11.4 life and culture of middle ages
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11.4 Life and Culture of Middle Ages. Vernacular Language. “Of this time and place” Language becomes regional – so English, French, German etc Dialects emerge Troubadours - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
“Of this time and place” Language becomes regional – so
English, French, German etc Dialects emerge
Troubadours Wandering Minstrels who travelled
around singing songs and helped to develop the vernacular language – their songs were the first form of vernacular language.
Fabliaux – short comic stories in rhymed verse.
Show foolishness of humans Animal stories popular – Reynard the
Fox Miracle Plays – short dramas with
religious theme. Enhanced Easter – held in market
place - Noye’s Fludde – (Noah’s Flood)
National, epic French poem Knight of Charlemagne—hero of
poem, dies fighting the Moors
Inferno (Hell)Purgatorio (Purgatory)Paradiso (Heaven)Roman poet Virgil guide thru Hell
and PurgatoryBeatrice, his ideal love, guides him
thru Heaven
MurderersTreachery against kinFortune tellersThievesCounterfeiters and AlchemistSuicidesTreachery against LordsHoarders FlatterersBlastphemers / perverts
1. Flatterers2. Hoarders3. Thieves4. Fortune Tellers5. Murderers
6. Suicide7. Counterfeiters8. Blasphemers/Perverts9. Treachery against Kin10. Treachery against Lords
Story of pilgrims on visit to shrine of Thomas Becket
All classes in society represented in telling story
Pokes fun and is satirical.
Page…263
Architecture style used vaults, arches, domes, & columns.
Few windows. Dark.
Began in 1100’s. Named after
barbarian Goths Reaching up to
heaven, a monument to God.
Walls high and thin with large windows.
Developed in 12th and 13th Centuries
“Universitas”—Latin for an association of people.
Became place for learning and teaching
Paris Oxford Bologna Salerno
Reconcile faith and reason.
Christianity with Aristotle’s philosophy.
St. Thomas Aquinas’ Summa Theologica summarized religion at the time.
Each point used reason/faith.
Under feudalism, all people were loyal to their feudal lord. People did not pay much attention to which “country” they lived in.
As feudalism began to decline, Kings began to organize their kingdoms into organized nation. This fueled “Patriotism” the feeling of loyalty to a country as a whole.
Power of King Up
Feudal Lords Down
# of Serfs Down
# of Free Peasants Up
= Death of Feudalism
Named for a series of conflicts between 1337 and 1453 between England and France
Causes: English King held 2
territories in France, that made him the vassal of the French King
His mother was Fr king’s sister
When the last Capetian died, Edward III (K of E) tried to claim the French throne
The Fr chose Philip 4- cousin –Salic Law
He brought an army to Flanders, and the conflict had begun
Despite many English victories, by 1453 the English had lost all French land except Calais
By 1553, they had lost Calais as well
Ultimately, this was a major defeat for the British
Longbow
Gunpowder
Cannon
Over time Parliament, especially the House Commons gained more power than the king
King needed their power to tax, which gave them ultimate power
Civil War between ruling families
Yorks (white roses) vs. Lancasters (red roses)
Delayed the growth of strong central govt. in England
Most fighting done by nobles and private armies
Henry Tudor (Lancaster) ended the wars by defeating Richard III (York) at Bosworth Field (1485)
Tudor seized the throne, married a daughter of the House of York and became Henry VII, the founder of the Tudors
Joan of ArcHundred
Years'War
TheEstatesGeneral
(Fr. Parliament)
Louis XIFrench
King1461-1483
TroubleIn
EarlyFrance
During the wars, a civil war broke out between the royal families ~ Orleans and Burgundy
Joan of Arc said she heard voices of saints telling her to defend Orléans
French held Orleans
Burgundian forces captured her and turned her over to the Church as a heretic
She was convicted and burned at the stake in 1431
But, she had helped to create a strong monarchy (Charles VII)
Created in 1302 by Philip IV (modeled after English Parliament)
Named for the groups that attended the meetings ~ 1st Estate (Clergy), 2nd Estate (Nobles), 3rd Estate (Commoners)
When monarchy was weak, E.G. began to control finances and pass laws, as Monarchy regained power, E.G. lost out, never gained authority to pass taxes
Ruled from 1461-1483, nicknamed “Universal Spider” because he was skilled at conspiracy and intrigue
Built an alliance against Duke of Burgundy (Chars. The Bold) and eventually led to his death, then Louis seized this territory
By 1400, 4 Christian kingdoms had developed in Spain ~ Portugal, Castile, Navarre and Aragon
1469 Isabella of Castile married Ferdinand of Aragon
Fought the Moors in 1492 and captured Grenada
In the late 1400s, early 1500s, Isabella and Ferdinand united Castile and Aragon to form a united Spain, then added Navarre
Strong monarchy, strong Catholics
Forced all Jews & Muslims to convert or leave ~ most left (bad idea)---Spanish Inquisition!!!!
H.R. Emperor lacked control to be a strong nation
Emperor chosen by 7 Electors ~ as a result had no real power (only prestige)
Elections usually included bribery and favor trading
1273 ~ Habsburgs gained power, used prestige to cement marriage alliances and gained much of Austria and nearby lands
Barrier ~ Papal States
By 1500, three strong nation states had developed in Europe: England, France and Spain
The Holy Roman Empire will exist in one form or another until the 1800s when Germany and Italy will unify
Decline of Feudalism directly gave way to the rise of Patriotism