11m231 cellular mobile comm..pptx

7/25/2019 11M231 CELLULAR MOBILE COMM..pptx

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CELLULAR MOBILE COMMUNICATION

SUBMITTED TO:Mr. AMIT KAUL

PRESENTED BY:

ABHISHEKSINGH

11M231


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CONTENTS

Why Celll!r M"#$le Tele%h"&e Sy'(e)* M"#$le C"))&$+!($"& Pr$&+$%le

B!'$+ Celll!r Sy'(e)

C"&+e%( ", -ree&+y Re'e Ch!&&el'

Cell S%l$(($&/

H!&0",,

D$/$(!l Celll!r Sy'(e)' 2/


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WHY CELLULAR MOBILE TELEPHONE SYSTEM *

O&e ", )!&y re!'"&' ,"r 0eel"%$&/ ! +elll!r )"#$le

(ele%h"&e 'y'(e) !&0 0e%l"y$&/ $( $& )!&y +$($e' $'

(he "%er!($"&!l l$)$(!($"&' ", +"&e&($"&!l )"#$le

(ele%h"&e 'y'(e):1. L$)$(e0 'er$+e +!%!#$l$(y

2. P""r 'er$+e %er,"r)!&+e

3. I&e,,$+$e&( ,ree&+y '%e+(r) ($l$4!($"&


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L$)$(e0 Ser$+e C!%!#$l$(y

A +"&e&($"&!l )"#$le (ele%h"&e 'y'(e) $' '!lly

0e'$/&e0 #y 'ele+($&/ "&e "r )"re +h!&&el' ,r") ! '%e+$,$+,ree&+y !ll"+!($"& ,"r 'e $& !("&")"' /e"/r!%h$+

4"&e'.

The +"))&$+!($"& +"er!/e !re! ", e!+h 4"&e $'

&"r)!lly %l!&&e0 (" #e !' l!r/e !' %"''$#le5 which means

that the transmitted power should be high.

The 'er 6h" '(!r(' ! +!ll $& "&e 4"&e h!' (" re$&$($!(e (he

+!ll 6he& )"$&/ $&(" ! &e6 4"&e5 #e+!'e (he +!ll 6$ll #e0r"%%e0. Th$' $' !& &0e'$r!#le r!0$" (ele%h"&e 'y'(e)

'$&+e (here $' &" /!r!&(ee (h!( ! +!ll +!& #e +")%le(e0

6$(h"( ! h!&0",, +!%!#$l$(y.


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P""r Ser$+e Per,"r)!&+e

I& (he %!'(5 ! ("(!l ", 33 +h!&&el' 6ere !ll"+!(e0 (" 3 )"#$le

(ele%h"&e 'y'(e)'1. MTS 'y'(e)

2. IMTS M7 'y'(e)

3. IMTS MK 'y'(e)

MTS "%er!(e' !r"&0 89MH4 M7 "%er!(e' !( 1;9

MH4< #"(h %r"$0e' 11 +h!&&el'. IMTS MK "%er!(e' !( 8;9

MH4 !&0 %r"$0e' 12 +h!&&el'. I& 1=>?5 Ne6 Y"r@ +$(y h!0

? +h!&&el' ", M7 'er$&/ 329 +'(")er'5 6$(h !&"(her 2899+'(")er' "& ! 6!$($&/ l$'(. S$)$l!rly ? +h!&&el' ", MK

'er$&/ 22; +'(")er'5 6$(h !&"(her 1399 +'(")er' "& !

6!$($&/ l$'(.


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I&e,,$+$e&( -ree&+y S%e+(r) U($l$4!($"&

I& ! +"&e&($"&!l )"#$le (ele%h"&e 'y'(e)5 (he,ree&+y ($l$4!($"& )e!'re)e&( M" $' 0e,$&e0 !'

(he )!$)) &)#er ", +'(")er' (h!( +"l0 #e

'ere0 #y "&e +h!&&el !( (he #'y h"r.

-"r IMTS M7 'y'(e)5 M" ;3 +'(")er'+h!&&el

-"r IMTS MK 'y'(e)5 M" 3> +'(")er'+h!&&el


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DE-INITION

A +elll!r )"#$le +"))&$+!($"&' 'y'(e) 'e' ! l!r/e &)#er", l"6%"6er 6$rele'' (r!&')$((er' (" +re!(e +ell' (he #!'$+

/e"/r!%h$+ 'er$+e !re! ", ! 6$rele'' +"))&$+!($"&' 'y'(e).

!r$!#le %"6er leel' !ll"6 +ell' (" #e '$4e0 !++"r0$&/ (" (he

'#'+r$#er 0e&'$(y !&0 0e)!&0 6$(h$& ! %!r($+l!r re/$"&. A' )"#$le 'er' (r!el ,r") +ell (" +ell5 (he$r +"&er'!($"&' !re

Fh!&0e0 ",,F #e(6ee& +ell' $& "r0er (" )!$&(!$& 'e!)le''

'er$+e.

Ch!&&el' ,ree&+$e' 'e0 $& "&e +ell +!& #e re'e0 $&

!&"(her +ell '")e 0$'(!&+e !6!y. Cell' +!& #e !00e0 ("

!++"))"0!(e /r"6(h5 +re!($&/ &e6 +ell' $& &'ere0 !re!' "r

"erl!y$&/ +ell' $& e$'($&/ !re!'


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M"#$le C"))&$+!($"&' Pr$&+$%le'

E!+h )"#$le 'e' ! 'e%!r!(e5 (e)%"r!ry r!0$" +h!&&el

(" (!l@ (" (he +ell '$(e. The +ell '$(e (!l@' (" )!&y

)"#$le' !( "&+e5 '$&/ "&e +h!&&el %er )"#$le.

Ch!&&el' 'e ! %!$r ", ,ree&+$e' ,"r+"))&$+!($"&: "&e ,ree&+y5 (he ,"r6!r0 l$&@5 ,"r

(r!&')$(($&/ ,r") (he +ell '$(e5 !&0 "&e ,ree&+y5 (he

reer'e l$&@5 ,"r (he +ell '$(e (" re+e$e +!ll' ,r") (he

'er'.


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BASIC CELLULAR SYSTES

Analog S!stem: A #!'$+ !&!l"/ +elll!r 'y'(e) +"&'$'('

", (hree '#'y'(e)': ! )"#$le &$(5 ! +ell '$(e5 !&0 !

)"#$le (ele%h"&e '6$(+h$&/ ",,$+e MTSO 6$(h

+"&&e+($"&' (" l$&@ (he (hree '#'y'(e)'.1. M"#$le &$(': A )"#$le (ele%h"&e &$( +"&(!$&' !

+"&(r"l &$(5 ! (r!&'+e$er5 !&0 !& !&(e&&! 'y'(e).

2. Cell '$(e: The +ell '$(e %r"$0e' $&(er,!+e #e(6ee& (he

MTSO !&0 (he )"#$le &$('. I( h!' ! +"&(r"l &$(5 r!0$"

+!#$&e('5 !&(e&&!'5 ! %"6er %l!&(5 !&0 0!(! (er)$&!l'.


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3. MTSO: The '6$(+h$&/ ",,$+e5 (he +e&(r!l +""r0$&!($&/

ele)e&( ,"r !ll +ell '$(e'5 +"&(!$&' (he +elll!r %r"+e''"r !&0

+elll!r '6$(+h. I( $&(er,!+e' 6$(h (ele%h"&e +")%!&y 4"&e

",,$+e'5 +"&(r"l' +!ll %r"+e''$&/5 %r"$0e' "%er!($"& !&0

)!$&(e&!&+e5 !&0 h!&0le' #$ll$&/ !+($$($e'.

8. C"&&e+($"&': The r!0$" !&0 h$/h'%ee0 0!(! l$&@' +"&&e+(

(he (hree '#'y'(e)'. E!+h )"#$le &$( +!& "&ly 'e "&e+h!&&el !( ! ($)e ,"r $(' +"))&$+!($"& l$&@. B( (he +h!&&el

$' &"( ,$e0< $( +!& #e !&y "&e $& (he e&($re #!&0 !''$/&e0 #y

(he 'er$&/ !re!5 6$(h e!+h '$(e h!$&/ )l($+h!&&el

+!%!#$l$($e' (h!( +!& +"&&e+( '$)l(!&e"'ly (" )!&y )"#$le&$('.

The MTSO $' (he he!r( ", (he !&!l"/ +elll!r )"#$le

'y'(e). I(' %r"+e''"r %r"$0e' +e&(r!l +""r0$&!($"& !&0

+elll!r !0)$&$'(r!($"&.


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"igital S!stems: A #!'$+ 0$/$(!l 'y'(e) +"&'$'(' ", ,"r

ele)e&(': )"#$le '(!($"&5 #!'e (r!&'+e$er '(!($"& BTS5

#!'e '(!($"& +"&(r"ller BSC5 !&0 '6$(+h$&/ '#'y'(e)':

1. MS: I( +"&'$'(' ", (6" %!r('5 )"#$le e$%)e&( ME !&0

'#'+r$#er $0e&($,y )"0leSIM. SIM +"&(!$&' !ll

'#'+r$#er'%e+$,$+ 0!(! '("re0 "& (he MS '$0e.

2. BTS: Be'$0e' h!$&/ (he '!)e ,&+($"& !' (he !&!l"/ BTS5$( h!' (he Tr!&'+"0erR!(e A0!%(er U&$(TRAU5 6h$+h

+!rr$e' "( +"0$&/ !&0 0e+"0$&/ !' 6ell !' r!(e !0!%(!($"&

$& +!'e 0!(! r!(e !r$e'.

3. BSC: A &e6 ele)e&( $& 0$/$(!l 'y'(e)' (h!( %er,"r)' (heR!0$" Re'"r+e RR )!&!/e)e&( ,"r (he +ell' &0er $('

+"&(r"l. BSC !l'" h!&0le' h!&0"er'5 %"6er )!&!/e)e&(

($)e !&0 ,ree&+y 'y&+hr"&$4!($"&5 !&0 ,ree&+y

re!ll"+!($"& !)"&/ BTS'.


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-&0!)e&(!l C"&+e%(' ", Celll!r Ph"&e

Co#erage $one % ! l!r/e /e"/r!%h$+ !re!.

Cells % A +ell $' (he #!'$+ /e"/r!%h$+ &$( ", ! +elll!r

'y'(e). The (er) +elll!r +")e' ,r") (he h"&ey+")#

'h!%e ", (he !re!' $&(" 6h$+h ! +"er!/e re/$"& $' 0$$0e0.

Cell' !re #!'e '(!($"&' (r!&')$(($&/ "er ')!ll

/e"/r!%h$+ !re!' (h!( !re re%re'e&(e0 !' he!/"&'. E!+h

+ell '$4e !r$e' 0e%e&0$&/ "& (he l!&0'+!%e. Be+!'e ",

+"&'(r!$&(' $)%"'e0 #y &!(r!l (err!$& !&0 )!&)!0e

'(r+(re'5 (he (re 'h!%e ", +ell' $' &"( ! %er,e+( he!/"&.

Clusters % A +l'(er $' ! /r"% ", +ell'. N" +h!&&el'

!re re'e0 6$(h$& ! +l'(er.


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CONCEPT O- -REUENCY REUSE CHANNELS

A r!0$" +h!&&el +"&'$'(' ", ! %!$r ", ,ree&+$e'5 "&e ,"r e!+h

0$re+($"& ", (r!&')$''$"& (h!( $' 'e0 ,"r ,ll0%le "%er!($"&. A

%!r($+l!r r!0$" +h!&&el5 '!y -15 'e0 $& "&e /e"/r!%h$+ 4"&e !'

&!)e0 $( ! +ell5 '!y C15 6$(h ! +"er!/e r!0$' R +!& #e 'e0 $&

!&"(her +ell 6$(h (he '!)e +"er!/e r!0$' !( ! 0$'(!&+e D !6!y.

-ree&+y re'e $' (he +"re +"&+e%( ", (he +elll!r )"#$le r!0$"'y'(e). I& (h$' ,ree&+y re'e 'y'(e)5 'er' $& 0$,,ere&( /e"/r!%h$+

l"+!($"&' 0$,,ere&( +ell' )!y '$)l(!&e"'ly 'e (he '!)e ,ree&+y

+h!&&el.

The ,ree&+y re'e 'y'(e) +!& 0r!'($+!lly $&+re!'e (he '%e+(r)e,,$+$e&+y5 #( $, (he 'y'(e) $' &"( %r"%erly 0e'$/&e05 'er$"'

$&(er,ere&+e )!y "++r. I&(er,ere&+e 0e (" (he +"))"& 'e ", (he

'!)e +h!&&el $' +!lle0 +"+h!&&el $&(er,ere&+e !&0 $' "r )!"r

+"&+er& $& (he +"&+e%( ", ,ree&+y re'e.


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-ree&+y re'e $& (he ($)e 0")!$& re'l(' $& (he

"++%!($"& ", (he '!)e ,ree&+y $& 0$,,ere&( ($)e 'l"('. I(

$' +!lle0 ($)e0$$'$"& )l($%le$&/ TDM. -ree&+y re'e $& (he '%!+e 0")!$& : S!)e ,ree&+y

re%e!(e0ly 'e0 $& ! '!)e /e&er!l !re! $& "&e 'y'(e)5

6h$+h $' 'e0 $& +elll!r 'y'(e)'.

There !re )!&y +"+h!&&el +ell' $& (he 'y'(e). The ("(!l

,ree&+y '%e+(r) !ll"+!($"& $' 0$$0e0 $&(" K ,ree&+y

re'e %!((er&'.


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-ree&+y Re'e D$'(!&+e

The )$&$)) 0$'(!&+e (h!( !ll"6' (he '!)e ,ree&+y (" #ere'e0 6$ll 0e%e&0 "& )!&y ,!+("r'5 '+h !' (he &)#er ",+"+h!&&el +ell' $& (he $+$&$(y ", (he +e&(er +ell5 (he (y%e ",

/e"/r!%h$+ (err!$& +"&("r5 (he !&(e&&! he$/h(5 !&0 (he

(r!&')$((e0 %"6er !( e!+h +ell'$(e. The ,ree&+y re'e0$'(!&+e D +!& #e 0e(er)$&e0 ,r")


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Cell Re'e P!((er&


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COCHANNEL INTER-ERENCE REDUCTION

-ACTOR Re'$&/ !& $0e&($+!l ,ree&+y +h!&&el $& 0$,,ere&( +ell' $'

l$)$(e0 #y +"+h!&&el $&(er,ere&+e #e(6ee& +ell'5 !&0 (he

+"+h!&&el $&(er,ere&+e +!& #e+")e ! )!"r %r"#le).

A'')e (h!( (he '$4e ", !ll +ell' $' r"/hly (he '!)e. The +ell

'$4e $' 0e(er)$&e0 #y (he +"er!/e !re! ", (he '$/&!l '(re&/(h$& e!+h +ell. A' l"&/ !' (he +ell '$4e $' ,$e05 +"+h!&&el

$&(er,ere&+e $' $&0e%e&0e&( ", (he (r!&')$((e0 %"6er ", e!+h

+ell.

I( )e!&' (h!( (he re+e$e0 (hre'h"l0 leel !( (he )"#$le &$( $'!0'(e0 (" (he '$4e ", (he +ell. A+(!lly5 +"+h!&&el

$&(er,ere&+e $' ! ,&+($"& ", ! %!r!)e(er 0e,$&e0 !'


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CELL SPLITTING

The )"($!($"& #eh$&0 $)%le)e&($&/ ! +elll!r )"#$le'y'(e) $' (" $)%r"e (he ($l$4!($"& ", '%e+(r) e,,$+$e&+y.

The ,ree&+y re'e '+he)e $' "&e +"&+e%(5 !&0 +ell

'%l$(($&/ $' !&"(her +"&+e%(. Whe& (r!,,$+ 0e&'$(y '(!r(' ("

#$l0 % !&0 (he ,ree&+y +h!&&el' -$$& e!+h +ell C$+!&&"(%r"$0e e&"/h )"#$le +!ll'5 (he "r$/$&!l +ell +!& #e '%l$( $&("

')!ller +ell'.


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There !re (6" @$&0' ", +ell'%l$(($&/ (e+h&$e':

&. 'ermanent splitting% The $&'(!ll!($"& ", eery &e6 '%l$(

+ell h!' (" #e %l!&&e0 !he!0 ", ($)e< (he &)#er ",+h!&&el'5 (he (r!&')$((e0 %"6er5 (he !''$/&e0 ,ree&+$e'5

(he +h""'$&/ ", (he +ell'$(e 'ele+($"&5 !&0 (he (r!,,$+ l"!0

+"&'$0er!($"& 'h"l0 !ll #e +"&'$0ere0. Whe& re!0y5 (he

!+(!l 'er$+e +("er 'h"l0 #e 'e( !( (he l"6e'( (r!,,$+%"$&(5 '!lly !( )$0&$/h( "& ! 6ee@e&0.

(. "!namic splitting% Th$' '+he)e $' #!'e0 "& '$&/ (he

!ll"+!(e0 '%e+(r) e,,$+$e&+y $& re!l ($)e. The !l/"r$(h) ,"r

0y&!)$+!lly '%l$(($&/ +ell '$(e' $' ! (e0$"' "#5 !,,"r0 ("h!e "&e '$&/le +ell &'e0 0r$&/ +ell '%l$(($&/ !( he!y

(r!,,$+ h"r'.


22/33


23/33

HANDO--

The h!&0",, $' ! %r"+e'' ", !(")!($+!lly +h!&/$&/,ree&+$e' !' (he )"#$le &$( )"e' $&(" ! 0$,,ere&(

,ree&+y 4"&e5 '" (h!( (he +"&er'!($"& +!& #e

+"&($&e0 $& ! &e6 ,ree&+y 4"&e 6$(h"( re0$!ll$&/.

There !re (6" @$&0' ", h!&0",,'5 h!r0 !&0 '",(. The h!r0

h!&0",, $' #r!@e #e,"re )[email protected] The '",( h!&0",, $'

)!@e #e,"re #[email protected]

Th$' %r"+e'' ", +h!&/$&/ ,ree&+$e' +!& #e 0"&e!(")!($+!lly #y (he 'y'(e) 6$(h"( (he 'er'

$&(ere&($"&.


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&. )ard hando**% Th$' $' ! #re!@#e,"re)!@e %r"+e''

!&0 h!&0",, #e(6ee& (6" ,ree&+$e'. All -DMA5

TDMA5 !&0 O-DMA 0$/$(!l 'y'(e)'5 !&0 !&!l"/

'y'(e)'5 +!& %er,"r) h!r0 h!&0",,'.

(. So*t hando**% Th$' $' ! )!@e#e,"re#re!@ %r"+e''.

Be+!'e CDMA h!' (" %er,"r) (he h!&0",, #e(6ee&

(6" +"0e +h!&&el'5 &"( (6" ,ree&+$e'5 $( $' 0$,,$+l( ("%er,"r) (he h!r0 h!&0",,'. Be+!'e ", (he '",(

h!&0",,'5 (he %r"+e'' &ee0' (" 'e+re (6" +"0e

+h!&&el' 0r$&/ (he h!&0",, %r"+e''.

There !re (6" 0e+$'$"&)!@$&/ %!r!)e(er' ", h!&0",,:1 #!'e0 "& '$/&!l '(re&/(h.

2 #!'e0 "& +!rr$er("$&(er,ere&+e r!($".


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H!&0",, #e(6ee& !0!+e&( +ell


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DIGITAL CELLULAR SYSTEMS 2G

M!&y 0$/$(!l +elll!r !&0 +"r0le'' %h"&e 'y'(e)' h!e #ee&

0eel"%e0. The +elll!r 'y'(e)' !re GSM5 NATDMA5

CDMA.

Al(h"/h !&!l"/ +elll!r 'y'(e)' !re l$)$(e0 (" '$&/:

,ree&+y 0$$'$"& )l($%le!++e'' -DMA '+he)e'. D$/$(!l +elll!r 'y'(e)' +!& 'e -DMA5 ($)e 0$$'$"&

)l($%le!++e'' TDMA5 !&0 +"0e0$$'$"& )l($%le

!++e'' CDMA.

I& !& !&!l"/ 'y'(e)5 (he '$/&!l' !%%l$e0 (" (he (r!&')$''$"&)e0$! !re +"&($&"' ,&+($"&' ", (he )e''!/e 6!e,"r).

I& 0$/$(!l (r!&')$''$"& 'y'(e)'5 (he (r!&')$((e0 '$/&!l' !re

0$'+re(e $& ($)e5 !)%l$(0e5 %h!'e5 "r ,ree&+y.


27/33

GSM

GSM Gl"#!l Sy'(e) ,"r M"#$le C"))&$+!($"&'5

"r$/$&!lly Gr"%e S%+$!l M"#$le5 $' ! '(!&0!r0 'e(

0eel"%e0 #y (he Er"%e!& Tele+"))&$+!($"&'

S(!&0!r0' I&'($((e ETSI (" 0e'+r$#e %r"("+"l' ,"r'e+"&0 /e&er!($"& 2G 0$/$(!l +elll!r &e(6"r@' 'e0 #y

)"#$le %h"&e'.

The GSM '(!&0!r0 6!' 0eel"%e0 !' ! re%l!+e)e&( ,"r

,$r'( /e&er!($"& 1G !&!l"/ +elll!r &e(6"r@'5 !&0"r$/$&!lly 0e'+r$#e0 ! 0$/$(!l5 +$r+$( '6$(+he0 &e(6"r@

"%($)$4e0 ,"r ,ll 0%le "$+e (ele%h"&y.


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CEPT5 ! Er"%e!& /r"%5 #e/!& (" 0eel"% (he Gl"#!l

Sy'(e) ,"r M"#$le TDMA 'y'(e) $& 7&e 1=2. GSM h!'

(6" "#e+($e':

1. %!&Er"%e!& r"!)$&/5 6h$+h ",,er' +")%!($#$l$(y(hr"/h"( (he Er"%e!& +"&($&e&(.

2. I&(er!+($"& 6$(h (he $&(e/r!(e0 'er$+e 0$/$(!l &e(6"r@

ISDN5 6h$+h ",,er' (he +!%!#$l$(y (" e(e&0 (he '$&/le

'#'+r$#erl$&e 'y'(e) (" ! )l($'er$+e 'y'(e) 6$(h

!r$"' 'er$+e' +rre&(ly ",,ere0 "&ly (hr"/h 0$er'e

(ele+"))&$+!($"&' &e(6"r@'.

The 6"rl0' ,$r'( GSM +!ll 6!' )!0e #y (he -$&&$'h

%r$)e )$&$'(er H!rr$ H"l@er$ (" K!!r$&! S"&$" )!y"r $&

+$(y ", T!)%ere "& 1 7ly 1==1 "& ! &e(6"r@ #$l( #y

Tele&"@$! !&0 S$e)e&' !&0 "%er!(e0 #y R!0$"l$&!.


29/33

GSM Ar+h$(e+(re

GSM +"&'$'(' ", )!&y '#'y'(e)'5 '+h !' (he )"#$le'(!($"& MS5 (he #!'e '(!($"& '#'y'(e) BSS5 (he

&e(6"r@ !&0 '6$(+h$&/ '#'y'(e) NSS5 !&0 (he

"%er!($"& '#'y'(e) OSS


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&. The obile Station% The MS )!y #e ! '(!&0!l"&e %$e+e ",

e$%)e&( ,"r +er(!$& 'er$+e' "r '%%"r( (he +"&&e+($"& ",

e(er&!l (er)$&!l'5 '+h !' (he $&(er,!+e ,"r ! %er'"&!l +")%(er "r

,!.The MS $&+l0e' )"#$le e$%)e&( ME !&0 ! '#'+r$#er

$0e&($(y )"0le SIM.ME 0"e' &"( &ee0 (" #e %er'"&!lly !''$/&e0

(" "&e '#'+r$#er.

The SIM $' ! '#'+r$#er )"0le 6h$+h '("re' !ll (he'#'+r$#errel!(e0 $&,"r)!($"&. Whe& ! '#'+r$#er' SIM $'

$&'er(e0 $&(" (he ME ", !& MS5 (h!( MS #el"&/' (" (he '#'+r$#er5

!&0 (he +!ll $' 0el$ere0 (" (h!( MS.

(. Base Station Subs!stem% The BSS +"&&e+(' (" (he MS (hr"/h !

r!0$" $&(er,!+e !&0 !l'" +"&&e+(' (" (he NSS. The BSS +"&'$'(' ",

! #!'e (r!&'+e$er '(!($"& BTS l"+!(e0 !( (he !&(e&&! '$(e !&0 !

#!'e '(!($"& +"&(r"ller BSC (h!( )!y +"&(r"l 'eer!l BTS. The

BTS +"&'$'(' ", r!0$" (r!&')$''$"& !&0 re+e%($"& e$%)e&(

'$)$l!r (" (he ME $& !& MS.


31/33

CDMA

C"0e 0$$'$"& )l($%le !++e'' CDMA $' ! 0$/$(!l !$r$&(er,!+e '(!&0!r05 +l!$)$&/ e$/h( (" ,$,(ee& ($)e' (he

+!%!+$(y ", !&!l"/. I( e)%l"y' ! +"))er+$!l !0!%(!($"&

", )$l$(!ry '%re!0'%e+(r) '$&/le'$0e#!&0 (e+h&"l"/y.

CDMA $' ! '%re!0 '%e+(r) )l($%le !++e'' (e+h&$e. A'%re!0 '%e+(r) (e+h&$e '%re!0' (he #!&06$0(h ", (he

0!(! &$,"r)ly ,"r (he '!)e (r!&')$((e0 %"6er.

U'er' !re $'"l!(e0 #y +"0e5 (hey +!& 'h!re (he '!)e+!rr$er ,ree&+y5 el$)$&!($&/ (he ,ree&+y re'e

%r"#le) e&+"&(ere0 $& AMPS !&0 DAMPS.


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Re,ere&+e'

W$ll$!) C. Y. Lee5 Wireless and CellularTelecommunications5 T!(! M+/r!6 H$ll5 3r0

E0$($"&

W$ll$!) C. Y. Lee5Mobile Cellularcommunications5 T!(! M+/r!6 H$ll5 2&0E0$($"&


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THANK YOU

11m231 cellular mobile comm..pptx

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