1. french revolution

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FRENCH REVOLUTION,FRENCH REVOLUTION,

17891789--17991799



French Revolution: BackgroundFrench Revolution: BackgroundFrench MonarchyFrench Monarchy

WarfareWarfareFinancial CrisisFinancial CrisisLouis XVI & Marie AntoinetteLouis XVI & Marie AntoinetteCharlesCharles--Alexander de Alexander de CalonneCalonne posed to tax the nobility, tax onposed to tax the nobility, tax onland to land value and lower tax on poor. Refused to be taxedland to land value and lower tax on poor. Refused to be taxedTax ReformTax Reform

French SocietyFrench SocietyNobilityNobility Wealthy nobles and businessmen, refused to be taxedWealthy nobles and businessmen, refused to be taxedClergyClergyThe 3The 3 rdrd estateestate the common people, poor and rich peasantsthe common people, poor and rich peasants

Social Discontent Social Discontent Harvest failuresHarvest failures

Enlightenment s discourseEnlightenment s discourseFreedom & EqualityFreedom & Equality



Louis XVILouis XVI



Marie AntoinetteMarie Antoinette



Versailles Versailles



Ancien Regime Ancien Regime



French Revolution: First StagesFrench Revolution: First StagesParlementsParlements 13 judicial boards13 judicial boardsThe Assembly of Notables, 1787The Assembly of Notables, 1787The EstatesThe Estates- -GeneralGeneral institution to deal with financialinstitution to deal with financialcrisis.crisis.

Tennis Court OathTennis Court Oath swear not to give up until newswear not to give up until newconstitution had been agreed upon.constitution had been agreed upon.The National AssemblyThe National Assembly 33rdrd estate that separated inestate that separated in 1789,1789,The assembly dissolved in 1791 so that newThe assembly dissolved in 1791 so that new electionselectionscould take place under the newcould take place under the new constitution.constitution.

Economic declineEconomic declinePopular violencePopular violenceBastille, July 14, 1789Bastille, July 14, 1789 large prison in Paris, mob got large prison in Paris, mob got

arms f or battlearms for battlePeasant InsurrectionsPeasant Insurrections

Abolition of Feudalism Abolition of Feudalism



Tennis Court OathTennis Court Oath



Estates General/ National AssemblyEstates General/ National Assembly



Storm of BastilleStorm of Bastille



Consolidating & Radicalizing theConsolidating & Radicalizing the

RevolutionRevolutionDeclaration of Rights of Man and Citizen, August 26, 1789Declaration of Rights of Man and Citizen, August 26, 1789Liberty, Equality and FraternityLiberty, Equality and Fraternityproper judicial code and the autonomy of the French people.proper judicial code and the autonomy of the French people.

Constitution, 1791,Constitution, 1791, - - executive power answerable to a legislative assembly.executive power answerable to a legislative assembly.

KingKing Louis XVILouis XVI could only temporarily veto legislation passed by thecould only temporarily veto legislation passed by theassembly. The constitution restricted voting in the assembly to the upperassembly. The constitution restricted voting in the assembly to the upperand middle classes of French society and abolished nobility as a legaland middle classes of French society and abolished nobility as a legalorder.order.Jacobin ClubJacobin Club Led byLed by MaximilienMaximilien Robespierre, called for democraticRobespierre, called for democraticsolutions to French problems.solutions to French problems.

SansSans--Culottes (No Breeches)Culottes (No Breeches) Urban workers & peasants wished to classUrban workers & peasants wished to classthemselves from high classes. Most radical element of Revolution.themselves from high classes. Most radical element of Revolution.PolitizationPolitization of Societyof Society

Varennes VarennesDeclaration of Declaration of PilnitzPilnitz, August 27, 1791, August 27, 1791 Prussia and Austria said any harmPrussia and Austria said any harmhappen tohappen to LoiusLoius XVI, who tried to run away, JacquesXVI, who tried to run away, Jacques PierrePierre Brissot Brissot declared war on Austria and Prussia.declared war on Austria and Prussia.



DeclarationDeclaration

of rightsof rights



Liberty,Liberty,Fraternity,Fraternity,EqualityEquality



Sans CulottesSans Culottes



Inside of a Jacobin ClubInside of a Jacobin Club



Varrenes Varrenes



Flight to VarennesFlight to Varennes



Radical Phase (1791Radical Phase (1791 1794):1794):

Civil Rights vs. National SecurityCivil Rights vs. National SecurityReactions in EuropeReactions in EuropeForeign invasionForeign invasion

Valmy Valmy (Prussians and Austrians defeated)(Prussians and Austrians defeated)Monarchy DeposedMonarchy Deposed

French Republic Proclaimed (1792)French Republic Proclaimed (1792)National ConventionNational ConventionJacobinesJacobinesUniversal Manhood suffrageUniversal Manhood suffrageReformsReforms

Louis XIV executed, January, 1793Louis XIV executed, January, 1793CounterrevolutionCounterrevolution

Military conscriptionMilitary conscriptionPeasants rebel against the revolutionPeasants rebel against the revolution

Vendee , March 1793 Vendee , March 1793

Committee of Public SafetyCommittee of Public SafetyRobespierreRobespierre Jacobin member took control to stabilize economyJacobin member took control to stabilize economyThe Law of SuspectsThe Law of Suspects dictatorial powers in 3/1973 to deal with wars anddictatorial powers in 3/1973 to deal with wars andeconomic problems at homeeconomic problems at homeTerror 1794Terror 1794--9595 had more than 15,000 executed b/c of counterrevolutionhad more than 15,000 executed b/c of counterrevolution



Battle at ValmyBattle at Valmy



Louis XVI ExecutedLouis XVI Executed



Joseph Ignace GuillotinJoseph Ignace Guillotin



Vendee, Vendee,

March 1793March 1793



R evolt in the VendéeR evolt in the Vendéethe peasants revolted against thethe peasants revolted against the R evolutionaryR evolutionary government ingovernment in 17931793 ..They resented the changes imposed on theThey resented the changes imposed on the Ro man Cath oli c ChurchRo man Cath oli c Churchby theby the Civil Con st it ution o f th e Cl ergyCivil Con stit ution o f th e Cl ergy ((17931793 ) a nd bro ke into o pe n ) a nd bro ke into o pe n revolt in d ef i an ce o f th e R evol ution ary g ov ern me nt' s m ilit aryrevolt in d ef i an ce o f th e R evol ution ary g ov ern me nt' s m ilit arycon scr i ption con scr i ption . A. A guerr ill aguerr ill a war, l ed by a n und ergr o und faction kno wn war, l ed by a n und ergr o und faction kno wn as th eas th e Cho ua n sCho ua n s (screec h o wl s) a t th e o ut se t , kno wn as th e(screec h o wl s) a t th e o ut se t , kno wn as th e R evolt in R evolt in th e Ve nd éeth e Ve nd ée and wo uld co st mo re th an 100,000 liv es u ntil it end ed in and wo uld co st mo re th an 100,000 liv es u ntil it end ed in 17961796 . Th e suppress ion o f th e Ca tholi c Ro yali st s was merc il ess. A t th e. Th e suppress ion o f th e Ca tholi c Ro yali st s was merc il ess. A t th econ cl us ion o f th e ac tion at Sav en ay, th e Fre n ch Gen era l con cl us ion o f th e ac tion at Sav en ay, th e Fre n ch Gen era l Françoi sFrançoi sJo sep h Wes t erma nn Jo sep h Wes t erma nn wrot e to th ewrot e to th e Co mm itt ee o f Pub li c Safe t yCo mm itt ee o f Pub li c Safe t y, "Th ere, "Th erei s no mo re Ve nd ée. I t di ed with it s w iv es a nd it s c hild ren by o ur freei s no mo re Ve nd ée. I t di ed with it s w iv es a nd it s c hild ren by o ur freesabers. I h av e jus t bur i ed it in th e w ood s a nd th e swamps o f sabers. I h av e jus t bur i ed it in th e w ood s a nd th e swamps o f Sav en ay. Acc o rdin g to th e o rd ers th at yo u ga v e me, I crus h ed th eSav en ay. Acc o rdin g to th e o rd ers th at yo u ga v e me, I crus h ed th echild ren und er th e fee t o f th e ho rses, massacre d th e w o me n who , a t child ren und er th e fee t o f th e ho rses, massacre d th e w o me n who , a t l eas t f o r th ese, w ill not giv e b i rth to an y mo re br i ga nd s. I do not l eas t f o r th ese, w ill not giv e b i rth to an y mo re br i ga nd s. I do not h av e a pr i son er to repr o ach me. I h av e a ll ext erm in at ed .h av e a pr i son er to repr o ach me. I h av e a ll ext erm in at ed .



RobespierreRobespierre



Terror: "Cest affreux mais nécessaire" (It isTerror: "Cest affreux mais nécessaire" (It isdreadful but necessary)dreadful but necessary)



ReignReignof Terrorof Terror



French Revolution: Final StageFrench Revolution: Final Stage(1794(1794--99)99)

TermidorianTermidorian Reaction, 1794Reaction, 1794- -9595 era after deathera after deathof Robespierre, period of governmentalof Robespierre, period of governmentalrestructuring beganrestructuring began

Robespierre arrested & beheadedRobespierre arrested & beheadedDirectoryDirectory to control executive responsibilitiesto control executive responsibilitiesand appointments appointed by leg. Assemblyand appointments appointed by leg. Assemblysoon overthrownsoon overthrownPopular protest Popular protest Royalist insurrectionRoyalist insurrectionNapoleon BonaparteNapoleon Bonaparte French generalFrench general

CoupCoup d etat d etat, 1799, 1799 revolt against Directoryrevolt against Directory



NapoleonNapoleonBonaparteBonaparte



The Age of NapoleonThe Age of NapoleonConsolidation of PowerConsolidation of Power

First CouncilFirst CouncilCouncil for Life, 1802Council for Life, 1802Emperor, 1804Emperor, 1804

Conquest Conquest Napoleonic CodeNapoleonic Code

Abolition of Feudalism (Serfdom) Abolition of Feudalism (Serfdom)

Fall of NapoleonFall of NapoleonNapoleon s legacyNapoleon s legacyLiberal movement Liberal movement NationalismNationalism



Coronation of NapoleonCoronation of Napoleon

1. french revolution

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