1 medical terminology: language for healthcare nina thierer lisa breitbard 2 nd edition chapter 21...
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Medical Terminology:Language for Healthcare
Nina ThiererLisa Breitbard 2nd edition
Chapter 21
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
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Terms in Dental Practice
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ObjectivesAfter studying this chapter, you will be able to:
•Name the parts of the body treated in dentistry.
•Describe the function of each body part treated in dentistry.
•Define combining forms used in building words that relate to dental practice.
•Identify the meaning of related abbreviations.
•Name the common diagnostic, pathological, and treatment terms related to dental practice.
•Recognize common pharmacological agents used in dental practice.
•Name the parts of the body treated in dentistry.
•Describe the function of each body part treated in dentistry.
•Define combining forms used in building words that relate to dental practice.
•Identify the meaning of related abbreviations.
•Name the common diagnostic, pathological, and treatment terms related to dental practice.
•Recognize common pharmacological agents used in dental practice.
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Dentistry•The profession that studies, diagnoses, and treats the teeth, gums and any other part of the oral cavity and facial structure that interacts with the teeth and gums.
Includes:Includes:
•prevention•diagnosis•treatment•surgery -reconstructive -cosmetic
The Dental TeamThe Dental Team
Dentist
Dental hygienists
Dental technicians or assistants
Dentistry
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Oral CavityPart of the digestive system
•chewing food•speech•general appearance
Gums
•also called gingivae•dense fibrous tissue that forms a protective covering around the sockets of the teeth
The teeth and gums help with:
Oral Cavity
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Teeth
NOTE: Permanent teeth are not replaced by the body if they are lost.
•Primary teeth (deciduous teeth) erupt at about 6 months old
•Deciduous teeth equals 20 and are usually in place by age 4 years
•Secondary teeth (permanent teeth) begin to erupt at age 6
•By the mid-twenties, usually all 32 permanent teeth have developed
Teeth
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Parts of a Tooth
Crown-part projecting above the jaw line-consists of an outer layer (enamel) and inner layer (dentin)
Root-part below the jaw line-held in place by cementum-root canals carry the blood vessels and nerves from the bottom of the jaw into the pulp cavity
Pulp Cavity-central portion of the tooth-contains connective tissue, blood vessels, and nerves
Parts of a Tooth
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Structure of a Tooth
Crown
Enamel
Dentin
Pulp cavity
RootRoot canal
Periodontalligament
Cementum
Structure of a Tooth
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Types of Primary TeethTypes of Primary Teeth
•IncisorsIncisors-cutting teeth located on either side of the center line of the jaw-central incisors are on either side of the center line-lateral incisors are located next to the cuspids•CuspidsCuspids-also known as canines or eyeteeth
Lateral incisorCentral incisor
Cuspid
Center line
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Types of Primary Teeth Part 2•MolarsMolars -the first molar sits next to the cuspid -the second molar is located at the back of the child’s jaw
Types of Primary Teeth (cont’d)
Types of Secondary Teeth
•Permanent teeth include: -incisors -cuspids -molars -bicuspids
•BicuspidsBicuspids -located next to each cuspid -present only as permanent teeth
Note: There are three molars present with permanent teeth. The third molar is often called the wisdom tooth.
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Permanent TeethIncisors
Cuspid (canine)Bicuspids
(premolars)
Molars
Molars
Bicuspids(premolars)
Cuspid (canine)
Incisors
Permanent Teeth
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Outer Surfaces of TeethLabial Surface
-parts of the teeth that meet when the mouth is closed
Buccal Surface
Lingual Surface
Mesial Surface
-short side of the tooth nearest the median of the jaw line
Distal Surface
Outer Surfaces of TeethOuter Surfaces of Teeth
Buccal surface
Occlusal surface
Distal surface
Mesial surface
Labialsurface
Medialline
Lingualsurface
-sides of teeth nearest the cheek
-short side of tooth farthest from the median of the jaw line
-inside surface nearest the tongue
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Combining Forms & Abbreviations (dent)
Combining Form Meaning
dent(o), denti
gingiv(o)
odont(o)
tooth
gum
tooth
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Combining Forms & Abbreviations (DDS)Abbreviation Meaning
DDS
def
DEF
dmf
DMF
RDH
TMJ
doctor of dental surgery
decayed, extracted, or filled (primary teeth)
decayed, extracted, or filled (permanent teeth)
decayed, missing, or filled (primary teeth)
decayed, missing, or filled (permanent teeth)
registered dental hygienist
temporomandibular joint
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Prevention of Tooth Decay
Most dental work begins with preventing tooth decay by insisting on:
•cleaning of teeth
•cleaning of gums
•fluoride treatment for some
Regular cleaning of teeth and gums removes plaque which is microorganisms that grow on the crowns and along the roots
of teeth causing decay of teeth and damage to the gums.
Prevention of Tooth Decay
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Tooth Decay
Tooth Decay•can be detected early using dental x-rays
•causes toothaches (odontalgia)
•may require a filling if decay has not reached the central part of the tooth
Fillings•dental restoration
•drilling is done to remove the decayed area
•amalgam is placed into the space
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Dental SpecialistsIf decay is deeper within the tooth, an abscess may result.
DentalSpecialists
Orthodontists
-specialize in the correction and prevention of irregularities in the placement and appearance of teeth
Endodontists-specialize in root canal work
Periodontists
-specialize in treating gum disease
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Treatments
•Dentures -replacement teeth -partials replace one or more tooth -partials attached to other teeth are called bridges -full dentures replace all teeth
•Braces -malocclusions can be corrected with braces or surgery
Treatments
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Other Treatments
•Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) dysfunction
•Cosmetic Surgery
•Bleaching of teeth
Other Treatments
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Commonly Used AnestheticsLocal anesthetics are used during certain treatments to numb the area.
Commonly Used AnestheticsCommonly Used Anesthetics
•Novocaine -is injected near the site to be treated
•Nitrous oxide -gas inhaled by the patient -also called laughing gas
Dentists may prescribe antibiotics and pain killers after a procedure but they have limitations to the amount and strength of medication they can prescribe.
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Apply Your KnowledgeBrian, age 4 is requesting a snack. His mother can
prepare food for a child having:
A. 20 deciduous teeth
B. 15 deciduous teeth
C. 30 secondary teeth
Answer: A. 20 deciduous teeth
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Apply Your Knowledge Part 2Karen has fallen and “chipped” the outer coating of her
tooth. Which of the following structures has she damaged?
A. dentin
B. enamel
C. pulp
A. dentin
B. enamel
C. pulp
Answer: B. enamel
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Apply Your Knowledge Part 3Identify the labeled teeth.
Central incisor
Cuspid
Lateral incisor