2013b review the bioarchaeology of individuals

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Book Review

THE BIOARCHEOLOGY OF INDIVIDUALS. Edited by AnnL.W. Stodder and Ann M. Palkovich. Gainseville, FL:

University Press Florida. 2012. 287 pp. ISBN 978-0-8130-3807-0. $74.95 (hardcover).

The human skeletons from archeological sites areartifacts that contain information about the physical andthe social worlds of the past. Bioarcheologists often takean epidemiological approach to skeletons; we addressprocessual questions about human populations, theirbehavioral and biological adaptations. This scientificframework often leaves little room for the lived experi-ence of individuals. Social bioarcheology is a move awayfrom privileging science above anthropology; this theoret-ical framework allows for an empirically grounded read-ing of ancient bodies as an inscription of social forces.Because the body is more than a unit of population, the

osteobiography too can become more than a case study.By integrating osteobiographical, epidemiological, andsocial bioarcheological approaches to human skeletons,The Bioarcheology of Individuals demonstrates a newframework for exploring the tension between social struc-ture and individual agency; dynamic and static; processand event; science, interpretation, and representation.

In this review, I chose to highlight a few of the storiesI found most compelling for their interdisciplinarity anddeeply social approach, but all of the contributionssucceed at portraying past people as actors, creators,leaders, resistors, and others. In 16 expertly craftedchapters, the skeletal biology of parents, children, farm-ers, masons, artisans, immigrants, nomads, warriors,healers (pg. 1) is described. Each author pulls in eth-nography, history, legend, archeology, biography, archi-

tecture, and art to understand the physical, chemical,and molecular evidence from the bones and teeth.

In an analysis of two historic period burials from Belize,Wrobel demonstrates the biological consequences of coloni-alism. More interestingly, the author argues convincinglythat evidence for syncretism in burial practices can beinterpreted in light of Maya cooperation and resistance toSpanish colonialism. Lozada and colleagues use ethnogra-phy, history, isotopic analysis, paleopathology, mortuarytreatment, and funerary artifacts to understand howancient Chirabaya viewed curandero, charismatic itiner-ant figures associated with healing and ritual power inthe Andean highlands. Their question is an interestingone: given that these individuals could use their power tohelp or to harm, is it possible to see those choices in the

mortuary treatment accorded to individual curanderos?An 1820-year-old female from Bronze Age Tell Abraq

with evidence for neuromuscular disease is described byMartin and Potts. This chapter provides the reader withan inside look at bioarcheological work: invoking theemotional responses that can occasionally occur in theexcavation of human remains; the affinity we feel forsome of our skeletal colleagues; and the troubling, ardu-ous labor of differential diagnosis. The authors do a nice

job of describing the impact of poliomyelitis and otherneuromuscular conditions on an individuals health andfunctioning.

Powell and colleagues present an intriguing mystery ofan African Queen in Portugal, one that problematizes

racial and ethnic determination in skeletal remains. Byapproaching the question from almost every angle, theauthors demonstrate how historical, anthropological, andmolecular approaches can converge to reveal a very com-plex story for an historic era skeleton.

Walker and colleagues description of the Axed Man ofMosfells death is visceral, reminding the reader thatacts of violence are social. The authors consider theremains of an Icelandic Viking and they draw fromsagas depicting ax-wielding warriors, women, andresulting feuds to contextualize the experiences of thevictim, the perpetrator, and the witnesses to violence.The concept of agency is implicit in the consideration ofwhether he was executed for criminal behavior. Simi-larly, Heathcote and colleagues use body size, robusticity,and musculoskeletal markers to understand the materi-ality of Chamorro work and the semiotics of ChamorroGiants. In an original chapter about a Syrian burialfrom Bronze Age Alalakh, Boutin creates a fictionalnarrative from the skeletal data, with the goal of

making archeology more relevant to the modern world.This problematizing approach asks students and generalreaders to consider the politics of representation in anew light.

This book offers up many more excellent stories ofseamstresses, artisans, craftsmen, women, healers, moth-ers, and children. The social relevance of these burialsand the people who were buried is inferred from a varietyof perspectives. As a whole, The Bioarcheology of Individ-uals succeeds in reconstructing personhood and intentionusing an osteobiographical approach. For experts in thefield, this is an entertaining read, akin to gathering withcolleagues and talking shop in an informal setting like acampfire. The volume has an intelligent but casual,almost conversational tone and the stories, while compel-

ling, are also empirically grounded and thus enjoyable.The editors wanted to create an accessible resource forstudents and nonexpert readers interested in bioarcheol-ogy. Intuitively, osteobiography is an obvious choice forreaching a broad audience. Undergraduate students areoften ready to take a forensic approach to humanremains; they are interested in reconstructing the lifecourse of an individual. Story-telling is a familiar lan-guage, much more familiar and accessible than anthro-pological discourses about violence, health, social status,work, power, political resistance, structural violence, andmarginalization. By reading these chapters, a popular orstudent audience can see how we move from an osteo-biography of an individual to a population-level, contex-tual, and deeply social analysis; from an anecdote to atheoretically informed, scientifically grounded, anthropo-logical investigation. The strength of this book is in thistransformative potential, making bioarcheology public,comprehensible, and relevant.

GWEN ROBBINS SCHUGDepartment of AnthropologyAppalachian State UniversityBoone, NC

DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.22322Published online 00 Month 2013 in Wiley Online Library

(wileyonlinelibrary.com).

2013 WILEY PERIODICALS, INC.

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 00:0000 (2013)

J_ID: zc0 Customer A_ID: AJPA22322 Cadmus Art: AJPA22322 Ed. Ref. No.: 13BR13 Date: 4-June-13 Stage: Page: 1

2013b review the bioarchaeology of individuals

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