2 copyright © 2004 electric power research institute, inc. all rights reserved. presentation...

2 Copyright © 2004 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.

Presentation Objectives

• Discuss the Plug in Hybrid (PHEV) Sprinter Path To Commercial

• Remind us all to the Energy Security and Environmental Benefits of Electric Transportation

• Validate that Electric Transportation through the PHEV - Has Substance

• Establish a Call for Action


U.S. Map of Air Quality—A Ready Market for Plug-in Hybrid Vehicles (PHEV)

U.S. Counties that do not meet eight-hour ozone standards


Nitrogen Oxide Emissions2000 Anthropogenic U.S. NOx Emissions

Fuel Combustion Electricity21%

Fuel Combustion Ind & Other14%

Fuel Combustion Residential3%

Industrial Processes4%

On-Road Gasoline19%

On-Road Diesel13%

Non-Road Gasoline1%

Non-Road Diesel11%

Other Non-Road Transport12%

Biomass Burning2%

All Transportation: 56%

All Fuel Combustion: 38%


South Coast Air Basin Ground-Level Ozone


Estimated Risk (Cancer) Model

• Source: South Coast Air Quality Management District


Projected Transportation Oil Use

02468

101214161820

1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030

Mill

ion

Ba

rre

ls p

er

Da

y

Transportation Oil Use

Domestic Production

Plus ANWR(Ref. EIA SR/O&G/2000-02,and USGS Report 98-34)

Current Policy (R&D Only)


Electric Drive Technology = Meeting the Need for Energy Security and Environmental Quality of Life with Electricity as a Primary Energy Source

Battery ElectricVehicles

Combustion EngineHybrid Electric

Vehicles

Plug-in HybridFuel Cell Vehicles

Plug-InHybrid Electric

Vehicles

Fuel Cell Hybrid Electric Vehicles

9

Dodge Plug-In Hybrid Electric Sprinter

Plug-In Hybrid Drive - Train

Internal Combustion Engine PM Synchronous electric motor

Automatic Transmission)

Cardan shaft

Transmission cross bar and bearing

Vacuum pump


PHEV vs. Hybrid and ConventionalGallons of Gasoline Consumed

Gallon

s

Number of Vehicles HEV – Hybrid Electric Vehicle HEV 20 - 20 Miles All Electric

Range


PHEV vs. Hybrid and ConventionalBarrels of Oil Consumed

Barr

els

of

Oil

Number of Vehicles HEV – Hybrid Electric VehicleHEV20 – 20 Miles All Electric

Range


PHEV vs. Hybrid and ConventionalTons of CO2 Produced

Ton

s o

f C

O2

Number of Vehicles HEV – Hybrid Electric VehicleHEV20 – 20 Miles All Electric

Range


,..

The Dodge Plug-in Hybrid Sprinter


PHEV Sprinter – Path to Commercialization

• Design, build, and field test six prototype PHEV Sprinter Vans with 20 miles of electric range.

• Leverage multiple sources for financial resources

– EPRI, South Coast AQMD, DOT, LIPA, SCE, CARB, NYPA, & DaimlerChrysler

• Phase 2 – 30 Vehicle Alliance

– Build and test 30 PHEV Sprinters with next level of technology

– Capture data validating performance

• Phase 3 – 100 Vehicle Fleet Evaluation


DaimlerChrysler – EPRI PHEV Program

• DaimlerChrysler is committed to bring a PHEV Sprinter Van to market

• The following overheads were developed and presented by DaimlerChrysler’s senior management to utility, transit, government and military fleet customers

• Presentation based on DC’s internal analysis

• Confirms level of participation by DC—A path to commercialization exists


January 2005

previously unpublished

17


DaimlerChrysler is committed to develop the vehicle propulsion systems for the future

DaimlerChrysler activities are committed to support the development of sustainable mobility, which includes the following issues:

Continuous optimization of the internal combustion engine (ICE)

Improvement of fuel quality worldwide

Introduction of CO2-neutral bio fuels

Further development of hybrid propulsion systems (ICE / electric motor)

Introduction of Fuel Cell technology

There is a trend towards alternative drivetrains: Legal regulations are tightening, emission regulations are getting stronger, entry restriction in cities are increasing and tax and toll for conventional gasoline and diesel vehicles are rising.

Hybrid drivetrains represent a mid-term usable alternative. This enables the development of electric motors, power management systems and batteries which will help facilitates the long-term introduction of fuel cell drivetrains.

18


DaimlerChrysler and EPRI-Project

Electric Power Research Institute, Palo Alto, CA ( EPRI see, at www.epri.com)

Phase I – Technical and market feasibility study – currently under way Other key project partners

Kansas City Area Transportation Authority (KCATA, see at www.kcata.org) Metropolitan Energy Center (see www.kcenergy.org) Southern California Edison (SCE, see www.sce.com) South Coast Air Quality Management District (AQMD, see www.aqmd.gov)

Phase II – Extension up to 30 more field evaluation vehicles in the US – planned

after completion of Phase I until end of 2006 Customers (among others):

Large Fleets Utility Companies Transit Authorities

19


Technical and Market Feasibility Study

Schweinfurt(ZF Sachs)

HannoverKansas CityLos Angeles

• Cargo Van• 8,550 lbs• 140

inches• Gasoline

4th vehicle

• Cargo Van• 8,550 lbs• 140 inches• Gasoline

5th vehicle

• Cargo Van with bus body Braun

• 8,550 lbs• 158 inches• Diesel

3rd vehicle 1st IAA• Testing• 3.5t/3550 mm• Diesel

• KaWa• 3.5t• 3550m

m• Diesel

2nd vehicle

• Cargo Van• 8,550 lbs• 158 inches• Diesel

6th vehicle

20


Clutch and E-motor 70 kW

First Study: The Plug-In Hybrid Sprinter

ICE

Charge port

On-board charger

Transmission


Commercialization – Critical Actions

– Certification – the vehicle must be certified by the federal agencies permitting credit for the miles traveled as an electric vehicle form emission perspective;

– EPAct (Energy Policy Act) qualification as a dual-fuel vehicle. A PHEV meets the intent of EPAct, the information must be provided to the U.S. Department of Energy for a formal ruling;

– Emission testing – the emission profile and advantages of a PHEV operating in urban areas must be carefully documented and reported, including recommendations on test protocols for the accurate characterization of PHEV operation.


Commercialization – Critical Actions

– Data Collection – On board data collection that validates the modeling that been done for the past 4 years.

– Data Analysis – Applying the lessons learned from the initial testing to make the 30 then 100 the best they can be.

– Confidence Building – Providing the data in easily understood but totally credible manner to commercial fleet operators

– Business Case to Drive a Mass Production Program – use the data to justify the development of PHEV drive systems in consumer products in order to achieve component volume and lower costs.


Plug in Hybrids are Drawing Significant Attention

• USA Today CBSNews.com

• Slate.com Newsweek

• Forbes.com The Economist

• Christian Science Monitor National Public Radio

• Motor Trend (twice) IEEE Spectrum

• Regional news papers including: L.A. Times, Sacramento Bee, San Jose Mercury News, Minnesota Star Tribune, Albuquerque Journal, Austin Business Journal, Dallas Morning News

• Independent Studies think highly of PHEVs

– National Commission on Energy Policy

– California Air Resources Board AB1493 staff report

– Institute for Life Cycle Environmental Assessment


Transportation Energy Resources – Three Options for Sustainability, Low Greenhouse Gas

1. Bio and other synthetic fuels that avoid or sequester GHG

• Quantities may be too limited

2. Hydrogen

• End-use technologies are long-term

• Storage is difficult

• National infrastructure is extremely expensive

3. Electricity

• Supplies adequate, especially off-peak

• Energy efficiency is extremely high

• PHEV rollout does NOT require utility investment in charging infrastructure

PLUG-IN HYBRIDS THE LOGICAL CHOICE

2 copyright © 2004 electric power research institute, inc. all rights reserved. presentation...

Documents

electric range slide

miles of electric range

hybrid vehicles phev

electric drive technology

development of electric

hybrid drivetrains

hybrid phev sprinter

unpublished slide