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LeadershipLeadership

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Leadership and PowerLeadership and Power

Theory●Legitimate power

– Granted through the organization●Reward power

– Give or withhold rewards●Coercive power

– Force compliance●Referent power

– Comes from identification, loyalty, charisma●Expert power

Understanding LeadershipUnderstanding Leadership

Practical●Leadership traits

– Aren’t any universal, generic traits– Can always find exceptions (even bad people

are leaders)●Persistence

– One study showed 97% of CEOs had this trait

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The Leadership GridThe Leadership Grid

Theory●A method of evaluating leadership styles to train managers using OD techniques so that they are simultaneously more concerned for both people and production.●Concern for production:

– Deals with the job aspects of leader behavior.●Concern for people:

– Deals with the people aspects of leader behavior.

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Leadership Leadership GridGrid

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Situational ApproachesSituational ApproachesLPC TheoryLPC Theory

● Least preferred co-worker (LPC)● Manager takes test to assess their orientation

– Done with least preferred co-worker in mind● Managers are classified as either

– Task-oriented, or– Relationship-oriented

● Appropriate leader depends upon the situation– Argued that managerial style is fixed

● Put the right person in the right situation● Use task-oriented management in most and least

favorable situations● Use relationship-oriented management in moderate

cases

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LPC TheoryLPC Theory

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Vroom’s Development-Driven Decision TreeVroom’s Development-Driven Decision Tree

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Vroom’s Time-Driven Decision TreeVroom’s Time-Driven Decision Tree

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Leader-Member Exchange (LMX)Leader-Member Exchange (LMX)

● Defines different categories for subordinates– In-Group– Out-Group

Practical● This certainly occurs● Not sure how useful this is

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Political BehaviorPolitical Behavior

● Inducement– Offer to give something in return

● Persuasion– Uses logic and emotion

● Creation of an obligation– Give something now for future repayment

● Coercion– Threaten