07. motherboard (mainboard, system board)

7/27/2019 07. Motherboard (Mainboard, System Board)

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Motherboard


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Motherboard

AKA:MainboardSystem board


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What is the Motherboard?

The main circuit board which

holds and connect all main

components of a computer

system

Mother of all components


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Motherboard Diagram


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Bus

In computer architecture, a bus is a

subsystem that transfers databetween components inside a

computer, or between computers
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_architecturehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_architecture


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AKA: Expansion bus

Connects external devices(Most Input/Output Devices, USB, etc)

External bus


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FSB (Front Side Bus)

System Bus of Intel-chip-based

Motherboards

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Front-

side_bus

FSB performance can be measured by

FSB Frequency (MHz), Transfers/Cycle,Bus Width and Transfer Rate (MB/sec)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Front-side_bushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Front-side_bushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Front-side_bushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Front-side_bushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Front-side_bus


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FSB Transfer Rates http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Front-

side_bus#Transfer_rates

Related component speeds

CPU

RAM
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Front-side_bushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Front-side_bushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Front-side_bushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Front-side_bushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Front-side_bus


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Evolution

More modern designs use point-to-point

connections like AMD's HyperTransport and

Intel's QuickPath Interconnect (QPI).

These implementations remove thetraditional northbridge in favor of a direct

link from the CPU to the southbridge or I/O

controller

Therefore FSB is no longer used and

replaced by DMI
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HyperTransporthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intel_QuickPath_Interconnecthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northbridge_(computing)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southbridge_(computing)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Front-side_bushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Direct_Media_Interfacehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Direct_Media_Interfacehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Front-side_bushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southbridge_(computing)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northbridge_(computing)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intel_QuickPath_Interconnecthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intel_QuickPath_Interconnecthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intel_QuickPath_Interconnecthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HyperTransport


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Chipset

A chipset or PC chipset refers to a

group of integrated circuits, or chips,

that are designed to work togetherusually marketed as a single product.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chipset
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chipsethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chipset


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Well known Chipset vendors

Intel, AMD, VIA, nVidia

More links

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Intel_chipsets#Core_i_Series_chipsets

Traditionally chipsets had two majorchips called Northbridge and

Southbridge
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Intel_chipsetshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Intel_chipsetshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Intel_chipsetshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Intel_chipsets


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Northbridge

Northbridge typically handles

communications among the CPU, in

some cases RAM, and Display controller

(PCI Express or AGP) and the

Southbridge

The high-speed part of a chipset and

interconnects the CPU to memory viaFSB
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_processing_unithttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Random-access_memoryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PCI_Expresshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accelerated_Graphics_Porthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southbridge_(computing)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southbridge_(computing)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accelerated_Graphics_Porthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PCI_Expresshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Random-access_memoryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_processing_unit


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Evolution

With the AMD Athlon64 series CPU's, a newarchitecture was used where some functions of

the north and south bridge chips were moved to

the CPU. Intel followed suit with their Core i

series CPU's Due to the push for System-on-a-chip (SoC)

processors modern devices increasingly have the

northbridge integrated into the CPU die itself

For Intel Sandy Bridge and AMD Accelerated

Processing Unit processors introduced in 2011, all

of the functions of northbridge reside on the CPU
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/System_on_a_chiphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Die_(integrated_circuit)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sandy_Bridgehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AMD_Accelerated_Processing_Unithttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AMD_Accelerated_Processing_Unithttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AMD_Accelerated_Processing_Unithttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AMD_Accelerated_Processing_Unithttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sandy_Bridgehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Die_(integrated_circuit)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/System_on_a_chiphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/System_on_a_chiphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/System_on_a_chiphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/System_on_a_chiphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/System_on_a_chiphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/System_on_a_chiphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/System_on_a_chip


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Southbridge

The southbridge typically implements the

slower capabilities of the motherboard in

a northbridge/southbridge chipset

computer architecture.

Handles most input/output devices

Southbridge communicates with CPU viaNorthbridge


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Evolution

As modern computers does not contain a

Northbridge, nowadays Southbridge

communicates with CPU directly

In Intel chipset systems, the southbridge is

named Input/output Controller Hub (ICH).

In AMD systems it is named as Fusion

Controller Hub (FCH)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/I/O_Controller_Hubhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/I/O_Controller_Hub


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A newer Motherboard (Core iX 3rd Gen) [NO Northbridge]


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A newer Chipset [NO Northbridge]. Intel Z77


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Difference between FSB and DMI

FSB DMI
http://www.basitali.com/2010/05/difference-between-fsb-and-dmi.htmlhttp://www.basitali.com/2010/05/difference-between-fsb-and-dmi.htmlhttp://www.basitali.com/2010/05/difference-between-fsb-and-dmi.html


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BIOS Basic Input/Output System

BIOS contents is stored on an EEPROM

chip

BIOS selects candidate boot devices using

information collected by POST and

configuration information from EEPROM,CMOS RAM
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power-on_self-testhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EEPROMhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CMOShttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CMOShttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EEPROMhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power-on_self-test


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BIOS, a set of computer instructions in

firmware that control input and output

operations

BIOS provides a way for programs and

operating systems to interact with input/output

devices. Variations in the system hardware are hidden

by the BIOS from programs that use BIOS

services instead of directly accessing the

hardware

BIOS Manufacturers

AMI, Award, Phoenix.. Etc.


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A BIOS settings menu


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UEFI

Unified Extensible Firmware Interface

Successor of EFI (Extensible Firmware Interface)

UEFI is meant to replace BIOSfirmware interface

But in practice most (all!), most UEFI

images provide legacy support forBIOS services
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unified_Extensible_Firmware_Interfacehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BIOShttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BIOShttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unified_Extensible_Firmware_Interface


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UEFI

OS Support

Most newer OS support UEFI(Windows 8, Newer Linux Distributions etc.)

OS like Windows 7 support EFI, but not UEFI
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unified_Extensible_Firmware_Interfacehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unified_Extensible_Firmware_Interface


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UEFI BIOS


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Form Factor

Form Factor decides many things

such as Casing Size and Powersupply type of a motherboard


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CPU Socket

CPU socket plays an important role in

Motherboards as it limit the CPU

support

More:

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CPU_socket
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CPU_sockethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CPU_socket


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RAM Type

RAM type also important

Normally a motherboard support only

single type of RAM (DDR2, DDR3)


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Expansion Slots +

PCIe and PCI slots

SATA, IDE ports

USB ports

Other


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References

https://duckduckgo.com/?q=Compute

r+Motherboards

https://www.google.com/search?q=M

otherboard
https://www.google.com/search?q=Motherboardhttps://www.google.com/search?q=Motherboardhttps://www.google.com/search?q=Motherboardhttps://www.google.com/search?q=Motherboardhttps://www.google.com/search?q=Motherboardhttps://www.google.com/search?q=Motherboardhttps://www.google.com/search?q=Motherboardhttps://www.google.com/search?q=Motherboardhttps://www.google.com/search?q=Motherboard


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Thank You!

Ayubowan!

07. motherboard (mainboard, system board)

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