1 - 1 © 2000 pearson education canada inc.,toronto, ontario the science of psychology psychology...
TRANSCRIPT
The Science of Psychology1 - 1
© 2000 Pearson Education Canada Inc.,Toronto, Ontario
Psychology 101C
Dr M.O.Poulter Office Loeb TowerA Rm 513 Phone: 520-2600 ext 4176 Email: [email protected] Website www.carleton.ca/~mpoulter OFFICE HOURS: Tues 12:00-1:00
The Science of Psychology1 - 2
© 2000 Pearson Education Canada Inc.,Toronto, Ontario
Your first multiple choice question
After finding the website for the course and downloading the “Outline” I can print it out so:
A) I can wallpaper my room with it.
B) I can put it on a roll and use it in the bathroom
C) I can fold it many times so that I level my bed in residence
D) Read it and refer to it when I need to know something important about the course.
The answer is:
D
The Science of Psychology1 - 3
© 2000 Pearson Education Canada Inc.,Toronto, Ontario
Fields of Psychology
Biological physiological psychophysiology comparative behaviour genetics
Clinical behaviour analysis personality neuropsychology
Neuropsychology
Cognitive Psychology
Social Psychology Developmental
Psychology Cross-cultural
Psychology
The Science of Psychology1 - 4
© 2000 Pearson Education Canada Inc.,Toronto, Ontario
What is Psychology ?
The ultimate goal of psychology is to understand human behaviour.
Why bother to examine human behaviour? it is the root of most problems in the world Curiosity
What kinds of psychology are studied ie what are the different disciplines of
psychology?
The Science of Psychology1 - 5
© 2000 Pearson Education Canada Inc.,Toronto, Ontario
So how would the different disciplines of psychology
study the following question:Why and How Do
People Play Games? Physiological
What events happen in the brain when people are playing games? What synapses are activated. What chemicals are released?
Psychophysiology What events happen in the body when people
play games? Heart rate, blood pressure ect
The Science of Psychology1 - 6
© 2000 Pearson Education Canada Inc.,Toronto, Ontario
Types of psychology con’t Question:Why and How Do
People Play Games? Comparative
Do animals other than people play games? Are the behaviours evolutionary?
Behaviour Analysis What events happen that
increase/decrease the likelihood that people will play games? Does stress play a factor? Hormones?
The Science of Psychology1 - 7
© 2000 Pearson Education Canada Inc.,Toronto, Ontario
Types of psychology con’t Question:Why and How do
People Play Games? Cognitive Psychology
What types of strategies do people use when playing games? Are mnemoics used? Cheating? Aggressive posturing?
Experimental Neuropsychology What brain injuries interfere with game playing?
Animal research may involve lesioning of specific brain areas.
Social Psychology What kinds of cues affect the types of games that
people will play with each other? Sexual behaviour
The Science of Psychology1 - 8
© 2000 Pearson Education Canada Inc.,Toronto, Ontario
Types of psychology con’t Question:Why and How do
People Play Games? Developmental Psychology
How does play change across the lifespan? Do children have different strategies for game playing palying than adults? Role playing predictive of later development?
The Science of Psychology1 - 9
© 2000 Pearson Education Canada Inc.,Toronto, Ontario
Types of psychology con’t Question:Why and How do
People Play Games? Clinical
What effects does play have upon our mental health? Does play impact other health outcomes?
Personality Are there certain types of people who are more or
less likely to play games?
Cross-cultural Do people raised in different cultures play the
same types of games?
The Science of Psychology1 - 10
© 2000 Pearson Education Canada Inc.,Toronto, Ontario
Psychology is a Science
Philosophical roots of psychology: Descartes (1596-1650): dualism
Rationalism the world can be described and studied by reasoning the natural laws as set out by GOD.
Locke (1632-1704): monism Empiricism the world can be described and
studied by measuring (through observation) the natural laws as set out by GOD.
The Science of Psychology1 - 11
© 2000 Pearson Education Canada Inc.,Toronto, Ontario
Psychology is a Science
Biological roots of psychology: Müller (1801-1858): doctrine of specific
nerve energies - functional neuroantomy Flourens (1774-1867): experimental
ablation - remove parts of the brain in order to localise function.
Broca (1824-1880): localization of language Helmholtz (1821-1894): located the mind
within the brain as opposed to the heart or some other ethereal location
The Science of Psychology1 - 12
© 2000 Pearson Education Canada Inc.,Toronto, Ontario
Major Trends in the Development of Psychology
Structuralism: a sum of the parts approach… encouraged introspection and analysis of simple concepts which then became more complex. Wilhem Wundt
Functionalism: your innate need to be successful as a species drives your mental behaviour Darwin and others
psychodynamic theory: structuralism that hypothesises the unconscicous mind. Sigmund Freud
The Science of Psychology1 - 13
© 2000 Pearson Education Canada Inc.,Toronto, Ontario
Major Trends in the Development of Psychology
Behaviourism:just the facts approach…one cannot speculate about the workings of the mind with observing the animal behaving in it enviroment Edward Throndike
gestalt psychology: the whole is not simply the sum of its parts Max Wertheimer
humanistic psychology: scientific approach does not explain human behaviours… positive aspects of ingrained behaviour determine mental state
The Science of Psychology1 - 14
© 2000 Pearson Education Canada Inc.,Toronto, Ontario
Major Trends in the Development of Psychology
biological revolution: neurobiology (physiology and genes that regulate it) and the analysis of neural circuitry forms the basis of behaviour… it is the dominant mechanistic approach at this time and it will be the focus of this course.