1999 WINTER SIMULATION CONFERENCE

PROCEEDINGS

Edited By

PHILLIP A. FARRINGTON The University of Alabama in Huntsville

HARRIET BLACK NEMBHARD University of Wisconsin - Madison

DAVID T. STURROCK Systems Modeling

GERALD W. EVANS University of Louisville

Pointe Hilton Squaw Peak Resort Phoenix, AZ, U.S.A.

5-8 December 1999

Contents

VOLUME I

Preface

From the Editors xxiii About the Editors xxiv

About the Conference

Sponsoring Organizations xxvi WSC Board of Directors xxvii WSC '99 Conference Committee xxviii WSC '99 Program Structure and Track Coordinators xxx Referees xxxii The Winter Simulation Conferences xxxiii

Keynote Address

The Use of Simulation in Call Center Optimization 3 Jon Anton

Introductory Tutorials

Simulation Fundamentals

Introduction to Simulation 7 Jerry Banks

Input Modeling

Simulation Input Modeling 14 Lawrence Leemis

Output Analysis

ABC's of Output Analysis 24 Susan M. Sanchez

Design of Simulation Experiments

Designing Simulation Experiments 33 W. David Kelton

Validation and Verification

Validation and Verification of Simulation Models 39 Robert G. Sargent

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Contents

Simulation in Health Care

A Tutorial on Simulation in Health Care: Applications and Issues 49 Charles R. Standridge

Manufacturing Simulation

Simulation of Manufacturing Systems 56 Averill M. Law and Michael G. McComas

Simulation in Practice

Tips for Successful Practice of Simulation 60 Deborah A. Sadowski and Mark R. Grabau

Applying Simulation in a Consulting Environment - Tips from Airport Planners 67 Williard C. Hewitt, Jr. and Eric E. Miller

Simulation Software

Inside Discrete-Event Simulation Software: How It Works and Why It Matters 72 Thomas J. Schriber and Daniel T. Brunner

Advanced Tutorials

Statistical Selection, Screening, and Multiple-Comparison Procedures

A Ranking and Selection Project: Experiences from a University-Industry Collaboration 83 David Goldsman, Barry L. Nelson, Tracy Opicka, and A. Alan B. Pritsker

Overview of Simulation Optimization

Simulation Optimization Methodologies 93 Farhad Azadivar

Recent Advances in Optimization of Stochastic Simulations

Stochastic Optimization and the Simultaneous Perturbation Method 101 James C. Spall

Input Modeling for Stochastic Simulations

Advanced Input Modeling for Simulation Experimentation 110 Bruce Schmeiser

Simulation-Based Evaluation of Optimization Methods

Input Models for Synthetic Optimization Problems 116 Charles H. Reilly

Overview of Parallel and Distributed Simulation

Parallel and Distributed Simulation 122 Richard M. Fujimoto

Overview of Object-Oriented Simulation

Simulation in an Object-Oriented World 132 Jeffrey A. Joines and Stephen D. Roberts

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Contents

Future Simulation Technologies

Simulation: Technologies in the New Millennium 141 Wayne J. Davis

Recent Advances in Verification and Validation

Verification and Validation: What Impact Should Project Size and Complexity Have on Attendant V&V Activities and Supporting Infrastructure? 148 James D. Arthur, Robert G. Sargent, James B. Dabney, Averill M. Law, and John D. Morrison

Software Tutorials I

Arena Product Family

The Arena Product Family: Enterprise Modeling Solutions ; 159 Deborah Sadowski and Vivek Bapat

SLX, Proof, and GPSS/H

SLX: Pyramid Power 167 James O. Henriksen

General-Purpose Concurrent and Post-Processed Animation with ProoFM 176 James O. Henriksen

Simulation Using GPSS/H 182 Robert C. Crain and James O. Henriksen

Extend

Modeling with Extend™ 188 Dave Krahl

AweSim and FACTOR/AIM

Introduction to AweSim 196 Jean J. O'Reilly and William R. Lilegdon

Introduction to FACTOR/AIM 201 Jean J. O'Reilly and William R. Lilegdon

PROMODELand MEDMODEL

Simulation Modeling and Optimization Using PROMODEL 208 Rochelle N. Price and Charles R. Harrell

Healthcare Simulation Modeling and Optimization Using MEDMODEL ... 215 Rochelle N. Price and Charles R. Harrell

AutoMod Product Suite

AutoMod Product Suite Tutorial (AutoMod, Simulator, AutoStat) by AutoSimulations 220 Matthew Rohrer

Taylor Enterprise Dynamics

Taylor Enterprise Dynamics 227 D. Roger Hullinger

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Contents

WITNESS

Business Solutions Using WITNESS 230 Arvind Mehta and Ian Rawles

MODSIMIII

MODSIM III and CACI's Applications 234 Brian Wood and Kerim Tumay

Software Tutorials II

SDI Industry Pro

SDI Industry Pro: Simulation for Enterprise-Wide Problem Solving 241 Andrew J. Siprelle, David J. Parsons, and Richard A. Phelps

CSIMI8

"Model, Then Build": A Modern Approach to Systems Development Using CSIM18 249 Herb Schwetman

OptQuest

New Advances for Wedding Optimization and Simulation 255 Fred Glover, James P. Kelly, and Manuel Laguna

ExpertFit

ExpertFit: Total Support for Simulation Input Modeling 261 Averill M. Law and Michael G. McComas

ALPHA/Sim

ALPHA/Sim Simulation Software Tutorial 267 Kendra E. Moore, Jack C. Chiang, and Scott D. Hammer

Simulation Data Exchange

Integrating the CAD Model with Dynamic Simulation: Simulation Data Exchange 276 Shreekanth Moorthy

QUEST/IGRIP and Micro Saint

An Overview of Fully Integrated Digital Manufacturing Technology 281 Scott Freedman

Simulation Interoperability Using Micro Saint Simulation Software 286 Wendy K. Bloechle and K. Ronald Laughery, Jr.

Integrated Toolkit

An Integrated Toolkit for Enterprise Modeling and Analysis 289 Dursun Delen, Perakath C. Benjamin, and Madhav Erraguntla

Web Micro-GPSS in High Schools and OPNET

Micro-GPSS on the Web and for Windows: A Tool for Introduction to Simulation in High Schools 298 Henry Herper and Ingolf Stähl

Network Simulations with OPNET 307 Xinjie Chang

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Contents

Analysis Methodology

Bayesian and Decision Based Methods in Simulation

Steps to Implement Bayesian Input Distribution Selection 317 Stephen E. Chick

Using Input Process Indicators for Dynamic Decision Making 325 Michael Freimer and Lee Schruben

Regression Metamodeling in Simulation Using Bayesian Methods 330 Russell C. H. Cheng

Financial Engineering

Variance Reduction of Monte Carlo and Randomized Quasi-Monte Carlo Estimators for Stochastic Volatility Models in Finance 336 Hatem Ben Ameur, Pierre L'Ecuyer, and Christiane Lemieux

Efficiency Improvements for Pricing American Options with a Stochastic Mesh 344 Athanassios N. Avramidis and Paul Hyden

Stratification Issues in Estimating Value-at-Risk 351 Paul Glasserman, Phillip Heidelberger, and Perwez Shahabuddin

Efficiency in Simulation Experiments

An Asymptotic Allocation for Simultaneous Simulation Experiments 359 Hsiao-Chang Chen, Chun-Hung Chen, Jianwu Lin, and Enver Yiicesan

Can the Regenerative Method Be Applied to Discrete-Event Simulation? 367 Shane G. Henderson and Peter W. Glynn

Fast Simulation of Broadband Telecommunications Networks Carrying Long-Range Dependent Bursty Traffic 374 Jose R. Gallardo, Dimitrios Makrakis, and Luis Orozco-Barbosa

Ranking and Selection Procedures

Selection Procedures with Standardized Time Series Variance Estimators 382 David Goldsman and William S. Marshall

Designing Simultaneous Simulation Experiments 389 Paul Hyden and Lee Schruben

Simultaneous Simulation Experiments and Nested Partition for Discrete Resource Allocation in Supply Chain Management 395 Leyuan Shi, Chun-Hung Chen, and Enver Yiicesan

Rare Event Simulation

Rare Event Simulation of Delay in Packet Switching Networks Using DPR-Based Splitting 402 Zsolt Haraszti and J. Keith Townsend

Efficient Simulation of a Tandem Jackson Network 411 Dirk P. Kroese and Victor F. Nicola

Simulating Heavy Tailed Processes Using Delayed Hazard Rate Twisting 420 Sandeep Juneja, Perwez Shahabuddin, and Anurag Chandra

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Contents

New and Improved Techniques for Old Problems

Simulation-Based Estimation of Quantiles 428 E. Jack Chen and W. David Kelton

On the Implementation of a Smoothed Perturbation Analysis Estimator for a Single-Server Queue with Multiple Vacations 435 Takayuki Tagaki and Naoto Miyoshi

Improved Batching for Confidence Interval Construction in Steady-State Simulation 442 Natalie M. Steiger and James R. Wilson

Planning Queueing Simulations

Sensitivity of Output Performance Measures to Input Distribution Shape in Modeling Queues - 3: Real Data Scenario 452 Donald Gross

Simulating a Nonstationary Poisson Process Using Bivariate Thinning: The Case of "Typical Weekday" Arrivals at a Consumer Electronics Store 458 K. Preston White, Jr.

Sensitivity Analysis of Simulation Output of Parameters of Nonhomogeneous Poisson Processes 462 Michael E. Kuhl and Sun Ewe Lim

Simulation Optimization

Optimization over Discrete Sets via SPSA 466 Läszlö Gerencser, Stacy D. Hill, and Zsuzsanna Vägö

Solving Stochastic Optimization Problems with Stochastic Constraints: An Application in Network Design 471 Gül Gürkan, A. Yonca Özge, and Stephen M. Robinson

Iterative Ranking-and-Selection for Large-Scale Optimization 479 Sigurdur Olafsson

Surveys in Performance Modeling

Statistical Methods for Sensitivity and Performance Analysis in Computer Experiments 486 Leslie M. Moore and Bonnie K. Ray

A Survey of Ranking, Selection, and Multiple Comparison Procedures for Discrete-Event Simulation 492 James R. Swisher and Sheldon H. Jacobson

The Main Issues in Nonlinear Simulation Metamodel Estimation 502 M. Isabel Reis dos Santos and Acäcio M. O. Porta Nova

Modeling and Analysis Methodology

Distributed and Parallel Simulation Environments

A Java-Based Simulation Manager for Optimization and Response Surface Methodology in Multiple-Response Parallel Simulation 513 William E. Biles and Jack P. C. Kleijnen

Developing Interest Mangement Techniques in Distributed Interactive Simulation Using JAVA 518 Simon J. E. Taylor, Jon Saville, and Rajeev Sudra

An Investigation of Out-of-Core Parallel Discrete-Event Simulation 524 Anna L. Poplawski and David M. Nicol

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Contents

Simulation in Systems Design

Simulation-Based Constraint Generation with Applications to Optimization of Logistic System Design 531 Susumu Morito, Jun Koida, Tsukasa Iwama, Masanori Sato, and Yosiaki Tamura

The Development of a Methodology for the Use of Neural Networks and Simulation Modeling in System Design 537 Mahdi Nasereddin and Mansooreh Mollaghasemi

A Monte Carlo Study of Genetic Algorithm Initial Population Generation Methods 543 Raymond R. Hill

Hierarchical and Incremental Modeling

Hierarchical Modeling and Multiresolution Simulation 548 Michael Kantner

Observations on the Complexity of Composable Simulation 553 Ernest H. Page and Jeffrey M. Opper

Incremental System Development of Large Discrete-Event Simulation Models 561 Lars G. Randell, Lars G. Hoist, and Gunnar S. Bolmsjö

Modeling Strategies for Simulation Optimization

SMG: A New Simulation/Optimization Approach for Large-Scale Problems 569 Christopher W. Zobel and William T. Scherer

A Simulation Aided Solution to an MCDM Problem 573 Ferenc Szidarovszky and Abdollah Eskandari

An Algorithm for Goal-Driven Simulation 578 Michel Page, Jerome Gensel, and Mahfoud Boudis

Modular Simulation Environments

Database Oriented Modeling with Simulation Microfunctions 586 Thomas Weidemann

Knowledge-Based Modeling of Discrete-Event Simulation Systems 591 Henk de Swaan Arons

Modular Simulation Environments: An Object Manager Based Architecture 598 Charles R. Standridge

Ranking and Selection in Simulation

A Decision-Theoretic Approach to Screening and Selection with Common Random Numbers 603 Stephen E. Chick and Koichiro Inoue

Evaluating the Probability of a Good Selection 611 Barry L. Nelson and Souvik Banerjee

Sensitivity Analysis in Ranking and Selection for Multiple Performance Measures 618 Douglas J. Morrice, John Butler, Peter Mullarkey, and Srinagesh Gavirneni

Random Number Generation/Design of Experiments

Monkeys, Gambling, and Return Times: Assessing Pseudorandomness 625 Stefan Wegenkittl

Quasi-Monte Carlo via Linear Shift-Register Sequences 632 Pierre L'Ecuyer and Christiane Lemieux

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Contents

Comparison of a Two-Stage Group-Screening Design to a Standard 2k"p Design for a Whole-Line Semiconductor Manufacturing Simulation Model 640 Theodora Ivanova, Linda Malone, and Mansooreh Mollaghasemi

Simulation Validation and Output Analysis

Validation of Models: Statistical Techniques and Data Availability 647 Jack P. C. Kleijnen

On the Small-Sample Optimality of Multiple-Regeneration Estimators 655 James M. Calvin, Peter W. Glynn, and Marvin K. Nakayama

Determining a Warm-Up Period for a Telephone Network Routing Simulation 662 Christopher W. Zobel and K. Preston White, Jr.

Simulation Optimization

Optimization via Adaptive Sampling and Regenerative Simulation 666 Sigurdur Olafsson and Leyuan Shi

Polynomial Acceleration of Monte-Carlo Global Search 673 James M. Calvin

An Approach for Finding Discrete Variable Design Alternatives Using a Simulation Optimization Method 678 Young Hae Lee, Kyoung Jong Park, and Tag Gon Kim

Manufacturing Applications

Assembly Process Analysis

Analysis of Electronics Assembly Operations: Longbow HELLFIRE Missile Power Supply 689 Kurt G. Springfield, John D. Hall, and Gregg W. Bell

Design and Evaluation of a Selective Assembly Station for High Precision Scroll Compressor Shells 694 Arne Thesen and Akachai Jantayavichit

Integrating Discrete-Event Simulation with Statistical Process Control Charts for Transitions in a Manufacturing Environment 701 Harriet Black Nembhard, Ming-Shu Kao, and Gino Lim

Operational Policy Analysis I

Comparison of Dispatching Rules for Semiconductor Manufacturing Using Large Facility Models 709 Manfred Mittler and Alexander K. Schoemig

Evaluation of Cluster Tool Throughput for Thin Film Head Production 714 Eric J. Koehler, Timbur M. Wulf, Alvin C. Bruska, and Marvin S. Seppanen

Determining Optimal Lot-Size for a Semiconductor Back-End Factory 720 Juergen Potoradi, Gerald Winz, and Lee Weng Kam

Operational Policy Analysis II

Optimization of Cycle Time and Utilization in Semiconductor Test Manufacturing Using Simulation Based, On-Line, Near-Real-Time Scheduling System 727 Appa Iyer Sivakumar

Use of Dynamic Simulation to Analyze Storage and Retrieval Strategies 736 Mark A. Kosfeld and Timothy D. Quinn

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Contents

A Simulation Model to Study the Dynamics in a Service-Oriented Supply Chain 742 Edward G. Anderson and Douglas J. Morrice

Manufacturing Simulation: State-of-the-Art Review

Increasing the Power and Value of Manufacturing Simulation via Collaboration with Other Analytical Tools: A Panel Disussion 749 Onur M. Ülgen, John Shore, Gene Coffman, David Sly, Matt Rohrer, and Demet Wood

Process Validation and Improvement

Ancillary Effects of Simulation 754 Matt Hickie and John W. Fowler

Validating a Manufacturing Paradigm: A System Dynamics Modeling Approach 759 Richard A. Reid and Elsa L. Koljonen

Simulation as a Tool for Continuous Process Improvement 766 Mel Adams, Paul Componation, Hank Czarnecki, and Bernard J. Schroer

Simulation Analyses of Material Handling

A Comparison of the Exponential and the Hyperexponential Distributions for Modeling Move Requests in a Semiconductor Fab 774 Siroos Sokhan-Sanj, Gabriel Gaxiola, Gerald T. Mackulak, and Fredrik B. Malmgren

Reducing Model Creation Cycle Time by Automated Conversion of a CAD AMHS Layout Design 779 Igor Paprotny, Wendy Zhao, and Gerald T. Mackulak

Increasing First Pass Accuracy of AMHS Simulation Output Using Legacy Data 784 Scott Wu, John Rayter, Igor Paprotny, Gerald T. Mackulak, and Joakim Yngve

Manufacturing Modeling Methodology

Development of a Simulation Model for an Army Chemical Munition Disposal Facility 790 Michael A. Berger, Jiuyi Hua, Paul T. Otis, Katrina S. Werpetinski, and Vincent F. Johnston

Interface Driven Domain-Independent Modeling Architecture for "Soft-Commissioning" and "Reality in the Loop" 798 Franz Auinger, Markus Vorderwinkler, and Georg Buchtela

Simulation Optimization with the Linear Move and Exchange Move Optimization Algorithm 806 Marcos Ribeiro Pereira Barretto, Leonardo Chwif, Tillal Eldabi, and Ray J. Paul

Special-Focus Presentations I

Modeling the Human Element

Using Discrete-Event Simulation to Model Human Performance in Complex Systems 815 Ron Laughery

Human Performance Simulation in the Analysis of Advanced Air Traffic Management 821 Kevin M. Corker

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Contents

Industrial Engineering Design via Simulation (Panel)

The New Design: The Changing Role of Industrial Engineers in the Design Process through the Use of Simulation 829 Deidra L. Donald, Nick Andreou , Jeffrey Abell, and Robert J. Schreiber

Semiconductor Manufacturing

Semiconductor Manufacturing Applications I

On the Corrupting Influence of Variability in Semiconductor Manufacturing 837 Alexander K. Schoemig

Validating Simulation Model Cycle Times at Seagate Technology 843 Navdeep S. Grewal, Alvin C. Bruska, Timbur M. Wulf, and Jennifer K. Robinson

CONLOAD - A New Lot Release Rule for Semiconductor Wafer Fabs 850 Oliver Rose

Semiconductor Manufacturing Applications II

Assessment of Potential Gains in Productivity due to Proactive Reticle Management Using Discrete Event Simulation 856 Sungmin Park, John Fowler, Matt Carlyle, and Matt Hickie,

Operational Simulation of an X-Ray Lithography Cell: Comparison of 200mm and 300mm Wafers 865 K. Preston White, Jr., and Walter J. Trybula

Using Simulation and Genetic Algorithms to Improve Cluster Tool Performance 875 Mathias A. Dummler

Semiconductor Manufacturing Applications III

Capacity Planning for Semiconductor Wafer Fabrication with Time Constraints between Operations 880 Jennifer K. Robinson and Richard Giglio

Criticality of Detailed Modeling in Semiconductor Supply Chain Simulation 888 Sanjay Jain, Chu-Cheow Lim, Boon-Ping Gan, and Yoke-Hean Low

Machine Dedication under Product and Process Diversity 897 Darius Rohan

Modeling Issues in Semiconductor Manufacturing

Modeling Lot Routing Software through Discrete-Event Simulation 903 Chad D. DeJong and Thomas Jefferson

A Model of a 300mm Wafer Fabrication Line 909 Phillip L. Campbell, Darius Rohan, and Edward A. MacNair

Application of Simulation and the Boehm Spiral Model to 300mm Logistics System Risk Reduction 912 Jerry Weckman, Theron Colvin, Robert J. Gaskins, and Gerald T. Mackulak

Appendix

Author Index A3

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Contents

VOLUME II

Construction Engineering and Project Management

Simulation Applications in Construction I

Construction of a Dam Embankment with Nonstationary Queues 921 Photios G. Ioannou

Application of Simulation in Trenchless Renewal of Underground Urban Infrastructure 929 Jason S. Lueke, Samuel T. Ariaratnam, and Simaan M. AbouRizk

Activity Scheduling in the Dynamic, Multi-Project Setting: Choosing Heuristics through Deterministic Simulation 937 Robert C. Ash

Simulation Applications in Construction II

Simulation of the Structural Steel Erection Process 942 Anil Sawhney, Andre Mund, and Jennifer Marble

Special Purpose Simulation Template for Utility Tunnel Construction 948 Simaan M. AbouRizk, Janaka Y. Ruwanpura, K. C. Er, and Siri Fernando

Real World Applications of Construction Process Simulation 956 Daniel W. Halpin and Luis-Henrique Martinez

Using Simulation for Decision Support

Who Serves Whom? Dynamic Resource Matching in an Activity-Scanning Simulation System 963 Photios G. Ioannou and Julio C. Martinez

Product-Based Model Representation for Integrating 3D CAD with Computer Simulation 971 Jianfei Xu and Simaan AbouRizk

Travel-Time Simulation to Locate and Staff Temporary Facilities under Changing Construction Demand 978 Iris D. Tommelein

Construction Simulation Environments and Tools

Java-Based Simulation of Construction Processes Using Silk 985 Anil Sawhney, Jayachandran Manickam, Andre Mund, and Jennifer Marble

Iconic Animation of Construction Simulation 992 Jonathan Jingsheng Shi and H. Zhang

Simphony: An Environment for Building Special Purpose Construction Simulation Tools 998 Dany Hajjar and Simaan AbouRizk

Input Modeling and Decision Support

A Case Study in the Quantification of a Change in the Conditions of a Highway Construction Operation 1007 Haldun Cor and Julio C. Martinez

Defining a Beta Distribution Function for Construction Simulation 1010 Javier Fente, Kraig Knutson, and Cliff Schexnayder

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Developing the Statistical Parameters for Simultaneous Variation in Final Payload and Total Load Time 1016 Govindan Kannan, Michael C. Vorster, Julio C. Martinez

Military Applications

Military Keynote Address

The Nexus of Simulation with Command and Control: What Each Community Can Offer the Other 1025 W. H. Lunceford, Jr.

Focus Paper on Distributed Simulation

Distributed Simulation with Federated Models: Expectations, Realizations and Limitations 1026 Richard E. Nance

High Level Architecture I

Lessons Learned from the Design and Execution of a Federation for Joint Experimentation 1032 Anita A. Zabek

Experiences in the NATO Pre-Pathfmder DiMuNDS 2000 Federation 1039 Richard A. Briggs and Joost Hamers

FEDEP V1.4: An Update to the HLA Process Model 1044 Robert Lutz

Military M&S I

OOTW Impact Analysis 1050 Dean S. Hartley, III, Richard E. Bell, and Stephen L. Packard

Modeling Leadership Effects and Recruit Type in an Army Recruiting Station 1059 Edward L. McLarney, J. O. Miller, Kenneth W. Bauer, Jr., and Robert Fancher

Networked Simulation with HLA and MODSIM III 1065 Glen D. Johnson

M&S Supported Acquisition

Simulation to Support Operational Testing: A Practical Application 1071 Bradford S. Canova, Peter H. Christensen, Michael D. Lee, Bruce R. Tripp, Michael H. Pack, and David L. Pack

An Example of Simulation Use in Army Weapon System Development 1079 Ann H. Kissell

Simulation Environments for the Design and Test of an Intelligent Controller for Autonomous Underwater Vehicles 1088 Michael W. Roeckel, Robert H. Rivoir, Ronald E. Gibson, and Stephen P. Linder

High Level Architecture II

Automated Distributed System Testing: Designing an RTI Verification System 1094 John Tufarolo, Jeff Nielsen, Susan Symington, Richard Weatherly, Annette Wilson, James I vers, and Timothy C. Hyon

Automated Distributed System Testing: Application of an RTI Verification System 1103 John Tufarolo, Jeff Nielsen, Susan Symington, Richard Weatherly, Annette Wilson, James Ivers, and Timothy C. Hyon

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Contents

Application of the Analysis Federate in the Joint Advanced Distributed Simulation Joint Test Force Electronic Warfare Phase II Test 1109 William S. Murphy, Jr. and Michael L. Roane

Analytical Modeling in Support of Military Operations

The Exclusion Zone Model—A Development Methodology 1118 Paul Rendell and Alan Cowdale

Modelling Military Requirements for Non-Warfighting Operations 1125 David Frankis, Noel Corrigan, and Robert Bailey

The Modelling of Tactics and Procedures Using a Component Based System 1131 Phillip Martin

Advanced Modeling and Simulation Techniques

Multitrajectory Simulation Performance for Varying Scenario Sizes 1137 John B. Gilmer, Jr. and Frederick J. Sullivan

Maneuver Warfare Distillations: Essence not Verisimilitude 1147 Gary E. Home

Using Adaptive Agents in Java to Simulate U.S. Air Force Pilot Retention 1152 Martin P. Gaupp and Raymond R. Hill

Military M&S II

TALUS - An Object Oriented Air Combat Simulation 1160 Sigurd Glaerum

Distributed Real-Time Simulation for Intruder Detection System Analysis 1168 Jeffrey S. Smith, Brett A. Peters, Sabina E. Jordan, and Mark K. Snell

Tactical Logistics and Distribution System (TLoaDS) Simulation 1174 David J. Parsons and L. C. Krause

Logistics, Transportation, & Distribution Applications

Ground Transportation Applications I

Evaluating the Potential Benefits of a Rail Traffic Movement Planning Algorithm 1181 Paul M. Jülich, Charles G. Martin, Stephen L. Brazleton, and Daniel F. Curtiss

Evaluating Strategies to Improve Railroad Performance—A System Dynamics Approach 1186 Jack B. Homer, Thomas E. Keane, Natasha O. Lukiantseva, and Dave W. Bell

Parametric Modeling in Rail Capacity Planning 1194 Harald Krueger

Supply Chain Management Applications I

CSCAT: The Compaq Supply Chain Analysis Tool 1201 Rick G. Ingalls and Cynthia Kasales

Supply Chain vs. Supply Chain: Using Simulation to Compete Beyond the Four Walls 1207 George Archibald, Nejat Karabakal, and Paul Karlsson

A Four Step Methodology for Using Simulation and Optimization Technologies in Strategic Supply Chain Planning 1215 Donald A. Hicks

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Contents

Airport & Aerospace Applications I

An Aircraft Taxi Simulation Model for the United Parcel Service Louisville Air Park 1221 W. Swain Ottman, Angela C. Ford, and Gregory R. Reinhardt

Analysis and Simulation of Passenger Flows in an Airport Terminal 1226 Michel R. Gatersleben and Simon W. van der Weij

Proactive Flight Schedule Evaluation at Delta Airlines 1232 Bruce Schumacher

Port & Maritime Applications

A Flexible Interface and Architecture for Container and Intermodal Freight Simulations 1238 Beth C. Kulick and James T. Sawyer

Operative Requirements and Advances for the New Generation Simulators in Multimodal Container Terminals 1243 Agostino G. Bruzzone, Pietro Giribone, and Roberto Revetria

Logistics Issues in Autonomous Food Production Systems for Extended Duration Space Exploration 1253 Reza Naghshineh-pour, Nicole Williams, and Bala Ram

Logistics & Distribution Applications I

Sizing Industrial Rail Car Fleets Using Discrete-Event Simulation 1258 William R. Lesyna

Process and Material Handling Models Integration 1262 Michael Norman, Deron Tinsley, Jerry Barksdale, Otto Wiersholm, Philip Campbell, and Edward MacNair

A Simulation of the Product Distribution in the Newspaper Industry 1268 Marelys L. Garcia, Martha A. Centeno, and Gabriela Penaloza

Ground Transportation Applications II

Designing the Westerscheldetunnel Toll Plaza Using a Combination of Queueing and Simulation 1272 Nico M. van Dijk, Mark D. Hermans, Maurice J. G. Teunisse, and Henk Schuurman

Key Factors in Road-Rail Mode Choice in India: Applying the Logistics Cost Approach 1280 Peter D. Cook, Sanjay Das, Andreas Aeppli, and Carl Martland

Train Performance and Simulation 1287 Paul Martin

Airport & Aerospace Applications II

Using Airspace Simulation to Assess Environmental Improvements from Free Flight and CNS/ATM Enhancements 1295 David K. Chin and Fran Melone

Using Simulation to Choose Between Rental Car Lot Layouts 1302 Todd M. Johnson

Using Simulation to Influence Foreign Policy 1306 Michael Carter, Mark R. Grabau, and Michael Kram

Logistics & Distribution Applications II

Integrated Manufacturing Logistics: Byproducts Can Be Critical 1310 Charles H. White and Bing W. Tsai

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Contents

Scaleable Integration Model for Objective Resource Capability Evaluations (SIM-FORCE) 1316 Tony Gossard, Nancy Brown, Steve Powers, and David Crippen

A Practical Module-Based Simulation Model for Transshipment-Inventory Systems 1324 Soemon Takakuwa and Tsukasa Fujii

Supply Chain Management Applications II

Distributed Supply Chain Simulation in a DEVS/CORBA Execution Environment 1333 Bernard P. Zeigler, Doohwan Kim, and Stephen J. Buckley

Quick Response Replenishment: A Case Study 1341 Russell E. King and Kara Moon

How i2 Integrates Simulation in Supply Chain Optimization 1350 Jeremy Padmos, Bill Hubbard, Tom Duczmal, and Slim Saidi

Business Process Simulation

Business Process Simulation I: Manufacturing and Logistics

Interfacing Simulation with Costing Software to Drive the Transformation from Prototype Manufacturing to High Volume Manufacturing 1359 Catherine M. Harmonosky, Jennifer L. Miller, Scott L. Rosen, Mark T. Traband, Rick Tillotson, and Dave Robbie

BPR and Logistics: The Role of Computational Models 1365 Leon F. McGinnis

eSCA: A Thin-Client/Server/Web-Enabled System for Distributed Supply Chain Simulation 1371 H. Bob Chen, Oliver Bimber, Chintamani Chhatre, Elizabeth Poole, and Stephen J. Buckley

Business Process Simulation II: Practice

Impact of Connection Bank Redesign on Airport Gate Assignment 1378 Michel Turcotte, Gillian M. Mann, and Aaron L. Nsakanda

Business Process Simulation: A Fundamental Step Supporting Process Centered Management 1383 Marc Aguilar, Tankred Rautert, and Alexander J. G. Pater

Simulation Assisted Product Development Program Planning 1393 Mark R. Grabau and Gregory R. Clay

Business Process Simulation III: Continuous Improvement

The Use of Simulation in Process Reengineering Education 1397 Les Pang and William T. Hodson

Reconciliation of Business and Systems Modelling via Discrete Event Simulation 1403 George M. Giaglis, Ray J. Paul, and Alan Serrano

"Personnel Forecasting Strategic Workforce Planning": A Proposed Simulation Cost Modeling Methodology 1410 Stephen R. Parker and John A. Marriott

Future of Simulation

Web-Based Simulation I

A Hybrid Visual Environment for Models and Objects 1417 Paul A. Fishwick

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Contents

Web-Based Simulation Visualization Using Java3D 1425 Chad F. Salisbury, Steven D. Fair, and Jason A. Moore

Scenario Management in Web-Based Simulation 1430 Andrew F. Seila and John A. Miller

Web-Based Simulation II

Component-Based Simulation on the Web? 1438 Michael Pidd, Noelia Oses, and Roger J. Brooks

Web-Based Analysis and Distributed IP 1445 Philip A. Wilsey

VRML for Urban Visualization 1454 Lee A. Belfore, III and Rajesh Vennam

Emerging Elements of Simulation's Future

A Global Synchronization Network for a Non-Deterministic Simulation Architecture 1460 Marc Bumble and Lee Coraor

Scaling, Hierarchical Modeling, and Reuse in an Object-Oriented Modeling and Simulation System 1470 Thorsten Daum and Robert G. Sargent

Simulation in the Next Millennium 1478 Sanjay Jain

Enterprise Wide Simulation

Enterprise Simulations: Theoretical Foundations and a Practical Perspective 1485 Thomas W. Mastaglio

Applications for Enterprise Simulation 1490 Roland R. Mielke

The Application of System Dynamics (SD) Simulation to Enterprise Management 1496 John F. Affeldt

Future of Simulation Software

What Does Industry Need from Simulation Vendors in Y2K and After? A Panel Discussion 1501 Jerry Banks

Future of Simulation Research

Panel: Strategic Directions for Simulation Research 1509 Ernest H. Page, David M. Nicol, Osman Balci, Richard M. Fujimoto, Paul A. Fishwick, Pierre L'Ecuyer, and Roger Smith

Healthcare

Healthcare I

Simulation Modeling as an Aid to Decision-Making in Healthcare Management: The Adjuvant Breast Cancer (ABC) Trial 1523 Lynne P. Baldwin, Tillal A. Eldabi, and Ray J. Paul

Emergency Department Simulation and Determination of Optimal Attending Physician Staffing Schedules 1532 Manuel D. Rossetti, Gregory F. Trzcinski, and Scott A. Syverud

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The Use of Simulation for Process Improvement in a Cancer Treatment Center 1541 Jose A. Sepülveda, William J. Thompson, Felipe F. Baesler, Marfa I. Alvarez, and Lonnie E. Cahoon, III

Healthcare II

GERMS: An Epidemiologic Simulation Tool for Studying Geographic and Social Effects on Infection Transmission 1549 Andrew L. Adams, James S. Koopman, Stephen E. Chick, and Peter J. Yu

Simulating Outpatient Obstetrical Clinics 1557 Mark W. Isken, Timothy J. Ward, and Timothy C. McKee

The Benefits of Simulation Modeling in Medical Planning and Medical Design 1564 Victor E. Lange

Healthcare HI

Determination of Operating Room Requirements Using Simulation 1568 Julie C. Lowery and Jennifer A. Davis

Dynamic Simulation Modeling of ICU Bed Availability 1573 William Cahill and Marta Render

Healthcare Simulation: A Case Study at a Local Clinic 1577 Mark L. Weng and Ali A. Houshmand

Special-Focus Presentations II

Recent Advances in Web-Based Simulation and High Level Architecture

A Widely Deployable Web-Based Network Simulation Framework Using CORBA IDL-Based APIs 1587 Arjun Cholkar and Philip Koopman

The High Level Architecture: Is There a Better Way? 1595 Wayne J. Davis and Gerald L. Moeller

On-Line Data Processing in Simulation Models: New Approaches and Possibilities through HLA 1602 Thomas Schulze, Steffen Straßburger, and Ulrich Klein

Recent Advances in Parallel and Distributed Simulation

Optimistic Parallel Simulation over a Network of Workstations 1610 Reuben Pasquini and Vernon Rego

Web-Based Performance Visualization of Distributed Discrete Event Simulation 1618 Adel S. Elmaghraby, Sherif A. Elfayoumy, Irfan S. Karachiwala, James H. Graham, Ahmed Z. Emam, and AlaaEldin Sleem

The Effect of State-Saving in Optimistic Simulation on a Cache-Coherent Non-Uniform Memory Access Architecture 1624 Christopher D. Carothers, Kalyan S. Perumalla, and Richard M. Fujimoto

Call Center Modeling

Decision Support for Call Center Management Using Simulation 1634 Rupesh Chokshi

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Contents

Call Center Simulation in Bell Canada 1640 Oryal Tanir and Richard J. Booth

Simulation of a Claims Call Center: A Success and a Failure 1648 Roger Klungle

Recent Advances in Conditional Monte Carlo

Computing the Distribution Function of a Conditional Expectation via Monte Carlo: Discrete Conditioning Spaces 1654 Shing-Hoi Lee and Peter W. Glynn

The Phantom SPA Method: An Inventory Problem Revisited 1664 Felisa J. Väzquez-Abad and Manuel Cepeda-Jiineman

Innovative Applications

Estimating Ambulance Requirements in Auckland, New Zealand 1670 Shane G. Henderson and Andrew J. Mason

Simulating the Economic Viability of Crawfish Production: A Two-Stage Approach 1675 Amy C. Hasegawa, Conrado M. Gempesaw, William H. Daniels, and Bernard R. Petrosky

A Simulation Approach for Improving the Efficiency of the Department of Motor Vehicles 1681 Yasser Dessouky and Brian Senkandwa

Recent Advances in Simulation Practice

Enhancing Simulation Models for Emergency Rooms Using VBA 1685 Adriana M. Alvarez and Martha A. Centeno

Case Study: Simulation of the Call Center Environment for Comparing Competing Call Routing Technologies for Business Case ROI Projection 1694 Katherine Miller and Vivek Bapat

Three Sources of Simulation Inaccuracy (and How to Overcome Them) 1701

Stewart Robinson

Author Index 1709

Author Directory 1715

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