water
Source: ESA Survey, ICT New Delhi, Sept., 2008
S. No.
1
7.2.4.7 Use of SIrucfures
100 percent of the households use their building structure solely for residential purpose. The type of structures is study area is given in Table 7.2.8.
Drinking water
KMC Tank Supply
Total
Table 7.2.8 Use of Structures
I I 7 1 S. No. Use of Structures I No. of responses 1 Percentage I
No. of responses
107
107
Percentage
100.0
100.0
7.2.5 Rag Pickers
Rag pickers form a very important group of stakeholders in the process of solid waste management. It is very natural to see rag pickers picking various kind of stuff at any landfill site. They collect all possible recyclable materials (plastics, bottles, papers) and sell them to kabadiwalas, local residents, small-scale factories etc. Often their livelihood is solely dependent on the landfill site. Any change in the existing dumping site has high probability of affecting rag pickers. Some of the characteristic features of the Rag Pickers at 'Dhapa landfill site' are given as follows.
I 1
7.2.5.1 Age of Rag pickers
Source: ESA Slrrvey, ICTNew Delhr. Sept..2008
Residential
Total
I 107
107
12 percent of rag pickers are under the age of 14 years. Nearly 20 percent are youths, falling in the age group of 14-21 years. Remaining 67 percent of rag pickers are adults, Over 21 years of age. The age profile of rag pickers is given in Table 7.2.9.
100.0
100.0
Table 7.2.9 Age of Rag pickers , S. No. Age (Years) 1 No. of responses Percentage I
Sorrrce: ESA Survey ICT New Delhr, Sepl.. 2008
3 -
Environmental and Social Assessment 7-44
> 21
Total
43 67.2
64 100.0
Emironmenial and Social Assess~nenl Sturfv
7.2.5.2 Sex ratio among Rag pickers
56 percent of the rag pickers are male and the rest are females. The sex ratio of respondent is given in Table 7.2.10.
Table 7.2.10 Sex of respondent
Source: ESA Surve-v, ICT ATe'e,v Delhi, Sepi., 2008
7.2.5.3 Reading Ability
Among the Rag pickers, 16 percent are able to generally read their native language (Bangla). A majority of 84 percent does not know how to read. The reading and writing ability of these rag pickers is given in Table 7.2.1 1 and Table 7.2.12 below.
S.No.
1
2
Table 7.2.11: Reading Ability of Rag pickers
Sex
Male
Female
Total
Table 7.2.12: Writing Ability Rag pickers
1 S. No. 1 Able to write
No. of responses
3 6
28
64
Percentage
15.6
84.4
100.0
S. No.
1
2
No. of responses
Percentage
56.3
43.7
100.00
Source: ESA Survey, ICT New Delhr, Sepi., 2008
7.2.5.4 Writing Ability
Writing ability amongst the rag pickers is similar to their reading ability. 16 percent of the rag pickers can write but only in their native language.
Percentage
Able to read
Yes No
Total
No. of responses
10
54
64
1 I Total I 64 1 100.0 1
1
, 2
Source: ESA Survey, ICT New Delhi, Sept., 2008
7.2.5.5 Living Place
An interesting finding was that 51 percent of the rag pickers have their hutsljhuggis where they stay. 23 percent of the rag pickers use the footpath as their place of stay, 3 percent do not have any fixed place and 1 percent rent some place. A good amount of rag pickers (20%) live in their own houses. The living places detail of rag pickers is given in Table 7.2.13 below.
Yes No
Table 7.2.13: Living place of Rag pickers
S. No.
10
54
Place
15.6
84.4
I Total 1 Percentage
1 I Rented place I I 1.6 1
Env~ronmental and Soc~al Assessmenl 7-45
2
3
Footpath
No Fix Place 15 2
23.4
3.1
Basel~ne and ESMP for West B e n ~ a l Site
S. No. Place 1 Total 1 Percentage I 1 I
4 1 Hut/ Jhuggi 33 ( 51.6 1 / 5 I Own House I 13 1 20.3 1 I 1 Total 64 1 1 0 0 4
Source: ESA Survey, ICTNew Delhi, Sept., 2008
7.2.5.6 Migration Status
Most of the rag pickers, who work at Dhapa landfill site, are native residents of Dhapa itself. They constitute 86 percent of the total rag picker population. 14 percent have migrated from other places and now work here. The Migration status of these rag pickers is given in Table 7.2.14.
Table 7.2.14 Migration Status of Rag pickers
No. of responses S. No. Percentage Migrated
1 1 yes 1 9 1 14.0 1
Total Lb41 100.0
Source: ESA Survey, ICTNew Delht, Sept.. 2008
7.2.5.7 Income All the rag pickers are able to earn a minimum amount of Rs.50 in a day. 19 percent of the rag pickers are able to earn Rs.100 to Rs.150 each day. Remaining rag pickers' income varies from Rs.50 to Rs.100. The monthly income of these Rag pickers is given in Table 7.2.15.
Table 7.2.15 Per Day Earning of Rag pickers
1 ' 1 S. No. Amount (Rs.) No. of responses
2 100-150 12
, Total 64 100.0 Source: ESA Survey, ICTNew Delhi. Sept.. 2008
7.2.5.8 Sickness Record
52 percent of the rag pickers admitted that they have fallen sick while working at the landfill site, whereas 48 percent refused any such incidence. The illness record and the approach of treatment by these rag pickers is given in Table 7.2.16 to Table 7.2.18 below.
Table 7.2.16 Sickness Record of Rag pickers
7 1 S. No. 1 Ever been sick 1 No. of responses
1 ) yes I 33 1 51.6 1
Environmental and Social Assessment 7-46
L 1 Total
Source: ESA Survey. ICT New Delhi, Sept.. 2008
64 100.0 (
Environn~enral and Socral Assessmenl S l u 4
7.2.5.9 Common Diseases
A variety of diseases is prevalent in this area. Few of the most common diseases reported by the rag pickers are Fever, Respiratory problem, Water borne diseases, Skin diseases etc.
Table 7.2.17 Common Diseases reported by Rag pickers
Source: ESA Survey, ICT New Delht, Sepr., 2008
7.2.5.10 Access to professional Doctor
Percentage
64.0 1 9.4
12.5
1.6
12.5
100.0
98 percent of the rag pickers consult a Doctor in case of need, where as 2 percent rely on some medical shops.
No. of responses
4 1
6
8
1
8
64
S. No.
1
2
3 4
5
Disease
Fever
Respiratory problem
Water borne
Skin disease
Water borne
Total
Table 7.2.18 Status of access to Doctor
- -
Source: ESA Survey, ICT New Delhi, Sepr.. 2008
2
7.2.6 Preliminary Public Consultation
Percentage
98.4
S. No.
1
Public consultation has been conducted in and around the Dhapa land fill site with the rag
Medical shops
Total
pickers, small vendors and municipality workers working at the site. Also meetings were
Consulted person
Doctor
conducted with the labourers and farmers working at the Dhapa garbage farming area. Besides this, West Bengal Pollution Control Board Officers, Engineers deputed on MSW
No. of responses
63
1
64
site, and local NGOs were also consulted for the social and environmental issues. The
1.6
100.0
major environmental and social issues discussed with all the stakeholders. are given in Table 7.2.19.
Table 7.2.19: Public Consultation
Stakeholders
West Bengal Pollution Control Board
Namemo. participantts
1 Date I Issues Discussed
Senior, Environmental Engineer., Waste Management Cell
I I
of Land for dumping
Collection and transport of waste
Public doesn't take this issue seriously
Dr Adhikari
Lack of manpower at 1 ' "".on cont"
enforcement
Lack of availability
Measures proposed
Govt. should provide land
Municipality should act responsibly for waste management
Sensitization of public
Environmental and Social Assessment 7-47
Env~ronmental and Social Assessment 7-48
Baselrne and ESMP for Wesr Bengal Sire
Stakeholders
West Bengal Pollution Control Board
NameLVo. of participantls
Mrs. Sarmistha Kundu, Environmental Engineer,
Waste Management Cell
Date
- Solid Waste Management Cell, Kolkata Municipal Corporation
I
SAFE I (Saviours And Friends of Environment) NGO
collection, transport of solid waste
Absence of safety measures for rag pickers
Transportation of uncovered waste
Boundary around Dhapa landfill site doesn't exist
Dhapa garbage farming area is contaminated with heavy metals
Unproductive rag picking activity
Low income of the villagers
Environmental and health Safety awareness
NO educational institute in the area
Subashis Chattopadhyay, A.K. Mondal (Executive Engineer,
Mr. Arup Maiti (Assistant Engineer, Dhapa Landfill site)
Head of the NGO
Promotion of masks, gloves, shoes among rag pickers while working
Fine for uncovered transportation of waste
Construction of wall around the site
Municipality and PCB should work together and make the area pollution free
Alternate Income generation methods to be devised for villagers as well as rag pickers
provision of Govt. schools in
Issues Discussed
monitoring
Villagers are encroachers
Farming in and around the Garbage leads to health problems
Sustainable development of dumping land through providing addition land for scientific land filling
Fishing in and around the waste water adds to hazards
Health safety awareness for workers involved in
Measures proposed
Farminglfishing activities near waste should be discouraged
Arrangement for sanitary landfill should be made
Awareness among masses is required
Environmental and Social Assessment Stu+
Initiatives
Durgapur
Residents of Khanneperia and Ucchepota Village
the Garbage farming
31
Date Issues Discussed
Lack of concern in Municipality
Awareness education for rag pickers
Children's education
Public health
Problem of flies and mosquitoes
Respiratory diseases such as Asthma, TB
No toilet facility at village, toilet constructed by KMC is damaged and they are using the public place
Inadequate supply of water
N o s e and Eye irritation due to gas release
No hospital facility
Site also being used for cremation of dead bodies
KMC supplying water on alternate days to the villages through tanks
Measures
25/09/08
proposed
the area
-
Skin diseases while working at the garbage farm and as rag pickers
Municipality shall be held responsible for contamination of land, water
Educational Infrastructure should be developed
Another site for dumping must be provided
Hospital should be constructed for medical facility
KMC should supply adequate water
Dumping site should be relocated so that pollution problems are minimized
Provision for medical treatment should be made by the govt.
Water tank should come to villages everyday
Agricultural lands shall be made free from contamination
Environmental and Socral Assessment 7-49
Inadequate drinking water
Frequent injury
Boundary wall around site should be
Photo 7.2.6: Consultation at SAFE, NGO
Baseline and ESMP for West Bengal Site
Photo 7.2.7 : Consultation at Ucchepota village
Stakeholders
Photo 7.2.8 : Consultation with Mr.Adhikari Sr.Environmenta1 Engineer, WBPCB
.2.7 FINDING
NameINo. participantls
Socio-economic survey
The area around the landfill site is PI Scheduled Castes. Mandal, Doloi, Sark
Date
Photo 7.2.9 : Consultation with Mrs.Kundu Environmental Engineer, WBPCB
marily inhabited by people belonging to the Ir are amongst the dominant castes.
Issues Discussed
while working at the farm
Soil fertility increased
Agriculture land is polluted with metallic pieces, stones and polythene bags.
Environmental and Social Assessment 7-50
Measures proposed
constructed
Environmental and Social Assessment S t u 4
Less than 30 percent of the population is literate, which is much lower than the National Literacy Rate of India (65 percent), as well as that of West Bengal (69 percent).
People are primarily involved in farming for livelihood generation. However, they are not legal owners of the lands. They have encroached on govt. lands.
The other poor section of population work as agricultural labourers on the lands owned by the powerfUl ones.
People are also engaged in non-agriculture labour, self-employment in order to sustain themselves.
Almost all the people (except for a population of 2 percent) earn Rs.2000 or less in a month. Thus 98 percent of population falls in close proximity to BPL according to World's Bank definition.
There is no regular piped water supply for these households. Kolkata Municipal Corporation however provides water tankers to these areas every alternate day.
These tankers are inadequate to meet the needs of the population.
People use the available building structures for residential purpose. Commercial utilization of structures is not done.
Rag pickers' survey
More than ten percent of the rag pickers are child labourers i.e. they are under the age of 14 years.
Youths below the age of 21 years comprise 20 percent of the rag picker population approximately.
Both males and females work as rag pickers in equal ratio approximately.
Illiteracy rate among the rag pickers is very high. Nearly 85 percent of them are illiterate. 15 percent of, rag pickers are able to readwrite only in their native language i.e. Bangla.
A good number (20 percent) of Rag pickers own the house where they live. This can be said to be a positive socio-economic indicator.
But the majority stays in slums, and also on footpaths.
Kolkata being a metropolitan city has large number of migrants who come in search of employment. Among the Rag pickers also, approx. 15 percent have migrated from other places.
Around 80 percent of rag pickers are Below Poverty Line (BPL), based on the criteria laid down by the World Bank.
By workingat landfill sites without any preventive measures, rag pickers often get sick. As reported by the rag pickers themselves, around 50 percent of them got ill in recent past.
Fever is the most prevalent illness in this area is followed by water borne diseases, respiratory problems and then skin diseases.
Env~ronmental and Soc~al Assessment 7-5 1
Baselrne and ESMP for Wesl Bennal Stre
The rag pickers are sensitized enough to consult a medical doctor on need. However, few of them also consult small medical shops for the same purpose.
They do not rely on traditional approaches of treatment.
Public and Stakeholders consultations:
People are not satisfied with the govt.'s role concerning to the landfill site
Burning of waste leads to emission of gases, which causes irritation in eyes of people residing nearby.
Agricultural lands near the site are polluted. However, soil fertility has increased.
Child labour is also practiced at Dhapa landfill site.
The public toilets at Ucchepota village are damaged, and people don't have any option as of now.
The existing landfill site has adverse effects on the health of people living nearby.
People use the landfill site for cremation purpose also, which adds to the problem of pollution.
Sensitization of public on solid waste management is required.
Adequate drinking water is not available for people.
Rag pickers do not use any protective measures while working,
Cultural/Religious Properties
There is no religious or cultural property atlor near the dumping site, however there are few religious structures such as temples present in the adjoining villages, which may not be affected due to project activity. One electric cremation ground is located within the project site and is non functional for longtime. The locations of the cultural and religious structures are given in map 7.2.2.
LegaVPolitical History of Site
Neither any court case nor any complaint has been registered involving landfill site.
7.2.10 Ngo Activity
There are about 18 registered NGO's working in Kolkata and all the NGO's were working on the environmental and social issues as per the data collected from the WBPCB. Consultations were conducted with two NGOs, Saviours and Friends of Environment (SAFE) and Change Initiatives. A summary of the consultation with NGOs is as follows:
Saviours and Friends of Environment (SAFE)
Dhapa garbage farming area is contaminated with heavy metals
Unproductive rag picking activity
Awareness education for rag pickers
Alternative income generating activity at the villages
Children's education
Environmental and health safety awareness
-- Environmental and S o c ~ a l Assessmrnr
7-52
Environmental and Social Assessmen! Studv
Change Initiatives
Alternative income generating activity at the villages
Children's education
Environmental and health safety awareness
Awareness education for rag pickers
7.2.11 ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT PLAN
The major environmental and social impacts identified at the Dhapa Landfill site and their detailed mitigation and monitoring prorgrmme adopted during different stages of the project are detailed in Table 6.1.14.
Map 7.2.2 Cultural sites at Dhapa landfill site
Environmental and Social Assessment 7-53
Raseirne and ESMP for Wesl B e n ~ a l Site
Table 7.2.20 Site-Specific Impacts during Remediation pliase
Environmental and Social Assessment 7-54
Mitigation Measures (see Section 7.2.12 for Mitigation budget)
Vehicles and machineries will have to be regularly maintained to conform to the emission standards stipulated under Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB).
Respective MC should take measures to avoid hazards and risks of huge xnount of methane gas to atmosphere, if it is not possible to consider these MSW sites as CDM project.
prevent risk MC's should take preventive and cautious measures to alert and aware people around the
The bidding documents will have to include requirements to contractor to prevent pollution hazards during remediation works.
There should be a system for gas collection before starting any developmental activities on Dhapa site to stop release of noxious gases.
Provision of Personal Protective Equipments (PPE) to all workers during the site remediation.
compliance with vehicular exhaust emission certification for the entire machinery involved in remediation.
Dust suppression at approach roads and working area with water sprinkling facilities.
DG sets must have acoustic jackets and appropriate stack heights to meet the requirements of CPCB.
Waste should be transported from source to final
Environmental Corn ponen t
Air and Noise
Activity
Movement of Vehicles, Excavating activities, Filling activities. transportation of waste. Land preparation, Operation of DG set and other machinery etc
Site-Specific Impacts
Excavation of waste and soil activities will lead to dust pollution in working area.
A study carried out for CDM project in Feb 2007 indicates that there w i l l be approximately 10,000 tonnes (annual average) of methane hi^ methane emitted in environment will increase the green house gases in atmosphere. Also there may be someTo risk of fire due to release of these gases, this may spread to surrounding area. Althoughsite. earlier KMC was thinking of taking up this project as a CDM project, they were not in a position to say anything about this during discussion with us..
MSW waste excavation work during site preparationlremediation will release noxious gases in Higher these gases are fatal.
Beside this there may be some odour problem during waste and sediments.
Environmenral and Social Assessmenr Sllrdy
Environmental and Social Assessment 7-55
Environmental Component
Soil
Activity
Excavation, Filling
Site-Specific Impacts
The operation of DG sets may lead to gaseous pollution apart from generating particulate matter.
T ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ , ~ ~ of sedilllents and solid waste from one point to other point lead to spillage of waste on the route.
Operation of machinery, vehicles and DG sets will lead to noise pollution in the working area.
Soil will be used for developing parks and landscaping at site in
The area of this site is 70 acres. As there are big heaps of waste, the surface area of these sites is much more than the area of these sites. Hence large amount of fresh soil will be required for remediation. This soil, if brought from agricultural fields, [nay lead to loss of productive soil and may develop low lying fields in nearby areas.
Soil contamination due to leakage of oil and chemicals from vehicles and machinery.
contamination of soil by solid wastes
Mitigation Measures (see Section 7.2.12 for Mitigation budget)
dumping place in specialized and covered vehicles. Regular inspection of vehicles for safe transportation will be a responsibility of contractor for which requirements will have to be included in the bidding documents.
Contractor must obtain consent from Bengal Pollution Control Board before starting remediation work.
To ensure the efficacy of the mitigation measures suggested, air quality monitoring should be carried out at least two times during remediation period. The SPM, RSPM, CO, S02, and NOx levels will be monitored for air quality.
It will be assured by contractor that only high land areas will be selected for excavation of soil. Soil will be use only from soil deposits notified by respective authorities.
Soil will be excavated in consultation with farmers and agricultural department and all fertile soil will be stored at some place so that this soil will be replaced back in farms after completion of excavation activity.
In case of any contamination of soil due to leakage or spillage, that soil will be immediately removed and replaced with fresh soil.
To ensure the efficacy of the mitigation measures suggested, soil quality monitoring should be carried out
Baseline and ESh4P .for Wesf Bengol Site
Environmental and Social Assessment 7-56
Environmental Component
Ground Water
Activity
Remediation
Site-Specific Impacts
There are chances that groundwater may contaminate due to lechate site, especially in rainy seasons.
Pressure on Drinking water and for other domestic use due to influx of labour and other staff.
Mitigation Measures (see Section 7.2.12 for Mitigation budget)
at least two times during remediation period.
WBPCB and Municipal Commissioner of Kolkata should ensure that Dhapa landfill must be provided with lechate collection system to prevent ground and surface water contamination.
It should be assured by contractor that all excavated MSW will be placed at a safe place, so that it does not spread during the rainy season or due to floods.
Contractor must give an assurance that all activities associated with remediation will be carried out under the supervision of an environmental specialist. Also contractor will assure that all this work will be done during non -monsoon season.
The works sites will be properly fenced. The remediation sites will have signs notifying about the remediation works and hazards if any, to prevent accidental access of local people and livestock.
Contractor will ensure supply of extra requirement of drinking water for influx population.
To ensure the efficacy of the mitigation measures suggested, ground water quality monitoring shall be carried out at least two times during remediation.
Drinking water parameters should be monitored to check the water quality during rernediation process.
Environmenral and Sacral Assessmenr Studv
Environmental and Social Assessment 7-57
Environmental Component
Surface Water
Noise
Activity
Remediation
Movement of Vehicles, Excavation, Land preparation, Operation of DG set and other machinery etc
Site-Specific Impacts
Contamination of nearby water bodies due to leaching
Health Impacts and disturbance in working.
Mitigation Measures (see Section 7.2.12 for Mitigation budget)
WBPCB and Municipal Commissioner of Kolkata should ensure that Dhapa landfill must be provided with lechate collection system to prevent ground and surface water contamination.
Contractor must give an assurance that all activities associated with remediation will be carried out under the supervision of an environmental specialist. Also contractor will assure that all this work will be done during non monsoon season.
The equipment used for remediation will strictly conform to CPCB noise standards. Vehicles and equipments used shall be fitted with exhaust silencers. During routine servicing operations, the effectiveness of exhaust silencers shall be checked and if found to be defective shall be replaced. The noise level from any machinery (measured at one metre from the edge of the equipment in free field) such as compactors, front end loaders, and cranes, shall not exceed 75 dB (A), as specified in the Environmental Protection Rules, 1986.
Within 150m of the nearest habitation, noise creating activities will be stopped during the night time between 9:00 p.m. and 6:00 a.m. No noisy activities will be pem~itted around the silence zones, a distance of lOOm from the sensitive receptors as hospitals, educational institutions etc.
To protect workers from severe noise impacts, noise standards of industrial enterprises will be strictly enforced, and workers shall be provided with Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) such as earplugs.
Baselitie arid ESMP for Wesl Bengal Srre
Environmental and Social Assessment 7-58
Environmental Component
Flora and fauna
Wildlife
Aesthetics
Activity
Reniediation of site
No wild life is foundNone near the site
Excavation of waste, site preparation and associated construction activities.
Site-Specific Impacts
Migration of birds and some breeding problems for aquatic fauna at Dhapa MSW site. In Dhapa MSW more than I00 - 150 cows, 50- 100 dogs and birds including vultures, eagles, crows and many other species depend upon the waste for their In case these fauna may be adversely affected.
Pressure on trees, vegetation and aquatic resources.
Tree cutting.
Visual and aesthetics loss
Mitigation Measures (see Section 7.2.12 for Mitigation budget)
To ensure the efficacy of the mitigation measures suggested, noise level monitoring shall be carried out at least every month during remediation.
Municipality, with help of NGO' should develop a rehabilitation program for all affected fauna
There are chances that labourers and other staff engaged in remediation activities put a pressure on trees for fuel wood and temporary huts, vegetables and aquatic resources particularly at Dhapa site. If there will be requirement of tree felling during remediation process, then permission for tree felling will be sought as per the guidelines of West Bengal State Government.
Such impacts are likely to be low. Impact will be of increased turbidity and alkalinity. Phytoplankton1 zooplankton productivity will be impacted thereby affecting adversely the yield of fish. Such impacts will be low, short term and reversible.
No mitigation measures is required
Site fencing plantation and vegetation development and other landscaping measures will be required to improve the aesthetic value of site.
Approach roads and other associated infrastructure is required for overall development of Dhapa MSW site as all approach roads are badly maintained and flooded with
Environrnenlal and Social Assessmen1 Sllldv
Environmental and Soc~al Assessment 7-59
Environmental Component
Traffic
Livelihood
Activity
Movement of Vehicles, Excavating activities, Filling activities, transportation of waste. Land preparation and construction activities
Remediation I Closure of sites
Site-Specific Impacts
Increased traffic movements, dust
As per the schedule of WBpCB closing of site will happen in two phases. The 8 Hectare site will be closed at the end of 2"d Year and 13 Hectare site will be closed at the end of 51h year.
In case of closure of MSW site, about 600 rag pickers ((List of these ragpickers has been enclosed as Annexure-7.2)) will lose livelihood. Per day income of these rag pickers is about Rs 150.
KMC and WBPCB have no plan for livelihood rehabilitation as far as rag- pickers are concerned. In their
these rag pickers may shift new landfill site for their
There are two small shopkeepers who will also lose their income permanently.
There are 130 households in
Mitigation Measures (see Section 7.2.12 for Mitigation budget)
waste water and sludge.
All vehicles should be checked for "Pollution Under Control" certificates and occasional spot testing of emission from vehicles should be carried out with the assistance of the local administration.
Proper traffic management by local administration
In case of loss of livelihood, compensation for the transition period will be provided to all affected persons.
In case of rag pickers who are losing their income permanently, besides giving them compensation, provisions will be made to employ some of them in remediation and post-remediation maintenance work; others will be engaged in vocational and handicraft training; some of them may receive grant seed money to purchase auto-rickshawlpaddle rickshaw, etc. All this
theirrehabilitation work will be carried out with the help of local NGOS.
One list for possible vocational training for these ragpickers and affected persons has been included in this report for reference as Annexwe-6.2.
People residing in Makantala and Ucchepota villages of Dhapa are poor and illiterate. KMC and WBPCB can help these people to start some small business depending upon climatic conditions of this area. As this area is warm and humid, options for this area may be poultry, aquaculture, flower cultivation, some local resource
Rnsrlrne arid ESMPfor West Bengal S ~ t e
Environmental and Social Assessment 7-60
Environmental Component
Livelihood (continued 1)
Shelters
Agriculture activities
Activity
Remediation/Closure of sites
RemediationlClosure of sites
Site-Specific Impacts
Ucchepota and 120 households in Makantala villages around Dhapa MSW site. All these families belong to SCIST group. Out of these 250 families, only 180 families engage in pig farming. Pig farming is only alternative business for these families, apart from rag-picking and animal husbandry.
There are about five pigs on an average with each household.
Annual income from these pigs is around 10,000 for each household.
These pigs totally dependent on MSW waste for their food. Closure of this site will directly impact the survival of these pigs and ultimately income of the owners.
There are about 60 farmers around Dhapa MSW site. All the land which is being cultivated by these farmers belongs to Government. Throughout the year farmers are growing cash
Mitigation Measures (see Section 7.2.12 for Mitigation budget)
based handicrafts like hand made papers, potteries, candle making, composting etc. The NGO/s hired to help these colnmunities improve their livelihoods options will work with the communities tlvoughout the closure of the second, larger site, before the end of the project's
afifth year.
In the unlikely and unforeseen case of temporary land acquisition, conditions of mutually agreed contract between contractor and owner of land will be followed.
All persons listed as having income streams interrupted due to project activities will be compensated according to national and World Bank social safeguards policy guidelines.
Note: the few rag pickers at this cluster of sites are not collecting waste as their sole livelihood source, as the sites do not contain sufficient valuable waste. These individuals will be included in plans to train project- affected peoples in alternate, improved livelihoods.
Environmental and Socral Assessment Study
Environmental and Social Assessment 7-61
Environmental Component
Enlployment
Infrastructure
CulturalIReligiou s Properties
Activity
Remediation/Closure of sites
Re~nediationIClosure of sites.
Remediation/Closure of sites
Site-Specific Impacts
crops like Cauliflower, Brinjal, Bitterguard, leafy vegetables and pumpkins etc. As all remediation work is confined within the fencing boundary of MSW site, there will be no impact on these crops, though there may be some loss in agricultural productivity due to dust pollution
Some employ~nent will be generated as a result of remediation work
As a result of remediation work lot of temporary and permanent Infrastructure will be developed during remediation work.
There are four villages in the surroundings of Dhapa MSW site. Out of these four villages two villages have temples. In Kannaperia there are five temples and in Durgapur there are three temples. All these temples are too far from MSW site, so there will be no impact on these religious sites. There is one electric cre~natorium near MSW site but it is in abandoned condition now.
Mitigation Measures (see Section 7.2.12 for Mitigation budget)
No mitigation measure is required.
No mitigation measure is required.
Although there will be no direct impact on these properties, all constructions camps can be sited at a distance 500 m away from these cultural and religious structures and settlements as a mitigation measure. Construction machinery and equipment will also be sited 500m away from habitation.
7.2.12 ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT BUDGET
The cost of Environmental and Social Management ESM has been calculated considering different colnponents of enviromnental and social mitigation and management plan described above, Environment monitoring cost was calculated based on the site specific environmental issues from Dhapa landtill sites. The Social development cost was calculated for project affected populations especially rag pickers working at the Dhapa landfill site. It is also proposed to organize an awareness workshop twice in year for a period o f five year and also to provide employment training to rag pickers. The details of the above cost are given in table 7.2.21 and 7.2.22.
Table 7.2 21. Environmental Monitoring Cost for Dhapa Landfill site
Draft Environmental and Social Assessment 7-62
Environmental Parameters, Project Dhapa site, Stage West Bengal
Location
--- Two locations
-Do-
Parameters
Air Quality
Frequency
24 hr continuous, in three seasons except monsoon season. Considering remediation period of one year
24 hr continuous, in three seasons except monsoon season for three years
Approximate cost (Rs)
6000X2X3X 1 =36000
600OX2X3X3=108000
Standards
Air quality standard by CPCB
-do-
Remediation stage
Post Remediation stage
SPM, RPM, NOx, SOX, CO,CN4
SPM, RPM, NOx, SOX, CO,CH4
Implementation
Contractor through approved monitoring agency
PIU
Supervision
PIU, SC
PIU
Draft Environmental and Social Assessment 7-63
Supervision
PIU, SC
PIU
PIU
PIU
Environmental Parameters, Project Dhapa site, Stage Parameters
All the parameters for inland surface water quality standard for class-D will be tested for groundwater as per IS 10500: 1991
-do-
-do-
-do-
West Bengal
Surface Water Quality
Ground Water Quality
Remediation stage
Post Kemediation stage
Remediation stage
Post Remediation stage
Location
Six locations
-do-
Twelve locations
-do-
Frequency
One samples on monsoon and other post rnonsoon in a year.
One samples on monsoon and other post monsoon in a year. For a period of three year
One samples on monsoon and other post monsoon in a year.
One samples on monsoon and other post monsoon in a year. For
Approximate cost (Rs)
8000X3X2XI= 48000
8OOOX3X2X3= 144000
8OOOX3X2x 1 =48000
8OOOX3X2X3= 144000
Standards
Water quality standard by CPCB
-do-
-do-
-do-
Implementation
Contractor through approved monitoring agency
PIU
PIU
PIU
Draft Environmental and Social Assessment 7-64
Environmental Parameters, Project Dhapa site, Stage
Parameters
As per National Ambient Noise Standard as Per Environmental Protection Act, 1986 amended 2002
As per National Ambient Noise Standard as Per Environmental Protection Act, 1986 amended 2002
West Bengal
Noise levels Remediation stage
Post Remediation stage
Location
Two locations
-do-
Implementation
Contractor through approved monitoring agency
PIU
Frequency
a period of three year
24 hr monitoring in three seasons for one years
24 hr monitoring in three seasons for three years
Supervision
PIU, SC
PIU
Standards
Noise level standard by CPCB
-do-
Approximate cost (Rs)
2000X3X2XI= 12000
2OOOX3X2X l = 12000
Draft Environmental and Social Assessment 7-65
Supervision
PIU, SC
PIU
744000.00
Environmental Parameters, Project Dhapa site, Stage West Bengal
Sub-Total Monitoring Cost (Rs.) Seven Lakhs Forty Four Thousand only
Soil
Parameters
As per the requirements of Agriculture soil
As per the requirements of Agriculture soil
Remediation stage
Post Remediation stage
Approximate cost (Rs)
8000X3X2X1=48000
8OOOX3X2X3= 144000
Implementation
Contractor through approved monitoring agency
PIU
Location
Twelve locations
-do-
Frequency
Two samples in a year except inonsoon season.
2 samples per year, except monsoon season. For 3 years.
Standards
Soil Quality Standards for Agricultural soil with added parameter of type of contaminant prevalent in that area.
-do-
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Annexure 3.1
Public Consultation Guidelines
A public consultation will be organized by the respective State Pollution Control Board (SPCB) at a location that is easily accessible by project affected persons (PAPS) and other stakeholders. Advertisement of public consultation, its time and date, and venue will appear in two local newspapers and one national newspaper and will be given by SPCB at least two weeks in advance of the public consultation. The original Environment and Social Management Plan (ESMP) for each site (part of the Environmental and Social Assessment Report for the project) should have been made available to the public by publishing it on the respective SPCB websites at least one month in advance of the public consultation. The dates (end-November 2008) upon which the Environmental and Social Assessment (ESA) Report was published on the SPCB websites will be acknowledged in all newspaper announcements. All necessary arrangements will be made by the SPCBs in order to make the relevant ESMP sections of the ESA report easily accessible to stakeholders. These reports must be available in regional and English languages at places near the project sites that are readily accessible by these stakeholders. These places may include centers of information such as an educational institute, panchayat office, gram sabha office, train station, etc. SPCBs also should ensure that all these centers must be open seven days per week in order to provide reports and information.
1. Project objectives:
Project proponent will describe the project objectives and timeframe of implementation; Location and area of impact due to remediation of sites;
2. Proposed benefits of Project: The proposed project is to remediate the Hazardous and Municipal Solid Waste sites considering area-based pollution management approaches-which means that the project will consider for management the project-relevant pollution issues not only within the site boundaries, but also in the area surrounding the site. Discussion of project benefits will cover the following issues:
Reduction of pollution-related health hazards to society living in project affected area; Improvement of soil and water quality of area; Mitigation of odor pollution; Development of site for aesthetic enhancement of area; Better environmental conditions of area; Improvement of living conditions of nearby society; Better livelihood options for project affected persons of area. Protection and possible enhancement of heritage and cultural sites surrounds the project area;
Annexure 3.1
3. Mitigation of Negative Impacts: During public consultation issues related to adverse impacts and how these impacts will be mitigated will be explained by the proponent. Likely adverse impacts may be following.
Impacts on livelihood of PAPS and mitigation measures; Impact of resettlement, if any, and mitigation measures; Probable temporary air, water, and noise pollution and associated mitigation measures; Impact on flora and fauna and mitigation methods; Impacts on heritage and cultural sites and related mitigation measures;
4. Environment Enhancement: Project proponent will explain about the location in their project area considered for enhancement and value addition. These enhancements may be landscaping of some selected location or improvement of water ponds in nearby area.
5. Management of Expectations Regarding the Project Effects Project is forward-looking and focuses on environmental improvements from now into the future; Improvements do not take place overnight: the project has a five-year life cycle, so improvements likely will not be detectable for several years;
6. Public Grievance Redress Mechanism Public Grievance Redress Mechanism (PGRM) established by project proponent would
be discussed with the stakeholders during public consultation.
Functions and responsibility of Public Grievance Redress Mechanism and how they will help project affected persons in case of any problem or injustice with these affected persons.
The location and timing of work of PGRM unit will also be discussed in public consultation session.
7. Encourage community/NGO/other stakeholder participation in multi- stakeholder mechanism that monitors the activities of local polluting industries
Anyone can report perceived violations of environmental regulations to SPCB outlets; Information about local industries and any local pollution matters can be found on t he SPCB website
Definitions and Details for SMP Implementation
Annexure 4.1
DEFINITIONS AND DETAILS FOR SOCIAL MANAGEMENT PLAN IMPLEMENTATION
Definitions and Details regarding PAPs' eligibility
The types of loss borne by Project Affected Peoples (PAPs) and to be compensated or otherwise mitigated have been enumerated in Chapter 4, Section 4.12 (Environmental and Social Management Budget, see p. 4-9) of this Environmental and Social Assessment (ESA). The following definitions will be applied in determining eligibility of Project Affected Peoples (PAPs) for compensation, rehabilitation, or any other activities prescribed by Social Management Plans (SMPs) for project sites.
Involuntarv displacement o f families: Refers to households whose dwellings are main shelters and are located within the bounds of the Project lmplementation Area (PIA), and which must be relocated to allow for successful completion of remediation works.
Project Implementation Area fPIA) is the area where project remediation and rehabilitation interventions will take place. PIA will include anchor sites (HW or old MSW dumps), which have been described in the project preparation studies, and adjacent territory where selected cleanup interventions will take place aiming at overall environmental improvements.
Elipible households/persons include: (i) PAPs whose livelihoods and/or income streams are interrupted by project remediation and rehabilitation interventions; (ii) PAPS who are squatters on the land (that is, who occupy the property without title, right, or payment of rent) just prior to the cut-off date (see below for definition of cut-offdate). The project does not include any kind of land acquisition; therefore, it is not expected that any PAPs will be affected by related issues.
Financial assistance for loss in source of income: Pertains to PAPs whose income streams are interrupted due to site works on the PIA. In this project, eligible PAPs will receive financial assistance according to the guidelines of Category R2 (See Chapter 4, Section 4.12). Eligible PAPs may include the following: (i) rag-pickers, whose scavenging of waste on remediation sites is interrupted by PIA works (note: rag-pickers who continue rag-picking are not eligible for compensation; see below); (ii) small business owners, vendors, and other sev-employed businesspersons (e.g., tea-sellers, food vendors, dhaba owners and employees), who operate their businesses on the PIA and can no longer operate due to site works; (iii) workers, either permanent or temporary, who are employed on-site by a larger business entity (e.g., workers in a brick factory, weighbridge operators and guards, etc).
On-site Dwellings Affected During Site Rehabilitation: If a dwellinglshelter located on the project site is only a part-time or temporary shelter (e.g., used for seasonal employment)- rather than the main shelter for household members-then the household is not fully eligible for monetary assistance for involuntary displacement (as defined in Category Rl ) . Rather, squatters or other PAPs who have shelter elsewhere, yet lose income during the temporary site remediation period because they lose their temporary on-site shelter, will be provided financial assistance for loss of income and for any cost of transportation to move the shelter materials away from the PIA. Where applicable, financial assistance will be provided for transportation costs to move shelter materials back to the PIA after site works have been completed, or as otherwise mutually agreed by all involved parties (see Category R3, Chapter 4, Section 4-12).
Definitions and Details for SMP Implementation
Cut-off date and elipibilih, re: financial assistance for lost income: A list of PAPS (indicating name, gender and age for each) for all four sites (two in AP, two in West Bengal) was collected in December 2008. This list will be verified via rapid survey, conducted by the NGO procured to oversee implementation of SMPs and ensure proper attention to PAPS at the particular project site. The cut-off date is the verification survey date. The verification list will be considered full and ready for implementation. Any person claiming to be a PAP after the cut-off date, and who is not on this list, will not be considered eligible. Verification will be accompanied by provision of identification (ID) cards for every eligible PAP. Before giving out ID cards, NGOs will establish proof of residence at site/PIA and/or duration of deriving livelihoods from the site, as well as degree of dependence on site for livelihoods. ID cards will be required for financial assistance (see below) and for receipt of safety equipment.
Financial assistance upon rehabilitation/iob skills trainin2 for rap-aickers: All rag-picker PAPS are eligible for and encouraged to attend job training. Training is available to these rag- pickers free of cost, and will be coordinated and implemented by the NGO hired for each site. After PAPS receive a full course of training, NGOs also will facilitate job placement for trained PAPs.
Financial assistance deposited in bank accounts: Financial assistance for lost income will be placed on a monthly basis in individual bank accounts-xme account created for each PAP and/or PAP household (one bank account may be provided for two or more PAPS if they belong to the same household). Bank accounts will be jointly created by the NGOs and PAPS for each site, based on the verification survey list and associated ID cards. The NGO will submit the verification list to the State Implementation Agency (State PIU). The State PIU will then use the verification list to ensure proper disbursal of funds when depositing assistance funds to the eligible PAPs' bank accounts on a monthly basis. The first deposit will occur within two (2) weeks of opening the account. The bank account must be opened in the name of an adult female household member, and money cannot be withdrawn without consent (e.g., signature, fingerprint) of this female household member. If no adult female household member exists, the bank account must be in the name of the oldest male household member.
Financial assistance to families with child PAPs: Families of PAPS below age 18 will be compensated the same amount as adult PAPS (100 Rs per workday for first 3 months-see Category R2 in Chapter 4, Section 4-12) only upon veriJication that the child PAP is attending school full-time, and is no longer involved in rag-picking. The NGO is responsible for verifying and overseeing school attendance. For another 9 months after the initial 3-month period, families of child PAPS will be given 25 Rs per day only upon verification of full-time school attendance. Facilitated by the designated NGOs, the project authority will set up one bank account per project site to sponsor children without families; out of this account, funds will pay for the children's admission to nearby schools, additional school fees and school supplies, and other basic needs.
Safety equipment and awareness training: Safety equipment (e.g., boots, goggles, gloves) and safety awareness training will be provided to rag-pickers who continue to work at solid waste sites in the project area (i.e., adjacent Dhapa SW site --not slated for closure within the project implementation timeframe). NGOs procured by the PIU will be responsible for distribution of safety equipment and awareness training.
Fund Flow Mechanisms
The PIU set up in the SPCB will have primary control over the dispensing of funds to eligible PAPs. Each PIU will designate a sub-unit (or a government counterpart, e.g., the Kolkata
Definitions and Details for SMP Implementation
Municipal Corporation, in the case of Dhapa site, West Bengal) to keep inventory of funds disbursed to PAPs. The two NGOs hired by the PIULone NGO tending to each project site in the state-will work in close cooperation with the PIU's PAP funds sub-unit to coordinate disbursement of funds into bank accounts set up for PAPs, and the concomitant systems to verify funds disbursement eligibility (e.g., ID cards when setting up bank accounts, and any other requirements, such as-in the case of rag-pickers-proof of full-time school attendance of former child rag-pickers). Monitoring and oversight of the fund flow mechanism and implementation of all measures agreed for financial and other assistance of PAPs will be performed by the State Implementation Agencies (State PIUs) that are accountable for proper record keeping of assisted PAPs until project implementation is completed and thereafter in official government files.
Grievance Redress Mechanism
Guidelines for the Grievance Redress Mechanism (GRM) and grievance reporting for each project site are presented in Chapter 4, Sections 4.13 and 4 .14. As agreed with the SPCBs during the project Appraisal Mission (December 2008), each SPCB will appoint two individuals to a Grievance Redress Cell for each site. One of these individuals will be a social/environmental expert employed by a local environmental NGO; the other individual will be an administrator in an academic or other public institution (e.g. Panchayat, School) near the project site (e.g. Agricultural University near Noor Md. Kunta site in AP). The individuals staffing the cell will work out of their main workplaces, rather than in a separate location. Contact information (phone, email, office address) for GR cell members will be posted in multiple public venues near the project site and will be maintained throughout entire project implementation period. These individuals will be paid a sum (as agreed with each SPCB) to staff the GRM for the duration of the project. For the first two years of the project, CR cell members will meet on a monthly basis with members of the formal Grievance Redress mechanisms already existing in each SPCB. In later years ofthe project, GR cell members will meet with the SPCBs less often, at a frequency determined by the Grievance Redress Committee (GRC, see Section 4- 14).
Annexure 6.1
Name of Rag Pickers Present on 09.12.2008 at Ukkayapalli Dumping Site I Name of Rae I Fathers/ Husband I
22 23 24
C.Maniyama C.Konama C.Konama
C. Vijayi C. Ramrnurty C. Krishna
F F F
8 11 9
Ukkayapalli Dumping Site Ukkayapalli Dumping Site Ukkayapalli Dumping Site
Daily Daily Daily
Annexure 6.2
Trainings Options For Ragpickers
BAG & PURSE MAKING
BAMBOO CRAFT
BASIC ELECTRICITY, ELECTRONICS AND HOUSE WIRING
BA-ERY MAINTENANCE AND CHARGING
BATIK (TIE & DYE)
BEAUTY CULTURE & HEALTHCARE
BEE KEEPING
BONSAI & FLOWER MAKING
CARPENTRY AND FURNITURE MAKING
CANDLE MAKING
CELLULAR/MOBILE PHONE REPAIR AND MAINTENANCE
CLAY MODELLING
COMPUTER HARDWARE (ASSEMBLY AND REPAIR)
COMPUTER APPLICATIONS
CU-ING AND TAILORING
COOKERY
CROCHET WORK
DECORATIVE WALL HANGINGS
DIESEL PUMP REPAIRING AND MAINTENANCE
DOMESTIC A-ENDANT
DOLL MAKING
DRAWING & PAINTING
DRESS MAKING DESIGNING & EMBROIDERY
ELECTRICAL TECHNICIAN
EMERGENCY LIGHT ASSEMBLY / REPAIR
ENGLISH SPEAKING
FABRIC PAINTING
FANCY ITEMS MAKING
FLOWER ARRANGEMENT
FRUIT & VEGETABLE PRESERVATION
GLASS PAINTING
GREETINGS CARD MAKING
HAND EMBROIDERY
HAND PUMP MECHANISM
HORTICULTURE ASSISTANT - FLORICULTURE/NURSERY RAISING
HAND WOOL K N I m I N G
Annexure 6.2
HANDICRAFTS - APPLIQUE AND PATCH WORK
HANDICRAFTS - TOYMAKING
HELPERS FOR HOSPITAL AND NURSING HOMES
ICECREAM MAKING
JUTE CRAFT
LEAF PLATE AND CUP MAKING
MACHINE EMBROIDERY
MAINTENANCE AND REPAIRS OF AUTOMOBILES - TWO WHEELER
MACHINE WOOL KNI lT ING
MASALA POWDER MAKING
MASONRY
MISTANNA AND NAMKEEN MAKING
MOTOR AND TRANSFORMER REWINDING
MASK MAKING
MEHENDI APPLICATION
O I L PAINTING
PAPAD AND BAD1 MAKING
PHOTOGRAPHY & VIDEOGRAPHY
POT PAINTING & DECORATION
PHENYLE AND DISH WASHING POWDER MAKING
PIGGERY
PRODUCTION AND APPLICATION OF ORGANIC MANURE
POULTRY FARMING
RADIO & TELEVISION MECHANISM
REPAIR AND MAINTENANCE OF CYCLE AND CYCLE RICKSHAW
REPAIR AND MAINTENANCE OF HOUSEHOLD ARTICLES
RAKHEE MAKING
REFRIGERATION & AIR CONDITIONING MECHANISM
REPAIRING OF DOMESTIC ELECTRICAL APPLIANCES
SCREEN PRINTING
SIGN BOARD PAINTING & WRITING
SIMPLE DAIRY MILK PRODUCTS
SOFT TOY MAKING
RESETTLEMENT ACTION PLAN Annexure 6.3
Scope of Land Acquisition and Resettlement
There is no land acquisition, as all land on which this remediation will be carried out belongs to Kadapa Municipality. However, there will be impact on 3 shelters which are likely to be removed in order to go ahead with site remediation activities, This site-specific Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) has been prepared for the Akkayapalli municipal solid waste site . This RAP identifies the broad scope of the project and outlines the policy, procedures for acquisition of shelters, compensation and other assistance measures.
The key benefits envisaged out of this project mainly comprise of improvements in basic service provision within the town of Kadapa. Benefits will also be available in the form of improved living conditions, a healthier living environment and the prospect of improved health status of the population living conditions around the waste disposal site. However, the socio-economic assessments undertaken during project preparation also indicated that the project will not acquire any private land as the Kadapa municipality owns the required land for the project and the expected impact is confined on only 3 residential squatters' hut which is insignificant. The results of the socio-economic survey are presented below:
Socio-Economic Survey
Based on the survey and confirmation from program preparation engineers, there are no expected impacts on permanent Shelter for example residential or commercial Shelter, religious and public structures and utility posts. Impacts are confined to residential squatters' huts constructed on munjcipality land. However the scope of resettlement impacts is indicated in the following Table No.1.
1 Non-titleholder Affected Persons 1 15 i
Table 1 - Summary of Resettlement Impacts
/ Female Headed Households 1 0 1
Resettlement Impact
Land Acquisition (ha)
, Non-titleholder Affected Households
I IPIST PAPS I 0 1
Number
3
1 BPL Households I 3 1 I BPL PAPS I 15 1 1 Average Family Size I 5
I
All affected households have been identified as BPL based on average daily income as reported during census survey. At the time of RAP implementation, NGO will verify affected households details such income, social category and vulnerability etc. etc
Average Household Income (per month)
Income Sources (Affected)
Policy Framework and Entitlements
- - -
Rs 36001-
Rag picking
The policy framework and entitlements for the program are based on national laws: The Land Acquisition Act, 1894 (LAA, amended in 1984), and the National Rehabilitation and
Source: Survey conducted ICT November 2008
Resettlement Policy, 2007 and WB's Policy on Involuntary Resettlement. Based on these, the following core involuntary resettlement principles applicable are:
i. Land acquisition, and other involuntary resettlement impacts will be avoided or minimized exploring all viable alternative sub-project designs;
ii. Where population displacement is unavoidable, time-bound RAPS will be prepared and affected persons (PAPs) will be assisted in improving or at least regaining their pre-project standard of living;
iii. Consultation with PAPs on compensation, disclosure of resettlement information to PAPs, and participation of PAPs in planning and implementing sub-projects will be ensured. Vulnerable groups will be provided special assistance (e.g. SC, ST, BPL, WHH, disabled, orphans, destitute and indigenous people);
iv. Payment of compensation to PAPs including non-titled persons (e.g., informal dwellers/squatters and encroachers) for acquired assets at replacement rates;
v. Payment of compensation and resettlement assistance prior to the contractor taking physical acquisition of the land and prior to the commencement of any construction activities;
vi. Provision of rehabilitation assistance for loss of income;
vii. Establishment of appropriate grievance redressel mechanism.
The entitlement matrix for the project based on the above policies is presented in Table 2.
Table 2 - Entitlement Matrix
Shelter Squatter
impacts
Compensation Policy
(i) 30 days advance notice regarding remediation activities, including duration and type of - - .
disruption. (ii) One time Assistance to Project Affected
Households for the loss of household (iii) One time assistance for construction of new
house (iv) Payment of minimum wages to each
household for a period of 12 months
Implementation Issues
Identification of alternative temporary sites to continue economic activity.
Responsible Agency
Valuation Committee will determine income lost. The NGO notice regarding remediation activities will be prepared and signed by the Executing agency. The NGO will distribute the notice to likely affected households and others in the area where remediation work would be carried out.
Consultation, lnformation Dissemination, Disclosure, and Grievance Redress
Public consultation in the form of meetings, people gatherings and individual interviews were held with potentially affected PAPs and project beneficiaries during field visits. In addition workshops were also arranged which provided an overview of the program to be undertaken at the site. During the workshop, it was ensured that participants understood the objectives, policy principles and procedures for any land acquisition, compensation and other assistance measures. The NGO to be engaged to implement the RAP will continue consultations, information dissemination, and disclosure. The RAP will be made available in MOEF, WB, SPCB and local municipality. The finalized RAP will also be disclosed in MOEF, WB, SPCB's website. Women were also consulted in order to identify their specific needs and concerns. The purpose of conducting consultations was to make people aware about the project and also gather public concerns, opinions and suggestions related to project. One of the prime objectives of the public consultations is to integrate the concerns and suggestions of people in the project activities.
lnformation Dissemination: The PIU will provide actual information on policies and information related to resettlement and rehabilitation action plan to the people in a continual manner. The following set of activities and mechanisms are proposed for this purpose:
i. Organizing public meetings by NGOs to appraise the likely affected people about the progress in the implementation of R&R works;
ii. Inform about the payment of compensation and assistance to the affected people; ... 1 1 1 . Public disclosure regarding monitoring and evaluation of R&R components of the
project
Resettlement Action Plan Disclosure: English and Telugu versions of the Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) will be disclosed at Akkyapalli Municipality office for easy access to these families. Additionally, the RAP will be made available in the Project Implementation Unit (PIU) and also on the websites of MOEF, WB and SPCB. The NGO engaged to implement the RAP will keep continue consultations, information dissemination and disclosure.
Grievance Redress Committee: Grievances of PAPs will first be brought to the attention of the PIU.
lnstitutional Framework
The State Pollution Control Board (SPCB) is the Executing Agency (EA) responsible for the project and will coordinate and ensure consistency for remediation work during project implementation phase. The SPCB's PIU will be established to manage implementation of project in the area.
Social Expert in lnstitutional Framework: Resettlement and social issues will be identified by a Social Expert of the PIU, who will ensure that all issues comply with involuntary resettlement safeguards of World Bank, Government of India and State government norms. NGO will be appointed to implement RAP. However institutional framework is resented in tabular form below:
Table 3 - lnstitutional Roles and Responsibilities
Activities Agency Responsible
Conducting survey NGO
Conducting FGDslmeetingslworkshops during SIA surveys PlUlNGO
Activities Agency Responsible
Computation of replacement values of Shelter proposed for VCIPIU acquisition and for associated assets
Categorization of PAPS for finalizing entitlements PIU
Formulating compensation and rehabilitation measures PIU
Conducting discussionslmeetingslworkshops with all PAPS and NGO other stakeholders
Fixing compensation for Shelter with in present case all PAP are V C non- titleholders
Finalizing entitlements and rehabilitation packages PIU
Disclosure of final entitlements and rehabilitation packages PIU
Approval of RAP SPCBNVB
Agreement and payment SPCB
Taking possession of Shelter.
PAP= project affected person, VC=Valuation Committee, FGD=focus group discussions, GRC = Grievance Redress Committee, NGO = nongovernmental organization, PIU = project implementation unit, RAP= resettlement action plan, SIA=social impact assessment.
Budget
It will be ensured that resettlement budgets would be disbursed on time. The NGO will implement the RAP and will involve affected persons including women in the implementation process. The estimated resettlement cost is approximately Rs 1425001- as indicated below. Resettlement budget estimated for the project is presented in Table 4.
Table 4 - Resettlement Budaet
Details Time period 1 Total 1 Compensation for loss of
, shelter 1 3 125000 1 once Assistance for new house construction
1 Total Amount I I I Compensation for loss in
, livelihood
Implementation Schedule
3
A tentative schedule for RAP implementation that clearly indicates the steps and actions are required which have to be taken at different stages of the project cycle presuming January is the beginning of the year as per the following Table 5.
3
I
20000 once 60000 1 2500
3 months (25 working days oer month)
7500 1
Table 5 - RAP Implementation Schedule
sr. Activities
Time in Months
Monitoring and Evaluation
10
13
15
RAP implementation will be closely monitored to provide the PIU with an effective basis for assessing resettlement progress and identifying potential difficulties and problems. Internal monitoring will be undertaken by the PIU with assistance from the SPCB. Internal monitoring will involve:
i. Administrative monitoring to ensure that implementation is on schedule and problems are dealt with on a timely basis
Compensation and resettlement assistance
Takeover possession of acquired property
Handover land to contractors
ii. Socio-economic monitoring during and after any resettlement impact utilizing baseline information established through the socio-economic survey of PAPs undertaken during project sub-preparation, and
. . . III. Overall monitoring to assess PAP status
+ +
Job charts will be given to the Social Expert. The job charts will indicate the targets to be achieved during the month. Monthly progress report will be prepared and submitted to the SPCB, reporting actual achievements against the targets fixed in their respective job charts and reasons for shortfalls, if any. The PIU will be responsible for managing and maintaining PAP databases, documenting results of PAP census and verifying asset and socio-economic survey data, which will be used as the baseline for assessing RAP implementation impacts. The EA will appoint an independent agency to undertake external monitoring to document:
+
i. Restoration of income levels
ii. Changes and shifts in occupation pattern . . . I r t . Changes in PAP type of housing
iv. Assessment of PAPs access to amenities, such as water, electricity and transportation
v. Performance of NGO, PIU and SPCB in resettlement implementation
The independent agency will monitor project twice a year for two years and submit reports directly to the EA (SPCB). The EA will submit all external monitoring reports to WB for review.
List of Affected Persons at Hooghly HW sites
1 2
1 7 R a j u D a s I Male ( Howrah
3 4 5 6
Minu Weigh Bridge (Dhaba) KarthikDas Mukesh Singh Sanjay Sharrna Obba Dass Ajith Das Babbu Mondal
8 / Chattu
( 205 1 Minu Weigh Bridge 1
1 Male I Jarkhand
1 10 11
Dulal Das Pratap Singh
Hari Naranjan Das Easwar Posiklal Pothi Mondal
9 1 Pratip Shaw Arnar Kurnar Sha Krishnakurnar Sha
206 207 208 209
1 3 / Surya Narayan Nandi (
35 25
45 60 25
1 18 1 Male I Shyam Nagar
210 21 1
Pasupathi Seong Access Road (HW site)
Krishna Kurnar Sha Sarju Prasad Sha
Meghna Gosh Ganesh Dhari Biren Gormukar Sornnath Haitu
Male Male Male Male Male Male
Ashalatha Brick Industry (Supervisor and owner) 1 / Subash Singh ( Manan Singh 1 2 2 / M ( Bihar (Kanalwh) 2 Kasi Nath
Biswajit Gosh Minu Halui
1 5 Ram lgbal 55 Male Bihar 6 Tarun Kurnar Takur Srirajkurnar Takur 21 Male Bihar 7 Mukesh Takur
Mogra Dankuni
Bellya ghata Durva Metipur Girridi(Jharkhand) 1
21 48
Sornnath Gosh Sailender Nath Devi Cher Chand Gurrnukar Monsa Haitui
3 Suresh Prasad Gond I Moti Prasad 1 42 1 Male 4 1 Srinivai Sit / Easwar Bibinbihar sit 1 75 ( Male
8 Hari adam Malik 9 9 / Barul Biswas I Niban Biswas ( 40 ( Male I Seerarnpur
Karnal Gosh 1 22 Mansa Hatui 1 62
Uttar Pradesh ' Seerarnpur
Male Male
35 52 62 38
Male I Seerampur Female I Seerarnpur (Owner)
Seerampur (Owner) Seerampur (Owner)
10 11 12
Male Male Male Male
Seerarnpur Gorjpura Seerarnpur Seerarnpur
Manikurnar Biswas Moharnmad Mahfaj Moharnmad Pervez
Niban Biswas Mohammed Islam Mohammed Islam
22 22 28
Male Male Male
Seerarnpur Seerampur Seerarnpur
List of Rag Pickers at Dhapa Landfill site (12.4 ha)
1
3 1 Parimala Mondal / Laydown Bali Mondal I 60 1 Female 2 Sucket Mondal
Name
Budhisour Mondal
Khanneperia
11 I Astimoni Mondal ( Busi Mondal 1 19 12 1 Sumori Mondal 1 Monmouto Mondal 1 50
4 1 Sofi Mondal I laydown Tapan Mondal I 60 I Female Khanneperia
Female I Choinobee Female I Khanneperia
13 14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
FatherIHusband Name
Bachu Mondal
1 25 26
Souroporin Mondal Anima Mondal
Barastipati Mondal
Rina Momdal
Bharti Mondal
Fuli Mondal
Bohiny Mondal
Autri Mondal
Kalidasy Mondal
Paschim Sundar Mondal
Paschim 28 Muthan Mondal Khora Mondal 7 Female Khannaperia
30 Kalpana Mondir Sundari Mondir 40 Female Bainchtala 31 Shoba Mondal Ravi raam Mondal 32 Geetha mondal Kakit Mondal 45 Female Khanneperia
Age
26
23
24
Basinti Mondal Moni Cormorker
33 1 34
1 35
Badal Mondal Sounto Mondal
Anil Mondal
Budhanath Mondal
Soubal Mondal
Soubal Mondal
Susil Mondal I
Runcat Mondal
Supan Mondal
Sex
Male
Durga Mondal
Mana Mondal
Banomali monal Autocormoker
Sundar Baruli Suballa Mondal Nirnalla Mondal
Village Name
Makantala
35 40
40
40
50
25
45
54
30
Sundari Mondal
Joydeep Mondal I
60 10
Rabindriya Baruli Sundari Mondal
f l
Female Female
Female
Female
Female
Female
Female
Female
Female
Khanneperia Khanneperia Paschim Khannaperia Paschim Khannaperia Paschim Khannaperia Paschim Khannaperia Paschim Khannaperia Paschim Khannaperia Paschim Khannaperia Paschim
17
17
Female Female
35 30
..-
Khannaperia Choinobee
Female
Female
Female Female
Paschim Khannaperia Paschim Khannaperia Paschim
Khanneperia Choinobee
( 36 1 Mantu Mondal ( Rinka mondal 1 20 1 Female 1 Choinobee I 37 Dalli Mondal
' d o d o Mondal I Susant Mondal 1 30 ( Female I Choinobee / Sumbhou Mondal 1 60 1 Female 1 Khanneperia
39 40 41 42 43 44
70 71 72 73
Seetha Mondal Papali Mondal Joubana Porali Bishaka Mondal Aubari Monda Monmila Mondal
,
Aurmila Mondal Rabindra bori Bhounji Mondal ShumdhaNaskar
' 77 78 79 80
I 81 82
83
Subhas monda Govinda Mondal Gunda Porali Satananda Mundal Sapon Mondal Modha Mondal
74 75 76
Tipa Mondal Bid hadhar bori Sumo Mondal ----- s v
Shova Roy Gosh Nickey Josi Roy gosh Backey Dass lndrjeet Mondal Mangal Mondal Sibani Mondal
20 30 30 35 10 50
Aumash Roy Gosh Samu Mondal Gobind dass
32 56 24
Aumash Ray Goss Aumash Ray Goss Aumash Ray Goss
Female Female Female Female Female Female
Ruplal Ray Gosh Ponan Mondal Hanant Dass
Khanneperia Khanneperia Khanneperia Khanneperia Khanneperia Goura Mora .
Female ( Khanneperia
Babula Dass Anil Mondal Jhour Mandal 10 Male Khanneperia Kisto Mundal 30 Female Bainchtala
40 5 7
Male Male
45 50 90
Choinobee Khanneperia
Female Potha ES
Male Male Male
Female Female
Uc Po Khanneperia
Potha ES Potha ES
) 1 84 Noniballa Mondal
1 87 1 Manju Sordha 1 Jodyb Sordhar ( 40 1 Female / Aripotha
85 1 Durga Mondal I Sansi Mundal 86 1 Rekha Naskar I Suboth Nasker
1 90 1 Sawarti Mundal I Gopal Mondal ( 40 ( Female I Choubagga 1
40 40
88 1 Rina Mondal 89 1 Davi Mundal
Female Durgapur Female I Aripotha
Bhasker Mulack 1 30 Shanka Mundal 1 30
91 1 Chaya Mundal ( Modhan Mundal I 45 ( Female 92 ( Shankaryi Bhornourg ( Rotchi Concorbhoonary 1 50 I Female
Choubagga Choubagga
93 94 95
1 98 1 Sobita Mondir I Samoul Mondir 1 20 1 Female ( Khanneperia 1
Female Female
96 Jamani Mundal 9 97 1 Metali Mondir ( Mori Mondir
Bainchtala Bainchtala
Santo Babiry Suckli Porawani Poli Mundal
35 1 Female
99 1 Choto Dass I Mogia Dass 1 16 100 1 Ganga Mundal ( Gana Mundal 1 15
Subish Bobiry Sawdippe Perawani Bhomon Mundal
Khanneperia
Male I Matpukur Female I Durgapur
101 102 103
106 Ariti Bawani Dallan Bawari 30 Female Dhapa Matpukur 107 Jhanu Bawari Subhas Bawari 40 Female Dhapa Matpukur 108 Roti Bawari
' 104 1 Anita Biswass I Rangit Biswass 1 30 105 1 Shankiry Bag / Sittal Bag ( 25
17 40 30
Ghuma Mundal Biswageet Mundal Anima Mundal
Female Female
109
11 1
Female Female Female
Sanjoy Mundal Sanjoy Mundal Torini Mundal
Durgapur Matpukur
1 12 1 13 1 14 1 15 1 16
Matpukur Bawantalla Khanneperia
Anima Mundal --
Ghani Mundal
30 10 30
Mana Mundal Anjana Bawari Rama Bawari Kadirini Mundal Sumitra Pip
Lakhan Mundal p
Lakhan Mundal
Female Female Female
Toni Mundal Ram Bawari Saru Bawari Sona Mundal Dillep Pip
Durgapur Durgapur choinobae
15 50 25 30 35 17
Female
9 Dhapa Matpukur
Female Female Female Female Female
Dhapa Matpukur DhapaMatpukur Dhapa Matpukur Durgapur Khanneperia
1 134 1 Anima Sardar I Odio Sardar 1 22 1 Female choinobae 135 1 Dillep Sardar I Nera Sardaw 1 26 1 Male 1 Durgapur
132 133
) 139 1 Harran Mundal I Pocha Mundal 1 25 1 Male / Dhapa M a w u r 1 140 1 Sam Sunder Saw ( Sana la1 Saw 1 50 1 Female I Raja ghat
Parawarinak Memock Sarkar Minioti Sardar
136 137 138
Mantriry Sarkar
149 Mena Mundal Bibas Mundal 26 Female Khanneperia
151 Dipwaley Bawarey Gokul Bawarey 152 Susari Bawarey Thulsi Bawarey 35 Female Kachari Para 153 Aubola Bawarey Piraury Bawarey 40 Female Kachari Para 154 Basudav Bawarey 30 Male Kachari Para pp
155 Paritima Sie Rausa Siey 40 Female Raja ghat -la1 lswar Munmato 50 Male Bainchtala
Gour Sardas
I
40 --- Female
Kumpa Mundal Dejoni Dass Dhauth Kumar Hallar
' 141 1 142
143 144 145 146
157 Urimmala Mundal Bi'o Mundal +*G~ h i
1 25 1 Female ( Khanneperia 158 Subratara Magghi
Khannaperia choinobae
Dhaukha Mundal Hamont Dass Geswar Bommo Hallar
Bharipati Dass Ghauma Mundal Rani Bag Pupati Mahoto Jharma Mahoto Jhori Moundal
1 161 1 Sappali Dass I Nirmal Dass ( 30 / Female I Dhapa Matpukur 1 159 160
30 30 25
Kirtak Dass Mundal Haran Mundal Manick Bag Gagu Mahoto Depak Mahato Ganesh Mundal
Kouncalla Mundal Polidass
1 162 1 163
Female Female Male
25 30 40 16 25 30
Nawaran Mundal 1 40 1 Female Raja ghat Khoukan Dass 1 30 1 Female 1 Raja ghat
1 164 165 166
Bainchtala Ucchepota Sonalakrri
Sima Bawarey Assa Bhaungar
1 167 1 168
Female Female Female Female Female Female
Vimal Bawarey 1 20 1 Female ( Dhapa Matpukur Gana Bhaungar 1 14 1 Female I Dhapa Matpukur
Sarsauti Bhaungar Minauti Mundal Palani Hallthai
_ Durga Mundal / Bhola Mundal 1 25 1 Female Kispoti Poral 1 ~ o n o oral
1 169 1 170
1 Lachan Bawarey 1 30 1 Female I Dhapa Matpukur 1 Sista Bawarey 1 56 1 Female Dhapa Matpukur
Gana Bhaungar Lakhai Mundal Amkigano Hallthai 35 Female C h o w b ~
Sundal Peral I Mono Poral ) 40 1 Female I Khanneperia Nirmal Dass ( Gungala Chonodass 1 27 1 Male ) Dhapa Matpukur
171 172 I-
Dhapa Matpukur
Sima Tabawarey 1 Daviu Tabowarey Ausa Bhati I Shatish Bhati
Dhapa Matpukur Khanneperia Khanneperia Khanneperia D h a ~ a Mat~ukur ,
Dav Rani Bhiunghia hia
Lakhan Bhiunghia Bigen Bhiunghia Bigen Bhiunghia Ahogar Bawarey
177 - 178
R a ] u Bhiunghia Hockey Bawarey
25 30 13 30
Female 1 Female I Female Female
Dhapa Matpukur Dhapa Matpukur Dhapa Matpukur Dhapa Matpukur 1
181 182
Female Female
179 180
Jashana Bhiunghira ( Mouto Bhiunghira ( 15 ( Female I Dhapa Matpukur Sumitra Devi / Prakash Singh 1 22 1 Female / Dhapa Matpukur
183 184 185
Rocheke Bawarey Madhu Bawarey
Dhapa Matpukur Dhapa Matpukur
Mira Bawarey Kauran Bawarey
186 187
10 11
Moina Bawarey Santi Parwaney Rakha Bawarey
188 189 190
Anita Bhiungia I Nawaran Bhiungia 1 18 Kalidass Mundal I Moti Ram Mundal 1 70
1 191 192 193
Raju Bawarey Modi Parawaney Shoukth Bawarey
Female I Dhapa Matpukur Female ( Khanneperia
Ariti Bhiungia Aari Bawarey Rauma Mundal
194 195
( Kacho Poral 1 209 / Birispoti Pora ( 40 1 Female / Khanneperia I
Gauri Mundal Bishikey Mundal Mala Sardas
Rena Mundal ( Neronto Mundal 1 30 1 Female 1 Para I
Madhu Hathi I Kubi Hathi 1 45 ( Female I Aripotha
207 / Kalpana Goldarr I Amarchondo Goldhar 1 35 1 Female 208 1 Goundery Halldar I Sisir Haldar I 40 ( Female
49 20
Gau Ram Bhiungia Nifa Bawarey Joydav Mundal
Chow baga I
Coular Khall
Hairy Mundal Kali Pade Mundal Dasu Sardas
210 Arochi Mondal Bhagawan Mundal 50 Female Khanneperia
Female Female
40 30 38
212 213 21 4 21 5 21 6 217 21 8
Khanneperia Dhapa Matpukur Dhapa Matpukur
25 18 45
222 / Bistnti Pick ( Soumal Pick 1 50 223 1 Abir Palla Dolloi 1 lswar Just Patho Dolloi 30
Female Female Female
Bhoogu Mundal Munsa Mali Kanan Porawaney Mongala Porawaney Janinti Mundal Chandini Munda Sumitra Porawaney
224 225 226
Khanneperia Dhapa Matpukur Khanneperia
Female Female Female
Female Female
Khanneperia Khanneperia Aripotha H arg -1
Lakhan Mundal Kishano Mali Given Parwaney Given Parwaney Millan Mundal Bolo Munda Babulo Parwaney
Chow baga Chow baga
Bhasakhi Mundal ' Nawaran Mundal
5 16 40 18 18 35 30
19 19 13
Poli Porawanik Devi Munda
Pola Porowanik Chanko Munda
Male Female Female Female Female Female Female
Female Female Female
choinobae Bainchtala Aripotha Aripotha Khanneperia Khanneperia Khanneperia
Khanneperia Khanneperia Khanneperia
232 Dippad Mundal 35 Female Khanneperia
-
( 234 1 Phanchi Mundal I Kala Chal Mundal; 1 40 1 Female 1 ~ h a n n e ~ e r i a
227 228 229 230 231
Parow Munda Angali Munda Bhiraspoli Mundal Paravati Sha Lhokey Mundal
Chanko Munda Nemi Mundal Shoupan Mundal Gopal Sha Navin Mundal
235 1 Torouprawani I Glock Prowani 236 ( Rangana Mundal ( Mahadav Mundal
240 ( Sasurati Pora Waney / Kokhan Porawaney / 90 1 Female / Ucchepota 241 1 Sudha Khorey I Ganash Khorey / 30 ( Female I Bainchtala
35 13 15 35 35
1 237 238
1 239
40 20
Female Female Female Female Male
Devi Mundal Kisto money mundal
, Gitta Das
1
1
I
1
1
1
Khanneperia Khanneperia Khanneperia Raja ghat Khanneperia
Female Female
1
Khanneperia Khanneperia
Nawan Mundal Chasa Mundal
263 Jhori Kori I 264 Nandorani Magghi lswar Robin Magghi 30 Female Khanneperia
265 Kama Mundal Shankar Mundal
242 243 244
245 246 247 248 249 250 251 252 253 254 255 256 257 - 258 1 259
260 261
271 272 273
267 268 269 270
Mawrandass 35 Female Khannaperia
15 30
.Ihaurarrou Konsula Narrou Audito Mundal Chickun Balla Mundal Nitti Mundal Mina Mundal Jarrani Mundal Poskari Mundal
- Joglo Mundal Dassi Mundir Prowmilla Mundal Shavi Mundal Bikash Mundal Birispiti Mundal Nerapa Mundal Palani Mundal
a i r v Mundal Diva Mundal Chavi Mundal Samouli Poral
Shanker Mundal Phiker Mundal 25 Male Bainchtala Raup Barri Mundal Shoumvo Mundal Sussan Mundal Shapan Mundal 2 7 Male Khanneperia Lokhey Mundal Shanti Mundal I 12 Female choinobae Nistani Mundal I Shamvou Mundal 1
Female Female
Bunkun Narrou Pancha Narrou 1 Harda Prasad Mundal
Auvisto Mundal Kani Mundal ) Forrowal Mundal 1 Forrowal Mundal Kouro Mundal Naga Mundal 1 Jadavi Mundir Shamvou Nath Mundal 1 Kirtik Mundal Kirtik Mundal A Nando Mundal 1 Shan Mundal Vijoy Mundal Jhoudo Mundal 1 Jadav Mundal 1
Gopal Mundal Chandi Poral
12 NarruMundal Tulsi Mundal
Khanneperia Bainchtala
Shapan Mundal Shamvou Mundal
30 40 65
50 25 35 10 19 20 40 35 30 9
30 18 60 10 19 30
14 Female Bainchtala
Female choinobae
Female Female Female
Female Male Female Female Female Female Female Female Female Male Female Female Female Female Female Female
Bainchtala Chow baga Bainchtia
Bainchtala Khanneperia Khanneperia Khanneperia Khanneperia Khanneperia - Khanneperia Hal Ghata Khanneperia Khanneperia Khanneperia Khanneperia Khanneperia Khanneperia Khanneperia choinobae
288 1 Chumki Mundal 1 Agit Mundal 1 12 1 Female I Khanneperia 289 1 Sonali Mandir I Mator Mandir I 9 1 Female I Khanneperia 290 1 Ansubali Mundal / Gagan Mundel 1 10 ( Female I Khanneperia
294 1 Maliti Mundal / Susant Mondal 1 25 ( Female I Khanneperia 295 1 Santana Mundal I Habul Mundal 1 12 1 Female / Khanneperia
291 292 293
Poso Mundal Aupa Mundal Aupka Mundal
305 306
1 307 308
' 309
Avden Mundal Jaldhar Mundal Agit Mundal
Pachi Matho Minu Mundal Chiya Mundal Lhoki Dotri
312 313 31 4 31 5 316
31 0 Airoti Bhiula Gou rango Bhiuia 30 Female Khanneperia Kishana Mundal
30 10 45
Mania Matho Biswanath Mundal Nocaki Mundal Jadv Ddi
llla Mundal Chandan Dass Tumpa Parwaney Nockey Mundal Rupa Mundal
Neti Mundal
318 31 9 320
321
Female Female Female
28 30 35 24
Ammergeet Mundal Kishana Dass Madhop Pauasiey Sasu Mundal Habboul Mundal
Khanneperia Khanneperia J Khanneperia
45
Pachi Bhiyua Sumi Mundal Chandana Dass Narender Rani Mundal
Female Female Female Female
13 30 40 30 35
Khanneperia Khanneperia Khanneperia Khanneperia
Female
Ramu Bhiyua Ganesh Mundal Ganesh Mundal
Santa Ram Mundal
Khanneperia
Male Female Female Female Female
Bainchtala Dhapa Matpukur Khanneperia Khanneperia Khanneperia
35 10 40
40
Female Female Female
Female
Dhapa Matpukur Khanneperia Khanneperia
Khanneperia
27 Female Anantamal
40 Female Khanneperia 14 Male Dhapa Matpukur 14 Male I Khanneperia 35 Female Durgasan Para 25 Female Khanneperia
, ----- 323 Mila Sardar Agit Sardas Davei Dass Sunil Mundal
1
326 327 328 329
333 1 Pinki Mundal / Jaganan Mundal 1 10 I 334 1 Munsa Back I Goldal Back 1 8
) 340 / Davdassi Mundal I Banko Mundal / 35 / Female I Khanneperia 1 341 1 Folilan Mundal I Kena Mundal 1 50 1 Female I Khanneperia
330 331 332
335 336 337 338 339
Shanjoy Dass Thufan Munda Lakhey Mundal Alaka Mundal
Female Female
Khoogan Dass Kisno Munda Gogi Moundal Asto Mundal
Astomundal Angiley Mundal Kockis Mundal
Khanneperia Khanneperia
Bapi Mundal Chappa Mundal Mina Mundal Khougo Kholo Nenty Bose
1
I 362 1 Gaudi Mundal I Narrow Mundal 1 10 1 Female I Khanneperia 363 1 Pinki Mundal I Bhouder Mundal 1 9 1 Female I~hanneperla
Morisida Mundal Jadav Mundal Babute Mundal
I 348 1 349
350 1 351
364 1 Babia Bak / Agit Bak 1 11 I Male ( Khanneperia 1 365 1 Kishan Mundal 1 Gandhi Mundal / 14 1 Female ) Choinobae
Bisiwanath Mundal ----- Gagnana Mundal Kina Ram Mundal Ashok Khalo
1 Saubi Bose
342 343 344 345 346 347
366 1 Garati Mundal I Dillep Mundal / 25 / Female Aripotha I
367 / Mindira Mundal / Susan Mundal 1 30 1 Female / Aripotha 1
25 Female Kollipara Halgha 40 Female Khanneperia 35 Female Khanneperia
Semoti Poral Manaka Mundal Mansa Mundal Kalu Mundal
368 1 Davi Sardar I Narender Sardas ( 30 ( Female I Khanneperia 369 1 Molina Mundal I Gobind Mundal 1 40 1 Female Khanneperia
Bouno Mundal Tapasi Mundal Alam vir Mundal Purinima Mundal Austimi Mundal Touki Mundal
,
Dhananjay Poral Gopal Mundal Seram Mundal Seram Mundal
Sanasi Mundal Siciram Mundal Basa Mundal Soukumar Mundal Kango Mundal Kirtik Mundal
352 Telocka Mundal Duralav Mundal 353 Loukhey Mundal Dillep Mundal 354 Tumpa Mundal Dillep Mundal 19 Female , Khanneperia 355 Dippili Mundal Gogu Mundal 35 Female Khanneperia 356 Dippa Mundal Gour Mundal 1 16 Female Khanneperia
25 12 12 5
357 358 359 360 361
40 30 17 30 50 25
Female Female Female Male
Boulo Poral Poutou Mundal Alokesij Mundal Amala Mundal Gula Mundal
Male ' Khanneperia
Khanneperia Kollipara Halgha Kollipara Halgha Kollipara Halgha
Female Male Female Female Female
Gagat Poral 1 Ashok Mundal Nemi Mundal ----- Garahi Mundal I
Ashok Mundal
Khanneperia Dhapa Matpukur Khanneperia Bainchtala Khanneperia
26 24 30 35 40
Female Female Female Female Female
choinobae Khanneperia Khanneperia Dhapa Matpukur Khanneperia
372 Shabana Mundal 373 1 Sibbita Mundal I Bapi Mundal 1 27 1 Female / Choinobae
370 - 371 35
374 375 376
Monsa Mundal Monosa Mundal
1 377 1 Suma Mundal I Narrow Mundal 378 1 Sunita Mundas
I
1 Narash Mundal
26 Female Khanneperia
Female 0
Septomundal
Polas Khalo Sugata Mandir Fuli Mundal
379 380 381
Khanneperia
35 1 Female 5 ( Female
Ashok Khalo Ganod Mundir 0
Khanneperia Khanneperia
Birispiti Mundas Bausona Mundal Dippa Mundal
384 Nimita Mundal Saugo Mundal 14 Female Khanneperia 385 Sima Mundul Saugo Mundal 25 Female Khanneperia 386 Shumvkar Mundal Badal Mundal 30 Male Khanneperia 387 Divika Mundal Ram Prasad Mundal 28 Female Khanneperia
389 390 391
412 Sabi Mondal Tugiram Mondal 25 Female Khanneperia Melu Mondal 35 Female Khanneperia
415 Baban Malik Binde Malik 15 Male Khanneperia
15 20
Narash Mundal Narash Mundal Bolli Mundal
416
Mina Mundal Mori Porowanik Juhama Bori
Female Female
35 8
12
Kadam Mundal
Khanneperia Khanneperia
Bhola Mundal Joji Poro Wanik Rangit Bori
Female Female Female
41 7 Jothi Mondal
Khanneperia Khanneperia Khanneperia
11 25 9
Bisbati Mondal Loki Kanth Mondal 25
Female Female Female
60
Khanneperia Khanneperia Choinobae
Female Khanneperia Female Khanneperia
418 419
428 Rupa Mundal Rakesh Mondal 429 Nalu Haidar Ashok Haidar
Dhapa Landfill site (8.2 ha) 1 I Jholu Basu / Bablu Basu 1 24 1 Female I Nudinpara
420 421 422 423 424 425 426
Savitri Mondal Subarna Mondal
427 Monisha Mondal
Babbi Mondal Bola Mondal Deepa Mondal Meenu Mondal Sheela Mondal Baleha Mondal Boloram Mondal
2 3 4 5 6
1 45 1 Male Dhapa Matpukur I lswar Nita Mondal ) Anil Mondal 1 45 1 Female I Dhapa Matpukur
Karthik Mondal Kali Mondal
25 20
7 8 9
10 11 12 13 14 15 16
Nimai Mondal Gokul Mondal Vasudev Mondal Dharng Mondal
Haraiso Mondal Poncha Mondal
Suraj Harra Sarsuli Das Santosh Bubari Arjun Show Sas Jun Show
Female Female
Pholam Das Kuru Basu Mondal Panchi Chakraborty Mamti Tati Meernath Tapan Mondal Kanu Balu Mondal Abira Manda Bawani Bawari Monu Mondal
19 20 21 22 23 24 25
Khanneperia Durgapur
22 27 15 35 35 15 18
Punchu Harra Sumpu Das Lead Gbolto Kisori Show Kisori Show
26 27 28 29 30 31
1 - 34 ( Lili Matali ( Tapan Atreti 1 25 ( Female / Dhapa Matpukur
Biran Das Shuman Madnale Hari Padu Utterm Nandu Bhiya Funi Mandal Mahanto Mondal Geur Mondal Santosh Bewari
]a
32 33
Male Male Female Female Female Female Male
12 24 40 25 15
Sanker Mondal 1 Tarapatlu Mondal
Kumigdher Halder I Subas Haldar 1 55 1 Female 1 Kachari Para moharam Mondal I Bhol Nath Mondal 1 50 1 Female Kachari Para I
Khanneperia Khanneperia Khanneperia Nudinpara Nudinpara Durgapur Khanneperia
24 55 40 12 10 21 35 35 30
30 40 30 30 35 39 50
Safal Mondal 1 Kajal Das Pudu Rai 1 Push pa Mandal Kajal Mondal Menuto Sasdev Barna Bewari ( Vicky Bawri
Male Female Male Male Male
Ajit Mondal Sujit Das Dilip Rai Nirmal Mondal Gopal Mandal Mahan Sardat
45 45 38 25 30 40
Biswanath Rila Banwari Saraswati Mondal Assi Mondal Pallu Doli
Nudinpara Kachari Para Kachari Para Kac nudinpara
Female Female Female Female Male Male Female Female Female
Male Male Female Female Female Female Female
Depu Bawari Aasit Bawari Santhour Mondal Kuti Puddu Hari Duli
Bawan Hata Nudinpara Kutipara Dhapa Matpukur Bainchtala Hat Gakha para Hat Gakha Para Dhapa Matpukur Dhapa Hari para
Hari para
Dhapa Matpukur Dhapa Matp Nudinpara Nudinpara Thana Pati Pailen Para - Bainchtala
Female Male Female Female Female Female
Kachari Para Kachari Para Kachari Para Nudinpara Matpukur Nudinpara
( 41 / Jaydeep See ( Ajit See / 11 I Male ( Makantala
35 36 37 38 39 / Nelu Parani ( Sudan Parani 1 30 I Female 40 1 Basanti Mondal ( Topan Mandal I 25 1 Female
Kastik Mondal Kartik Mondal Mose Mondal Sudir
Uma Mandal Ranjit Mandal Sapan Mandal Dipak
Chow baga 1
Makantala
43 44 45 46
40 12 12 30
47 Sahitiri Suresh Rai 12 Female Makantala 48 Julean Sardar Lakhai Sarder
Biswajit Wak Madhu See Sapna Mondal Mena Mondal
49 50 51 52 ( Arti Arch I Sukumar Arch ( 30 53 ( Ranjit Bawari / Tilika Bawari 1 16
Female Male Male Male
54 55 56
Kachari Para Kachari Para Makantala Sai Tala Sonarpat
Bikash Work Ted Bipat See More Mondal Hablu Mondal
Sudhana Rai Sapna Khaya Juma Khaya
Female Male
57 1 Manic Naskar I Phani Busan Nastiar 58 1 Bhola Aich I Sukumar Aich
62 / Madu Show ( Phool Chand Boido / 15 1 Male ( Matpukur I 1 Babulu Gosh Nandu
Beliya Gata Matpukur
Sumit Pathro ( Susanto Patharo
Akartik Mondal
59 60 61
16 13 11 11
Suresh Rai Tapan Khaya Tapan Khaya
28 10
Ted Guru Patharo Atul Pathro Kari Mondal
Male I Matpukur Male ( Matpukur
Debola Singh Piriya Mondal Jolki Boido
Male Male Female Female
8 11 14
Makantala Makantala Makantala 1 Makantala
21 17 23
Taran Singh Pasodip Mondal Phool Chand Boido
Female Female Female
Makantala Makantala Makantala
Male Male Male
30 25 40
Matpukur Matpukur
pp
Matpukur
Female Female Female
Makantala choinabae choinabae
138 139
1 143 ( Urrnila Pavuri I Balai Bavuri 1 50 1 Female I Kachari Para 144 1 Anirna Mondal ( Judish Mondal 1 30 ( Female ( Jor pada
140 141 142
Dasi Porornani I Suni Porornani Loki Mondal 9
147 Gopal Malaka Sushil Malaka 25 Male Matpukur
149 Sharnbhu Shan Sam Ramchandar Shaw 55 Male Matpukur
45 1 Female ( Chow baga
Kanai Sardar Sarnbari Monsal Pakash Ghosh
145 / Saku Mondul 146 ( Lokia Puini
Mohanta Sardar Aaran Mondul Badal Ghosh
Madan Mondal Binda Paini I
I 150 1 Kalyani Kararn I Joytap Karani 151 1 Gunia Karumi / Kushal Karami
I 152 153 154
35 35 27
35 60
35 30
155 ( Pothima Naskar I Noyan Naskar 156 1 Bhavani Saskar ( Sudershan Sardar
Rodhika Saskar Saya Korarni Sivli Korami 1
Male Female Male
Female Female
Female Female
17 1 Female 35 ( Female
Chokalar Tal Kachari Para Matpukur
Jor pada Matpukur
Bainchtala Bainchtala
Karthi K Sardar Sadep Karurni Sadep Karurni
Bainchtala Durgapur
35 35 17
Female Female Female
Bainchtala Bainchtala Bainchtala
190 Mindira Boieto - Popoulo Boieto 14 I 191 Sampa Shardha Samoul Sardar 25
192 Pirotim Shardar Koilace Shardar 40 193 JoJojou Halti 35 (1
Annex 8.1
Consultation Minutes
(Andhra Pradesh)
Minuets of the Public Consultation held on 19.01.2009 at 4.00P.M at Ward Ofice
Chinnachowk, Kadapa in connection with the improved implementation of Municipal
Solid Waste Management by closing and containment of Kadapa Municipal Solid Waste
dump site at Ukkayapalli Village, Municipal Corporation, Kadapa.
The public representatives, Government officials and the public attended the public
consultation is annexed
At the outset, the Municipal Commissioner, Kadapa Municipal Corporation welcomed the
public gathering of the public consultation and informed that the Kadapa Municipal
Corporation had been dumping the Municipal Solid Waste in the dump site located at
Ukkayapalli for the past 25 years which is causing pollution problems to the near by public as
the habitation is developed nearer to the existing dump site and requested Senior
Environmental Engineer, APPCB, to explain about the details of the project proposed to be
taken up for implementation of solid waste management by closing and containment of
Ukkayapalli Municipal solid waste dump site.
Senior Environmental Engineer, APPCB, Hyderabad has welcomed the gathering of the
public consultation and presented the following to the public;
Municipal Corporation, Kadapa (Formerly Kadapa Municipality) had been dumping the
municipal solid waste for the past 25 years in an unscientific way at Ukkayapalli dump site
posing pollution problems and causing health hazards to the nearby public. The World Bank
has taken up capacity building for industrial pollution management (CBIPM) project under
which closure and containment of Kadapa Municipal Solid waste site was proposed with the
aim to reduce the risks from contamination and exposure to health hazards and providing
improved air quality and ambient environment for the communities near the dump site. The
public consultation is the statutory requirement to take suggestions, views, objections etc.
from the public. The Senior Environmental Engineer requested the public to express their
opinion on this project.
The Mayor, Municipal Corporation, Kadapa informed that the corporation had been dumping
the municipal solid waste in the Ukkayapalli dumpsite for the past 25 years, not only causing
the pollution problems and also hampered the developmental programmes in this area. He
also informed that in view of the many complaints received from the public on the pollution
problems due to the dumpsite, he has brought to the notice of the Govt. of Andhra Pradesh
several times for shifting of the dump yard to an alternate site faraway from the Kadapa town.
In this regard he expressed his happiness over the Government's decision for remediation of
the present Ukkayapalli dumpsite.
Sri Balakondaiah, Corporator, 31d Division, Municipal Corporation, Kadapa, has supported
the Project initiated by the Government and requested to take up the project at the earliest as
the nearby public had been facing the pollution problem for the past several years.
Sri Srinivasulu, Corporator, 2nd Division, Municipal Corporation, Kadapa, has expressed his
total support for the Project and wished that the project is implemented and completed at the
earliest.
Sri B.P. Pullaih, R/O 5 I h Division, Municipal Corporation, Kadapa, has opined the same and
requested the concerned official to take up the project immediately.
Sri Malla Reddy R/O Kondayapalli and Sri Mallikarjuna R/O Ukkayapalli have expressed
their happiness that the surrounding land cost will increase once the existing dump site is
remediated.
Dr.Sherif, Medical Officer (Retd.), R/O Chinna Chowk has appreciated for taking up the
proposed project, which will protects public health as many people were suffering from
diseases, such as Malaria, Typhoid, etc
Sri S. Mohiddin Sahib Ex. Municipal vice Chairman, Kadapa, has welcomed the project as
the pollution problems faced by the near by villages (Ukkayapalli, Vidyut nagar, Chinna
Chowk etc.) will be redressed and requested the government to acquire more land for
scientific land f i l l and it should be located at least 10 km away from the Kadapa town to
cater the municipal solid waste disposal needs.
Smt Chenna Kesavamma, R/O of Kadapa and Smt. Vani R/O Dandora Colony, Kadapa has
expressed their whole hearted support to the proposed project as near by residents would have
pollution free environment.
Smt, Pyari , Smt. Hussainbi and Sri Prasad RIO Ukkayaopalli whole heartedly supported the
proposed project as they are the affected persons due to pollution who are residing nearer
the existing dumping site.
Shri. Venkatakondappa IUO Vidyut Nagar has welcomed the proposed project and requested
the Government not to permit any industrial establishment in the remediated dump site.
Sri N.V. Ramana Reddy, Sanitary inspector and Sri. Eswaraiah, Mastri of Kadapa Municipal
Corporation expressed their happiness about the proposed project as the public opinion is
unanimous in favour of implementation of project.
The Municipal Health Officer, Kadapa Municipal Corporation has explained that no
requirement of rehabilitation1 resettlement is involved in the implementation of proposed
project as the municipal corporation is owning the total area of existing dumpsite.
Finally the Senior Environmental Engineer, APPCB, Hyderabad summed up the proceedings
of the public consultation on proposed project i.e. improved implementation of municipal
solid waste management by closing and containment of municipal solid waste dump site at
Lrkkayapalli, Kadapa and concluded that the public opinion is unanimous towards
implementation of the proposed project.
Sd/- Sdl- Sdl-
Environmental Engineer Senior Environmental Engineer Commissioner APPCB, Regional Office, APPCB, Head Office Municipal Corporation
Tirupathi Hyderabad Kadapa
PROPOSED PILOT PROJECT OF REMEDIATION OF NOOR MOHD
0 AT 2:00 PM AT COLLEGE AUDITORIUM. COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE,
ACHARYA N.G. RANGA AGRICULTURE UNIVERSITY CAMPUS,
WENDRANAGAR, RANGAREDDY DISTRICT.
The followinq diqnitaries were present on the dias:
Dr. B Bucha Reddy, Assoc. Dean, College of Agrl., Rajendranagar, Hyderabad
Dr. G Swarajya Lakshmi, Professor & Head, Dept. of Environment & Science, College of Agrl., Rajendranagar, Hyderabad
Sri. A. Surender Raj, Joint Chief Environmental Engineer, A.P. Pollution Control Board, Zonal Office, Nampally, Hyderabad
The followinq officials from A.P. Pollution Control Board have attended the meetina:
Sri. M. Rajashekar, Environmental Engineer, A.P. Pollution Control Board, Regional Office - I, Rangareddy District.
Sri T. Rajender Reddy, Senior Environmental Engineer, A.P. Pollution Control Board, Head Office, Sanathnagar, Hydera bad
Sri. C.Y. IVagesh, Environmental Engineer, A.P. Pollution Control Board, Head Office, Sanathnagar, Hydera bad
Sri G Srivatsav, Asst. Environmental Engineer, A.P. Pollution Control Board, Regional Office - I, Rangareddy District.
Smt. R.Lavanya, Asst. Environmental Engineer, A.P. Pollution Control Board, Regional Office - I, Ranga reddy District.
Ms. A Sujala, Asst. Environmental Engineer, A.P. Pollution Control Board, Regional Office - I, Rangareddy District.
Sri. G. Narasimhulu, Analyst Gr-11, A.P. Pollution Control Board, Regional Office - I, Rangareddy District.
At the outset the Environmental Engineer, A.P. Pollution Control Board, Regional
Office - I, Rangareddy District welcomed the public representatives, Government
officials and the public gathered at the venue for the hearing. He informed that, the
Board is conducting the public consultation meeting on the Remediation of Noor.
Mohd. Kunta. Persons from the surrounding places, industrial representatives from
kattedan attended the meeting. About 100 persons with a cross section of govt.
officials, public representatives, media, industry, villagers etc. were present. The
gathering was informed that, no permissions will be accorded to the project after the
public consultation meeting. The views, suggestions and objections that is raisedl
given by the representatives will be incorporated in the minutes and the same will be
sent to World Bank1 MoEF, Go1 for further processing. He requested the Joint Chief
Environmental Engineer to preside over this public consultation meeting and continue
the proceedings.
The Joint Chief Environmental Engineer, while welcoming the people gathered
explained about the objectives of conducting the Public consultation meeting. He
informed that, the total area of Kunta is 7.6 hectars of area with a catchment of 178
hectars. At present the catchment area is occupied by Industrial Estate & Residential
pockets. There are two feeder channels that lead to the Kunta. They are from
Industrial Estate and from Netaji nagar residential areas. The discharge flows from
Kunta through NGR Agriculture University Campus (one KM) and flow for a short
distance and joins the Chilan Lake. The overflow from Chilan Lake joins
Shivrampally tank & Voora Cheruvu and finally joins Mir-Alam Tank. The Supreme
Court Monitoring Committee in October 2004, directed the APPCB to submit a time-
bound action plan for rehabilitation of the Kunta as well as closure of hazardous waste
generating industries. Subsequently, The Andhra Pradesh Pollution Control Board has
issued Closure orders to number of polluting industries in this area to control pollution
of Kunta due to industrial discharge. Persently the main source of pollution to the
Kunta is domestic sewage of the surrounding settlement area. HUDA has established a
STP and been commissioned. A study was conducted on Kunta by Wilbur Smith
Associates in March 2006. As per their report, the values of lead and chromium are
very high in the sediments of the Lake. The World Bank team visited Noor
Mohammad Kunta to takeup remediation under Capacity Building for Industrial
Pollution Management Project (CBIPM). Under this, 85% of the Project cost will be
funded by World Bank and the State Government share is 15%. The duration period is
about five years and the expected project cost is 148.00 crores.
He requested the project proponents to explain the project proposals in detail and
Environmental & Social issues associated with the project.
Dr. N Karunakaran, the Project's consultants of Ws. 1.C.T Pvt. Ltd explained the
pollution control measures to be taken up and on Environmental Impact Assessment
of the proposed project of Remediation of Noor Mohd. Kunta. He explained about the
proposed project.
REMEDIATION OF NOOR. MOHD. KUNTA
He informed that, the total area of the Noor Mohd. Kunta is about 13.6 hectares.
Presently, it consists of 7.6 hectares. The main aim of the project is to convert the lake
into recreational area. For that, the existing sludge in the lake will be removed and
sent to TSDF for disposal & all the water will be treated by using Effluent Treatment
Plant. As per the reports of Pollution Control Board & NGRI, the sludge in the lake
contains about 10-40% more than heavy metals. The project consists of the following
stages:
Arrest the industrial water
Pump the surface water
Removal of soil
Covert into recreational area
He informed that, the machinery will be operated at the site only and the same will be
monitored by the Pollution Control Board. He also informed that, the operation of the
machinery will be stopped during the period of public worship to avoid inconvenience
of the people in Temple and Mosque etc. Further, he informed that, all the activities
will be done as per the Rules of MoEF & World Bank.
Public Response in the Consultation Meeting:-
Dr. B Bucha Reddy, Assoc. Dean, College of Agriculture, Rajendranagar,
Hyderabad while addressing informed that the Pollution Control Board is conducting
the public consultation meeting and requested the gathering to express their views /
opinions. While welcoming the project of remediation of Noor Mohd Kunta he
informed that such projects are indeed needed for ecological balance. He told that, the
University Research Forms' soil and two more lakes are also polluted in this area. He
also informed that, the lake is not going to be closed and given for any building
purposes. He also recommended for bio-remediation of the lake water as it is in acidic
nature and no one can drink the water even animals also.
Dr. G Swarajya Lakshrni, Professor & Head, Dept. of Environment & Science,
College of Agriculture, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad appreciated the proposed project
and it will be useful for the surrounding people in many respects. She also requested
the project proponent to include the remediation of soil of the lake as well as in
surrounding areas especially Agriculture University.
Dr. K Bala Swamy, told that, smell was there in the surrounding areas of the
lake. Proposed project is good and should be continued.
Sri. M. Govinda Reddy, told that, nurseries are also not coming in the
University area and smell is coming from the Noor. Mohd. Kunta. The Kotta cherevu
is also polluted and requested the proponent to include in the project for the
remediation of the same.
Dr. Subramanyam, told that, converting the lake into recreational place is not
enough and proposed plants in that area should be useful. He also proposed to built a
bio-diversity park.
The Environmental Engineer again requested the public to ask any queries with
regard to the coming project then the project authorities will respond for the same.
Prof. Jeevan Rao told that today is very important day and he was waiting for
this day for last few years. I gave the complaint about the lake earlier itself. Our
Research was stopped and shifted to other place as the lake was polluted. We are
thankful to Pollution Control Board for giving support to this type of project. He also
told that, as the part of the project, the surface water will be treated and the sediments
will be removed. In this area ground water, student farms, premajipet tank and bore
wells are also polluted. Once rain will come, then polluted water again will join into
the tank as the surrounding areas are also polluted.
Dr. N Karunakaran, the Project's consultants of M/s. 1.C.T Pvt. Ltd explained
that, it is not possible to extract all the ground water. Surface water and sludge will be
removed. Subsequently, the pollution of ground water will be decreased.
Prof. Jeevan Rao also asked that, any tank in the country was remediated by
this method.
The Project's Consultant informed that, this is the pilot project supported by
World Bank. Sri C Y Nagesh, Environmental Engineer of Pollution Control Board
answered that no lake was remediated by this method and this is the first one in the
country. If any one can give any changes, the same will be incorporated.
Sri, Vimlesh Gupta, Owner of one of the existing unit at Kattedan informed
that, the followed report is three years back one. Presently, many units were closed.
As on today, no units at Kattedan are consuming more quantity of water. Hence,
requested to make a provision for sewage water from the surrounding to the lake by
channelising..
The Project's Consultant answered that, industrial water and domestic water
collection is different. The sewage water is proposed to be treated in the existing
Sewage Treatment Plant.
Sri Sanjan Karodia, Owner of one of the existing unit at Kattedan, informed
that the wastewater coming from the industries also treated. The Consultant answered
that, quantification of water will be done at that stage.
Sri Rajesh Aganval, Owner of one of the existing unit at Kattedan, while
welcoming the project undertaken by the Government is appreciated and informed
that, already STP is existed in this area, there is need of ETP. In the ETP, the water
coming to the kunta and existing in the kunta has to be treated. No drainage system is
there in the Kattedan. No garbage dumping should be allowed near the lake. Solid
waste should be treated here only instead of sending to TSDF which is not
economically viable and requested the proponent to establish a system similar to the
TSDF to treat the waste in near vicinity of the site.
The Project's Consultant answered that, the solid waste in the kunta will be
sent to TSDF only for disposal. Fresh soil will be replaced in that place. Sri C Y
Nagesh, EE of APPCB also answered that, no industrial effluent will be discharged
outside the premises and no more water will be added to the kunta from the industries.
Sri T. Rajender Reddy, SEE of APPCB, told that, the details and benefits of the
project was already explained. Hence, the public can tell the view like whether they
are welcoming the project or not directly.
Prof. Jeevan Rao, welcomed this project and also told that, everybody wants
this type of project.
Dr. B Bucha Reddy, Assoc. Dean, College of Agrl., Rajendranagar asked that,
after remediation, the Kunta will be used as a storage tank or percolation tank. He also
requested to include the remediation of soil in the surrounding areas and treatment of
water in the surrounding lakes. He appreciated the efforts of State Govt. to give
support for the ecological balance as the remediation of existing lake.
The JCEE of APPCB concluded the meeting and informed that after
remediation, the kunta will be used as a percolation tank only. not as a storage tank.
He also informed that, there are two inlet channels are existed for the Noor Mhd.
Kunta.
The EE of APPCB thanked the public for attending the meeting and giving
their valuable suggestions.
The people who attended the public consultation stated that, they are
welcoming the project. But, they want to remediate the soil in the surrounding areas
and other lakes in that area, which were already polluted.
The Public Consultation meeting concluded with a positive note for remediation
of Noor Mohd. Kunta, Kattedan, Rangareddy District and the public was informed
that the suggestions made by them are recorded for perusal and necessary action.
Sd/- S dl-
ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEER, JOINT CHIEF ENVIRONMENTAL A.P. POLLUTION CONTROL BOARD, ENGINEER, A.P. POLLUTION REGIONAL OFFICE - I, CONTROL BOARD, ZONAL OFFICE, RANGAREDDY DISTRICT HYDERABAD
/ MINUTES OF THE PUBLIC CONSULTATION MEETING FOR THE
PROPOSED PZLOT PROJECT OF R E M E D I ~ ~ O N OF NOOR r40i-i~
KUNTA, KAlTEDAN, RANGAREDDY DISTRICT HELD ON 20-02-2009
AT 2:00 PM AT COLLEGE AUDITORIUM, COLLEGE 0 5 AGRICULTURE,
BCHARYA N.G. RANGA AGRICULTURE UNIYERSTCY CAMPUS,
W E N D U N A G A R , RANGAREDDY DISTRICT.
The foliowincr diqnitaries were present on the dias:
Dr. 0 B U C ~ Reddy, Assoc. Dean, College of Agrl., Rajendranagar, Hydera bad
Dr. G Swarajya Lakshmi, Professor & Head, Dept. of Environment & Science, Co!!ege c f Agr!., !?ajendr$nagar, Hydera bad
Sri. A. Surender Raj, Joint Chief Environmental Engineer, A.P. Pollution Control Board, Zonal Office, Nampally, Hyderabad
The followina officials from A.P. Pollution Control Eoard have attended the ~eet lna:
Sri. M. Rajashekar, Environmental Engineer, P..P. Pc!!ution Centre! Beard, Regicna! Office - 1, Rangareddy District.
Sri T. Rajender Reddy, Senior Environmentai Engineer, A.P. Pollution Control Board, Head Office, Sanathnagar, Hydera bad
Sri. C.Y. Nagesh, Environmental Engineer, P,.?. ?c ! !~ l t i ~n Ccztrc! Beard, Fead Office, Sanathr?agar, k! yderabsd
Sri G Srivatsav, Asst. Environmental Engineer, A.P. Pollution Control Board, Regional Office - I, Rangareddy District.
Smt. R.Lavanya, Asst. Environmental Engineer, P..?. Pe!!uticn Ccr?trc! Board, Regicns! Office - 1, Rangareddy Distrie.
Ms. A Sujala, Asst. Environmental Engineer, P..P. Pc!!uEcr! Controt Board, Regional Office - I, Rangared&f District.
Sri. G. Narasirnhulu, Analyst Gr-11, A.P, Pollution Control Board, Regional Ofice - I, Rafigareddy District.
At tlle outset dle ~aviro1Lne11tal E~igiueer, A.P. Pollutio~~ Control Board, Regional
'2fltizc - 1, Eangareddy CisOict welcomed thc pubIic representatives. Governmeiit
oiliciais a id tlle public gathered at the venue for tile heariug. He infomled that, tlle
Board is c~iIdilc:Uig the ptiblic consul:afon mecting on the Remediation of NGOT.
Moiid. Ku~ta . Persons fi-0111 the ~~~ ' rou l i d i~ ig places, industrial represeutatives from
kattzdcii cttended the rne~tiig. Abolit 1CO persons with a cross section of go;?.
officials, public representatives, media, uldushyj villagers etc. were present. The
gatherkg was irfomec! :hat, no pe;n;issions will be accorded to the project after thc
public coasultatio~i meetiilg. The views, suggestions aud objectioas that is raised/
givcii by the rey;resentatives will be iixoiporated in the mi2i1:es aid the s a l e will be
sent to W-orld Buiid ivioEF, Go1 for fwtiier processbig. He requested the Joint Chief
Er\%o;;mcntzl Enghecr to pieside cver Elis p~bl ic comdtztion meeting =d cont i i~~c
tile proceedings.
- 1 lie Joint Cluef Ellvirolune~ltal Engineer, while welconling die peopie gathered '
explained abcuit :hc objec:ivzs of zonductiiig the Public cons';!:a:lon setting. He
i~donileci that, the total area of K u t a is 7.6 hectass of asea with a catchlient of 178
hcctzs. At pressfit :!c cn:c!;meii: izirea is occupied by Irldfistria! Estate & Kesidentia! -.
pockets. There ase two feeder chsul~~els that lead to tile h t a . lhey are fioln
!ndustii~! Es:atc and from Netaji nagar residentia! areas. The Cischargc iloxs f i ~ X
Kulta tluough EGR Agsicultue University Canpus (one KM) and fiow for a short
c1istzzc.e a;;d jobs the ChiIan L&e. The ovefiow f iox Clelaii Lake joins
Slliwanpally tank & Voora Clie~uvu aid fulally joins Mi-Alun Talk. The Supreme
C c ~ i t h!llonitori;;g C o r ~ i t t c c k? Octobcr 2203, directed thc mPCE t~ sxbIliit a the-
bowid action pim fo1- rehabilitation of tile Kwlta as well as closwe of l~azadous waste
generatkg industries. Subsequeatly, The Andkra Pradesll Pollutio~l Co~ltrol Board has
issued Closure crdcrs to ~ ~ i b e r of po!hthg k?lustries in this area to ccntrol pc!!il:ion
of Kuilta due to illdusuial discharge. Perse~ttly the lait it^ source of poilutio~~ to the g..-' , L L ~ is domestic scwrcge of the swoundiiig sektlement area. HUDA has established a
ST?* and been conu~lissioned. A study was conducted 011 Kunta by Wilbur Smith
Associates i-, -?r~!wc!1 2006. As per their rep~f i , +Lhc vsiues of lead 'md chromium s;c
very II@ in the sediments of the Lake. The World Bazk tea11 visited Noor
iMoh~i inc! l i = x ~ ~ : ~ i :O takeup remediation under Caprcity Bullding :jr 1.-4..-"n' I ~ c L ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~
Poilutioll Mauagement Project (CBIPM). Uuder this, 85% of the Project cost will be
4.. ,,1112ed . .. I; j: ' r ? ' ~ ~ : i : Bii~ik r i d the SZite G~ \~c i~ i i c f i t S ~ Z C is 15%. ??;c dzrraticn p~lr;l~d is
about five yea-s a11d the expected project cost is 148.00 crores.
He requested the project proponents to explaiu the project pl-oposals in detail ant c.. .:.- ,... ,-eel v can;- L ~ ~ \ I ~ V ~ ~ ~ L ~ L I C C I ~ LC L) b1L? issacs asscciztcZ with the project.
Dr. N Karull&ual, the PI-oject's consu l t~~ts of M/s. 1.C.T Pvt. Ltd expiahled tile
~o!!iitio~ control mestrres to be taken up aild oli Envir~~menta! hpac: Assessment
of the proposed p-oject of Re~nediation of Noor Mohd. Kwlta. He exyiained about die
i;:.'opo;ecf pr~jec?.
RENIEDIATTON OF NOOR. NIOHI). KUNTA
He informed that, the fotal area of the Noor Mohd. Kunta is about 13.6 he(2.tz1.e~.
P::eser.:!;l,'it rysnsists cf 7.5 hectcres. The ns in sin: of the prs ject i s t c ccnl;ert t$e !zk,::
into recreational uea. For that, the existhlg siudge ul the iake will be removed anti
sent :G 'TSDF fbr disp~sir! ,% xl! the vGater will be trented by ushg Eflluzrrt :'raitr;;ei~t
Plant. As per tile repork of Pollutio~i Co~ltl-01 Board & NGRI, tlle siudge 111 the iake
c~i-itains nbcul !9-49% niore :!;?a he%-cj: rnc:ds. The -,rsjzc: consists cf'the f01Iov;Lig
siagcs; . .
= Arrest the indl:st:::l! ;-<atei.
Puinp tile suiface water
Reiiloval of soil
* Covert into recreatiorial area
He kdeilxer? that, CLhe machinery will be operated at thc site ~ r J y a ~ d the same will be
nio~utored by the Pollution Control Board. He aiso informed that, the operatio11 of tlie
machinery will be stopped &chg the period of ptiblic worship to avoid hconvenicace
of tile people h Temple and Mosque etc. Further, he informed that, aii the activities
will be done as per the Rules of'MoEF & VVorld Bed.
Public Response in the Consultation Meeting:-
Dr. B Bucha Reddy, Assoc. Deal, College of Agriculture, Rajendranagar,
HjCeiabaC - ~ h l e addresskg idarmed 'U?a: the Pollution Control B o ~ d is zonductiag
tile public consultation nleeting and requested the gathering to express their views /
opinions. Wlulc welcoming the project of reincdiation of Noor Mohd 1Yr;i;:a he
blforuled that such projects are indeed needed for ecological balance. He told that, the
CTi;i~~;sitj: RCSCFUCI; F0ill.i~' jail and ?GO ;Gore ikrtes xc also FO~:U:C~ r;l this arca. IYe
also informed that, the lake is not gohig to be closed and given for any building
pu-goses. Hc also r-ecoiai~endcd for bio-remediation of the I&e wcter as i t is h ccidic
nature and 110 one can drulk the water even a ~ l l a l s also.
Dr. G Swaajya Laksluni, Professor- & Head, Dept. of Envisomnem & Science,
Co!!egc of Agr~ziilture, R i i j~ndr~ag ix , Hyderabad api;recizteb the proposed pr~jez:
and it wili be useful for the S U L ' I - O U L ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ people in many respects. She also requested +IT rn pr~jec: pr~ponznt :o mclude t i e iemedir,:ion of ssi! of t l !e !&e as ;;ell zs iG
swroullding areas especially Agriculture U~uversity.
Dr. K Bala Swany, told that, smell was these i.11 the su~~oulidilg axeas of the
Iskc. I"roi;osed yr~jcet is good a d sho-~!c! be c~ritiiiicd.
Sri. M. Govinda Reddy, told that, ausseries are also not co~iLUlg in the
University zrcc =?l smell is cornkg Goin the NOGT. Mohd. Kr;;;:a. Thc ILotia z!lei.c;,.~;
is also polluted a id requested the proponelit to include hi the project for the
remcdiati~n of *C sc?ille.
Dr. Subrmauyml, toid that, collvelting the lake hlto recreatiollai place is not
~i i~iA#l ri1d proposed plaits ia :!la: area slloilld be ~se f i l ! . Xz also proposed to hi!: 3
bio-diversity pasic.
rile Envkomental Engineer a g ~ l requested the public to ask any queries with
.-"oTrd to t ^ ^ l em< bb uo~nixlg project thcn the ~rojzct mthorities will respond for the sa..i.iz.
Prof. Jeevan Rao told that today is vely hnportaut day and he was waithg for
*IS dcly for last fcw yeas. I gave thz ccr;lp!ht aboii: the 1dx e~!icr itsdf. Our
Research was stopped and shifted to other place as the lake was poiiuted. We ase
+I. t l l c l d d i i ! ,. to P ~ l l i l ~ ~ i l C0iik01 B~?i id hi giVirig S i i ? ~ ~ i < tO t G t Y y ~ of i;iGj~~:. He G!SG
toid that, as the p a t of dle project, the sul'face water will be treated and the sedilnellts
will be rcn~oved. 1;1 this m a g-clirid ~ ~ a t e r , sttiden: f'ili~s. pscmajipet taik a d bore
welis are also poiluted. Once rain will come, dlen polluted water again will join into
+I UIC :x& as sr;io.mdkg arcas are $56 pol!ii:ed.
Dr. N Kau11akara11, the Project's consdtants of Mi's. 1.C.T Pvt. i t d explained
t h t , it is r,ot possiS!z to cxt;c?c: a!! fhc giound wziter. Szfiiec .y\ l~t~i z d sludge vl;ll *I L V C
rellloved. Subsequeatiy, the pollution of pound water will be decreased.
Prof. .ieeva.il Rao also asked that, any tadc 111 tile colintly was re~llediaied by tl. ; ~ I U S = ~ t h ~ d .
The Project's Consultant hlformed that, this is the pilot project supported by
'*?'cr!ci Saz!;. Sri C Y Nagesh, ErV-iroaxenta! Ez&eer cf Poflution Con" LAol S ~ z i d
answered that 110 Iake was remedated by this nlethod a ~ d this is the fist one 111 tile
C G ~ Q . If'a;y ore ccvi givc culy changes, thz s'u;;z wit! be hccqoratcd.
Sri, Viilllesh Gupta, Owiler of one of the existing ulit at Kattecin hlfonneci
&L-• L I I ' L L ) t!ic f '~! lo~cd scport is t l c e y e a s back onc. Presently-, uliits v<cx closed.
As on today, no wits at Kattedan are co~lsu~lllllg 1110re quantity of water. Hence,
requested to ~lnlake a provisio~l for sewage water from the s~lxrowlding to t l~e lake by
chm~eliskg..
The Project's Consultant auswered that, industt-id water and donnlestic water
c~llectioll is diff'eielnlt. The sewage water is proposed to be treated in the existing
Sewage Treatment Plant.
Sri S m j m Karodia, Owner of one of the existing unit at Kattedan, hfonned
Llat the wastewater coinkg from the industries also treated. The Consultcant answered
that, quantificatioa of water will be doue at that stage.
Sri Rajesh A g w a i , Owner of one of the existing wi t at Kat tehq while
WlcGIIIkg t!!z projcct undertaken by the Ciovcmcr,t is apprcciatcd aild i~l 'olxed
that, already STP is existed hl this area, there is ~leed of ETP. I11 the ETP, the water
c~mir,g to the k u ~ t a and existing in the kunta has to bc treated. No drci;nage system is
there in the Kattedan. No garbage dwuphlg; should be allowed near the lake. Solid
waste sllould be treatcd here ody instead of s e n h g to TSDF ~ F 1 2 f i is i i ~ t
eco~lolllically viable and requested the proponent to establish a system similar to the
TSDF to aeat the wastc k n e x vicinity of the site.
Tile Project's Consulta~t answered that, the solid waste in the kullta will be
sen: to TSDF only* foi disposal. Fresh soil will be replaced in that p!aze. Sri C Y
Nagesh, EE of APPCB also answered that, 110 industrial effluent will be dischuged
~ u t s i d c t1e prerniscs s~d IIO more vv;zt,tcr will be aSCcd to the kmta kom LIe kdr;sti;lcs.
Sri T. Rajender Reddy, SEE of APPCB, told dlaf the details and benefits of -Jle
project v;as akczdjr expltiked. Helice, the public ccvl tell the view llke whether t h y
are welco~nlling the project or not directly.
Prof. Jeevan Rao, welco~lled this project and also told that, evelybody wants
this t j , ~ c ofprojcc:.
Dr. B Bucha Reddy, Assoc. Dean, College of Agl., Rajeidranagar asked that,
a f k i remediztion, the Kiruta wiH be used as a storage tsu& ~r percolatiori tmi. He also
requested to include the ~elliediatiou of soil hi the surroundmg areas mid treatnient of
w ~ f e r iil the siil.~ou;l&~g laes. He appreciated the eff~its of Statc Govt. to give
support for tile ecological balance as the ~enlediation of existing lake.
Tile JCEE of APPCB concluded the meetbig and informed that after
reifiediatiofi, the ku::.a will; be used as a ptrci;!aCion iaak or;ly. r:o: as a s(orsge :mi.
He also klforll~eu that, tliere are two inlet cl~mulels are existed for the Noor Mhd. 1.' ..*.i L \ L ~ I I L ~ ~ .
The EE of APPCB thanked the public for attelldiug the ~lleetjllg mld giving
their val~able sugges~orrs.
Tile people who attended die public collsultatioii stated tilat, they are
welcoming the prctject. Biit, key wat tij rerriediate ille soil ;ii h e sliil-cj~idhg zreaj:
and other lakes hi tliat area, wlGcii were aheady polluted.
The Public Collsultation meeting concluded with a positive note for renlediatioll . .
GI' >,'GO; Mo!;d. Kiln:;, Kaltcda;:, Ra;~gc?reddy Dislric: c?nd t!;c i;ilblic .;;as ~n!i;i;;;ed
that the suggestions 111ade by them are recorded for pelusal and ~lecessaiy action.
B.P. PT)LLT_TTION CClNTROI. SOP-RD, E.NGTT.?EEP., A.P. POLLTJTION REGION.4L OFFlCE - 1, CON'TROL BOARI>, 2.0NAL OFFLCE, RANGAREDDY DISTRICT HYDERABAD
6.1.11 Public Consultation (Draft Final ESA Report Disclosure)
Public consultation for Ukkayapalli MSW Landfill site Kadapa, Andhra Pradesh was held on 19.01.2009 at Ward Office, Chinnachowk, Kadapa, Andhra Pradesh. Public representative, Government Officials, PAP'S and Public attended the public consultation. The Minutes of the public consultation and the list of person participated in the consultation is given in Annexure -6.3. A view of the public consultation is shown in Photo 6.1.7 to 6.1.10 and the following are the suggestions, views and concerns given by the public.
All the persons at the meeting were unanimously welcomed the proposed project Requested and official to take up the project immediately Not to permit any industrial activity or fresh dumping near the existing dumping site Location of new dump site on away from the city No requirement of resettlement or rehabilitation as per the Kadapa Municipal Corporation official, since the KMC owning the total area of existing site.
Photo 6.1.7 to 6.1.10 View of public consultation at Kadapa
6.2.1 1 Public Consultation (Draft Final ESA Report Disclosure)
Public consultation for Noor Mohammad Kunta HW site, Andhra Pradesh was held on 20.0 1.2009 at College Auditorium, College of Agriculture, Acharya N.G. Ranga Agriculture University campus, Rajendranagar, Rangareddy District, Andhra Pradesh. Public representative, Government Officials, students, PAP'S and Public attended the public consultation. The Minutes of the public consultation is given in Annexure -6.4. A view of the public consultation is shown in Photo 6.2.13 to 6.2.16. and the following are the su,ogestions, views and concerns given by the public.
All the persons who attended the meeting were unanimously welcomed the proposed project Inclusion of nearby polluted lake, university research faml and farm land for remediation Disconnection and treatment of industrial wastewater and domestic sewage entering the lake Setup of TSDF facility at NMK itself to avoid transportation of large quantity of waste to far away sites.
Photo 6.2.13 to 6.2.16 Vicw of public consulration Noor Moh;mmad Kunta
7.2.10 Public Consultation (Draft Final ESA Report Disclosure)
Public consultation for Dhapa, MSW site, Kolkata, West Bengal was held on 31.01.2009 st Free Primary School, Khaneberia, Dhapa, Kolkata. West Bengal. Public representative, Government Officials, PAP'S and Public attended the public consultation. The Minutes of the public consultation is given in Annexure -7.4. A view of the public consultation is shown in Photo 7.2.10. to 7.2.13 and the following are the suggestions, views and concerns given by the public.
All the persons who attended the meeting were unanimously welcomed the proposed project and insists on Provision of Livelihood compensation before closing of the landfill site, since they are solely depending on the landfill site for their income.
consultation Noor Mohammad Kunta
7.1.10 Public Consultation (Draft Final ESA Report Disclosure)
Public consultation for Hooghly Hazardous Waste sites, West Bengal was held on 21.01.2009 at Training Hall of MIS Mother Dairy ltd, Dankuni. Hooghly, West Bengal. Public representative, Government Officials, NGO's. PAP'S and Public attended the public consultation. The Minutes of the public consultation and list of person participated in the consultation is given in Annexure -7.5. A view of the public consultation is shown in Photo 7.1.9. to 7.1.12 and the following are the suggestions, views and concerns given by the public.
All the persons who attended the meeting were unanimously welcomed the proposed project and insists on Explore of the possibility of use of in-situ remediation, since the ex-situ remediation will cause business and economic problem in the area.
Annex 8.1
Consultation Minutes
(West Bengal)
@Twf~ & ;*g % 59 . ~ @ / r 3 ~ g @ *
g - - - ~ + ' 9 r@%q
"e)", ;$y I":, @ @dJkTqV49 . .
Minutes of the Public Consultation held on 21.01.2009 at 10.OOA.M at Free Primary School at Kbanaberia in connection with the improved implementation of Municipal Solid Waste Management by closing and containment of Dhapa Municipal Solid Waste dump site, Kolkata Municipal Corporation.
The public representatives, Government officials and the local public attended the public
consultation. The list of the person present in the public consultation meeting are enclosed in
Annexure.
At the outset, Sri S.K. Adhikari, Senior Environmental Engineer, West Bengal Pollution
Control Board, welcomed the public gathering and informed that the Kolkata Municipal
Corporation(KMC) has been dumping Municipal Solid Waste in the dump site at Dhapa for a
long time, which is causing pollution problems in the nearby area. He further communicated
that under the World Bank aided project on Capacity Building for Industrial Pollution
Management (CBIPM), the closure and containment of 8.2 ha of Dhapa Municipal Solid
waste site is proposed with the aim to reduce the risks from contamination and exposure. The
public consultation is a statutory requirement to take suggestions, views, objections etc. from
the public.
Mr. A. K. Sarkar, Principal Chief Engineer(Mechanica1 & Electrical), Kolkata Municipal
Corporation welcomed the proposed project and informed the gathering that the site proposed
to be remediated is scheduled to be closed within March 2010 as its entire holding capacity
will be exhausted by that time. Remediation will ensure that contamination from the closed
site is eliminated. He also informed that the KMC has already identified a site of area 10 ha
near the existing dumping site at Dhapa for the development of an engineered landfill site.
The Member Secretary, WBPCB highlighted the social and environmeiltal benefits of the
project. He hrther informed about the compensation and training components for the project
affected people.
Smt. Lakshimani Banerjee Chairperson, Borough-VII, Ward-57, Kolkata Municipal
Corporation also supported the Project as the nearby public had been suffering from pollution
problem for the past several years.
Mr. Adhikari requested the Consultant (Inter Continental Consultants and Technocrats, New
Delhi) to present the project details to the gathering. Mr. Najaf Abbas of ICT Pvt. Ltd
explained the objective of the project, the major environmental and social impacts of the
project, anticipated benefits and the proposed social and environmental management plan to
the gathering.
After detailed presentation, Mr. Adhikari requested the public to express their suggestion,
views and concerns.
Smt. Bobby Mondal, of Khanaberia Village welcomed the proposed project and informed
that the people of the surrounding villages depend solely on the landfill site for their
livelihood and closure of the site would mean loss of their source of income. Hence, the
project proponents must arrange for adequate compensation before closing the landfill site.
Smt. Tulusi Mondal of Uchepota and Asha Boroi of Khanaberia village also welcomed the
project but requested the officials to take care of their livelihood concerns before closing the
dumpsite since their entire family is dependant on the landfill site.
Public gathered at the consultation unanimously welcomed the project but insisted on the
livelihood compensation before closing the dumpsite.
Mr. A. K. Sarkar, Principal Chief Engineer (Mechanical & Electrical), Kolkata Municipal
Corporation assured that the entire landfill site will not be closed. Only a site of 8.2 ha whose
capacity will be exhausted in March 2010 will be closed and taken up for remediation.
Dumping will continue in the adjacent 13 ha plot and a newly acquired land where an
engineered landfill would be developed. Quantity of waste that will continue to be dumped at
Dhapa will remain the same. Hence, it is expected that there will be no loss of livelihood.
However, the matter has already been taken into consideration in the project proposal, which
suggests that the project affected people may be trained suitably to take up other professions.
Finally the Senior Environmental Engineer, WBPCB, Kolkata summed up the proceedings of
the public consultation on the proposed project and concluded that the public opinion is
unanimous towards implementation of the project.
[ Dr. N. Karunakaran ] [ S. K. Adhikari ] Senior Manager, Senior Environmental Engineer
International Consultants and Technocrats Pvt. Ltd. Waste Management Cell, WBPCB
........... ..................................................................... .................................................................................................................................................... " I " ' " I".'.
blinutes of the Public Consultation held on 21.01.2009 at 1O.OOA.bI at Free Primaley School at Khanaberia in connection with the improved implementation of Municipal Solid Waste Management by closing and containment of Dhapa klunicipal Solid Waste dump site, Kolkata Municipal Corporation.
The public representatives, Government officials and the local public attended the public
consultation. The list of the person present in the puhlic consultation meeting are encloscd in
h e x u r e .
At the outset. Sri S.K. Adhikari. Senior Environmental Engineer, West Bengal Pollution
Control Board. welcomed the public gathering and informed that thc Kolkata Municipal
Corporation(KMC) has been dumping Municipal Solid Waste in the dump site at Dhapa for a
long time, which is causing pollution problems in the nearby area. He further communicatcd
that under the World Bank aided project on Capacity Building for Industrial Pollution
Management (CBIPM), the closure and containment of 8.2 ha of Dhapa Municipal Solid
waste site is proposed with thc aim to reduce the risks from contamination and exposure. The
public consultation is a statutory requirement to take suggestions, vimvs. objcctions ctc. from
the public.
Mr. A. K. Sarkar, Principal Chief Engineer(Mechanica1 &r Electrical), Kolkata Municipal
Corporation welcomed the proposed project and infonned the gathering that the site PI-oposed
to be remediated is scheduled to be closed within March 2010 as its entire I~olding capacitj.
will be exhausted by that timc. Rcmctliation will ensure that contamination from the closcd
site is eliminated. He also informed that the KMC has already identified a s ~ t c ol' area I0 ha
near the existing dumping sitc at Dhapa for the dcvelopmcnt of an engineered landtill site.
The Member Secretary, WBPCB highlighted the social and en~~iro~iniciital bcnctits of tlic
project. He further informed about tlic compcnsation and training con~poncnts ior tllc project
affected people.
Smt. Lakshinlani Banerjee Chairperson. Borough-VII, Ward-57, Kolkata hlunicipal
Corporation also supported rht. Project as the nearby public hat1 been suffcri~ig rrom pollution
problem for the past sevcral ycars.
Mr. Adhikari requested the Consi~ltant (Inter Continen~al Consultants and Technocrats. New
Delhi) to present the projcct details to thc gathcring. Mr. Najaf Abbas of IC'I h . 1 . Llcl
explained the objective of thc projccl. thc major envil.onmenta1 ant1 social inipacts of' ~ l l c
project, anticipated benefits and the proposed social and environmental nlanagenleut plat1 to
the gathering.
After detailed presentation, Mr. Adhikari requested the public to express their suggestion,
views and concerns.
Smt. Bobby Mondal, of Khanaberia Village welcomed the proposed project and infonned
that the people of the surrounding villages depend solely on the landfill site for their
livelihood and closure of the site would mean loss of their source of income. Hence, the
project proponents must arrange for adequate compensation before closing the landfill site.
Smt. Tulusi Mondal of Uchepota and Asha Boroi of Khanaberia village also welcomcd the
project but requested the officials to take care of their livelihood concerns belore closing the
dumpsite since their entire family is dependant on the landfill site.
Public gathered at the consultation unanimoiisly welcomed the project but insiststl on the
livelihood compensation before closing the dumpsite.
Mr. A. K. Sarkar, Principal Chief Engineer (Mechanical & Electrical), Kolkata hlutiiciprll
Corporation assured that the entire landfill site will not be closed. Only a site of 8.3 ha \vhose
capacity will be exhausted in march 2010 will be closed and taken up for remetliat~on.
Dumping will continue in the adjacent 13 ha plot and a newly acquired land whcrc an
engineered landfill would be dcvcloped. Quantity of waste that ~ v i l l cont~nue to bc tlumpctl at
Dhapa will remain the same. Hence, i t is expected that there \vill bc no loss of livcl~hood.
However, the matter has already been taken into consideration in the project proposal. \~.liich
suggests that the project affected people niay bc trained suitably to take up othcr profcssio~is.
Finally the Senior Environmental Engineer, WBPCB. Kolkata sunimcd up the proccetlin~s ol'
the public consultation on the proposed project and concluded that the public opinion is
unanimous towards implcinentation of thc project.
[ Dr. N. Karunakaran 1 S. ti. Adhikari ( Senior Manager, Senior Environmental Eogiuecr
International Consultants and Technocrats I'ut. I . tt l . Waste blanagement <:ell, II'BPC'U
