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Assignment 3:Micro Teaching Digital

Presentation(Microsoft Power Point)

Mabell J. MartinezETEC 546

The purpose of this assignment is that each scholar to develop a micro teaching digital presentation (Microsoft PowerPoint) in order to maintain a productive learning environment, everyone who teaches needs to know how to lecture using presentation software. Such software can add a great deal to the effectiveness of a lecture and teaching.

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The Immune The Immune SystemSystem

ByBy

Mabell J. MartinezMabell J. Martinez

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Involves WBC’s (Leukocytes)

Granular and Agranular cells

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White Blood CellsWhite Blood Cells

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Neutrophil Eosinoph

il

Basophil

GRANULAR

Phagocytize bacteria

Increase in number during allergic reaction

Release histamine when stimulated; help prevent blood clots

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MonocyteMonocyte LymphocyteLymphocyteAGRANULAR

Produce antibodies, attack viruses & bacteria directly

Largest WBC’s; enlarge and become macrophages that engulf bacteria

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Two Types of Defense Two Types of Defense MechanismsMechanisms

1.1.NonspecificNonspecific– provides general protection provides general protection

against pathogens (disease against pathogens (disease causing microorganisms causing microorganisms including fungi, bacteria, including fungi, bacteria, protozoa, viruses); act rapidlyprotozoa, viruses); act rapidly Ex.barriers: skin, mucous liningsEx.barriers: skin, mucous linings

acid secretionsacid secretionsinflammation, phagocytes, inflammation, phagocytes,

cytokinescytokines

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Two Types of Defense Two Types of Defense MechanismsMechanisms

2.2. SpecificSpecific– Specifically made to attack Specifically made to attack

antigens (substances capable of antigens (substances capable of stimulating an immune response)stimulating an immune response)

– Take longer than nonspecific Take longer than nonspecific mechanisms, but highly effectivemechanisms, but highly effective

– Referred to as: immune Referred to as: immune responsesresponses

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Two types of SPECIFIC Defense Two types of SPECIFIC Defense MechanismsMechanisms

Cell-Mediated ImmunityCell-Mediated Immunity– Lymphocytes called T cells Lymphocytes called T cells

attack tumor cells and cells attack tumor cells and cells infected by invading pathogensinfected by invading pathogens

Antibody-mediated Antibody-mediated ImmunityImmunity

– Lymphocytes called B cells Lymphocytes called B cells mature into plasma cells that mature into plasma cells that produce antibodiesproduce antibodies

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Cell Mediated ImmunityCell Mediated Immunity

Depend on Lymphocytes Depend on Lymphocytes and Phagocytes and Phagocytes (include (include neutrophils and macrophages)neutrophils and macrophages)

Three types of lymphocytes:Three types of lymphocytes:1.1. T CellsT Cells

2.2. B CellsB Cells

3.3. NK cells (natural killer)NK cells (natural killer)

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Made from stem cells in bone Made from stem cells in bone marrowmarrow

Stop at thymus gland for Stop at thymus gland for processing and are now processing and are now capable of immunological capable of immunological responseresponse

Cell Mediated Immunity:Cell Mediated Immunity: T cells T cells

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T Cells include: T Cells include: 1.1. CD8 cellsCD8 cells

cytoxic T cells (Tcytoxic T cells (Tcc)- recognize, )- recognize, destroy cells with foreign destroy cells with foreign antigens on their surfacesantigens on their surfaces

suppressor T cells (Tsuppressor T cells (Tss)- release )- release cytokines that inhibit activity of cytokines that inhibit activity of other T cells and B cellsother T cells and B cells

Cell Mediated Immunity:Cell Mediated Immunity: T cells cont’d T cells cont’d

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Cytotoxic T cell

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Cell Mediated Immunity:Cell Mediated Immunity: T cells cont’d T cells cont’d

T Cells include:T Cells include:1.1. CD4 cells (helper T cells)- secrete CD4 cells (helper T cells)- secrete

substances that activate/enhance substances that activate/enhance immune responseimmune response

2.2. We have 500+ perWe have 500+ per

drop of blooddrop of blood

Human T Human T lymphocytelymphocyte

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HIV Attacks CD4 CellsHIV Attacks CD4 Cells HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus)

attaches to CD4 receptors and attaches to CD4 receptors and destroys helper T cellsdestroys helper T cells

Over time T cells decrease in numberOver time T cells decrease in number Therefore, T cells’ ability to resist Therefore, T cells’ ability to resist

infection is loweredinfection is lowered Less than 200 T cells per drop of Less than 200 T cells per drop of

blood and/or infections and cancers= blood and/or infections and cancers= AIDS (Acquired Immune Deficiency AIDS (Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome)Syndrome)

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HIV virus attacking T cellHIV virus attacking T cell

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HIV VirusHIV Virus

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HIV infected T cellsHIV infected T cells

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Made and mature in bone marrowMade and mature in bone marrowCarry receptors needed to bind Carry receptors needed to bind

with a specific type of antigenwith a specific type of antigenWhen it binds to antigen, it When it binds to antigen, it

divides and develop into plasma divides and develop into plasma cells that secrete antibodiescells that secrete antibodies

Cell Mediated Immunity:Cell Mediated Immunity: B cells B cells

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Large, granular lymphocytesLarge, granular lymphocytesMade in bone marrow and Made in bone marrow and

differentiate outside thymusdifferentiate outside thymusKill target cells by Kill target cells by

nonspecific/specific processesnonspecific/specific processesDestroy by puncturing cell Destroy by puncturing cell

membranemembraneDo not require antigen Do not require antigen

presentationpresentation

Cell Mediated Immunity:Cell Mediated Immunity: NK cells NK cells

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Natural Killer CellsNatural Killer Cells

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Phagocytes:MacrophagesPhagocytes:Macrophages

Digests most of bacterial Digests most of bacterial antigens and antigens displayed antigens and antigens displayed on surface of macrophageon surface of macrophage

An antigen presenting cell (APC) An antigen presenting cell (APC) because it displays bacterial because it displays bacterial antigens and its own surface antigens and its own surface proteinsproteins

Important in nonspecific and Important in nonspecific and specific defense responsesspecific defense responses

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Macrophage attacking E. Macrophage attacking E. colicoli

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Ability to Recognize Self Ability to Recognize Self Depends on:Depends on:

MHC (major histocompatibility MHC (major histocompatibility complex)complex)

In humans: HLA (human In humans: HLA (human leukocyte antigen group)leukocyte antigen group)

These are membrane proteins These are membrane proteins with so many combinations that with so many combinations that only identical twins are likely to only identical twins are likely to have same MHC proteinshave same MHC proteins

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MHC classesMHC classes Class I antigens- found on most Class I antigens- found on most

nucleated cells and important in nucleated cells and important in distinguishing self and nonselfdistinguishing self and nonself

Class II- antigens found only on Class II- antigens found only on immune system cellsimmune system cells– They regulate interactions among T, B, They regulate interactions among T, B,

and antigen-presenting cellsand antigen-presenting cells– Bind with peptides Bind with peptides

Class III- include components of Class III- include components of complement systemcomplement system

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Antibody-Mediated Antibody-Mediated ImmunityImmunity

B cells can produce specific B cells can produce specific antibodiesantibodies

Antibodies (Immunoglobulins: Ig) Antibodies (Immunoglobulins: Ig) are specific proteins that respond are specific proteins that respond to antigensto antigens– They do not destroy antigen, just They do not destroy antigen, just

label it for destructionlabel it for destruction

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AntibodyAntibody

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Five Classes of AntibodiesFive Classes of Antibodies

IgG- 75% of antibodiesIgG- 75% of antibodies IgM- both IgG and IgM stimulate IgM- both IgG and IgM stimulate

macrophages and activate the macrophages and activate the complement systemcomplement system

IgA- present in mucus, tears, IgA- present in mucus, tears, saliva, milk, prevents viruses and saliva, milk, prevents viruses and bacteria from attaching to bacteria from attaching to epithelial surfacesepithelial surfaces

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IgD- low concentration in IgD- low concentration in plasma; helps activate B cells plasma; helps activate B cells following antigen bindingfollowing antigen binding

IgE- releases histamine when IgE- releases histamine when antigen binds to it; immunity to antigen binds to it; immunity to invading parasitic wormsinvading parasitic worms

Five Classes of Antibodies Five Classes of Antibodies cont’dcont’d

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ABO Blood GroupsABO Blood Groups

IIAAIIAA, I, IAAiiOO= Blood type A that has = Blood type A that has antigen A, antibody against type antigen A, antibody against type B B

IIBBIIBB, I, IBBiiOO= Blood type B that has = Blood type B that has antigen B, antibody Aantigen B, antibody A

IIAAIIBB= Blood type AB that has = Blood type AB that has antigen A & B and no antibodiesantigen A & B and no antibodies

iiOOiiOO=Blood type O, no antigens, =Blood type O, no antigens, A & antibodiesA & antibodies

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ABO Blood GroupsABO Blood Groups

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Type O: No clumping in blood drops A or B

Type A: Clumping in blood drop A with anti-A antibodies

Type B: Clumping in blood drop B with anti-B antibodies

Type AB: Clumping in both blood drops A and B

Testing ABO Blood TypesTesting ABO Blood Types

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ImmunityImmunity(Two Types)(Two Types)

ActiveActive– developed after exposure to developed after exposure to

antigensantigens– Naturally such as after Naturally such as after

contracting diseasecontracting disease– Artificially through immunizationArtificially through immunization– Develops memory cells and Develops memory cells and

immunity lasts many yearsimmunity lasts many years

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ImmunityImmunity(Two Types)(Two Types)

PassivePassive– Individual given antibodies Individual given antibodies

actively produced by another actively produced by another organismorganism

– Does not produce memory cellsDoes not produce memory cells– Immunity lasts only a few Immunity lasts only a few

months; temporarymonths; temporary

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ReferenceReference

Solomon, E.P., Berg, L.R, Martin, Solomon, E.P., Berg, L.R, Martin, D.W., and Villee, C. 1996. D.W., and Villee, C. 1996. Biology 4Biology 4thth EdEd. Saunders College Publishing, FL.. Saunders College Publishing, FL.

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Immune System QUIZ!!Immune System QUIZ!! What are the two types defense What are the two types defense

mechanisms?mechanisms?– SpecificSpecific (s (specifically made to attack pecifically made to attack

antigens antigens and and nonspecificnonspecific ( (provides provides general protection against general protection against pathogens)pathogens)

What are the two types of SPECIFIC What are the two types of SPECIFIC defense mechanisms and what are defense mechanisms and what are major cells involved?major cells involved?– Cell mediated (T cells) & antibody Cell mediated (T cells) & antibody

mediated (B cells)mediated (B cells)

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Quiz ContinuedQuiz Continued

What are the three types of What are the three types of lymphocytes used in cell-mediated lymphocytes used in cell-mediated immunity?immunity?1.1.T CellsT Cells2.2.B CellsB Cells3.3.NK cells (natural killer)NK cells (natural killer)

Does blood type A contain antibodies Does blood type A contain antibodies against type A?against type A?– No, blood type A that has antigen A; No, blood type A that has antigen A;

antibody against type Bantibody against type B

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Last of Quiz QuestionsLast of Quiz Questions

Explain the process of blood Explain the process of blood typing using the antibodies A typing using the antibodies A and B. How does one know and B. How does one know what blood type they are?what blood type they are?

Name and describe the two Name and describe the two types of immunity.types of immunity.

– Passive, activePassive, active

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ETEC 546 CA 3 CRITERIA ASSIGNED POINTS

Media enhances presentation (text, graphics, images, and sound) X 10

 

Substance and quality of presentation (depth of video, technical  analysis, overall effort, etc.) X 20

 

Style, design, layout, uniqueness, etc. X 10

 

Includes at least ten different slides in presentation X 20

 

Type with substance and quality of thought (depth of discussion, critical analysis, etc.) X 20

 

Grammar and Style (correct punctuation, grammar, appropriateness, etc.) X 10

 

Overall quality (text, color, and background are pleasing) X 10

 

TOTAL  

TOTAL/100  

 LETTER GRADE