160615 promising enhancements of the defence logistics footprint using additive manufacturing (carla...
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Promising Enhancements of the Defence Logistics Footprint Using Additive Manufacturing
Framework and Business Cases І Carla Andela, Nils Knofius, 28 April 2016
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Content
Supply Chain
• Changes of the Supply Chain
• Advantages and disadvantages
Business Cases
• Air Force
• Conclusions and way forward
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Supply Chain and Additive Manufacturing
Option 1: 3D printer Out of Area Option 2:
3D printer Central location
Option 3/4: • Commercially
AM products • Partnerships
with industry
Depots
GP POE’s POD’s
Area of Deployment
RC
Customer
Local SupplyCivilian Suppliers
Some using 3d-printing
Demand
Goods
Legend:
GP = Groupage PointPOE = Point of EmbarkationPOD = Point of DisembarkationSC = Stock CenterRC = Replenishment Center
Customer
SC
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Metal AM of complex metal products: Advantages and Disadvantages
• Less setup costs and less tooling costs • Lower development costs (increase the
pace of design to product) • Eco friendly: less influence on CO2 • Shorter delivery time • High complexity possible • Flexibility (printing on-demand,
customisation)
• Lower production speed • Higher investment costs • Unclear responsibilities regarding IPR,
warranties, certification • Process variability/ quality • Not efficient for large series • Limited choice of material • Limited dimensions of product • Complexity of the Supply Chain (3D
printing is added to the Supply Chain)
Advantages Disadvantages
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Option 1: Out of Area
• Close to operation, short delivery lead times
• Higher mission effectivity
• Fragile supply chain: Shipment of 3D printer including, materials, etc.
• Lack of experience • Personnel capacity • Administrative task (configuration
management, file control, security etc.) • Conditions: temperature extremes, limited
infrastructure, humidity, high dust levels • Power supply? • Operational time limits (90 to 130 days only)
Disadvantages Advantages
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Option 2: Central location
• Controlling the production process • Prototyping possibilities to fix problems
or get experience • Exploitation of scale effects
• Extra training need for personnel • Personnel capacity • Administrative task (configuration
management, file control etc.) • Longer delivery time than in Option 1
Advantages Disadvantages
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Option 3 / 4: Industry - partnership
• Prototyping possibilities to fix problems or get experience
• Sharing investment costs that reduces risk of technological obsolescence
• Knowledge transfer about 3D printing technology
• Less investments related to training, administrative tasks, and personnel capacity, compared to Options 1 and 2
• Extra costs for prototyping • Compared to Option 1 and 2 lead times
are longer
Disadvantages Advantages
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List of criteria for the selection of interesting parts
Technical:
• Type of part
• Part size
Supply Chain:
• Demand rate
• Supply risk
• Life cycle phase
• Resupply lead time
Economic:
• Sourcing costs
• Design ownership
• Safety stock
Technical criteria
Part size
Material
etc.
Economic criteria
Purchasing costs
Design ownership
etc.
Logistical criteria
Demand rate
Order lead time
etc.
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Application at NH90 Case
1. Type of part: Repairables, excluding tooling and packing, excluding modification standards
2. Part size: not considered
3. Demand rate: not considered
4. Supply risk: not considered
5. Life cycle phase: not considered
6. Resupply lead time: Supply delivery time
7. Sourcing costs: cost price of part
8. Design ownership: Fokker
9. Safety stock: not considered
Not considered= due to data unavailability!
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Application at NH90 Case
• Results:
• 100 parts were selected
• List is reviewed with Fokker on technical criteria
• Approximately 5 parts are promising
• Availability of technical data is essential!
• Additional information regarding material and dimensions received
• Next step: make cost estimation
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Conclusions
• Complex products with long delivery times, and small series are interesting
• List of criteria is a good starting point to give guidance for identification
• Air Force case: the framework showed the need for sufficient data in particular technical criteria
• Logistic database does not provide required data
• Next studies need to quantify the benefits of AM
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NLR Marknesse
Voorsterweg 31, 8316 PR Marknesse, Netherlands
Fully engaged Netherlands Aerospace Centre
p ) +31 88 511 4234 e ) [email protected] i ) www.nlr.nl
Questions?