05 - part2 (rev2) - gottbs.comgottbs.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/part2-rev2.pdf · -coriolis...
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CNG measuring systemsfor vehicles
Sistemas de medición deGNC de uso vehicular
Part 2
Day 1 review- The role of INTI as NMI- Metrology in Argentina- Legal Metrology at INTI- Natural Gas industry- CNG for Vehicles development- Gas Flow workgroup at INTI- Base metrology, national standards, traceability- CNG Path- Measurand description- Gas chromatograph, introduction- Flow meters for gas applications- Advantages and disadvantages- Characterization, calibration and adjust- Measuring systems
Day 2 strategy
DAY 5DAY 4
DAY 3DAY 2DAY 1
Exercises+Presentations
Index Part 2- Gas chromatograph- Coriolis mass flow meter- Characterization- Influence quantities- Advantages, aplications- Traceability techniques.- NG, N2, CO2 comparison- INTI's project
Gas chromatograph
Gas chromatograph
GC
GC measurement result
GC % M
MOLAR COMPOSITION
Shelter
Shelter
Sample line
Different samples
Line 1
Line 2Line 3
How it works ?
% M
1.
~
2.
~
~~
Velocity
C1
C2
C3
C4
C5
C6
C7
C8
C9
NG Mixture:
C H4
C5 H12
C6 H14
C3 H8
C2 H6
C4 H10
C7 H16
C8 H18
C9 H20
3.
~~
~~
~~
~~
V V
4.
~~
~~
~~
~~
V
5.
~~
~~
~~
~~
V V
6.
~~
~~
~~
~~
V V1 V2
2 gases
7.
~~
~~
~~
~~
V V1 V2
GCColumn
Barrier
8.
~~
~~
V
~~
V1
~~
~~
~~
V2 V3
3 gases
9.
~~
~~
V
6 gases
10.
~~
~~
V1 V2 V3 V4 V5 V6
~~
~~
~~
~~
~~
11.
~~
~~
a b c d e f
~~
~~
~~
~~
~~
DETECTOR
abcdef tt0 t1 t2 t3 t4 t5 t6
DETECTOR
How it works ?
1.
~~
~~
a b c d e f
~~
~~
~~
~~
~~
DETECTOR
2.
~~
~~
fDETECTOR
3.
gas
electrical signal
gas
DETECTOR
gasgas
4.
electricalsignal
DETECTOR
~~
~~D
e.g.:VoltageCurrent s (t)
5.
gas gas
electricalsignal
6.
~~
~~D
~~
~~
~~
~~D
D
7.
~~
~~D
AREA
s (t) electrical signal
s
8.
~~
~~D
s
f
What happens if I Know (previously) the %M of the gas ?
9.
~~
~~D
Sk
Gas with known %M
%Mk
10.
~~
~~D
Sx
Gas with unknown %M
%Mx
How can I obtain %M of an unknown gas ?
11.
Sk %Mkknown%Mgas
Sx %Mx
unknown%Mgas
SIMILARITY
12.
Sk %Mk
Sx %Mx
=
13.
Sk
%MkSx%Mx =
INTERNAL OPERATION
MEASURING INSTRUMENT
So far..
DETECTOR
~~
~~
Sk
%Mk Sx%Mx =
COLUMN
~~
~~D
t
s
Signal of a mixture
ZERO SIGNAL
CARRIER GAS
Gas Chromatogram
tt0 t1 t2 t3 t4 t5 t6
s
RETENTION TIMES
Internal operation
Sk
%Mk
Carriergas
Internal operationgas (known)
1.
Line 1Line 2Line 3
2.
3.
Line 1
Line 2Line 3
3.
Line 1
Line 2
Line 3
Pipelinegas
Carriergas
L1
L2
L3
4.
Pipeline gas
Carrier gas
I.o. gas (k)
Internal operation gas(known)
How those gases interact?
L2
5.
Carrier gas
STEP1
L2
6.Carrier GC
t
s
7.
L3I.o. gas (k)
STEP2
L3
8. GCI.o. (k)
~~
~~D
COLUMNS
9.
t
s
~~
~~D
sKf sKe sKd sKc sKb sKa
Electrical signals
sKf
sKe
sKd
sKc
sKb
sKa
Sk %Mk
%MKf
%MKe
%MKd
%MKc
%MKb
%MKa
10.
Signalsvaluesaresavedinsidethe GC
L1
11.
Pipeline gas
STEP3
L1
12. GC
~~
~~D
COLUMNS
Pipeline
13.
t
s
~~
~~D
sXf sXe sXd sXc sXb sXa
Electrical signals
SX
%MX
14. sXf sXe sXd sXc sXb sXa
electrical Signals
Sk
%MkSx%Mx = Measurement
Result
sXf
sXe
sXd
sXc
sXb
sXa
%MXf
%MXe
%MXd
%MXc
%MXb
%MXa
15.
sKf
sKe
sKd
sKc
sKb
sKa
%MKf
%MKe
%MKd
%MKc
%MKb
%MKa
MeasurementResultSk
%MkSx%Mx =
%MXf
%MXe
%MXd
%MXc
%MXb
%MXa
Measurement Result
% M
MOLAR COMPOSITION
Final consideration
L1
L2
L3
What about the minimum time to get a result?
L1
L2
L3
% M
¿? 1 min¿? 1 s¿? 1 h4 ~ 10 min
L1
L2
L3
Pipeline gas
Carrier gas
I.o. gas (k)
Metrological Control
L4Control gas
L5Verification *
Verification **
Metrological Control Summary
L4
Control gasCould be natural gas fromthe pipeline. Fill a tube, measure periodically (e.g. oncea day), make a control chart
L5
Verification *Traceable sample,Travelling standard.Legal MetrologyPeriodic Verifications
Verification **Take a sample on site,Measure in Laboratory.Legal MetrologyPeriodic Verifications
Oven temperature control
Temperature
PROCESS
T SET
PID is not enough !
GC in T&T
Final considerations
Coriolismass flow meter
Coriolis mass flow meter
CORIOLIS
kg kg
What doest it measures?
VOLUME MASSVS
Why measure mass?
Dynamic measure
INSTANT VALUE
TOTALIZATION
FLOW METER
Flow Rate
Quantity of fluid
Mass per unit of time
Mass flow rate
MASSFLOW RATE
kg/hkg/minton/dayet.al.
Density
Mass flow rate
Temperature
[ kg / m3 ]
[ kg / min ]
[ ºC ]
δ
qM
T
Primary measurements
Density
Mass flow rate
Temperature
[ kg / m3 ]
[ kg / min ]
[ ºC ]
δ
qM
T
1st Primary measurement
1.
DRIVER
SENSORS
MAGNET
COIL
BASE
2.
DRIVER / SENSOR1 VIBRATING TUBE
3.
1st MODE
2ND MODE
3RD
FUNDAMENTAL
(1ST MODE)
VIBRATION SYSTEM
DrivervE (t)
Sensor 1v1 (t)
MaximumAmplitude
Density = f (Resonance Frequency )
t
tv
v
4.
Tr
f
+ M.: f <
fR
MASS-SPRING SYSTEM
K
5.
- M.: f >
MASS
TRANSMISSIBILITY
v1 (t)S
vE (t)
vE
v1Tr =
6.v1 (t)
SvE (t)
AT RESONANCE
Tr
ffR
MaximumAmplitude
fR
What would happen if I change the fluid?
RESONANCEFREQUENCY
Density = f (Resonance Frequency )
Density
Mass flow rate
Temperature
[ kg / m3 ]
[ kg / min ]
[ ºC ]
δ
qM
T
2nd Primary measurement
Gaspard GustaveCoriolis
CoriolisForce
Coriolis Effect
F
Vω
F
V ω
Inertial force
Angularvelocity
COMBINED MOVEMENT
Radialvelocity
1.
2 VIBRATING TUBES
2.
PROTOTYPE
3.
1ST MODE
2ND MODE
3RD
VIBRATION SYSTEM
Esquema de Braces doble
PROTOTYPE
DRIVER
SENSOR1
SENSOR2
4.
DRIVERvE (t)
SENSOR 1v1 (t)
SENSOR 2v2 (t)
tv
tv
tv
5.
vE (t)
v2 (t)
v1 (t)
t
t
t
t
t
t
6.
WITHOUTCIRCULATION
WITHCIRCULATION
ΔT
v (t) t
PHASE SHIFT
7.
ΔT
v (t) t
MASS FLOW = f ( phase shift )
8.
ΔT
v (t)
ΔT = ~ 20 μs
t
MASS FLOW = f ( PHASE SHIFT )
9.
SENSOR 1
SENSOR 2
ELECTRICAL
SIGNALS
10.
fR
Analysis 1:
What would happen to theresonance frequency if I changethe fluid WITHOUT circulation?
What would happen to theresonance frequency if I changethe fluid WITH circulation?
CHANGE NO CHANGE
CHANGE NO CHANGE
Analysis 1:
What would happen to thephase shift if I changethe fluid WITH circulation?
What would happen to thephase shift if I changethe fluid WITHOUT circulation?
CHANGE NO CHANGE
CHANGE NO CHANGE
Mass flow =f ( Phase Shift )
fR
Analysis 1:
Mass flow = f ( Phase Shift )
What would happendto the resonancefrecuency if I changethe fluidWITHOUTCIRCULATION ?
Density
Mass flow rate
Temperature
[ kg / m3 ]
[ kg / min ]
[ ºC ]
δ
qM
T
3rd Primary measurement
Temperature
Sensor
Temperature measurement
Elasticity coefficient
EELASTICITYCOEFFICIENT
( YOUNG MODULE)
Esquema de Braces doble
ST
[ kg / m3 ]
ST
Density
[ kg / min ]Mass Flow rate
[ ºC ]Temperature
So far..
PRIMARY MEASUREMENTSSUMMARY
[ kg / m3 ]Density
[ kg / min ]Mass Flow rate
[ ºC ]Temperature
Secondary measurements
[ m3 / min ]
VolumeFlow rate
[ m3 / min ]
CorrectedVolumeFlow rate
Parts of a Coriolis mass flowmeter
CORIOLIS
TRANSDUCER
MEASURING DEVICE
CORIOLIS
SENSOR
Coriolis Sensor
TEMPERATURE
SENSOR 1
SENSOR 2
DRIVER
Coriolis Transducer
TEMPERATURE
SENSOR 2
SENSOR 1S.COND.
S.COND.
S.COND.
S.COND.
DRIVER
PULSESSignal amplification,conditioning, andprocessing
TEMPERATURE
SENSOR 2
SENSOR 1S.COND.
S.COND.
S.COND.
S.COND.
DRIVER
PULSES
CORIOLIS TRANSDUCER
Measuring device
CORIOLIS SENSOR
Measuring device vs Transducer
CORIOLIS
TRANSDUCER
MEASURING DEVICE
CORIOLIS
SENSOR
CORIOLIS
TRANSDUCER
TRANSDUCER
CORIOLIS
SENSOR
!=
RES.SCI 88 / 2012
OIMLR139-1 / 2014
METER
TRANSDUCER
CNG MEASURING SYSTEM
Constituents of a CNG measuring systemRES.SCI 88 / 2012
Meter output
[ kg ]Mass TRANSDUCER Pulses
TRANSDUCER
K factor
MASS
PULSESK =
i.e.:
1 PULSE = 1 g
1000 PULSES = 1 kg
Characterization
Density Characterization
Air / Water
Process fluid
Process fluid
Mass Flow rate Characterization
Characterization
Calibration(VIM 2.39)
Adjustment(VIM 3.11 Adjustment of a measuring instrument
Experiment
BALANZA
CORIOLIS METER
MESURANDO
VÁLVULADERIVADORA
BOMBA
S / R
6
4
2
1
0,5
NO
Test rig
MESURAND
DIVERTERVALVE
PUMP
SCALE
MEDIDOR MÁSICO
MESURAND
DIVERTERVALVE
PUMP
S / R
6
4
2
1
0,5
SI
CORIOLIS METER
SCALE
1.
Fluid flowing, no restriction
BALANZA
MEDIDOR MÁSICO
MESURANDO
VÁLVULADERIVADORA
BOMBA
S / R
6
4
2
1
0,5
SI
CORIOLIS METER
MESURAND
DIVERTERVALVE
PUMP
SCALE
2.
Fluid flowing, restriction (6)
BALANZA
MEDIDOR MÁSICO
MESURANDO
VÁLVULADERIVADORA
BOMBA
S / R
6
4
2
1
0,5
SI
CORIOLIS METER
MESURAND
DIVERTERVALVE
PUMP
SCALE
3.
Fluid flowing, restriction (4)
BALANZA
MEDIDOR MÁSICO
MESURANDO
VÁLVULADERIVADORA
BOMBA
S / R
6
4
2
1
0,5
SI
CORIOLIS METER
MESURAND
DIVERTERVALVE
PUMP
SCALE
4.
Fluid flowing, restriction (2)
BALANZA
MEDIDOR MÁSICO
MESURANDO
VÁLVULADERIVADORA
BOMBA
S / R
6
4
2
1
0,5
SI
CORIOLIS METER
MESURAND
DIVERTERVALVE
PUMP
SCALE
5.
Fluid flowing, restriction (1)
BALANZA
MEDIDOR MÁSICO
MESURANDO
VÁLVULADERIVADORA
BOMBA
S / R
6
4
2
1
0,5
SI
CORIOLIS METER
MESURAND
DIVERTERVALVE
PUMP
SCALE
6.
Fluid flowing, restriction (0,5)
BALANZA
MEDIDOR MÁSICO
MESURANDO
VÁLVULADERIVADORA
BOMBA
S / R
6
4
2
1
0,5
SI
CORIOLIS METER
MESURAND
DIVERTERVALVE
PUMP
SCALE
7.
Fluid flowing, restriction (combination)
BALANZA
MEDIDOR MÁSICO
MESURANDO
VÁLVULADERIVADORA
BOMBA
S / R
6
4
2
1
0,5
SI
CORIOLIS METER
MESURAND
DIVERTERVALVE
PUMP
SCALE
8.
Diverter switch, measuring
BALANZA
MEDIDOR MÁSICO
MESURANDO
VÁLVULADERIVADORA
BOMBA
S / R
6
4
2
1
0,5
NO
CORIOLIS METER
MESURAND
DIVERTERVALVE
PUMP
WEIGH SCALE
9.
End of cycle, recirculate
Real experiment
Characterization process
Error
Uncertainty
Characterization results
Output
1 PULSE = X kg
METER
Mass
METERTECHNOLOGY CHARACTERIZATION
So far..
Influencequantities
• Temperature
• Electric and mechanicaldisturbances
T [ºC]
t [s]
1100 1150 1200 1250 1300 1350 1400 1450 1500 1550 1600
-300
-200
-100
0
100
200
300
400
V [V]
t [s]
Influence quantities
AGA Report Nº11( 2003 )
SIN CORRECCIÓN
Δφ
TINOX
Δ
φCCON CORRECCIÓN
TEMPERATURA INOX.
EELASTICITY
COEFFICIENT
( YOUNG MODULE)t
t
t
Influence of temperature
PHASE SHIFT
STAINLESS STEEL TEMP.
PHASE SHIFT CORRECTED
Influence of electric disturbances
Phase referenceZero crossingSignal processing
uS
Influence of mechanical disturbances
Amplitude
Hydraulic circuit
Power source offluid movement
P
q
+
-
Zero flow test
PHASE SHIFT PHASE SHIFT
0 0
Advantages,applications
CNG DISPENSER
GLP
CHEMICAL
INDUSTRY
REFINERY
OTHER
Measurement needs for Coriolis technology
CORIOLISMEASURING
SYSTEMS
Measuring systems in the CNG path
ULACT
METER
TRANSDUCER
Vehicular CNG applicationMEASURING SYSTEM
DISPENSER TRAVELLING STANDARD VEHICLE
Metrological control application
Traceabilitytechniques
Traceability techniques
Gravimetric Master meter
Gravimetric Master meterPVT
Traceability techniques
Pressure, volume, temperature
PV
T
Density
PVT EUT
PVT Calibration
Gravimetric Characterization
Static mass measure
EUT Weight Scale
Gravimetric Calibration
MM
Master meter Calibration
EUT
PVT
Natural gasNitrogenCO2
Process Fluid for tests
MASTER METER
GRAVIMETRIC
LIQUID
GAS
WaterHydrocarbonsGlycol
NG, N2, CO2comparison
CNG N2 CO2
Possible choices for calibration gas fluid
Others?
CNG Density example
Natural gas
Nitrogen 2,5358Carbon dioxide 0,99920Methane 89,5608Ethane 5,00230Propane 1,00040i-Butane 0,29590N-Butane 0,29100i-Pentane 0,10060N-Pentane 0,10120N-Hexane+ 0,11280
COMPONENT %M
0,7639kg/m3
δ
101,325 kPa15 °C
Density range (Argentina)
0,7Kg/m3
δ
101,325 kPa15 °C
< <
TYPICAL VALUE
~0,873kg/m3
~0,459kg/m3
δ
Density comparision
Dry air ~ 1,20Nitrogen ~ 1,15Carbon Dioxide ~ 1,80Helium ~ 0,17Hydrogen ~ 0,08Oxygen ~ 1,31
GAS δ
0,7kg/m3
101,325 kPa15 °C
NG
Which one would be a good choice?
INTI’sproject
CNG Laboratory, objetives
INTI’s PROJECT
Pattern approval testsVerification tests
2%2%-1,5%MEASURINGSYSTEM
--1%1%METER /TRANSDUCER
In.situIn.situLabLab
SUBSECUENT VERIFICATION
INITIALVERIFICATION
PATTERNAPPROVAL
Maximum Permissible Errors
CNG Laboratory
INTI’s PROJECTN2
H2OGASLIQUID
Gravimetric system Process Fluid
CNG Laboratory, general concept
EUT
DISPENSER TRAVELLING STANDARD VEHICLE
Verifications in situ
Master Meter approach
Part 2: Summary of contents
End of Part 2
- Gas chromatograph- Coriolis mass flow meter- Characterization- Influence quantities- Advantages, applications- Traceability techniques.- NG, N2, CO2 comparison- INTI's project