2 project details...regular flights to mumbai and delhi are available from here. ahmedabad airport...

ORGANIC COATINGS LTD. EIA, EMP, RA & DMP FOR PROPOSED

PROJECT OF PRINTING INK, INK CONCENTRATE & PIGMENTS

INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND

KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS MARCH 2011

18

2 PROJECT DETAILS

2.1 Site Details

OCL purchased the existing land and building structure from Pawan Knit Pvt. Ltd., a non-operative unit. Site approach is illustrated in Map 1-1. Other key issues are described in subsequent paragraphs.

2.2 Infrastructure Facilities

There is adequate availability of required resources within the study area, and of environment management related facilities within the District, to undertake and operate the proposed project in an environmentally sustainable manner. Details are covered in the following paragraphs.

2.2.1 Land

The existing land use is Non-Agricultural (‘NA’) with permission for industrial use as per available land records. OCL is located at Block No. 395, 437, 450 Village Umaraya, Taluka: Padra, District: Vadodara. The total area of the proposed project site is 8,631 m2.

2.2.2 Water Requirement and Availability

Water is sourced from an existing bore well at site. The site is not falling under the ‘Critical Zone’ category specified by the CGWA2. Accordingly, permission to abstract groundwater is not required.

2.2.3 Power

1,341 KVA will be contract demand and will be available from Madhya Gujarat Vij Company Ltd.

2.2.4 Waste Water Disposal

Effluent generated from process and utilities will be treated in effluent treatment plant at site. Treated effluent will be finally disposed in Mahi Estuary via Effluent Channel Project Ltd. (ECPL). Domestic effluent will be disposed off in soak pit. A total of 187 KLD of wastewater will be generated from the project against which the unit has already obtained membership of ECPL for the disposal of treated effluent up to 60 KLD, and has applied to increase the load up to the full capacity of discharge.

2.2.5 Hazardous Waste Disposal

The unit is member of Nandesari Enviro Control Ltd. (NECL), Nandesari for Hazardous Waste Disposal.

2.3 Approach to Site

The proposed site is situated in a well developed area within Padra Taluka of Vadodara District and is easily approachable. Padra is the Taluka Headquarters. The site can be approached in the following ways:

2 The Central Ground Water Authority (CGWA) notification demarcates locations within country as either of the following: non-critical, semi-critical, critical and over-exploited.





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By road

The site is situated on ECP road. Umaraya is the nearest village, about 0.87 km towards NNW direction from proposed project site. Padra is about 5.72 km towards SE direction from site. Padra is well serviced by private vehicles and State Transport buses.

State Highway, SH-6, is about 2.07 km, towards the south of the proposed site and connects Vadodara and Bharuch Districts via Padra and Jambusar.

Borsad-Padra-Jambusar State Highway is about 2.84 km towards W direction from proposed site.

Padra-Karajan SH-160 is about 6.39 km towards SE direction from proposed project site.

Vadodara which is the district headquarters, as well as one of the most developed cities in India, is situated at an aerial distance of about 12 km east of the proposed site.

Vadodara –Anklav-Borsad SH-11 is about 8.41 km towards NNE direction from proposed site.

Western bypass for Vadodara city is about 8.16 km towards E direction from proposed site.

The ECP (Effluent Channel Project) road also known as ‘Maitry Marg’ is about 0.03 km south of the site. The ECP road is running parallel to an effluent channel starting point at Dhanora Village and ending near Sarod Village.

Jambuva, the closest point along National Highway, NH-8, lies at an aerial distance of about 17.15 km in the southeast direction from the proposed site. NH-8 connects Mumbai and Delhi via Ahmedabad and Jaipur.

National Expressway, NE-1, connects Ahmedabad and Vadodara, and is about 20.22 km ENE from the proposed site.

By rail

Pratapnagar – Padra – Jambusar narrow gauge railway line is about 6.36 km south of the proposed project site. The nearest railway station, Ranu-Pimpari, is about 6.75 km south of the site.

Padra Railway Station (narrow gauge) is about 6.87 km towards SE direction from project site.

Vishwamitri Railway Station (broad gauge as well as narrow gauge) is about 15.69 km ENE from the project site.

Vadodara Railway Station (broad gauge) is about 16.64 km in the NNE direction from the proposed project site. It is a major junction on the Mumbai-Ahmedabad and Mumbai-Delhi route. It provides connectivity to most parts of India.

By air

Nearest Domestic Airport at Vadodara, is about 20.80 km towards ENE direction from project site. Regular flights to Mumbai and Delhi are available from here.

Ahmedabad Airport known as Sardar Patel International Airport (domestic as well as international) is about 98.93 km in the NNW direction from the project site. Regular flights to large parts of India and some countries abroad are available from here.

2.4 Product Details

The list of products proposed to be manufactured has already been provided in Chapter 1.

2.5 Land Distribution of Site

The land distribution at the site is presented in

Table 2-1.





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Table 2-1: Land Distribution at Site

S. No. Title Area in m2 % of total area

1 Production 382.81 4.43

2 Raw Material and Product Storage 820.31 9.50

3 Security Cabin 25.00 0.28

4 Effluent Treatment Plant 287.5 3.33

5 Greenbelt Area 2653.82 30.79

6 Utility Area 116.01 1.34

7 Tank Farm 117.18 1.35

8 Area for Future Expansion 558.98 6.47

9 Miscellaneous 105.46 1.22

10 Internal Roads and Open Areas 3563.93 41.29

Total 8631.00 100.00

Site layout Map is shown as M 2.1.

Total plot area is 8631 m2 and greenbelt area is 30.79% of the total plot area, which is sufficient.





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Map 2-1: Site Layout Map





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2.6 Manufacturing Process, Flow Diagram and Material Balance

The process of making ink involves making three different pigments. First, base for the required pigment is selected and the same is dissolved either in acidic or alkali media as per the process which is then diluted with ice cubes to achieve the desired temperature of the mass. In another reactor, a suitable coupler is selected and the same is again dissolved in suitable alkali or acidic media. Once, clear solution of both the above is achieved, they are allowed to react with each other in third reactor at certain predefined temperature, pH value and volume. The same is then subjected to salt and surface treatment to achieve the desired result.

Thus obtained slurry of organic pigment is then transferred to another reactor and allowed to be reacted with suitable varnish oil mix at certain temperature and pH in the presence of suitable additives.

These pre-dispersed pigments are then filtered through Nutche Filters and flushed into a sigma mixer. Here, the material is subjected to a high shear in the presence of extra quantity of varnish, alkyd and oil. The derived flush is diluted in the ink plant and converted into ink. Here, suitable additives and/or dryers are added before packing the ink.

2.6.1 Prinking Ink and Ink Concentrate

Varnish is prepared at high temperature by dissolving phenolic and hydrocarbon resins, in adequate proportion, in mineral oil at high temperature of 180ºC - 200ºC and after attaining required parameters, it is mixed in premix reactor with suitable pigment and with some mineral oil. Here it is subjected to high speed stirring for adequate mixing, and after passing through in-process quality assurance, the same mass is allowed to pass through grinding equipment like a bead mill and/or a triple roll mill with the parameters set as per the desired result. This mass is then accumulated to another reactor wherein further chemicals like additives, dryers and waxes are added to bring about an acceptable quality of ink. This mass is then filtered through an adequate filtration system and packed for dispatch.

2.6.2 Pigment Yellow 12

Dichlorobenzidine on reaction with sodium nitrite in presence of HCl at about 0ºC – 10ºC in ice/ water yields dichlorobenzidine diazonium salt. A surfactant is normally (though not always) used for controlling the particle size during the coupling reaction.

Rosination

Rosination is done by adding alkaline solution of rosin3 in the pigment slurry before / after filtration. During rosination, pigment particles get coated with rosin. Rosination is carried out where it is required and also depends on the application where pigment is used.

Filtration and Isolation of Press Cake

Filtration is carried out through filter press and pigment is isolated in the form of press cake, which contains water and pigment.

3 Rosin, also called colophony or Greek pitch (Pix græca), is a solid form of resin obtained from pines and some other plants, mostly conifers, produced by heating fresh liquid resin to vaporize the volatile liquid terpene components. It is semi-transparent and varies in color from yellow to black. At room temperature, rosin is brittle, but it melts at stove-top temperatures. It chiefly consists of different resin acids, especially abietic acid.





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Drying and Pulverization

Press Cake is dried and pulverized for making pigment powder.

2.6.3 AZO Pigments (BON Pigment): Rubine 57.1

Diazotization

Derivatives of amino benzene sulphonic acid react with sodium nitrite in presence of HCl at about 0 – 10ºC in ice / water yield diazonium salt.

Coupling

Diazonium Salt reacted with BON acid at about 5–25ºC in ice/ water yield pigment. Generally surfactant is used for controlling the particle size during coupling reaction. However it is not true for all the cases.

Rosination and Laking

Rosination is done by adding alkaline rosin solution in the pigment slurry before filtration. During rosination pigment particles get coated with rosin. Rosination is carried out where it is required and also depends on the application where the pigment is used.

Laking is done by reacting pigment with Calcium or Barium Salt.

2.6.4 Phthalocynine Pigment (ß– Blue)

Ball Milling

Crude Copper Phthalocynine is converted into ß form by grinding it through a ball mill. Different grinding times give different products, which are used for different applications.

Solvent Treatment and Purification

Grinded CPC is treated with solvent into the reactor. Solvent is removed by distillation. Resultant reaction mass is treated with suitable acidic media in water. The resultant slurry is filtered through filter press and Pigment was isolated in the form of Press Cakes.

D 2-1 refers the manufacturing process.

ORGANIC COATINGS LTD. EIA, EMP, RA & DMP FOR PROPOSED PROJECT OF PRINTING

INK, INK CONCENTRATE & PIGMENTS INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND


24





25

D 2-1 : Flow Chart for Making Paste Ink





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2.6.5 Mass Balance

Mass Balance for Pigment Yellow 12

Table 2-2: Mass Balance for Pigment Yellow 12 (Beads)

Sr. No.

Input/MT of Product Raw Material Quantity (MT)

1 Process Water 15.00 2 Water for Washing 23.00 3 3 3-Dichloro Benzidine 0.75

4 Aceto Acet Anilide 0.54 5 Sodium Nitrite 0.42 6 Hydrochloric Acid 1.19

7 Caustic Lye 2.04 8 Hyflo 0.01 9 Acetic Acid 0.79 10 Sulphamic Acid 0.02 11 Aluminum Sulphate 0.09 12 Turkey Red Oil 0.02 13 Ink Vehicle 1.24 14 Mineral Oil 0.14 15 Rosin WW 0.14

Total (Ton) 45.39

Sr. No.

Output/MT of product Remark

Product Liquid Effluent

Air Emission

Recovery / Product

Solid Waste

1 Pigment Yellow 12 Beads - - 2.38 - Product Equivalent to

1.0 MT of Pig Y 12 2 Water in Product 2.00 - - -

3 Hyflo Sludge - - - 0.01 Sent to authorized Disposal site

4 Effluent Discharge 41.00 - - - Sent to ETP

Total (Ton) 43.00 2.38 0.01

Total (Ton) 45.39





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Table 2-3: Mass Balance of Flush Based on Pigment Yellow 12

Sr. No.


1 Pigment Y 12 Beads 4.38 2 Plain Varnish 0.04

3 Alkyd 0.17 4 Mineral Oil 0.12 5 Additive 0.07

6 Water for Washing 12.00

Total (Ton) 16.78

Sr. No.



Air Emission

Recovery / Product

Solid Waste

1 Flush Based on Pig Y 12 - - 2.780 - Product


Total (Ton) 14.00 2.78

Total (Ton) 16.78

Table 2-4: Mass Balance of Ink Based on Pigment Yellow 12

Sr. No.


1 Flush Based on Pig Y 12 2.7700

2 Plain Varnish 2.3600 3 Mineral Oil 1.7880 4 Dryers 0.0810

5 Clay Compound 1.2495 6 Waxes 0.0810

Total (Ton) 8.33

S. No.



Air Emission

Recovery / Product

Solid Waste

1 Ink Based on Pig Y 12 - - 8.325 - Product

2 Spillages - - - 0.0083 Sent to authorized Disposal site

Total (Ton) 8.33 0.01

Total (Ton) 8.33





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Mass Balance for Pigment Rubine 57.1 Table 2-5: Mass Balance for Pigment Rubine 57.1 (Beads)

Sr. No.


1 Process Water 17 2 Water for Washing 25 3 4B Acid 0.366 4 Calcium Chloride 0.325 5 Sodium Nitrite 0.139 6 Bon Acid 0.38 7 Caustic Lye 0.708

8 Hydrochloric Acid 0.846 9 Rosin N 0.319

Total (Ton) 45.08

Sr. No.



Air Emission

Recovery / Product

Solid Waste

1 Pigment Rubine 57.1 Beads - 2.083 -

Product Equivalent to 1.0 MT of Pig R 57.1

2 Water in Product 2.000 - - - 3 Effluent Discharge 41.000 - - - Sent to ETP

Total (Ton) 43.00 2.08 0.00

Total (Ton) 45.08

Table 2-6: Mass Balance for Flush Based on Pigment Rubine 57.1

Sr. No.


1 Pigment R 57.1 Beads 4.083 2 Alkyd 0.17 3 Mineral Oil 0.312 4 Additive 0.064 5 Water for Washing 12

Total (Ton) 16.63

Sr. No.



Air Emission

Recovery / Product

Solid Waste

1 Flush Based on Pig R 57.1 - - 2.63 - Product


Total (Ton) 14.00 2.63

Total (Ton) 16.63





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Table 2-7: Mass Balance for Ink Based on Pigment Rubine 57.1

Sr. No.


1 Flush Based on Pig R 57.1 2.7 2 Plain Varnish 2.4

3 Mineral Oil 1.81 4 Dryers 0.086 5 Clay Compound 1.25

6 Waxes 0.086

Total (Ton) 8.33

Sr. No.



Air Emission

Recovery / Product

Solid Waste

1 Ink Based on Pig R 57.1 - - 8.3250 - Product


Total (Ton) 8.33 0.0083

Total (Ton) 8.33

Mass Balance for Pigment Blue 15.3 Table 2-8: Mass Balance for Pigment Blue 15.3

Sr. No.


1 Process Water 9.8130 2 Water for Washing 33.0000 3 Copper Phthalo Cyanine 0.9500 4 Caustic Flakes 0.0551 5 Rosin WW 0.0378

6 Mix Xylene 0.0800 Total (Ton) 43.94

Sr. No.



Air Emission

Recovery / Product

Solid Waste

1 Pigment Blue Press Cake - 1.000 - Product

2 Water in Product 1.857 - - -

3 Recovered Xylene - 0.076 0.01

Recycled and Mix with the Fresh Xylene.


Total (Ton) 42.86 1.08 0.01

Total (Ton) 43.94





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Table 2-9: Mass Balance for Flush Based on Pigment Blue 15.3

Sr. No.


1 Pigment B 15.3 Press Cake 2.857 2 Plain Varnish 0.8

3 Alkyd 0.32 4 Mineral Oil 0.31 5 Additive 0.07

6 Water for Washing 12.143

Total (Ton) 16.50

Sr. No.



Air Emission

Recovery / Product

Solid Waste

1 Flush Based on Pig B 15.3 - - 2.500 - Product


Total (Ton) 14.00 2.50

Total (Ton) 16.50

Table 2-10: Mass Balance for Ink Based on Pigment Blue 15.3

Sr. No.


1 Flush Based on Pig B 15.3 2.5 2 Plain Varnish 2.5

3 Mineral Oil 1.81 4 Dryers 0.084 5 Clay Compound 1.35

6 Waxes 0.086

Total (Ton) 8.33

Sr. No.



Air Emission

Recovery / Product

Solid Waste

1 Ink Based on Pig B 15.3 - - 8.325 - Product


Total (Ton) 8.33 0.01

Total (Ton) 8.33

ORGANIC COATINGS LTD. EIA, EMP, RA & DMP FOR PRINTING INK, INK CONCENTRATE AND PIGMENTS MANUFACTURING PLANT

PROJECT DETAILS


31

2.7 Solvent Recovery Plant (Beta Blue 15.3)

Mixed xylene is used as solvent in the reactor for the production of Beta Blue 15.3 along with other raw material at temperature varying from R.T to 980C. Once the reaction is completed, mixed xylene is recovered through double stage condenser using cooled water circulation. Recovered xylene is used back in next batch.


PROJECT DETAILS


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2.8 Properties of Raw Materials and Final Products

Properties of Raw Materials and Final Products are given in Table 2-11.

Table 2-11: Properties of Raw Materials

S. No.

Raw Material/ Products

Formula State Odour Mol. wt

(g/mole)

Flash Point (0C)

Melting Point (0C)

Boiling Point (0C)

IDLH(ppm) Stability Hazard Colour Sp. Gr.

(g/cc)UEL%

LEL%

Odour Threshold

(ppm)

RAW MATERIALS

1. Copper Phthalocynine C32 H16CuN8 Powder Odourless 576.05 NA 480 NA 100

mg/m3 Stable Non flammable Blue 1.5 NA NA NA

2. Caustic Flakes NaOH Flakes Odourless 40 NA 317.78 1390 10

mg/m3 Stable Non-combustible White 2.13 NA NA NA

3. Rosin NA Solid Mild turpentine NA 26.67 78 82.22 NA Stable Combustible Light

Yellow 1.08 at 25oC 12 2 NA

4. Xylene C6H4(CH3)2 Liquid Aromatic Hydrocarbon 106 27 12 138 900 Stable Highly

flammable Colourless 0.86 7 1.1 0.62

5. 4B Acid C7H9NSo3 Powder - 187 - - - - - - - - - - -

6. Calcium Chloride CaCl2 Powder Odourless 110.99

Solute NA 782 >1600 NA Stable Non-flammable White 2.15 at

20oC NA NA NA

7. Sodium Nitrite NaNO2 Powder Odourless 69 NA 271.11 Decomposes

at 320 NA Stable Non-flammable White 2.17 at

20oC NA NA NA

8. Bon Acid C11H8O3 Powder - 188 - - - - - - - - - - -

9. Acetoacetanilide C10H11NO2 Powder NA 177.2 162 86 >400 NA Stable Flammable White 1.26 NA NA NA

10. Dichloro benzidine C12H10Cl2N2 Powder NA 253.13 186 133 402 NA Stable Flammable Grey NA NA NA NA

11. Aluminium Sulphate

Al2O12S3 (14-16)H2O Powder Odourless

342.14 + (14-16)

H2O NA NA NA NA Stable Non-

flammable Off white 1.61 NA NA NA

12. Hydrochloric Acid HCl Liquid Pungent 36.46 NA 10 NA Stable Non-

flammable Clear,

Colorless 1 NA NA NA

13. Caustic Lye NaOH Liquid Odour less 40 12 139 NA Stable Non-

flammable Clear,

Colorless 1.52 NA NA NA

14. Glacial Acetic Acid C2H4O2 Liquid Strong 60.05 43 16.5 118.1 50 Stable

Flammable, Combustabl

e Colorless 1.049 4 19.9 NA

15. Ink Varnishes

Mixture containing resins and

Liquid Mild odour Between 5000 to 40000

Non-flammab

le - 250 to 400 NA Stable Non-

flammable

Colorless to light yellow

~1.2 – 1.35 NA NA NA


PROJECT DETAILS


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S. No.

Raw Material/ Products

Formula State Odour Mol. wt

(g/mole)

Flash Point (0C)

Melting Point (0C)

Boiling Point (0C)

IDLH(ppm) Stability Hazard Colour Sp. Gr.

(g/cc)UEL%

LEL%

Odour Threshold

(ppm) oil

16. Alkyds - Liquid Mild odour

Wide rangebetween 3000 to 5000

Non-flammab

le - 150 to 250 NA Stable Non-

flammable


~1.1 – 1.25 NA NA NA

17. Mineral Oil - Liquid Odourless - Non-

flammable

- 250 to 400 NA Stable Non-flammable


~0.9 – 1.0 NA NA NA

Products

1

Pigment Yellow, Pigment Rubine

and Pigment

Blue

- Solid Odourless - Non-

flammable

- - NA Stable

Non-flammable, Inert and

non hazardous

Yellow, Red and Blue - NA NA NA

2 Ink

Concentrates

- Semi solid Mild odour -

Non-flammab

le - - NA Stable


non hazardous

Yellow, Red and Blue - NA NA NA

3 Prinking Ink - Liquid Mild odour -

Non-flammab

le - - NA Stable


non hazardous

Yellow, Red and Blue 1.4 NA NA NA

ORGANIC COATINGS LTD. EIA, EMP, RA & DMP FOR PRINTING INK, INK CONCENTRATE AND

PIGMENTS MANUFACTURING PLANT

PROJECT DETAILS


34

2.9 Means of Storage and Transportation of Raw Materials and Final Products

Details of means of transportation of proposed raw materials and final product is provided in Table 2-12. The details included are:

• Raw material to be used

• Quantities

• Source of supply

• Means of transportation

• Maximum quantity transported per month


PROJECT DETAILS


35

Table 2-12: Storage Details of Raw materials/Products

S. No

Chemicals State Consumption

in MT/Month

Hazard Involved

Means of

Storage

Operating Condition (Storage) Capacity of

Vessel/Bag in Kg

No of Vessels/

Bag

Storage Capacity,

MT Pressure Temp

Kg/Cm2 °C

Raw Materials

1. 4B Acid Powder 11 Corrosive Bag Atmospheric Ambient 25 1600 40 2. Acetoacetanilide Powder 16.2 Non corrosive Bag Atmospheric Ambient 25 2400 60 3. Additive Solid 29.7 Non Hazardous Bag Atmospheric Ambient 25 600 15 4. Alkyds Liquid 7.2 Non Flammable Tank Atmospheric Ambient 10000 2 20 5. Aluminum Sulphate Powder 2 Non corrosive Bag Atmospheric Ambient 50 20 1 6. Bon Acid Powder 11 Corrosive Bag Atmospheric Ambient 25 1600 40 7. Calcium Chloride Powder 10 Corrosive Bag Atmospheric Ambient 40 150 6 8. Caustic Flakes Flakes 1.65 Corrosive Bag Atmospheric Ambient 50 10 0.5 9. Caustic Lye Liquid 53.6 Corrosive Tank Atmospheric Ambient 10000 1 10 10. Clay Solid 111.4 Non Hazardous Bag Atmospheric Ambient 50 1200 60 11. Copper Phthalocynine Powder 30 Non Flammable Bag Atmospheric Ambient 25 720 18 12. Dichloro Benzidine Powder 11.2 Corrosive Bag Atmospheric Ambient 35 1143 40 13. Glacial Acetic Acid Liquid 12 Corrosive Tank Atmospheric Ambient 10000 1 10 14. Hydrochloric Acid Liquid 48 Corrosive Tank Atmospheric Ambient 10000 1 10 15. Ink Varnishes Liquid 500 Non Flammable Tank Atmospheric Ambient 20000 4 80 16. Mineral Oil Liquid 83.2 Non Flammable Tank Atmospheric Ambient 10000 3 30 17. Rosin Solid 8.3 Non Flammable Drum Atmospheric Ambient 200 25 5 18. Sodium Nitrite Powder 10 Corrosive Bag Atmospheric Ambient 50 120 6 19. Xylene Liquid 5 Flammable Drum Atmospheric Ambient 200 15 3


PROJECT DETAILS


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S. No

Chemicals State Consumption

in MT/Month

Hazard Involved

Means of

Storage

Operating Condition (Storage) Capacity of

Vessel/Bag in Kg

No of Vessels/

Bag

Storage Capacity,

MT Pressure Temp

Kg/Cm2 °C

Finished Products

1. Pigment Yellow, Pigment Rubine and Pigment Blue Solid 90 Non Hazardous Bags Atmospheric Ambient 100 250 25

2. Ink Concentrates Paste 225 Non Hazardous Bags Atmospheric Ambient 400 62.5 25 3. Finished Ink Paste 750 Non Hazardous Drums Atmospheric Ambient 50 5000 250


PROJECT DETAILS


37

Table 2-13: Transportation Details of Raw Material and Products

S. No. Raw material

Chemical Name and Formula

State Source of Supply

Means of Transportation

Distance of the supplier from the Project Site, Km.

Max. Qty. Transported

per Day (MTM)

Raw Materials

1. Copper Phthalocynine Copper

Phthalocynine Crude, C32H18N8

Powder Local Road 50 9

2. Caustic Flakes Sodium

Hydroxide, NaOH

Flakes Local Road 50 2

3. Rosin - Solid Local Road 300 8

4. Xylene Xylene Liquid Local Road 50 0.2

5. 4B Acid

6 Amino meta Toluene

Sulphonic Acid, C7H9NSO3

Powder Imported Sea - 9

6. Calcium Chloride Calcium Chloride, CaCl2


7. Sodium Nitrite Sodium Nitrite, NaNO2


8. Bon Acid 3 Hydroxy-2-

Naphthoic Acid, C11H8O3


9. Acetoacetanilide Aceto Acet

Anilide, C10H11NO2


10. Dichloro benzidine 3-3' Dichloro Benzidine, C12H10Cl2N2


11. Aluminium Sulphate Aluminium Sulphate, Al2SO4



PROJECT DETAILS


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S. No. Raw material

Chemical Name and Formula

State Source of Supply

Means of Transportation

Distance of the supplier from the Project Site, Km.

Max. Qty. Transported

per Day (MTM)

12. Hydrochloric Acid Hydrochloric Acid, HCl Liquid Local Road 50 10

13. Caustic Lye Caustic Soda Lye, NaOH Liquid Local Road 50 10

14. Glacial Acetic Acid Glacial Acetic Acid, CH3COOH Liquid Local Road 50 10

15. Ink Varnishes - Liquid Local Road 600 10

16. Alkyds - Liquid Local Road 600 10

17. Mineral Oil - Liquid Local Road 300 10

18. Additive - Solid Local Road 300 3

19. Clay Aluminum Silicate, Al2Si4

Solid Local Road 300 3

Final Products

1. Pigment Yellow, Pigment

Rubine and Pigment Blue

Pigment Yellow 12, C32H26Cl2N6O4

Pigment Rubine 57.1,

C18H12N2SO6Ca Pigment Blue 15.3,

C32H18N8

Solid Own Product -

As per customer requirement

2. Ink Concentrates - Paste Own Product -

3. Finished Ink - Paste Own Product -

ORGANIC COATINGS LTD. EIA, EMP, RA & DMP FOR PROPOSED PROJECT OF PRINTING INK,

INK CONCENTRATE & PIGMENTS

PROJECT DETAILS

KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS 39 MARCH 2011

2.10 Utilities and Power

2.10.1 Power

1341 kVA power will be contract demand and will be supplied by Madhya Gujarat Vij Company Ltd. One standby DG Set of 165 kVA will be provided for emergency power.

2.10.2 Details of Fuel Used

The details of fuels used for the project are given in Table 2-14.

Table 2-14: Fuel Details

S. No. Source Type of Fuel used Fuel consumption

1 Boiler Furnace Oil 2500 Lit/day

2 Thermic Fluid Heater Furnace Oil 80 Kl/Month

3 DG Set (165 kVA) LDO 12 Kl/Month

2.10.3 Details of Fuel Storage

The storage details of the fuel are given in Table 2-15.

Table 2-15: Fuel Storage Details

Fuel Method of storage

Operating Condition Capacity of Vessel (KL)

No. of Vessels Press.

Kg/cm2 Temp.0C

FO Tank Atmospheric Ambient 25 1

LDO Tank Atmospheric Ambient 15 1

2.10.4 Mode of Transportation of Fuel

Table 2-16 provides the details regarding transportation of the fuel from the source.

Table 2-16: Source and Transportation Details of fuels

Fuel Source of Supply Means of Transportation

FO Local Truck/Tempo

LDO Local Truck/Tempo

2.11 Water and Wastewater Management

2.11.1 Source of Raw Water Supply

Water requirement is sourced from bore well. After proposed production water will be sourced from bore well. The unit is not falling in critical zone specified by CGWA. So, no special permission will be required to abstract groundwater.

2.11.2 Water Requirement for the Project

After commencement of the project water demand will be 250 KL/D. Water consumption pattern for the proposed project is given in Table 2-17.



PROJECT DETAILS


Table 2-17: Total Water Requirement for the Project

S. No. Water Consumption Area In KLD

1 Domestic 9 2 Industrial i. Processing 198 ii Boiler 30 iii. Cooling 5 iv. Washing/ Decontamination 2 v. Other Use - Gardening 6 TOTAL 250

2.11.3 Waste Water Generation

Wastewater generation pattern is given vide Table 2-18.

Table 2-18: Wastewater Generation Pattern

S No. Effluent Generation Area In KLD Remark

1 Domestic Total 8 Domestic Sewage Will be disposed off in Soak Pit

2 Industrial

Industrial Effluent will be treated in effluent treatment

plant then disposed off in ECPL

i. Processing 181.5

ii Boiler 3

iii. Cooling 0.5

iv. Washing / Decontamination 2

v. Other Use - Gardening NIL

Industrial Total 187.0

D 2-2 : Water Balance Diagram

Total Water Consumption

250

Process 198

Cooling 5

Gardening 6

Washing/Decontamination

2

Boiler 30

3181.5 8

To ETP 187

Ultimately Discharge into Marine Disposal through ECP

Channel

0.5 2

Domestic 9

Soak Pit

All Values are expressed in KLD



PROJECT DETAILS


2.11.4 Wastewater Management

Basic Design of the Effluent Treatment Plant (75 KLD)

The ETP is designed for a flow of 75 KLD. The basic designs of the various units are as under:

1. Screen Chamber: (Existing) (1 No.)

The effluent will be conveyed by means of gravity and discharged into a screen chamber of size 0.6 m x 0.6 m x 0.85 m SWD. The chamber is provided with fine screen for arresting the floating matter and bigger size of suspended matter. From this chamber the effluent will flow under gravity to the equalization tank.

2. Equalization Tank: (Existing) (1 No.)

The effluent from Screen chamber will flow under gravity to the equalization tank. This tank is provided for dual purposes. The prime purpose is that the effluent is equalized in this tank, so as to have constant load onto the further treatment units. Secondly the plain aeration is provided in this tank for mixing and aeration purposes. A blower system with coarse bubble aeration is provided in this tank for aeration and mixing requirements. The equalization tank is provided with a total retention time of 12 hrs. Size of the equalization tank is 4.0m x 4.0 m x 2.3 m SWD + 1.7 m F. B. Equalization tank will be made into two compartments.

3. Neutralization tanks: (Proposed) (2 Nos.)

The equalized effluent from Equalization tank will be subjected to dosing of lime, alum and poly electrolyte. Lime will neutralize the pH of effluent and alum along with polyelectrolyte will help in flocculation and precipitation of dissolved solids. The dosing of chemicals will be done by three tanks provided for each chemical with agitating facility for lime and alum dosing tank. The size of the tank will be 2.4m x 2.4m x 2.2m SWD+ 0.3mF.B, having a total detention time of 8 hrs.

4. Primary Settling Tank: (Proposed) (1 No.)

The effluent from neutralization tank will be pumped directly into the Primary Settling Tank for removal of settled chemical sludge formed during neutralization and coagulation in Neutralization Tank. The size of Primary settling tank will be 2.60m x 2.00m x 2.15m + 1.3m H.B.+ 0.3m F.B.+ 0.3m S.B. having a detention time of 1.6 hrs. The sludge settled in bottom sludge box shall be discharged into the sludge drying beds. Effluent from Primary settling tank will be discharged under gravity into the Aeration tank.

5. Aeration tank – 1 (Existing) (1 No.)

Aeration tank is provided with diffused aeration system for providing required amount of dissolve oxygen for microbial activity. MLSS level of 2500 mg/lit shall be maintained in the aeration tank and a retention time of 22.68 hrs. will be provided. Size of Aeration Tank is 4.5m x 4.5m x 3.5mSWD + 0.5m F.B. Effluent from aeration tank will be discharged under gravity into the Secondary Settling tank. The height of Aeration tank will be increased by 0.8m.

6. Secondary Clarifier (Existing) (1 No.)

The biological sludge generated in Aeration tank will be allowed to settle in Secondary Clarifier. Hopper bottom is provided to facilitated settling and collection of biological sludge. This sludge is pumped out and collected in sludge drying beds and part of this sludge is re-circulated into the aeration tank to maintain the MLSS level in aeration tank. The size of the Secondary Clarifier will be 4m dia. x 2.50m SWD + 0.5m F.B. + 0.3m SB., having a detention time of 10 hrs. Effluent from secondary clarifier will be discharged under gravity into the Intermediate collection tank.



PROJECT DETAILS


7. Intermediate Collection Tank: (Proposed) (1 No.)

The clarified effluent from Secondary Clarifier will be discharged under gravity into the Intermediate Collection Tank. Size of the tank is 2.5m x 2.5mx 3m SWD + 0.3 m F.B. A retention time of 6 hours is provided. Effluent from Intermediate Collection Tank will be pumped to the Pressure Sand Filter.

8. Pressure Sand Filter (Proposed) (1 No.)

A PSF is provided as a form of tertiary treatment for removal of residual suspended solids. It is of 7.5cum. per hr capacity. The filter consists of different gradations of gravel and sand bed. The filter is provided with necessary valve arrangements for inflow and outflow and backwashing of the system. The backwash water of the system shall be taken to the equalization Tank under gravity. The final treated effluent after PSF is taken into the Activated Carbon Filter (ACF).

9. Activated Carbon Filter (Proposed) (1 No.)

An ACF is provided as a form of tertiary treatment for removal of odour and color of capacity 7.5 cum. per hr. The filter consists of different gradations of activated carbon bed. The filter is provided with necessary valve arrangements for inflow and outflow and backwashing of the system. The backwash water of the system shall be taken to the equalization Tank under gravity. The final treated effluent after ACF is taken into the Final Collection tank.

10. Final Collection Tank: (Proposed) (1 No.)

A final collection tank is provided for collection of final treated effluent. The tank acts as intermediate storage before final use of treated effluents. The tank is provided with a retention time of 3 days. The size of the tank will be 8.7 m X 8.7 m X 3 m SWD+ 0.3m F.B.

11. Sludge Drying Beds: (Existing) (2 Nos.)

The sludge drying beds are of Brick Masonry Structure made for solar drying of the chemical and waste biological sludge. The sludge drying beds are designed for sludge application depth of 0.3 m and seven days of retention for solar drying of sludge. The dried sludge containing a moisture content of around 20 – 30% will be packed in HDPE/LDPE Bags and further stored in Hazardous Waste Storage Room before disposal to the secured landfill site. The size of each bed is 6.9 m X 5.5 m X 0.8 m.

Basic Design of the Effluent Treatment Plant (150 KLD):

For designing the ETP for a flow of 150 KLD, the basic designs of the proposed units in the existing ETP are as under:

1. Aeration tank – 2 (Proposed) (1 No.)

Due to high flow (150 KLD) in the given ETP, second stage aeration will be provided for further reduction in COD load. This Aeration tank is also provided with diffused aeration system for providing required amount of dissolve oxygen for microbial activity. MLSS level of 2500 mg/lit shall be maintained in the aeration tank and a retention time of 22.68 hrs. The size of aeration tank will be 4.5m x 4.5m x 3.5m SWD + 0.5m F.B.

2. Secondary Settling tank: (Proposed) (1 No.)

The biological sludge generated in Aeration tank - 2 will be allowed to settle in Secondary Settling tank. Hopper bottom is provided to facilitated settling and collection of biological sludge. This sludge is pumped out and collected in sludge drying beds and part of this sludge is re-circulated into the aeration tank to maintain the MLSS level in aeration tank. The size of Secondary Settling tank will be 2.20m x 1.50m x 2.15m + 1.05m H.B. + 0.3m F.B. + 0.3m SB., having a detention time of 2.8 hrs. Effluent from Secondary Settling Tank will be discharged under gravity to the Intermediate collection tank.



PROJECT DETAILS


Basic Design of the Effluent Treatment Plant (225 KLD)

For designing the ETP for a flow of 225 KLD, the basic designs of the proposed units in the existing ETP are as under:

1. Equalization Tank: (Proposed) (1 No.)

The effluent from Screen chamber will flow under gravity to the equalization tank. This tank is provided for dual purposes. The prime purpose is that the effluent is equalized in this tank, so as to have constant load onto the further treatment units. Secondly the plain aeration is provided in this tank for mixing and aeration purposes. A blower system with coarse bubble aeration is provided in this tank for aeration and mixing requirements. The equalization tank is provided with a total retention time of 12 hrs. Size of the equalization tank is 4.0m x 4.0 m x 2.3 m SWD + 1.7 m F. B. Equalization tank will be made into two compartments.

2. Aeration tank – 3 (Proposed) (1 No.)

Due to high flow (225 KLD) in the given ETP, third stage aeration will be provided for further reduction in COD load. This Aeration tank is also provided with diffused aeration system for providing required amount of dissolve oxygen for microbial activity. MLSS level of 2500 mg/lit shall be maintained in the aeration tank and a retention time of 22.68 hrs. The size of aeration tank will be 4.5m x 4.5m x 3.5m SWD + 0.5m F.B.

3. Final Settling tank: (Proposed) (1 No.)

The biological sludge generated in Aeration tank - 3 will be allowed to settle in Final Settling tank. Hopper bottom is provided to facilitated settling and collection of biological sludge. This sludge is pumped out and collected in sludge drying beds and part of this sludge is re-circulated into the aeration tank to maintain the MLSS level in aeration tank. The size of Final Settling tank will be 2.30m x 1.60m x 2.15m + 1.10m H.B. + 0.3m F.B. + 0.3m SB., having a detention time of 3.2 hrs. Effluent from Final Settling Tank will be discharged under gravity to the Intermediate collection tank.

4. Pressure Sand Filter (Proposed) (1 No.)

A PSF is provided as a form of tertiary treatment for removal of residual suspended solids. It is of 7.5cum. per hr capacity. The filter consists of different gradations of gravel and sand bed. The filter is provided with necessary valve arrangements for inflow and outflow and backwashing of the system. The backwash water of the system shall be taken to the equalization Tank under gravity. The final treated effluent after PSF is taken into the Activated Carbon Filter (ACF).

5. Activated Carbon Filter (Proposed) (1 No.)

An ACF is provided as a form of tertiary treatment for removal of odour and color of capacity 7.5 cum. per hr. The filter consists of different gradations of activated carbon bed. The filter is provided with necessary valve arrangements for inflow and outflow and backwashing of the system. The backwash water of the system shall be taken to the equalization Tank under gravity. The final treated effluent after ACF is taken into the Final Collection tank.



PROJECT DETAILS


D 2-3 : Flow Diagram of Effluent Treatment Plant Colour is not likely to be present in a major way for this project, however in case of mild coloration of effluent, the following is proposed: addition of chelating agent to cause agglomeration of colour causing suspended solids, followed by passing the effluent through a micro crystalline powder carbon bed.

2.11.5 Inlet and Outlet Characteristics

Table 2-19: Characteristics of ETP

S. No.

Parameter Result ECPL Inlet

Norms Inlet Outlet

1. COD in mg/l 3500 mg/l 234 mg/l 250 mg/l

2. BOD in mg/l 1050 mg/l 70 mg/l 100 mg/l

Note: data is taken from the same type of Industry.

2.11.6 Mode of Final Discharge of Treated Effluents

Liquid effluent from process and utility will be pumped to influent storage tank and will be treated in the Effluent Treatment Plant within the plant premises. Effluent will be collected in final storage tank. From there it will be disposed into the estuary of River Mahi via channel of M/s. ECPL. Domestic effluent will be disposed off in soak pits. The unit has already obtained the membership of ECPL for the disposal of treated effluent up to 60 KLD and has applied to ECPL for increasing the load up to 190 KLD.



PROJECT DETAILS


D 2-4: Membership Certificate of ECPL for Effluent Disposal upto 60 KLD



PROJECT DETAILS


D 2-5: Application Letter to ECPL to increase the Effluent Disposal load up to 190 KLD.



PROJECT DETAILS


2.12 Rain Water Harvesting

Rainwater harvesting is a mechanism involved in collecting, storing and using rainwater when it is most needed. A rainwater harvesting system comprises of various stages - transporting rainwater through pipes or drains, filtration, and storage in tanks for reuse or recharge.

There are five components in a rainwater harvesting system namely catchment, conveyance, filtration, storage and recharge.

2.12.1 Advantages of Rain Water Harvesting

There are various advantages of Rain Water recharging from which some of those are listed below:

1. Freshwater uptake is reduced as it allows use of rainwater in case of scarcity

2. Solution to water scarcity problems

3. Effective rise in ground water levels

4. Inexpensive and simple technology

5. It’s economical and energy saving as it prevents extraction of water from depleting ground water table

6. Provides high quality water, having low mineral content

7. Easy operation and maintenance

8. Reduces soil erosion

2.12.2 Design of Rain Water Harvesting

Quantity of Rain water collected depends upon:

1. Average rainfall intensity

2. Catchment area

3. Run-off coefficient

2.12.3 Design Calculations

Rainfall in Region: 922.7 mm/yr

Co-efficient and Factor Adopted:

1. Factor for terrace and roof top: 0.9 to 0.95

2. Factor for roads and paved areas: 0.9 to 1.00

3. Factor for garden, parks and green areas : 0.15 to 0.75

(Source: concepts and practices for rain water harvesting CPCB)

Retention Time in Recharge Well

(10 - 15) min per hour

Volume of Harvesting Pit

Q * Retention Time

Where,

Q = Catchment Area x Harvesting Factor x Rainfall intensity (mm/ hour)



PROJECT DETAILS


2.12.4 Components for Rain Water Harvesting Scheme

Catchment

The Catchment of a water harvesting system is the surface which directly receives rainfall. It can be a paved area like Terrace of a building or an unpaved area like lawn or open ground.

Manhole

Manholes are Brick Masonry Structure placed in between the Drainage line so that some percentage of water gets percolated directly through manhole. Percolation of rain water through manhole depends upon the permeability of the soil.

Each manhole, in this case, contributes around 10% of percolation depending on soil permeability.

Conduits/Pipeline

Conduits are pipelines or drains that carry Rain Water from the Catchment area to Rain Harvesting System.

De-silting Chamber

The rainwater first enters the de-silting chamber where the silt and floating oil gets separated from the flow. This oil is manually removed by scrapping from the top of the chamber and then overflows into the filtering chamber. The filtering chamber consists of pebbles, which further filters the rainwater before diverting it into the recharge well.

Filter Media in Rain Water Harvesting Pit

The filter is used to remove suspended pollutant from rainwater collected. A filter unit is a chamber filled with filtering media such as course sand, gravels, etc. to remove suspended material before it enters the recharge structure.

Recharge Structure

Rain water will be charged into ground water aquifers through recharge structure. It conducts water to a greater depth from where it joins the ground water.

2.12.5 Rainwater Harvesting Scheme

Rainwater harvesting scheme is given below.



PROJECT DETAILS


Rain water harvesting location is shown in Map 2.1.

2.12.6 Rainwater harvesting Quantity

• The plot area is 8631 m2

• Considering average rainfall 922.7 mm/year

• The total annual catchment's precipitation is estimated to be 7963 m3.

• Assuming an expected recovery of up to 60%, the total rainwater that can be harvested annually will be about 4777 m3.

• Average rainwater harvested / day: ~13.0 KLD

• So, the unit is recharging 5.2% of groundwater drawn.



PROJECT DETAILS


2.12.7 Methods for Water Conservation

• Rainwater harvesting will be done

• The unit will try to increase efficiency of cooling tower vacuum system.

• Increase in boiler feed water efficiency



PROJECT DETAILS


2.13 Atmospheric Emissions

2.13.1 Stack Details

Stack details are given in

Table 2-20.

Table 2-20: Stack Details

Flue Gas Stacks

Stack attached to (source) Stack Height Provided (m)

Stack Height as per CPCB (m)

Boiler 19 18.47

Thermic Fluid Heater 19 19.10

D G Set 165 KVA 9 8.6

Process Vents

Stack attached to (source) Stack Height (m)

HCL Scrubber 9

2.14 Solid and Hazardous Waste Management

2.14.1 Details of Hazardous Waste Generated

The details regarding hazardous waste generated at the project site is provided in Table 2-21.

Table 2-21: Types of Hazardous Waste Generated

S. No.

Waste Stream Waste Cat. No. As per

2003

Generation per Month

Source Disposal Method

1 Acidic Sludge of High flow Super

cell

21.1 300 Kg. Process Sent to Authorized TSDF, Nandesari

2 Cotton Waste- Oily

5.2 300 Kg Process Sent to Authorized TSDF, Nandesari

3 ETP Sludge 34.3 900 Kg ETP Sent to Authorized TSDF, Nandesari

4 Empty Bags 33.3 150 Kg Raw material

Sent to Registered Recycler

5 Used Containers 33.0 300 Nos. Raw Material

Sent to Registered Recycler

6 Distillation Residue

36.4 0.01 MT Process Sent to Authorized TSDF, Nandesari

7 Distillation Residue 36.4 10 kg Process Sent to Authorized TSDF, Nandesari

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PROJECT DETAILS


2.15 Pollution Load Statement

Pollution load statement for the various activities of OCL is presented in Table 2-22.

Table 2-22: Pollution Load Statement

S. No.

Descriptor Unit Proposed

1. Land Area m2 8631

2. Raw water consumption (Domestic) m3/day 9

3. Raw water consumption (Industrial)) m3/day 250

4. Power Consumption KVA 1341

5. Wastewater (Industrial) m3/day 187

6. Wastewater (Domestic) m3/day 8

7. Flue Gas Stack Emission

a. PM Kg/hr 0.167

b. SO2 Kg/hr 5.337

c. NOx Kg/hr 0.617

8. Chemical Storage m2 117.18

9.

Solid waste (Hazardous)/Month

ETP Sludge kg/Month 900

Acid Sludge of Highflow Supercell kg/Month 300

Cotton Waste Oily kg/Month 300

Empty Bags kg/Month 150

Used Containers Nos./Month 300

Distillation Residue kg/Month 10

Mitigation Measures to be Adopted

• Hazardous waste will be sent to an authorized TSDF at Nandesari

• All hazardous wastes shall be securely stored, under a shed for eventual transportation to the authorized TSDF

• There will be no disposal of untreated water on land

• Treated water will be sent to the ECPL for the final disposal

• The solid domestic waste shall be stored within the premises temporarily and then sent to Common Solid Waste disposal facility

2.16 Occupational Health and Industrial Hygiene

There are many hazards involved in the production of Inks and Pigment. Major occupational health and safety hazards anticipated are during handling of chemicals.

These substances are mainly in the form of dust particles. Other hazards involve the use of:

• Mechanical equipment

• Manual handling (Batch charging, Loading-unloading of raw materials, intermediates and products)

2.16.1 Major Occupational Health and Safety hazards

• Falls on floors made slippery by aqueous solutions or solvents



PROJECT DETAILS


• Electric shock caused by contact with faulty electrical equipment, cables, etc.

• Burns by splashes of chemicals, by steam or hot vapors, by contact with hot surfaces

• Chemical exposure can occur when residue liquid, products, intermediates and sludge is removed from the equipment.

2.16.2 Provisions Proposed to Conform to Health/Safety Requirements

Provision for following matters need to be made:

• Checking packaging or container labels and material safety data sheets;

• Regular communication between workers, supervisors and employers about likely hazards; Regular training to all concerned people.

• Regular inspection of workplaces, plant and equipment;

• Regular review of tasks and procedures; and

• Checking of previous incident and injury records for recurring situations.

• Job risk analysis

• Enclosed systems for chemicals, relocation of employees or physical barriers

• Storing hazardous substances in a lockable, enclosed area with adequate ventilation

• Limiting access to chemical storage areas to authorized people only

• Ensuring all labels remain intact on containers and packaging

• Where possible, pump chemicals into plating tanks rather than pouring manually from containers

• Separate list of poisonous chemicals/gases and its antidotes will be kept Handy and readily available at Medical Centre.

• Regular training courses will be arranged for first aiders.

• Minimizing risk of items accidentally dropping into tanks, splashing operators.

2.16.3 Personnel Protective Equipment for the Workers

• Wear personnel protection, such as eye protection, gloves

• Zero number spectacles.

• Safety shoes or boots with non-slip soles, and/or safety helmet etc

• Wear safety goggles in all cases where the eyes may be exposed to dust, flying particles, or splashes of harmful liquids

2.16.4 Fire Protection and Safety Measures

There are chances of fire hazards due to using of flammable chemicals in the production process, to avoid which following measures will be taken:

• Provision of proper fire extinguishers will be made.

• Earthling strips will be provided at all floors and equipments.

• Flame proof fittings / equipments will be used in flameproof area.

• Safety trainings will be imparted to the employee as well as to the contract employees.

• Safety work permit system will be followed.

• Water level to be checked/maintained periodically specially in summer.



PROJECT DETAILS


2.17 Greenbelt Development

A green belt of approximately 28.42% of total plot area is proposed within the premises of OCL Balance area will be covered from open public land. OCL will encourage the community service projects for tree plantation. Greenbelt is designed to minimize the predicted level of the possible air pollutants. The scheme is designed4 based on guidelines provided by Central Pollution Control Board. Plantation along the boundary and roads shall be based on pollution absorption characteristics of the species and their vegetative cover. The green belt proposed shall fit the climate and soil of the region.

Tree species selected are absorbers of dust particles. Selection of the species is based on their pollution absorption capacity. The selected trees thus have large leaf surface area; deep root system and less litter fall. Faster growing trees with lighter canopy shall be planted alternatively with relatively slow growing trees with wider canopy.

Layout of the greenbelt has been shown in plot plan M-2.1.

4 : Guidelines for Development of Greenbelts, Central Pollution Control Board, March 2000

2 project details...regular flights to mumbai and delhi are available from here. ahmedabad airport...

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