1. the parts of speech
TRANSCRIPT
OBJECTIVES
•Identify the parts of speech•Determine the part of speech by analyzing the
use of those words in sentences.
(All English-Speaking people should understand the basic components of their language.)
The Noun is used to identify a person, thing, animal, place and abstract idea. Nouns usually occur in the Subject or the Object phrases
Nouns can be plural or singular.
Click on the button to see some examples of nouns:
boygirl
motherfather
People
schoolpark
marketrestaurant
Places
tablebookpencil
car
Things
liontigerdot
elephant
Animals
Nouns
Noun:a word used to name a person, a place, a thing, or an idea
EXAMPLES
Persons: architect travelers family Tiger Woods
Places: restaurant islands wilderness New Orleans
Ideas: education beliefs ambition Utopianism
In addition, nouns may be COMMON and PROPER, CONCRETE and ABSTRACT, COLLECTIVE, and
COMPOUND
Pronouns
• A pronoun is a word that can replace a noun.
• There are two kind of pronouns:
– Personal
– Demonstrative
» Back to Main Page
Personal Pronouns
• Singular
– I– You– He– She– It
• Plural
– We– You– They
Demonstrative Pronouns
• This
• That
• These
• Those
• Such
Pronoun:word used in place of a noun or of more than one noun
EXAMPLES * Angelo borrowed a hammer and some nails. He will return them tomorrow. * Several of the students have entered the essay contest because they are extremely interested in the topic.
TYPES OF PRONOUNS
Personal Pronouns (refers to person speaking, spoken to, or spoken about) First Person: I, me, my, mine, we, us, our, ours Second Person: you, your, yours Third Person: he, him, his, she, her, hers, it, its, they, them, their, theirs
Reflexive (refers to subject) and Intensive (emphasizes) First Person: myself, ourselves Second Person: yourself, yourselves Third Person: himself, herself, itself, themselves
Demonstrative Pronouns (point out)
this that these those
This is our favorite song by Ella Fitzgerald.
The apples I picked today taste better than these.
Interrogative Pronouns (introduce questions)
who whom which what whose
What is the answer to the last algebra problem?
Whose car is parked outside?
Relative Pronouns (introduce subordinate clauses)
that which who whom whose
The house that you saw is a historical landmark.
She is the woman who is running for mayor.
Indefinite Pronouns (refers to person, place, or thing not specifically named)
all another any anybody anyone anything both each either
everybody everyone everything few many more most much
neither nobody none no one nothing one other several
some somebody someone something such
I have packed everything we will need for the trip.
Has anyone seen my binoculars?
Adjectives
- An adjective describes, or modifies, a noun or pronoun.
- Adjectives answer three questions about the nouns that it describes:
- what kind,
- how many, and
- which one.- Normally and adjective goes before the noun it describes. However, there
are some occasions when adjectives are placed after the noun it describes.
- Follow the link to see kinds of adjectives
Adjectives can be Demonstrative, Common and Proper.
thatthis
thosethese
Point out nouns.They answer the question:
which one(s)
Demonstrative
happycolorfulbrightlong
Describes a noun:
Common
IndianIrish
AmericanConstituional
Are made from proper nouns.They are always capitalized
Proper
Type of Adjectives
Adjective:word used to modify a noun or a pronoun
Tells what kind? Which one? How many? How much?brown shoes those cars ten boxes some waterlarge animal this street several books less timenarrow road first step fewer mistakes more spacenice person last one many students enough money
Most frequent adjectives are the articles: a, an, the
Adjective or Pronoun?
Which museum did you visit?Which did you visit?
Leslie Marmon Silko wrote these stories.Leslie Marmon Silko wrote these.
Verbs• A Verb is a word that shows action or being. This is the most important
part of a sentence.• Action verbs are verbs that show action. • There are two main parts to a verb, the main verb and the helping
verbs.– The main verb is the main action or state of being in the sentence.
– Example: The boy jumped over the fence. He is tired.– The helping verbs help the main verb express tenses or times.
» Click to see the twenty three helping verbs:
Verb:word used to express action or a state of being
TYPES OF VERBS
Action Verb (expresses physical or mental activity)Physical write sit arise describe receiveMental remember think believe consider understand
Transitive Verb (takes an object – a word that tells who or what receives the action)
Everyone in the school cheered the football team. (Direct Object)Nikki Giovanni writes poetry. (Direct Object)
Intransitive Verb (does not take an object)The gorilla smiled.Suddenly, the child next to the door screamed.
Linking Verbs:connects the subject with a word that identifies or describes it(sometimes called state-of-being verbs)
COMMONLY USED LINKING VERBSam, is, are, was, were, be, been, beingbe, can be, may be, might be, must be, shall bewill be, could be, should be, would be, has been, have beenhad been, shall have been, will have been, could have been,
should have been, would have beenappear grow seem staybecome look smell tastefeel remain sound turn
LINKING: The soup tasted spicy. (Predicate Adjective)ACTION: We tasted the soup. (Direct Object)
LINKING: She felt good about her presentation. (Predicate Adjective)ACTION: The explorers felt rain on their faces. (Direct Object)
LINKING: The milk smelled sour. (Predicate Adjective) ACTION: I smelled the milk to see whether it was fresh.
(Direct Object) (Predicate Adjective)
The helping verbs are:
• am are is• was were• be being been• do does did• have has had• may must might• can could• will would• shall should
The Verb Phrase:consists of a main verb and at least one helping verb (auxiliary verb)
COMMONLY USED HELPING VERBS
Forms of Be: am, is, are, was, were, be, been, being
Forms of Have: has, have, having, had
Forms of Do: do, does, doing, did
Others: may, might, mustcan, couldshall, shouldwill, would
Adverbs
• Adverbs are words that modify or describe verbs, adjectives, and other adverbs.
• An adverb tells how, when, where and to what extent.
• Click on the link to see some examples:
Adverb:word used to modify a verb, an adjective, or another adverbTells How? When? Where? To what extent? (How much or how often?)
EXAMPLES
Adverbs Modifying Verbs Marian Anderson sang magnificently. (How?) Marian Anderson sang earlier. (When?) Marian Anderson sang there. (Where?) Marian Anderson sang frequently. (To what extent?)
Adverbs Modifying AdjectivesThe players are exceptionally skillful. (To what extent?)The documentary about global warming was quite interesting.
(To what extent?)Adverbs Modifying Other Adverbs
Cheetahs can run extremely fast. (To what extent?)Andre reacted to the news rather calmly. (To what extent?)
My aunt Laurette is just about the nicest (1.)grown-up (2.) that I know. NOUN PRONOUN
I do (3.) not get to see her (4.) very often because she (5.) works in Chicago, ADVERB: do get ADVERB: often VERBbut when she comes (6.) home to visit, I’m in heaven. (7.) What do I like about her?
ADVERB: comes PRONOUNFor one thing, we share (8.) many of the same interests. Both of us play the
PRONOUNpiano, (9.) sew our clothes, and love to make (10.) puns. She is also a VERB NOUN sympathetic listener and lets me tell about (11.) myself without interrupting
PRONOUNor criticizing me. Laurette shares (12.) her own (13.) career stories with me, and
PRONOUN ADJECTIVE: storiessometimes she even asks me for (14.) some advice. A day with Laurette (15.) is
ADJECTIVE: advice VERBsometimes silly and sometimes (16.) serious, but it’s always a delight. As you
ADJECTIVE: day (Predicate Adjective) can see in (17.) this picture of the two of us at the park, I always feel relaxed
ADJECTIVE: picturewith Laurette. She’s living proof that a person (18.) can go through adolescence
VERBand (19.) still emerge as a happy, (20.) highly competent adult! ADVERB: emerge ADVERB: competent
Identify these parts: noun, pronoun, and adjective, adverb with word modified.
Prepositions
• A preposition describes the relationship between other words in a sentence.
• Prepositions are almost always combined with other words in structures called prepositional phrases.
• Click for a list of common Prepositions
Common Prepositionsabout by outside according to
above down over because of
across during since by way of
after except through in addition to
against for throughout in front of
around from till in place of
at in to in regard to
before inside toward in spite of
behind into under instead of
below like until on account of
beneath near up out of
beside of upon
besides off with
between on without
beyond out
Preposition:word used to show the relationship of a noun or pronoun to some other wordin the sentence
A preposition always introduces a phrase. The noun or pronoun that ends a prepositional phrase is called the object ofThe preposition.
EXAMPLES
The playful puppy ran beside me.The playful puppy ran toward me.The playful puppy ran around me.The playful puppy ran past me.The playful puppy ran after me.The playful puppy ran behind me.The playful puppy ran in front of me.
COMMONLY USED PREPOSITIONS
About beneath in throughAbove beside inside throughoutAcross besides into toAfter between like towardAgainst beyond near underAlong but (meaning of underneathAmong “except”) off untilAround by on untoAs down out upAt during outside uponBefore except over withBehind for past withinBelow from since withoutPREPOSITION: We drove around the parking lot.ADVERB: We drove around for a while.
COMMONLY USED COMPOUND PREPOSITIONSAccording to because of in spite ofAlong with by means of instead ofApart from in addition to next toAside from in front of on account ofAs of in place of out of
Conjunctions
• A conjunction is a joiner, a word that connects (conjoins) parts of a sentence.
• Conjunctions can be:» Coordinating
» Subordinating
» Back to Main Page
Coordinating Conjunctions are:
• and• but• or• yet• for• not• so
– It may help you remember these conjunctions by recalling the acronym: FANBOYS
A Subordinating Conjunction comes at the beginning of a Subordinate (or Dependent) Clause and establishes the relationship between the dependent clause and the rest of the sentence.
Common Subordinating Conjunctions:
after if though
although If only till
as In order that unless
as if now that until
as long as once when
as though rather than whenever
because since where
before so that whereas
even if than wherever
even though that while
Interjections
• Interjections are words or phrases used to exclaim or protest or command.
• They sometimes stand by themselves, but they are often contained within larger structures.
– Click to see some examples of common interjections
Some Common Interjections.
Interjection Meaning example
ah Expressing pleasure__________________________Expressing realization_________________________Expressing resignation.
“Ah, that feels good.”__________________________“Ah, now I understand.”_________________________
“Ah, well I can’t do anything else.”
eh Asking for repetition “It’s hot today, eh?” I said, it’s hot today.”
hello Expressing greeting. “Hello Julie. How are you?
hey Calling attention._________________________Expressing surprise
“Hey ! Look that big dog!””
___________________________________“Hey! You made it.”
Conjunction:word used to join words or groups of words
TYPES OF CONJUNCTIONS
Coordinating Conjunctions (connects words or groups of words used in the same way)
and but for nor or so yetWe found a bat and a glove.Will Rogers once claimed, “My forefathers didn’t come over on the Mayflower,but they met the boat.”
Correlative Conjunctions (pairs of conjunctions that connect wordsor groups of words used in the same way)
both . . . and not only . . . but (also)either . . . or whether . . . or neither . . . nor
Both athletes and singers must train for long hours. (connects two words)Either your fuel line is clogged, or your carburetor needs adjusting.
(connects two sentences)
Subordinating Conjunctions (begins a subordinate clause and connects it to an independent clause)
COMMONLY USED SUBORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS
After because since whenAlthough before so that wheneverAs even though than whereAs if how that whereverAs much as if though whetherAs though in order that unless whileAs well as provided until why
We arrived late because our train was delayed.Sherlock Holmes listened quietly while Dr. Watson explained his theory.
Notice: When the subordinate conjunction and clause begins the sentence,it must be set off with a comma (like this sentence).While Dr. Watson explained his theory, Sherlock Holmes listened quietly.
Find these parts of the sentence:Prepositions and Conjunctions (Label Type)
1. Eli Whitney not only invented the cotton gin but also manufactured muskets and other weapons.
2. Nowadays we take the idea of interchangeable parts for granted, but it was a revolutionary concept at that time.
3. For example, when a rifle is constructed with interchangeable parts,a defective part can be replaced quickly and easily with an identically
made piece.
4. Before Eli Whitney introduced the idea of interchangeable parts, manufacturers had to employ many skilled workers.
5. Although the new technology benefited manufacturers, it cost manyworkers their jobs, and this has been the case with most technological advances.
Prepositions and Conjunctions (Label Type)
1. Eli Whitney not only invented the cotton gin but also manufactured muskets and other weapons. not only. . . but also =CORRELATIVE
and = COORDINATING2. Nowadays we take the idea of interchangeable parts for granted,
but it was a revolutionary concept at that time. COORDINATING
3. For example, when a rifle is constructed with interchangeable parts,a defective part can be replaced quickly and easily with an identically
made piece. When = SUBORDINATING and = COORDINATING
4. Before Eli Whitney introduced the idea of interchangeable parts, manufacturers had to employ many skilled workers. SUBORDINATING
5. Although the new technology benefited manufacturers, it cost manyworkers their jobs, and this has been the case with most technological advances. Although = SUBORDINATING and = COORDINATING
Interjection:word used to express emotion
It has no grammatical relation to other words in the sentence.
It is set off from the rest of the sentence with an exclamation point (for strongemotion) or with a comma (for mild emotion).
EXAMPLES
Ah Hey Ouch WhewYikes Oh Well Wow
Ouch! That hurts!Well, I think you should apologize to me.
Determining the part of speech of a word is determined by the way the word is used in a sentence.
EXAMPLES
The coach decided that the team needed more practice.The girls practice every Saturday afternoon.They will have a practice session after school on Wednesday.
Winston-Salem, North Carolina, is the home of the talented Writer Maya Angelou.
The last home game will be played tomorrow night.We decided to stay home.
Celine has won the citizenship award before.The two candidates debated each other before the election.Read the directions before you begin answering the questions.
NounVerbAdjective
Noun
AdjectiveAdverb
AdverbPrepositionConjunction
(SUBORDINATING)
Identify the following parts of speech:Noun, Pronoun, Verb, Adjective, Adverb, Preposition, Conjunction, Interjection (N) (Pron) (V) (Adj) (Adv) (Prep) (Conj) (Interj)
Suddenly the radio announcer broke in on the (1.) musical selection. “A (2.) funnel cloud (3.) has been sighted. (4.) All people should take immediate (5.) precautions!” (6.) Those were the (7.) last words Denise Moore heard (8.) before the electricity went off and the (9.) terrible roar came closer. (10.) She and her two children (11.) ran to the basement (12.) quickly. When they (13.) emerged forty-five minutes later, (14.) they weren’t sure what they might see. (15.) Oh, the terrible wind had (16.) truly performed freakish tricks! It had driven a fork (17.) into a brick up to the handle. It had sucked the (18.) wallpaper from a living room wall (19.) but had left the picture hanging (20.) there intact. It (21.) had driven a blade of grass into the (22.) back of Denise Moore’s neighbor. Nevertheless, the citizens of the (23.) town considered (24.) themselves lucky because (25.) no one had been killed.
1. Adj 2. Adj 3. V 4. Adj 5. N 6. Pron 7. Adj 8. Conj 9. Adj 10. Pron11. V 12. Adv 13. V 14. Pron 15. Interj 16. Adv 17. Prep 18. N 19. Conj
20. Adv 21. V 22. N 23. N 24. Pron 25. Pron
Identify the following parts of speech:Noun, Pronoun, Verb, Adjective, Adverb, Preposition, Conjunction, Interjection (N) (Pron) (V) (Adj) (Adv) (Prep) (Conj) (Interj)1. Hey, nobody who goes to the movies fairly often can fail to notice Interj Pron Adv
this exciting trend! Adj2. In 1991 alone, nineteen feature films directed by African Americans Adj Prep
were released. V3. Whether you know it or not, that’s more than there were in the whole
previous decade.Conj Conj Conj Adj
4. The success of Spike Lee’s films, which include the blockbuster Do the Pron
Right Thing, inspired other young black directors to create their own moviesabout the black experience.
Prep Pron
5. The absorbing stories and real-life settings of these films attract many V
thousands of moviegoers, not just African Americans. N6. Who are some of the black directors building their careers in Hollywood Pron Adj
nowadays? Adv7. Rising stars include Charles Lane, Mario Van Peebles, John Singleton, Bill N V
Duke, and Matty Rich. N8. Their success helps create job opportunities for all types of black film Adj Adj
workers, including hairdressers, actors, stuntpersons, cinematographers, Nand sound technicians.
9. For example, the crew that worked along with John Singleton on his 1991 Pron Prep
film Boyz N the Hood was 90 percent black! Adj10.After you’ve read these facts, maybe you’ll watch the movie listings in your
Conj Vlocal newspaper for some upcoming films from young black directors.
Adj Adj