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IMPLEMENTATION AND MONITORING

It is dangerous to assume either that, what has been decided will be achieved, or that what happens is what was intended. (Loasby)

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IMPLEMENTATIONQUOTES ON

IMPLEMENTING STRATEGY

•We strategize beautifully, we implement pathetically.

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Just being able to conceive bold new strategies is not enough. One must be able to translate his or her strategic vision into concrete steps that “get things done”.

IMPLEMENTATION

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IMPLEMENTATION•Organizing is what you do before

you do something, so that when you do it, it is not all mixed up.

•The strategy implementer’s task is to convert strategy into action to achieve the

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targeted objectives

Organizations don’t implement strategies, people do.

IMPLEMENTATION

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IMPLEMENTATION•Weak leadership can wreck

the soundest strategy; forceful execution of even a poor plan can often bring victory

•A leader lives in the field with his troops

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IMPLEMENTATION• If you talk about change but

don’t change the reward and recognition system, nothing changes.

•While successful strategy making depends on vision, competitive analysis and entrepreneurial creativity

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• Successful implementation depends on leading, motivating and working through others to create a strong fit between how the organization operates its business and the requirements for good strategy execution.

IMPLEMENTATION

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IMPLEMENTATIONFRAMEWORK FOR IMPLEMENTATION

•Build a capable organization•Develop budgets to steer

resources

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•Establishing appropriate policies and procedures

•Instituting best practices and mechanisms for continuous improvement

IMPLEMENTATION

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IMPLEMENTATION•Installing support systems

that facilitate carrying out of strategic roles

•Tying rewards and incentives to achieving performance objectives

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•Creating a strategy-supportive work environment and corporate culture

•Exerting the internal leadership needed to drive implementation.

IMPLEMENTATION - Framework conti----

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IMPLEMENTATIONEffective strategy implementation requires three main fits

•Between strategy and skills and competencies/capabilities

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•Between strategy and organizational reward system, policies, systems and practices.

•Between strategy and corporate culture The stronger the fits the higher the chances of success.

IMPLEMENTATION

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MONITORING

•“Monitoring is the in-built mechanisms to check that things are going as per plan and to enable adjustments be made in a methodological way” Oxfam 1995

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•“Monitoring is the systematic and continuous assessment of the progress of a piece of work over time” SCF 1995

MONITORING

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MONITORING

•Monitoring is a management tool. Is the “regular collection and analysis of information for the surveillance of the progress of the project information”.

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Process Monitoring:Program monitoring should include info about the use of resources, the progress of activities & the way these are carried out. This is called Process Monitoring.

MONITORING

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MONITORINGProcess monitoring is a means for:•Reviewing & planning work on a

regular basis•Assessing whether activities are

carried out as planned• Identifying & dealing with problems

as they come up

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•Building on strengths & taking advantage of opportunities as they arise

•Assessing whether the style of work & mgt is the best way to achieve the devt. objectives of the work (capacity building, etc.)

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Impact monitoring:Monitoring should also provide info on progress towards achieving objectives, and on the impact the program is having in relation to these objectives.

MONITORING

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•It is a form of continuous self evaluation & if done well, formal evaluation will be needed less often

MONITORING

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Impact monitoring is the means by which:

•The work can be related to the overall purpose on a continuous basis, in order to provide a measure of progress

MONITORING

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•The work can be modified in response to changing circumstances without losing its overall direction

MONITORING

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•The need to change objectives can be identified

•The need for further info or research can be identified

•The assumption that the activities will help achieve the stated objectives can be verified.

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Designing a monitoring system:The essential components of a MS:1. Defining the aim of the MS• Deciding who needs the MS &

for what?• Setting objectives of the MS

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2. Selection of relevant information

•Selection of key indicators for each activity

3. The collection & analysis of data

MONITORING

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•Methods of collecting data•Collection of data concerning

the indicators•What training & support is

needed for the people collecting the data?

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•The analysis of the data4. Presenting & using the

results•Feedback & discussing the

findings•Using the results for planning

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•Using the results for institutional learning

•Using the results as a basis for evaluation or review

5. Organization•Deciding who should be involved in

monitoring

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•Involvement of people from outside the program

•Maintaining the MS: resources, training, support & supervision

MONITORING

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Impact:•Concerns long-term and

sustainable changes in people’s lives brought about by a particular intervention

MONITORING

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•It can be related either to the specific objectives of an intervention or to unanticipated changes caused by an intervention

MONITORING

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•Unanticipated changes may also occur in the lives of the people not belonging to the beneficiary group

• Impact can be either positive or negative; the latter being equally important to be aware of

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Impact assessment:Is the systematic analysis of the lasting or significant changes, positive or negative, intended or not – in people’s lives brought about by a given action or a series of actions.

MONITORING

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MONITORINGPERFORMANCE INDICATORS

•What is it about? Expected results should always be

accompanied by indicators. These are numbers; percentages; information obtained through interviews or analysis;

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in short units of measure, either quantitative or qualitative associated with each result in order to permit the tracking of progress

MONITORING

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MONITORING•TIMING Monitoring is done through-out

the progress of the programme to ensure controls in terms of

•Quality•Quantity•Budget & Time