10-01-07 china its final course on ibec template

7/31/2019 10-01-07 China ITS Final Course on IBEC Template

1/242

www.ibec-its.org1

International Experience inIntelligent Transportation

Systems

Mark Carter (SAIC USA)

Steve Tarry (FaberMaunsell UK)Neil Perks (GHD China)


2/242

www.ibec-its.org2

Primary Objectives of the

Course Primary Objectives

Expose participants to innovativeapproaches for solving transportationproblems

Aid participants in maximizing transportationinvestments


3/242

www.ibec-its.org3

Course Sub-Objectives

Sub-Objectives To provide an overview of ITS activities in

Europe in North America

To demonstrate the benefits of carefullymeasuring ITS improvements

To provide guidance on how to measureITS improvements

Provide Case Studies of Recent ITS

Activities


4/242

www.ibec-its.org4

Agenda

Introduction

Overview of ITS in North America and Europe

How to maximize your ITS Investment

Analysis Approaches and Techniques

Evaluation Case Studies

Additional Resources

Wrap-up and Conclusions


5/242

www.ibec-its.org5

Agenda

Time Module

9:00 9:15 Introductions

9:15 10:30 Overview of ITS in North America, Europe, and China

10:30 10:45 Break

10:45 11:15 Maximizing Your ITS Investment: Introduction

11:15 12:00 Maximizing Your ITS Investment: A Process (Part I)

12:00 13:00 Lunch13:00 14:00 Maximizing Your ITS Investment: A Process (Part II)

14:00 14:40 Case Study #1: South Lake Tahoe Coordinated Transit System

14:40 15:20 Case Study #2: Tunnel Safety Systems in Europe

15:20 15:35 Break

15:35 16:15 Case Study #3: Evaluation of the Integrated E-Screening / ElectronicToll Collection Deployment

16:15 16:45 Additional Resources

16:45 17:00 Wrap Up


6/242

www.ibec-its.org6

Feedback is Critical

Audience participation is strongly encouraged

Please feel free to ask questions:

At the conclusion of each section

At the end of the course

During the presentations


7/242

www.ibec-its.org7

Feedback is Critical

We want to learn through your questions and fromyour experiences

Based upon your feedback we will update the courseand make it available to the world


8/242

www.ibec-its.org8

Questions?


9/242

www.ibec-its.org9

Agenda

Introduction


Break

Maximizing Your ITS Investment: Introduction

Maximizing Your ITS Investment: A Process (Part 1)

Lunch


Evaluation Case Studies (Part 1)

Break


Additional Resources Wrap-up and Conclusions


10/242

www.ibec-its.org10

Overview of ITS in North America,Europe, and China


11/242

www.ibec-its.org11

Section Overview

This section will introduce:

Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS)

The benefits and cost of ITS The current status and future direction of ITS investments in:

USA

Europe


12/242

www.ibec-its.org12

Elements of An Effective

Transportation SystemEffective TransportationSystem

Construction Maintenance

Operations


13/242

www.ibec-its.org13

Elements of Effective

Operations

Advanced

sensor,

computer,

electronics, andcommunicationstechnologies

Advanced

Operations,

Maintenance

Strategies

Effective Operations

Intelligent TransportationSystems (ITS)


14/242

www.ibec-its.org14

ITS Classifications (USA)


15/242

www.ibec-its.org15

Why Deploy ITS?

Congestion at toll facilities Electronic toll collection

Red light running crashes Automated enforcement

Work zone delays Improved traveler information

Delays from poorly timed signals Signal retiming programs

Delays from roadway incidents Earlier detection

ITS SolutionTransportation Problem

ITS are designed to optimize the performance of existing

transportation infrastructure. Intended to preserve capacity

and improve security, safety, and reliability.

Wh h B fi f


16/242

www.ibec-its.org16

What are the Benefits of

ITS?Sample Findings - Freeway Management Systems:

Safety Studies of traffic management centers using ramp meters

show freeway management systems reduce accidents 15-50%.Mobility Advanced Traffic Management Systems (ATMS) in theAstrodome area reduced street congestion delay by 46%.

Productivity Variable speed limits with lane controls on the GermanAutobahn reduced injury accidents 20-29% savingapproximately $4 million/year.Efficiency After ramp meters were experimentally turned off in the TwinCities of Minnesota, freeway volume declined 9% and peakperiod throughput decreased 14%.Energy &

EnvironmentIn Denver, CO, dynamic message signs (DMSs) thatdisplayed real-time vehicle emission levels motivated mostmotorists surveyed to consider repairs.Customer

SatisfactionAfter the Twin Cities ramp meter shutdown test, support for acomplete shutdown fell from 21% to 14%.

Wh t A th C t f


17/242

www.ibec-its.org17

What Are the Costs of

ITS?Component Cycle Life

(Years)Total Capital Cost Annual Maintenance

CostAnnual

Operational Cost

IMT 6 $600,000 $400,000

Signals 7 $2,205,000 $15,000

VMS 20 $15,250,000 $21,960

CCTV 10 $8,400,000 $75,600

Ramp Metering 20 $5,750,000 $13,800 $8,280

TMS 10 $2,100,000 $42,000 $37,800

HAR 10 $250,000 $7,000 $3,600RWIS 25 $1,250,000 $18,000

Fiber Optic Conduit/Cable 20 $51,176,000 $50,000 $150,000

Electronic Equip 5 $5,000,000 $150,000

Software 10 $5,000,000 $250,000 $750,000

Design Costs 1 $1,000,000

Additional Personnel Costs $400,000

State TOC 20 $7,800,000 $100,000

City TOC 20 $100,000 $100,000

County TOC 20 $100,000 $100,000

Total System Costs $105,981,000 $377,800 $2,315,240

Example: Freeway Management System (T-REX) in Colorado, USA

D th B fit O t i h


18/242

www.ibec-its.org18

Do the Benefits Outweigh

the Costs? Often Yes

However,

May be unexpected impacts E.g. increase in crashes from electronic tolling

Difficult to procure and deploy effectively

Human element is critical for success

C t St t f ITS i


19/242

www.ibec-its.org19

Current Status of ITS in

the US Over 20 years of ITS research and development

Many applications are now mature

ITS has become mainstreamed Dedicated Federal funding for stand-alone ITS

applications has been eliminated Investment decisions are primarily made at the State, local

and industry level

The Federal Government is Coordinating these efforts

Encouraging standardization Advancing new research and major initiatives


20/242

ITS Deployment Statistics


21/242

www.ibec-its.org21

ITS Deployment Statistics

(US)

Room for Improvement


22/242

www.ibec-its.org22

Room for Improvement

(USA) Development of in-vehicle systems has been slow

Relatively few inter-urban applications

Limited surveillance on arterial streets

Challenges with integration

Impacts on congestion, safety, etc. remain small



23/242

www.ibec-its.org23


Europe 10-15 years in ITS research and development

Some applications are now mature

Each nation state has its own ITS applications

The EU is encouraging standardisation, especially inthe delivery of seamless services

Major Areas of ITS


24/242

www.ibec-its.org24

Major Areas of ITS

Investment in Europe Urban on-road applications Inter-urban on-road applications

Monitoring and enforcement applications Trip planning systems

Driver information

Freight and fleet management Automated vehicle applications

Vulnerable road user applications

Deployment of ITS in


25/242

www.ibec-its.org25

Deployment of ITS in

Europe EasyWay (2007-2013)

Over the last six years the European

Commission (EC) has supported theroll-out of ITS on the Trans-EuropeanRoad Network (TERN) through theEuro Regional Projects.

EasyWay is the continuation of thisEuropean wide programme for ITSdeployment now also includinginterfaces to the urban road networks.Within the EasyWay programme thereare eight Euro Regional Projects.


26/242

www.ibec-its.org26

EC Support

EasyWay (2007-2013)

The EC supports the programme of ITS

Deployment with 300M (up to 20% ofCosts).

All European Road Authorities are ableto seek support.

EasyWay is not simply a source offunding from the EU but also anexchange of best practice between

partners to develop seamless customerservices.

Project Domains and Major Areas


27/242

www.ibec-its.org27

Project Domains and Major Areasof ITS Investment in Europe

1. Road Monitoring Infrastructure

3. Traffic Managementand Control

2. European Network of Traffic Centres

4. Traveller InformationServices

9. ProjectManagement

8. HorizontalIssues

Evaluation

Focus of Evaluation Within


28/242

www.ibec-its.org28

Focus of Evaluation Within

Europe European Evaluation Group

provides overview and best practice in the field ofevaluation

advises on how authorities might seek to optimisecurrent and future project outputs and returns on

investment

fosters exchange of experience, results andlessons learnt and help analysis of transferability

Assessing What is


29/242

www.ibec-its.org29

Assessing What is

Delivered Evaluation will focus on

overall achievement of the EasyWayprogramme objectives through evaluation ofstandard indicators at a project level

key performance measures related to trafficcongestion, safety and environment

identifying priority areas for further investment.

What This Means in


30/242

www.ibec-its.org30

What This Means in

Practice Set up of a simple and feasible evaluation methodology with focus on

standard indicators, primary and secondary, to asses impact of ITS

Publicise guidance on how to document outcomes and analyse thetransferability of solutions in different problem contexts (e.g. for newmember states)

Provide a global analysis of the impacts of EasyWay includingdeployment maps, list of best practices and remarkable results withclear examples

Draft recommendations concerning further deployments and studies,regarding their potential impacts and contribution to achieving keypolicy objectives



31/242

www.ibec-its.org31


China Statistics 53 million cars on the road;

Growth 11% per annum;

89,455 road fatalities in 2006;

15% of the annual world fatalities;

Predicted to increase by 92% by 2020;

2.23 trillion yuan government investment overpast 5 years.

Principal Issues Driving


32/242

www.ibec-its.org32

Principal Issues Driving

Transport Development Improving road safety; Reducing congestion;

Improving the environment;

Improving public transport;

Compliance with basic traffic laws;

More informed education;

Wide transport mix; Increased use of technology;

Beijing 2008.

Chi T S l i


33/242

www.ibec-its.org33

China Transport Solutions

Building new roads;

Widening existing roads;

Investing in new public transport;

Subways

Bus Rapid Transit

Light Rail

New Buses

Reducing the number of vehicles on the road; Maximising vehicle capacity;

Employing technological solutions.

Current Position of ITS in


34/242

www.ibec-its.org34

Current Position of ITS in

ChinaChina is, in general, starting from a cleansheet;

Major opportunities for the development of ITS;

Interested in the most advanced technologies;

Strong interest in ITS for solving safety andcongestion issues;

ITS often seen as a total problem solving tool;

Strong financial investment in ITS;

Strong bias toward technology and systems;

ITS not often built into new infrastructure.

Issues Currently Retarding


35/242

www.ibec-its.org35

Issues Currently Retarding

ITS Growth in China ITS often seen as buying technology, not a solution; Considered to be a commodity item;

Based around procurement and install, less interest inoperational design or management;

Cost rather than quality often the main factor in procurement;

Little evaluation or accountability for the success of projects;

Currently a lack of understanding of its true value, often byan uninformed client, is retarding growth in this sector;

Excellent theoretical expertise, but little practical experience;

Difficult for international expertise to penetrate an oftenclosed home market;

As a result many projects have been poorly implemented and

have not delivered, what were often unrealistic expectations.

Future Direction for ITS:


36/242

www.ibec-its.org36

Future Direction for ITS:Federal (USA) Federal Government has reduced funding for wide-spread,

stand-alone deploymentof ITS and is focusing on: Nine areas of research

Cooperative Intersection Collision Avoidance Systems Electronic Freight Management

Emergency Transportation Operations

Integrated Corridor Management Systems

Integrated Vehicle Based Safety Systems

Mobility Services for All Americans

Nationwide Surface Transportation Weather Observing and ForecastingSystem Clarus

Next Generation 9-1-1

Vehicle Infrastructure Integration (VII)

A major initiative that leveragesITS Congestion Initiative



37/242

www.ibec-its.org37

Future Direction for ITS:Federal (USA) Federal Government has reduced funding for wide-spread,


Cooperative Intersection Collision Avoidance Systems Electronic Freight Management




Mobility Services for All Americans

Nationwide Surface Transportation Weather Observing and ForecastingSystem Clarus




El t i F i ht M if t


38/242

www.ibec-its.org38

Electronic Freight Manifest

Focused on truck-air-truck shipments between Chinaand the US

Testing the benefits of moving from paper basedsupply chains to electronic supply chains

Prototype will: Exchange information electronically in a standardized format;

Provide an open architecture in which all shippers, across all modescan access needed information

Integrated Corridor


39/242

www.ibec-its.org39

Integrated Corridor

Management Arterial ManagementFreeway Management

Incident Management

Integrated Vehicle Based


40/242

www.ibec-its.org40

gSafety Systems

Emergency Transportation


41/242

www.ibec-its.org41

g y pOperations Focused on use of technology to improve

evacuations

Improved monitoring and coordination Support for reversed lanes



42/242

www.ibec-its.org42

Federal (USA) Federal Government has reduced funding for wide-spread,


Cooperative Intersection Collision Avoidance Systems

Electronic Freight Management




Mobility Services for All Americans Nationwide Surface Transportation Weather Observing and Forecasting

System Clarus




Congestion Initiative


43/242

www.ibec-its.org43

Congestion Initiative

Large Federally led effort to reverse growingcongestion

Significant investment of resources $100 Million to $1 Billion

Follows a coordinated blue-print / plan

Leverages ITS with traditional and non-traditionaltransportation improvements

USA Congestion Initiative:


44/242

www.ibec-its.org44

gSix Point Plan

Relieve urban congestion

Unleash private sector investment resources

Promote operational and technological improvements

Establish a Corridors of the Future competition

Target major freight bottlenecks and expand freight policyoutreach

Accelerate major aviation capacity projects and provide afuture funding framework

Source: http://ops.fhwa.dot.gov/speeches/trafficsignalforum07/index.htm



45/242

www.ibec-its.org45

Point 1

Relieve Urban

Congestion Create urban partnerships Promote High Occupancy Vehicle

(HOV) to High Occupancy / Toll

(HOT) lane conversion Implement meaningful congestion

management process

Reduce impacts of bottlenecks

Urban Partnership Agreements


46/242

www.ibec-its.org46

Urban Partnership Agreements

I mplement broadcongest ion pr icing

New or expanded bus rapidtransit

Expanded telecommuting /flexible work schedules

Technology / operationsstrategies

Selected five sites

Miami

Minneapolis

New York

San Francisco

Seattle

HOV to HOT Conversions


47/242

www.ibec-its.org47

HOV to HOT Conversions

Champion High

Occupancy Vehicle (HOV)to High Occupancy / Toll(HOT) Lane Conversions

Assess opportunities for

HOV to HOT conversionsProvide technicalsupport/training

Identify role of

technology inenforcement / pricing

Meaningful Congestion


48/242

www.ibec-its.org48

Management Process

Bring Operations into the

Planning Process New Legislative

requirement

R d I t f B ttl k


49/242

www.ibec-its.org49

Reduce Impacts of Bottlenecks

Initiate dialogue with States topursue innovative solutions with

near-term impacts Distribute Primer and lessons

learned from Lead States

Promote establishment ofcomprehensive bottleneckreduction programs



50/242

www.ibec-its.org50

Point 3

Traveler Information

Work Zones

Incident Management

Traffic Signal Timing

Promote Operat ional

andTechnological

Improvements

Real Time Traveler Information


51/242

www.ibec-its.org51

Real-Time Traveler Information

Nationwide 511

deployment

Travel time on allurban DMS signs

Reduce Work Zone Delay


52/242

www.ibec-its.org52

Reduce Work Zone Delay

Implement work zone

safety and mobilityfinal rule

Reduce Incident Delay


53/242

www.ibec-its.org53

Reduce Incident Delay

Move it laws

Quick clearancepolicies

Full function servicepatrols

Integrated

transportation / lawenforcementtechnology

Improve Traffic Signal Timing


54/242

www.ibec-its.org54

Improve Traffic Signal Timing

Increase

awareness/funding(Self Assessments andNational Report Card)

Champion regularsignal retimingprograms

Release AdaptiveControl Software (ACS)

Springfield, MO

Lite

Future Direction for ITS:I E


55/242

www.ibec-its.org55

In Europe Major investment in Galileo (the European Global satellite

navigation system)

Increasing emphasis placed on eSAFETY systems (collisionavoidance etc) Underpinned by Information and Communication Technologies (ICT)

Move is towards: Intelligent ICT-based transportation (Co-operative vehicle highways,

eCALL systems etc)

Improved traffic and travel information Improved traffic management and road safety

ECs aims for the transport sector are: More competitive alternatives (to the private vehicle)

Integrated, greener, smarter, and safer transport systems

7th EC Framework to start in 2007 and last until 2013

What Should be Delivered


56/242

www.ibec-its.org56

Europe-Wide Traveller Information Services

providing the European traveller with comprehensive real

time traffic information well-informed travel plans (pre-trip information)

decisions during the journey (on-trip)

focusing on real time, multi modal information

Europe-Wide Traffic Management Services to detect incidents and emergencies

ensuring safe and efficient use of the road network

travellers and haulers also for cross-border transport.

What Should be Delivered


57/242

www.ibec-its.org57

Freight and Logistics Services optimise the capacity and efficiency of goods transport by

providing safe and efficient access to intermodal terminals

provide the European hauler with dedicated seamless servicesinformation on the TERN.

effective management of hazardous or sensitive cargo willcontribute to the overall goals and objectives of this activity.

Connected ICT Infrastructure providing the end user services with data from systems that

monitor the road situation in real time

will also enable cross-border interoperability and continuity ofservices through harmonised data provided by connectedsystems.

The Way Forward for ITSin China


58/242

www.ibec-its.org58

in China Often starting from a clean sheet, the opportunity exists for

China to develop a strong ITS sustainable transport network;

Learn, dont copy, experiences, of international implementations;

Recognise the importance of design and operationalmanagement, otherwise what is planned is not often delivered;

Develop full and well thought through implementations; evaluatethe results and demonstrate that ITS can contribute toward andeffective sustainable transport system if properly developed.


59/242

www.ibec-its.org59

Questions?

Agenda


60/242

www.ibec-its.org60

g

Introduction


Break

Maximizing Your ITS Investment: Introduction Maximizing Your ITS Investment: A Process (Part 1)

Lunch



Break





61/242

www.ibec-its.org61

Maximizing Your ITSInvestment: Introduction

Section Overview


62/242

www.ibec-its.org62

This section will answer a series of questions:

What is ITS evaluation?

Who conducts ITS evaluation?

Role of EU and US Governments

Why evaluate ITS?

How do we select the level of evaluation?

What are the benefits of evaluation?

What are the guiding principles In Europe?

In the US?

What is Evaluation?


63/242

www.ibec-its.org63

The reasoned consideration of how well projectgoals and objectives are being achieved

A feedback mechanism to ensure that projectgoals and objectives are met or exceeded

IMPLEMENTATION

User Needs

Strategy

Identify ProjectObjectives

Pre-ImplementationEvaluation

Monitoring

Post-ImplementationEvaluation

FeedbackImprove

operations

Inform

Decision

Makers

IMPLEMENTATION

User Needs

Strategy



Monitoring


FeedbackImprove

operations

Inform

Decision

Makers

Is Evaluation a ReportCard?


64/242

www.ibec-its.org64

Card? Evaluation is a process, not a report card

IMPLEMENTATION

User Needs

Strategy


Pre-Implementation

Evaluation

Monitoring

Post-Implementation

Evaluation

FeedbackImprove

operations

InformDecision

Makers

IMPLEMENTATION

User Needs

Strategy


Pre-Implementation

Evaluation

Monitoring

Post-Implementation

Evaluation

FeedbackImprove

operations

InformDecision

Makers

Is it Acceptable to Reporton Our Failures?


65/242

www.ibec-its.org65

on Our Failures? In ITS evaluation it is acceptable to report our

successes and our failures

In fact it is critical that we report both

Sometimes we learn more from what didnt work then we dofrom what did

Who Conducts ITSEvaluations?


66/242

www.ibec-its.org66

Evaluations? In Europe and the US evaluations are conducted at

the local level and Federal/EU level

Most important consideration is independence

Why Do We Evaluate ITS?


67/242

www.ibec-its.org67

Understand the impacts

Quantify the benefits

Help make future investment decisions Optimize existing system operation or design

To improve the surface transportation system

How Do We Select the Levelof Evaluation Required?


68/242

www.ibec-its.org68

of Evaluation Required?

Level of evaluation required dependant on:

Maturity of technology

Objectives of the evaluation

Scale of the project

Requirements of the funding agencies

Impact of the Maturity ofTechnology


69/242

www.ibec-its.org69

ec o ogy

Level of Evaluation Required

0.00

0.50

1.00

1.50

2.00

2.50

3.00

3.50

4.00

4.50

5.00

Idea (New

Concept)

Plan Prototype Pilot of f r oad Pilot on r oad Large scale

demonstration(level of

benefit in

question)

Implementation

(provenbenefits but

highly location

dependant)

Full scale

implementation(Proven

product,

predictable

benefits)

Level of Application development

LevelofEvaluatio

Remaining evaluation to beundertaken on Application

Continuum of Techniques forEvaluation


70/242

www.ibec-its.org70

Idea PlanProto-type

Pilottest

Large-scaledemos

Delphi

Simulation & models

Field trials

Checklist

Laboratory tests

Full-scaleimplementation

Impact monitoring

S1

How can ITS Evaluation beUseful: Process Improvement


71/242

www.ibec-its.org71

Useful: Process Improvement In-Vehicle Navigation Deployment to Public Sector in

Texas

Initial reaction was lukewarm Evaluation revealed ineffective training

and maintenance

When these improved, satisfactionincreased substantially

Para-transit drivers now demand vehiclewith units

Slide 71

S1 Suggest adding exxamples as a "fly in" box of some type.SAIC, 9/28/2003


72/242

How can ITS Evaluation beUseful: Programming Assistance


73/242

www.ibec-its.org72

g g Metropolitan Model Deployment Evaluation

Aided traveler information resource allocation andprogramming decisions

Versus

How can ITS Evaluationbe Useful: Policy Analysis

S3


74/242

www.ibec-its.org73

y y Minnesota Ramp Metering

Public / Legislative questions ofeffectiveness

Shut system down for evaluation Freeway travel times increased 22%

while meters were off

This led to increased public support

Led to operational improvements

Slide 73

S3 Too much text/too many sub-bullets on slide. Seems to be a mixture of points and examples.SAIC, 9/28/2003


75/242

Guiding Principles(Europe)- 1/3


76/242

www.ibec-its.org74

( p ) Be clear about the reasons for undertaking evaluation

Use and build on national approaches to ex ante

appraisal and ex post evaluation Ensure national objectives are adopted within the

evaluation framework

Clearly state the objectives of the application



77/242

www.ibec-its.org75

( p ) Clearly describe the environment in which the ITS

application resides

Clearly describe the measurement approach taken Determine the spatial and temporal perspective of the

evaluation

Use well-established indicators in measuring theimpacts



78/242

www.ibec-its.org76

p Express the results in real and not just relative

numbers

Clearly indicate the level of statistical significance ofthe result, if appropriate

Provide supporting information

Guiding Principles (USA)


79/242

www.ibec-its.org77

Focus limited evaluation resources on data gaps

Develop and follow a standardized approach

Use sound scientific methods

Allow visibility into the process

Ensure consistency and transferability

Carefully set the context

Report on impacts Positive and Negative

Evaluation is a ProcessEvaluation is a Process


80/242

www.ibec-its.org78

Questions?

Agenda


81/242

www.ibec-its.org79

Introduction


Break

Maximizing Your ITS Investment: Introduction Maximizing Your ITS Investment: A Process (Part 1)

Lunch


Evaluation Case Studies (Part 1) Break





82/242

www.ibec-its.org80

Maximizing Your ITSInvestment: A Process

Section Overview


83/242

www.ibec-its.org81

This section will introduce:

Present a common approach to evaluation

Walk through each major step

The Evaluation Process inEurope and North America


84/242

www.ibec-its.org82

1. Form an evaluation team

2. Develop an evaluation strategy

3. Develop an evaluation plan or plans4. Develop test plans

5. Perform data collection and analysis

6. Reporting

DevelopDevelop

Evaluation ProcessEvaluation Process


85/242

ReportingReporting

DevelopDevelop

Evaluation & TestEvaluation & TestPlanPlan

StrategyStrategyForm EvaluationForm EvaluationTeamTeam Identify Project

Objectives

Strategy

User Needs

Data Collection & AnalysisData Collection & Analysis

IMPLEMENTATION

Refine Strategy


Monitoring


Feedback

Improve

operations

InformDecision

Makers

DevelopDevelop

Evaluation Process: Form EvaluationTeamEvaluation Process: Form EvaluationTeam


86/242


ReportingReporting

DevelopDevelop


StrategyStrategyForm EvaluationForm EvaluationTeamTeam

IMPLEMENTATION


Strategy

Refine Strategy


Monitoring


Feedback

Improve

operations

InformDecision

Makers

User Needs

Form the Evaluation Team


87/242

www.ibec-its.org85

Need to decide who will be involved

Questions of independence

Access to data

Need for an evaluation champion

Evaluation Process: Develop Strategy

DevelopDevelop

SS

Evaluation Process: Develop Strategy

F E l iF E l i


88/242


ReportingReporting

DevelopDevelop



IMPLEMENTATION


Strategy

Refine Strategy


Monitoring


FeedbackImprove

operations

InformDecision

Makers

User Needs

Developing a Strategy


89/242

www.ibec-its.org87

Evaluation Strategy Elements What is the problem to be

addressed?

What are the project objectives? What are the evaluation objectives?

What is the general evaluationapproach?

Technical Analysis Impact Analysis

User Analysis

Socio-Economic Analysis

Financial Analysis

Identify Project Objectives

Id if h bj i f h i l


90/242

www.ibec-its.org88

Identify the objectives of the system implementers

In US Why was the project implemented?

In Europe What are the goals of the effort?

What is the problem that is being addressed?What is the problem that is being addressed?

Consider User Needs


91/242

www.ibec-its.org89

Must consider needs of the project and the evaluationfrom the perspective of:

Users: Traffic managers and operators, passengers,

commercial drivers, emergency services, etc.

Decision makers: Those responsible for production,introduction, and/or implementation of ITS applications: Governmental agencies, road infrastructure owners, system operators

Consider Needs of OtherStakeholders and Funding Agencies Oth St k h ld


92/242

www.ibec-its.org90

Other Stakeholders: Residents along a highway

Citizens of a town affected by poor air quality

Requirements and Preferences of Authorities (European Union,U.S., National, Regional) Improving system interoperability

Promoting the transport telematics industrial sector

International, national or regional objectives of improving transportefficiency in a specific area

Develop EvaluationObjectivesCross reference the following evaluation areas to Project


93/242

www.ibec-its.org91

Technical Assessment: system performance, reliability

Impact Assessment: safety, environment, transport efficiency,user behavior, etc

User Acceptance Assessment: users opinions, preferences,willingness to pay

Socio-economic Evaluation: benefits and costs of systemimplementation

Financial Assessment: capital/operating costs

Cross reference the following evaluation areas to ProjectObjectives and User Needs

Technical Assessment

Determines technical parameters of system


94/242

www.ibec-its.org92

Determines technical parameters of systemperformance Delay time of system reaction

Capacity of information link Hardware reliability

Determines how far a system meets technicalrequirements and expected objectives

Does not address impacts of system beyond itsboundaries

Impact Assessment

M t ti ti f ff t f


95/242

www.ibec-its.org93

Measurement or estimation of effects of anapplication

Safety and Security

Environmental conditions

Transport efficiency/economy

. . . For the particular Target Groups likely tobe affected

Socio-economicAssessment Estimation of social gains and losses resulting from


96/242

www.ibec-its.org94

Estimation of social gains and losses resulting fromimplementation in comparison with:

The existing situation, or

Alternatives Measures of:

Direct and indirect costs and benefits

Non-monetary factors

Typical approaches:

Cost-benefit analysis

Multi-criteria analysis (utility analysis)

User AcceptanceAssessment Estimates users attitudes toward and perception of


97/242

www.ibec-its.org95

Estimates users attitudes toward and perception ofapplication(s) investigated

Users may be Operators who implement and operate the system

Passengers using the service

Drivers who buy and use in-vehicle equipment for the service

Measures of interest to drivers:

Improvements in safety Travel time reliability

Etc

Financial Assessment

Appropriate when application is intended to affect


98/242

www.ibec-its.org96

Appropriate when application is intended to affectcapital or operating costs of a transport service

Only impacts internal to the application and its costs

Investment and operating costs

Revenues

Important input: Evidence of users willingness to buy

or use the service

May combine elements ofall E g Electronic Freight Manifest described earlier combines the


99/242

www.ibec-its.org97

E.g. Electronic Freight Manifest described earlier combines thefollowing assessments

Technical data reliability

Impact changes in supply chain efficiency Socio-economic benefits to the public

User Acceptance continuation of program beyond pilot

Financial Return on investment

DevelopDevelop

StrategyStrategy

Evaluation Process: Evaluation andTest Plans

Form EvaluationForm EvaluationTTeam


100/242


ReportingReporting

DevelopDevelop



IMPLEMENTATION


Strategy

Refine Strategy


Monitoring


FeedbackImprove

operations

InformDecision

Makers

User Needs

DevelopDevelop


Evaluation Process: EvaluationPlans


101/242


ReportingReporting

DevelopDevelop

EvaluationEvaluation & Test& TestPlanPlan


IMPLEMENTATION


Strategy

Refine Strategy


Monitoring


FeedbackImprove

operations

InformDecision

Makers

User Needs

Elements of an EvaluationPlan Evaluation Approach


102/242

www.ibec-its.org100

Evaluation Approach

Statement of hypotheses

Refinement of testing approach

Evaluation Management plan

Preliminary description of final reports and outreachplan

Statement of Hypotheses

What are evaluation hypotheses?


103/242

www.ibec-its.org101

What are evaluation hypotheses?

If-then statements about outcomes

Should be measurable

Should be testable

How do we develop them?

Translated from evaluation goals and expected impacts

Sample Hypothesis:Portlands Transit Tracker


104/242

www.ibec-its.org102

Evaluation Objective Assess bus riders perceptions of personal security

Hypothesis

Transit Tracker will increase bus riders perceptions ofpersonal security


105/242

What Makes a GoodMetric? Is accepted by and meaningful to the customer


106/242

www.ibec-its.org104

Tells how well goals and objectives are being met

Is simple, understandable, logical, and repeatable

Shows a trend Is unambiguously defined

Allows for economical data collection

Is timely Is sensitive

Source: Serving The American Public: Best Practices In PerformanSource: Serving The American Public: Best Practices In Performance Measurementce Measurement

((http://govinfo.library.unt.edu/npr/library/papers/benchmrk/nprbohttp://govinfo.library.unt.edu/npr/library/papers/benchmrk/nprbook.htmlok.html))

US National ITS ProgramGoals and Measures - 1/2

Goal Area Measure


107/242

www.ibec-its.org105

Safety Reduction in the overall rate of crashes

Reduction in the rate of crashes resulting in fatalitiesReduction in the rate of crashes resulting in injuries

Mobility Reduction in travel time delayReduction in travel time variability

Improvement in customer satisfaction

US National ITS ProgramGoals and Measures - 2/2

Goal Area Measure


108/242

www.ibec-its.org106

Efficiency Increase in freeway and arterialthroughput

Productivity Cost savings

Energy and Decrease in vehicle emissions

the Environment Decrease in vehicle energyconsumption

Customer Satisfaction is the Bottom LineCustomer Satisfaction is the Bottom Line

Surrogate Measures

Its not always possible to obtain objective measures


109/242

www.ibec-its.org107

Often we need to use surrogates Safety

Have used speed variability as an indicator of crash risk Environment

Have derived environmental impacts from speed profiles

Security

Requires creative surrogates such as reporting frequency, responsetime, etc.

Case Study: Variable SpeedLimits - Denmark


110/242

www.ibec-its.org108

Construction SiteConstruction Site

Testing Approach Denmark VariableSpeed Limit Example

Objective Hypothesis Measure ofEffectiveness

Data Source Method ofAnalysis


111/242

www.ibec-its.org109

y

Determine ifdrivers comply

with postedspeeds

Drivers willcomply with

posted speeds

Posted speeds

Actual speeds

Driver perception

Logs

Loop data

Questionnaire

DescriptiveStatistics

Telephone survey

Determineimpacts on speedvariability

System will leadto morehomogeneous

speeds

Speed variability Loop data Analysis ofVariance

Determine impacton traffic flow

System will leadto morehomogenousflows

Flow variability Loop Data Analysis ofVariance

Investigatemaintenancerequirements

The system will beeasy to set upand workreliably

Implementerperceptions

Mean TimeBetween Failure

Interview results

System logs

Descriptivestatistics

Testing Approach Denmark VariableSpeed Limit Example

Objective Hypothesis Measure ofEffectiveness

Data Source Method ofAnalysis


112/242

www.ibec-its.org110

Determine ifdrivers complywith postedspeeds

Drivers willcomply withpo

Posted speeds

Actual speeds

Driver perception

Logs

Loop data

Questionnaire

DescriptiveStatistics

Telephone susted speeds

rvey

Determine impactson speedvariability

System will lead tomorehomogeneousspeeds

Speed variability Loop data Analysis ofVariance

Determine impacton traffic flow

System will lead tomorehomogenousflows

Flow Loop Data Analysis ofVariance

variability

Investigatemaintenancerequirements

The system will beeasy to set upand work reliably

Implementerperceptions

Mean TimeBetween Failure

Interview results

System logs

Descriptivestatistics

Evaluation ManagementPlan

iFlorida SecurityEvaluation

EvaluationStrategy


113/242

www.ibec-its.org111

Schedule

Work Breakdown Structure / Resource Allocation

Describe Coordination with project staff

Data Management Plan

EvaluationManagement

Evaluation TestPlan

Data Collection AnalysisReporting of

Findings

Strategy

EvaluationPlan

FinalizeObjectives

FinalizeHypotheses

Identify DataRequirements

Design DataCollection

Design DataAnalysis

SpecifyReportContent

EstimateResourcesRequired

ConductInterviews

Collect LogData

Produce C&CReport

SynthesizeInterviews

Analyze LogData

MonitorProgress

Integrate withOther

Evaluations

ConductVulnerabilityAssessments

ReviewVulnerabilityAssessments

ObserveMock

Exercises

Review MockExercises

Produce VAReport

ProduceEvacuation

Report

Description of Final Reportsand Outreach Plan

SignalPriority Everyone


114/242

www.ibec-its.org112

Thats theGame!

Special Events

Case StudyRiver City SEMS

Technical Report

EveryoneWins!

Signal PriorityBrochure

Travel Time Variability

6-7 am7-8 am

8-9 am9-10 am

Barbur

I-5

53

42 44

52

4342

41 43

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

Speed

(mph)

Day 3

ITS America

Presentation

Protecting theTransportationSystem

ConfidentialVulnerability

Assessment

DevelopDevelop

StrategyStrategy

Evaluation Process: Test PlanEvaluation Process: Test Plan

Form EvaluationForm EvaluationTeamTeam Identify Project


115/242


ReportingReporting

DevelopDevelop

Evaluation &Evaluation & TestTestPlanPlan

IMPLEMENTATION

Objectives

Strategy

Refine Strategy


Monitoring


FeedbackImprove

operations

InformDecision

Makers

User Needs

Example: Freight ReservationSystem (FIRST)


116/242

www.ibec-its.org114

Develop Evaluation TestPlans The Detailed Methodology for the evaluation

O


117/242

www.ibec-its.org115

One or more test plans for each test

Lays out how test will be conducted

Identifies Staff

Equipment and supplies

Procedures

Timing of evaluation tests

Sample Elements of theFIRST Test Plan

1A surveyor to be locatednear the security booth, but


118/242

www.ibec-its.org116

2. Surveyor

Gatehouse

1. Surveyor

may have to movedependent on the end ofthe queue. Theresponsibility of thissurveyor is to mark down acontainer number and thetime it passed then radiothat information to surveyor#2.2A surveyor to be locatednear the gatehouse. Thissurveyor will be

responsible for measuringand recording the time theidentified unit arrived at thegate for processing.

Additionally this surveyorwill monitor a randomsampling of vehicles in

process at the gate.

TransactionType

TotalNumber of

Vehicles

PercentTrouble

Average Timein Terminal

(Minutes)Empty In

Empty Out

Load In

Load Out

Chassis In

Chassis Out

Develop& Analysis

Develop

StrategyStrategy

Evaluation Process: Data CollectionEvaluation Process: Data Collection& Analysis

Form EvaluationForm Evaluation

TeamTeam Identify ProjectObjectives


119/242


ReportingReporting

DevelopDevelop


IMPLEMENTATION

Objectives

Strategy

Refine Strategy


Monitoring


FeedbackImprove

operations

InformDecision

Makers

User Needs

Data Collection andAnalysis: Overview Implementation of each test plan

Th th l h


120/242

www.ibec-its.org118

There are three general approaches:

Before and After Studies Accident rates before and after ramp metering

With and Without Studies Satisfaction of travelers with and without in-vehicle navigation devices

Performance Improvements Human factors analysis of traveler information web site interface

Data Collection and Analysis:Pre-Implementation Activities

Collect before data identified in test plans Objective - Baseline speed profiles


121/242

www.ibec-its.org119

Objective Baseline speed profiles

Subjective Travelers satisfaction with existing transit service

Work with implementers to facilitate after data

Provide early feedback

Share baseline data, past experiences

Consider Undertaking a Design Review

Evaluation of systems engineering processes

Experience in ITSImplementation Delays

Deployments of ITS are often delayed This can impact evaluation


122/242

www.ibec-its.org120

p Schedule

Resources

Validity of results

Work with project partners for realistic assessments of schedule

Consider with and without studies where possible

Automate data collection as much as possible

Data Collection and Analysis:During Implementation Activities

Monitor deployment as specified in test plans

Record the deployment experience


123/242

www.ibec-its.org121

Record the deployment experience

Deployment Costs

Challenges

Mitigation strategies

Unique approaches

Lessons that will aid others in similar deployments

Data Collection and Analysis:Post Implementation Activities

Collect after data identified in test plans

Obtaining data may be simplified


124/242

www.ibec-its.org122

g y p

System itself may automatically provide data

Obtaining appropriate data may be difficult Need to account for learning curve

Need to control for external factors Other improvements

Seasonal Weather

Phoenix Cross-Jurisdictional SignalCoordination Example: Overview

Si l C di t dSi l C di t d


125/242

www.ibec-its.org123

Signals CoordinatedSignals Coordinated

within Scottsdalewithin ScottsdaleSignals CoordinatedSignals Coordinated

within Tempewithin TempeNo coordination atNo coordination at

jurisdictionaljurisdictionalboundaryboundary

City of ScottsdaleCity of Scottsdale City of TempeCity of Tempe

Phoenix Cross-Jurisdictional SignalCoordination Example: Overview

ITS Allows CoordinationITS Allows Coordination

along entire length ofalong entire length of


126/242

www.ibec-its.org124

along entire length ofalong entire length of

RoadwayRoadway

City of ScottsdaleCity of Scottsdale City of TempeCity of Tempe

Data Collection Activities

Collected before data for 3 days before and after changes Allowed 1 month between data collection period

M d I U i


127/242

www.ibec-its.org125

Measured Impact Using Floating Cars

GPS Equipped Vehicles 301 trips through corridor

Controlled for External Factors with Tube Counts

Turning Movement Counts

Phoenix Cross-Jurisdictional SignalCoordination Example: Results

Numerous statistically significantimprovements 1% reduction in stops


128/242

www.ibec-its.org

Northbound Southbound

AM Peak Midday PM Peak AM Peak Midday PM PeakAverage

Speed BEFORE

(km/h)

45.4 43.5 38.5 47.5 46.9 29.5 41.9

Speed AFTER(km/h)

(% change)

47.9(+5.5%)

46.0(+5.7%)

41.0(+6.5%)

48.2(+1.5%)

45.4(-3.2%)

38.7(+31%)

44.5(+6.2%)

1% reduction in stops

2% reduction in fuel consumption

7% reduction in crash risk 6% increase in speeds

as detailed below:

Phoenix Cross-Jurisdictional SignalCoordination Example: Results fromMicro-Simulation Also used micro-simulation to study potential impacts

of alternative signal timing plans


129/242

www.ibec-its.org127

g g p

Could lead to reduce delay

Stops were reduced 1% in deployed conditions Could be reduced 10% under further signal improvements

Could lead to further energy benefits Fuel consumption was reduced 2% in deployed conditions

Could be reduced 6% under further signal improvements

D l

DevelopDevelop

StrategyStrategy

Evaluation Process: ReportingEvaluation Process: Reporting

Form EvaluationForm Evaluation

TeamTeam Identify ProjectObjectives


130/242


ReportingReporting

DevelopDevelop


IMPLEMENTATION

Strategy

Refine Strategy


Monitoring


FeedbackImprove

operations

InformDecision

MakersUser Needs

Reporting and Feedback

Evaluation Is not a report card

I i ( i i )


131/242

www.ibec-its.org129

It is a process (continuous improvement)

It provides a perspective for others

It is vital to explain the context in which the application residesand the context in which the evaluation was undertaken

Evaluation can help shape international national agendas

Need to report successes and failures

Reporting and FeedbackActivities Target reporting to maximise benefit

Presentation to the board
http://www.benefitcost.its.dot.gov/http://www.benefitcost.its.dot.gov/


132/242

www.ibec-its.org130

Internal memos

Cost reporting Formal Reports

Provide feedback to implementation

Identify weak areas to be improved Identify strong areas to build on for

both existing and new implementations

Reporting Results: In theU.S. Projects receiving certain ITS federal funds are

required to transmit results of evaluation Fi ld O ti l T t (FOT )


133/242

www.ibec-its.org131

Field Operational Tests (FOTs)

ITS earmark projects Reports to be submitted to ITS benefits and costs database

http://www.benefitcost.its.dot.gov

Transmittal of results only requested of locally-

funded projects

Reporting Results: InEurope Dependant on National Rules

For EU (part) funded projects the evaluation


134/242

www.ibec-its.org132

requirement varies:

TEMPO Trans-European Network ITS projects Must carry out evaluations, must report in common format for EU

6th Framework Research Programme Results must be disseminated

Reporting Activities

Audience Needs Report Style


135/242

www.ibec-its.org133

General Public Awareness information Sunday Supplement info, video

presentations

Board of Directors High-level, summary info PowerPoint Presentation

Mid-LevelManagers

General information, limitedtechnical detail

Briefing book summarydocument, 8 12 pages

Technical Staff Detailed information and

implementation support

Implementation Guides; 60 100

pages

EU Tempo Framework -1/2 Summary of Methods and ResultsSummary of Methods and Results Aimed at those undertaking evaluationsAimed at those undertaking evaluations

Seeks to enable accurate comparison between projectsSeeks to enable accurate comparison between projects


136/242

www.ibec-its.org134

Seeks to enable accurate comparison between projectsSeeks to enable accurate comparison between projects

Contents listContents list

Description of the problemDescription of the problem Description of the ITS projectDescription of the ITS project

Evaluation MethodologyEvaluation Methodology

Impacts of the ProjectImpacts of the Project

Transferability of the ResultsTransferability of the Results Technical AnnexTechnical Annex

Length 20Length 20--30 pages30 pages

EU Tempo Framework -2/2 Designed so that results can be summarised into one to two pageDesigned so that results can be summarised into one to two page

information notes and guidance for decision makersinformation notes and guidance for decision makers


137/242

www.ibec-its.org135

Designed so that those interested in the detail of the evaluatioDesigned so that those interested in the detail of the evaluation cann can

request more informationrequest more information


138/242

www.ibec-its.org136

Questions?

Agenda

Introduction Overview of ITS in North America and Europe

Break


139/242

www.ibec-its.org137

Maximizing Your ITS Investment: Introduction


Lunch



Break





140/242

Background: South LakeTahoe Rural resort community at the

California-Nevada state border atthe south end of Lake Tahoe

Popular for casinos, beaches,


141/242

www.ibec-its.org139

Popular for casinos, beaches,skiing

Peak tourist seasons in summerand winter

Background: Transit inTahoe Area spans two counties intwo states - regional planning

agency (TRPA) overseesentire area including transit


142/242

www.ibec-its.org140

Transit services in South

Lake Tahoe Fixed Route

BlueGO Fixed Route forresidents

Nifty 50 Trolley for tourists

Demand-Responsive BlueGO Door-to-Door for

residents Casino Shuttle for tourists

Background: CTS Project

Consolidation of casino shuttles Consolidation of operation of all 4 transit services Addition of ITS technologies


143/242

www.ibec-its.org141

3 Separat e Casino Shut t les for 3 Main Casinos15 vehicles

Harrahs Harveys Caesar s

1 Common Casino Shut t le for all Casinos and Hot els

5 vehicles

Background: ITS Technologiesfor Transit Operator

Automated Vehicle Location (AVL) Dispatchers and supervisors track vehicles

through GPS and monitor on-time performance

Computer Aided Dispatch (CAD)


144/242

www.ibec-its.org142

Computer-Aided Dispatch (CAD)

Trips reserved through automated tripreservation system automatically scheduledand assigned to drivers

Mobile Data Terminals (MDTs)

Messages transmitted betweendrivers and dispatch

Background: ITS Technologiesfor Transit Customers

Automated Trip Reservation Systemfor the Casino Shuttle

Trip reservation kiosks at all 5 casinosand at 25 hotels


145/242

www.ibec-its.org143

and at 25 hotels

Dedicated phoneswith direct connection to dispatchers(over 50 dedicated phones)

Project Goals

Provide same level of service at a lower cost Improve operational efficiency

Technology (e.g., previously had paper manifests for drivers) Less shuttles in operation at a given time


146/242

www.ibec-its.org144

Less shuttles in operation at a given time

One service provider for all 4 transit services Improve customer satisfaction to grow transit ridership and

get people out of cars (particularly tourists)

Form the Evaluation Team

Led by independent evaluation contractor (SAIC) Included experts in

Transit operations Data collection and analysis


147/242

www.ibec-its.org145

y Survey design and survey analysis

Included representatives from Deployment team (CTS Board, TRPA,etc) Federal Department of Transportation


ReportingReporting

DevelopDevelopEvaluation & TestEvaluation & Test

PlanPlan

DevelopDevelop

StrategyStrategyForm EvaluationForm Evaluation

TeamTeam

IMPLEMENTATION


Strategy

Refine Strategy


Monitoring


FeedbackImprove

operations

InformDecision

MakersUser Needs

Develop EvaluationStrategy Perform a limited quantitative systems impact study

Limited because we found that it is difficult to get data whenworking with casinos most of their numbers are consideredproprietary


148/242

www.ibec-its.org146

p p y

Perform a customer satisfaction study

Interview stakeholders to document challenges, institutionalissues, and lessons learned to share with other agencies


ReportingReporting

DevelopDevelop

Evaluation & TestEvaluation & Test

PlanPlan

DevelopDevelop


TeamTeam

IMPLEMENTATION


Strategy

Refine Strategy


Monitoring


FeedbackImprove

operations

InformDecision

MakersUser Needs

Develop Evaluation andTest Plans

Evaluation Objectives Hypotheses Measures of Effectiveness

CTS will result in increasedtransit ridership

Ridership

CTS will result in increased useof transit by visitors

Ridership on visitor-orientedtransit services

Assess the impact of CTS ontransit ridership


149/242

www.ibec-its.org147

Assess the impact of CTS on

traffic congestion

ITS will result in reduced traffic

Volumes

Traffic volumes on segments of

US 50 relative to visitor activity

Number of passengers carriedreltransit system efficiency operate with greater efficiency

than the existing transit systemative to service provided

Assess the impact of CTS on With CTS, transit services will

Transit operating costs relativeto service provided

Assess transit operator

perceptions of the system andthe technologies

CTS will benefit transit operators Transit operator perceptions of

CTS benefits

Assess the impact of CTS oncustomer satisfaction with transitservices in South Lake Tahoe

With CTS, transit riders will bemore satisfied with availabletransit services

Passenger perceptions ofreliability, wait time, and traveltime


ReportingReporting


PlanPlan

DevelopDevelop


TeamTeam

IMPLEMENTATION


Strategy

Refine Strategy


Monitoring


FeedbackImprove

operations

InformDecision

MakersUser Needs

Data Collection andAnalysis Collected and analyzed before/after customer intercept surveys(distributed on-board casino shuttle)

Collected 694 surveys in total Baseline surveys - Aug 2002 P t d l t A 2004 / M 2005


150/242

www.ibec-its.org148

Post-deployment surveys - Aug 2004 / Mar 2005

Gathered and analyzed before/after data Traffic volume Transit ridership Room-nights sold

Casino revenue Performed interviews at key stages in the project and synthesizedfindings


ReportingReporting

DevelopDevelop


PlanPlan

DevelopDevelop


IMPLEMENTATION


Strategy

Refine Strategy


Monitoring


FeedbackImprove

operations

InformDecision

MakersUser Needs

Findings TechnologicalChallenges

Automated phone trip reservation system Too few phone lines, long queues, system hang-ups, callers stuck in

endless loops Pulled the automated system and working out these bugs before

turning it back on to customers


151/242

www.ibec-its.org149

turning it back on to customers

Automated kiosk trip reservation system Initial roll-out suffered a lot of problems User interface too complicated for many users Worked with system integrator to simplify menu from 7-8 screens to

only 2 screens and reactivated kiosks 6 months later


ReportingReporting

DevelopDevelop


PlanPlan

DevelopDevelop


TeamTeam

IMPLEMENTATION


Strategy

Refine Strategy


Monitoring


FeedbackImprove

operations

InformDecision

MakersUser Needs

Findings Impact on TransitRidership / Traffic Volumes

Traffic volumes decreased from 2003 to 2005 Winter peak traffic decreased by 10.2% Summer peak traffic decreased by 7.7%

7.5% increase in ridership on casino shuttle over this same timei d


152/242

www.ibec-its.org150

period Percent of tourists with access to a car while in Tahoe dropped

from 91% to 80% from 2002 to 2004

Monthly CTS Casino Shuttle Ridership - October 2003 to

September 2005

0

5,000

10,000

15,000

20,000

25,000

Oct-03

Nov-03

Dec-03

Jan-04

Feb-04

Mar-04

Apr-04

May-04

Jun-04

Jul-04

Aug-04

Sep-04

Oct-04

Nov-04

Dec-04

Jan-05

Feb-05

Mar-05

Apr-05

May-05

Jun-05

Jul-05

Aug-05

Sep-05M

on

thlyPassengerTrips


ReportingReporting

DevelopDevelop


PlanPlan

DevelopDevelop


IMPLEMENTATION


Strategy

Refine Strategy


Monitoring


FeedbackImprove

operations

InformDecision

MakersUser Needs


153/242

Findings Impact on TransitOperators

Drivers Benefit in receiving automated trip changes through their Mobile Data

Terminals

Dispatchers Benefit in having real-time vehicle location at their fingertips can tell


154/242

www.ibec-its.org152

Benefit in having real-time vehicle location at their fingertips can tell

customers where the buses are when they call Benefit in having kiosk trip requests automatically assigned by the CAD

system


ReportingReporting

DevelopDevelop


PlanPlan

DevelopDevelop


TeamTeam

IMPLEMENTATION


Strategy

Refine Strategy


Monitoring


FeedbackImprove

operations

InformDecision

MakersUser Needs

Findings Impact onCustomer Satisfaction

Ease of booking a trip 78% of those booking by phone and 67% of those booking via a kiosk

satisfied or very satisfied 90% of baseline survey respondents satisfied or very satisfied

Information received about expected wait time


155/242

www.ibec-its.org153

Information received about expected wait time

72% receiving information by phone satisfied or very satisfied 62% receiving information via a kiosk satisfied or very satisfied

Reported reasons for not using a phone or kiosk to book a trip About 1/3 reported that they were not aware of it 20% of phone users and 16% of kiosk users reported that they were

aware of it but that they did not want to use it

*


ReportingReporting


PlanPlan

DevelopDevelop


TeamTeam

IMPLEMENTATION


Strategy

Refine Strategy


Monitoring


FeedbackImprove

operations

InformDecision

MakersUser Needs


156/242

Findings Institutional Issuesand Lessons Learned

Stakeholders felt that forming a Board was key to their successin managing interests of both public and private stakeholder Strong leader who understands both sides also critical

Found that technology can be challenging when dealing withtourists


157/242

www.ibec-its.org155


ReportingReporting


PlanPlan

DevelopDevelop


TeamTeam

IMPLEMENTATION


Strategy

Refine Strategy


Monitoring


FeedbackImprove

operations

InformDecision

MakersUser Needs

tou sts

New potential customers every day who are not familiar withtransit options or trip reservation technologies

Important to know who your audience is and to do a lot of user-testing

Critical to keep the user interface as simple as possible


158/242

www.ibec-its.org156

Questions?


159/242

www.ibec-its.org157

Case Study: EU Tunnel Safety

EU Tunnel SafetySystems

Inter-continental Channel Tunnel Vehicles transported by train approximately 30km

Urban Tunnels Cities often use motor tunnels to take traffic under rivers or estuaries


160/242

www.ibec-its.org158

Cities often use motor tunnels to take traffic under rivers or estuaries generally less than 1km

Tunnel Types

Inter-continental Channel Tunnel Vehicles transported by train approximately 30km

Interurban Network


161/242

www.ibec-its.org159

Motor tunnels ranging from 2-3 Km, up to 25Km

Urban Tunnels Cities often use motor tunnels to take traffic under rivers or estuaries

generally lest than 1km


162/242

Why Safety Systems?

Mont Blanc Fire on 24 March 1999 emphasised the importance ofsafety in tunnels


163/242

www.ibec-its.org161

41 fatalities

Tunnel carried twice its intended capacity of vehicles

Inaccessible to emergency services

Unique problems, high temperatures, chimney effects, caustic smoke

What Was Learnt FromThis Incident?

Many safety systems turned off or inoperative Reliability is key

No coordinated safety response


164/242

www.ibec-its.org162

No advice given to motorists

Operational safety systems did allow a responsewhen the fire was detected. Some Lives were saved

Pre-Emptive MeasuresRequired

Need to prevent accidents, not just deal with them Tunnels now have lower accident rates than the rest

of the road network


165/242

www.ibec-its.org163

Systems available to prevent accidents Now EU mandate requires all tunnels over 500m long

to have an emergency broadcast system

Over 2000 of these tunnels in Europe

Emergency Broadcast

Emergency broadcast overrides FM signal andprovides in car information over all active radioreceivers in cars


166/242

www.ibec-its.org164

Provides information on actions and routes to take Can be linked to emergency services

Intelligent Road Studs To help Guide Motorists

Light Emitting Diode


167/242

www.ibec-its.org165

Low running costs Choice of colours

Can be controlled or linked

into most ITS Systems

Gabilbier Tunnel

Hardwired studs along the sidewalls Single bore tunnel controlled by traffic lights


168/242

www.ibec-its.org166

Gabilbier Tunnel(Continued)

Studs strobe along current direction of travel

Helps eliminate


169/242

www.ibec-its.org167

optical illusionsof distance

Paris Tunnel d' Antony

On the southern ring road of Paris Delineate the tunnel carriageway edges

Strobe along the tunnel equivalent to the road speed limit of 50kph

Can also be configured that in time of emergency the studs strobe


170/242

www.ibec-its.org168

towards the nearest exit or refuge within the tunnel

Tunnel Systems

Many different components go into making tunnelssafe

Monitoring

S ill


171/242

www.ibec-its.org169

Surveillance Communications

Management and maintenance

Many different systems working together

Tunnel Safety Systems:

Tunnel Safety

Systems


172/242

www.ibec-its.org170

Traffic Related

SystemsCCTV Monitoring

Management

SystemsCommunications

Tunnel Plant

Monitoring and

Control


173/242

CCTV Monitoring

CCTV S stems


174/242

www.ibec-its.org172

CCTV Systems

Inside Tunnel Tunnel approaches Security

Communications

Communications


175/242

www.ibec-its.org173

Emergency

Telephones

Radio

Rebroadcast

Driver instructions from

message boards

Smoke control

panels

Emergency Services Mobile Phones Radio Stations

Tunnel Plant

Tunnel Plant

monitoring

and control

Environmental

Monitoring and Fire Detection

Other Tunnel

Subsystems


176/242

www.ibec-its.org174

gcontrol

Subsystems

Lighting Visibility VentilationPump/Sump

monitoring

Emergency

Panel monitoring

Power Monitoring

And energy

Management

Cross passage

door monitoring

Supply health and

Switching

Generator and UPS

Status


177/242

Evaluation of TunnelSafety Systems

Difficult to test outside of use

Used only in emergency or Drill

Drill conditions differ from genuine use


178/242

www.ibec-its.org176

Drill conditions differ from genuine use

Hence incident required for evaluation

Mont Blanc case study provides an insight into thepotential benefits of investing in Tunnel Safety Systems


179/242

History of Events

17 truck fires between 1965 and 1990, mostly minor and dealtwith quickly

11th January 1990 fire highlighte

10-01-07 china its final course on ibec template

Documents