01 gricean program

8/13/2019 01 Gricean Program

1/18

Gricean Program

Game Theoretic Pragmatics:

Introduction to Pragmatic Topics

Roland MuhlenberndMichael FrankeJason Quinley

SoSe 10

Roland Muhlenbernd Michael Franke Jason Quinley Game Theoretic Pragmatics: Introduction to Pragmatic Topics


2/18

Gricean Program

Table of Content

1 Gricean Program



3/18

Gricean Program

Conversational Implicature

Example 1

A: Excuse me, Sir. Can you tell me, what time it is?+> And if you can, please tell me.

B: Yes, I can. It is half past ten.

An Implicature is something meant distinct from what is said

A conversational Implicature arises, if the Cooperative

Principleis contravened superficially



4/18

Gricean Program

Signification subtypes

total signification

said implicated

conventionally conversationally

generalized particularized

Abbildung:Grice suggestion of a partial picture of signification subtypes(Levinson 2000)


G i P


5/18

Gricean Program


total signification

said implicated





G i P


6/18

Gricean Program

Cooperative Principle and & the Maxims

Cooperative PrincipleMake your conversational contribution such as required, at thestage at which it occurs, by the accepted purpose or direction ofthe talk exchange in which you are engaged.

Conversational Maxims

Quality: Make your contribution true; do not convey what youbelieve false or unjustified.

Quantity: Be as informative as required.

Relevance: Be relevant.

Manner: Be perspicuous; avoid obscurity and ambiguity andstrive for brevity and order.


Gricean Program


7/18

Gricean Program

Qualitative Implicature

Qualitative Implicature

1 Do not say what you believe to be false.

2 Do not say that for which you lack adequate evidence.

Example 2

A: Teheran is in Turkey, isnt it, teacher?B: And London is in Armenia, I suppose. +>What you said is

incorrect.


Gricean Program


8/18

Gricean Program

Quantitative Implicature

Quantitative Implicature

Q1: Make your contribution as informative as required.Q

2: Dont make your contribution more informative than required.

Example 3

Q1: Nigel has 14 children.+>Not more than 14.Q2: I broke a finger yesterday. +> It was one of mine.


Gricean Program


9/18

Gricean Program

Relevance Implicature

Relevance Implicature

Be relevant.

Example 4

A: Are you going to Pauls Party?B: I have to work.+> Thus I have no time to go.

Example 5

A: I am out of petrol.B: There is a garage round the corner. +> The garage is open.


Gricean Program


10/18

Gricean Program

Manner Implicature

Manner Implicature

M1: Avoid obscurity.M2: Avoid ambiguity.M3: Be brief (avoid unnecessary prolixity).M4: Be orderly.

Example 6

M1: No I-C-E-C-R-E-A-M for the children today.+> The children shouldnt understand the word icecream.M3: Miss Singer produced a series of sounds corresponding closely

to the score of Country Road.+> Miss Singer sang Country Road badly.M4: Alfred went to the store and bought some whisky.+>First he went to the store, then he bought some whisky there.


Gricean Program


11/18

g


total signification

said implicated





Gricean Program


12/18

g


total signification

said implicated

conventionally?? conversationally





13/18

Gricean Program


14/18

Features of conversational implicatures

1 Non-conventionality: Not part of the expressions meaning but

part of the truth condition.2 Cancellability: Implicatures can be denied withoutself-contradiction.

3 Non-detachability: Any way you had expressed the propositionyou uttered would have given rise to the same implicatures.

4 Calculability: You can trace a line of reasoning leading fromthe utterance to the implicature.

Example 8

I broke a finger yesterday.+> It was one of mine.

I broke a finger yesterday, it was Mike Tysons finger.

Example 9

I broke a digit yesterday.+> It was one of mine.broke/fractured, yesterday/Tuesday.


Gricean Program


15/18


total signification

said implicated





Gricean Program


16/18


total signification

said implicated





Gricean Program


17/18

Generalized and particularized implicature

A generalized implicature is a conversational implicature that isinferable without reference to a special context.

Example 11

A: Can you pass me the salt?. +> Please pass me the salt.B passes the salt.

A particularized implicature is inferable only with reference to aspecial context.

Example 12

Context: A and B have to attend a talk at 5 pm.A: Its 5 pm.+> Its time for the talk.


Gricean Program


18/18


total signification

said implicated





01 gricean program

Documents