BELLRINGER

Read the following excerpt from the Book of the Dead. Turn to your bellringer page and answer the following questions:

After reading this passage, what can you deduce about the afterlife and its importance in Egyptian daily life?

Why would someone be listing everything they did not do?

BELLRINGER – PRE-AP

Read the following excerpt from the Book of the Dead and Song of the Nile.

After reading this passage, what can you deduce about the afterlife and its importance in Egyptian daily life?

Why would someone be listing everything they did not do?

ANCIENT EGYPT

OLD KINGDOM: THE “________________”

THE NILE RIVER Flooded ____________________(July) and

receded in October leaving fertile soil Lived along lower part of Nile early on… Ended along the ___________________:

churning rapids with jagged cliffs and boulders

LOWER EGYPT AND UPPER EGYPT

3200 BCE Egypt under rule of 2 different kings

3100 BCE _________________ united Egypt 1st dynasty of 31 that will last 2600 years

OLD KINGDOM EGYPT

Begins with 3rd dynasty around 2660 BCE

________________ were god-kings Center of religion (______________) Government Military

“AGE OF PYRAMIDS”

Pharaoh had an eternal spirit or ka Resting place after death was a

_________________ More stone than Fertile Crescent

RELIGION

More ____________ than Mesopotamia Ra (god of sun) and Horus (god of light)

most important Over 2000 gods and goddesses Afterlife- heart weighed

DEATH IN EGYPT

All classes planned burials to safely reach Other World

Built tombs Preserved the body through ________________________ Put in coffin in tomb with scrolls, clothes, cosmetics,

food, and jewelry

CLASS SYSTEM IN EGYPT

CLASSES AND WOMEN IN EGYPT

Social classes were not set in stone Could gain status through

________________ Slaves could gain freedom ________________ could lead to high

positions Women had many similar rights as men

Own or trade property Propose marriage or seek divorce Entitlement to 1/3 of family property in

divorce

EGYPTIAN WRITING

Pictographs quickly developed into ______________which means “sacred carving”

1srt written on stone and clay, but later on ______________- reeds that grew in the marsh

ACTIVITY: WRITE YOUR OWN HIEROGLYPHICS

Look at the worksheet. Using the information provided, try to decipher the code.

Once you are finished, try creating your own hieroglyphics on a separate sheet of paper.

SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY IN ANCIENT EGYPT

Many inventions served a practical purpose Numbers, addition, and subtraction for

taxes ____________________for boundaries of farms Builders used mathematical calculations

for constructing pyramids and monuments Architects used columns in homes,

palaces, temples ____________to help planting season Medicine, pulse rate, splints, and surgery

THE DECLINE OF OLD KINGDOM

2180 BCE, power started to decline First Intermediate Period (100 years) __________________2080-1640 BCE

improved trade, transportation, and irrigation

1640 BCE Hyksos “chariot riders” took over for 70 years (Second Intermediate Period)

After that, the New Kingdom rises…

NEW KINGDOM EGYPT______________________________________________ (1570 BCE- 1075 BCE)

THE NEW FACE OF THE NEW KINGDOM Now had ____________

weapons and 2 wheeled ___________________

Army included archers, charioteers, and infantry

New crown- a battle helmet

NEW RULERS OF NEW KINGDOM

_____________________ _______________________ Declared self Pharaoh in

1472 BCE Encouraged trade over

warfare

Stepson of Hatsheput Invaded Palestine, Syria,

and Nubia

_______________________

1290- 1224 BCE Lived to 99 years old Considered one of the greatest

pharaohs “The Great Ancestor” Father of 150 children Discovered in 1881, on display

at Cairo Museum

EGYPT AND THE ____________________

Taking Syria and Palestine led the Egyptians into conflicts with the Hittites

Met at Battle of ___________ 1285 BCE– ended in standstill

Ramses II and Hittite king made a treaty that lasted the rest of the century

AGE OF BUILDERS

Beautiful palaces, tombs, and temples were built but hidden from grave robbers

Chose _____________________, near Thebes

VALLEY OF KINGS

DECLINE OF THE NEW KINGDOM

Attacked by “________________________” Egypt never recovered Broke apart regionally Libyan pharaohs ruled Egypt and

adopted culture After that, the ____________________ took

over and also embraced Egyptian culture.

KUSHITES (NUBIANS) CONQUER THE NILE Egypt ruled _________

for 1000 years As Egypt declined, took

over as power Nubia was between first

cataract and division of Blue and White Nile

Served as link between _____________ and the Mediterranean

KERMA

Started a little after 2000 BCE

1st ______________ kingdom Buried in chambers larger

than Egyptian princes Prospered during

____________________________________________________

Done by Piankhi in 751 BCE

KUSH

Studied under __________________while ruled by Egypt

Adopted architecture, clothing, and customs from Egypt

Attempted to take over Libyans to help preserve culture

____________________________

Royal family moved here for better protection

More rich in resources, better weather Traded along the Red Sea Prospered 250 BCE – 150 CE