Bellringer

Write down the answers to the following questions on a paper titled “Bellringer 2/4/11”:

1. Why did the Industrial Revolution begin in England?2. What was the Industrial Revolution?3. What was the Agricultural Revolution?4. What were cottage industries? 5. What did the following people do?• Watt:• Whitney:• Bessemer:• Jenner:• Pasteur:

• BJOTD: Why don’t elephants go skinny-dipping?

The Social Effects of the Industrial Revolution

Notes

• Cotton gin increased demand for slaves• 1833: Britain abolished slavery• 1865: U.S. ended slave labor and the slave

trade after the Union won the Civil War

Notes

• Factories were dirty, dangerous, and caused workers to get sick

• An average work day in a factory was 12-14 hours long with short breaks

• Workers were often beaten• Owners had control of the lives of their

employees

Notes

• Children were cheaper employees—kept profits high

• Worked hours as long as the adults• Children were weaker and got sick easily

Notes

• Women made 1/3 less than men and competed for the same jobs

• Joined unions to improve the factories they worked in and other social problems

• As they fought to end slavery, they also fought for suffrage (the right to vote)

Notes

• Schools during the Industrial Revolution were free and open to everyone

• Lessons taught by men and women who couldn’t find other work

Notes

• Unions=workers who join together in voluntary associations

• Collective bargaining=workers and management work together to determine pay

• Strikes

Labor Reforms:

By the 1820s and 1830s, laws were made to help reform working conditions in Great Britain and the U.S.• Factory Act of 1833: – 9-12 years old—less than 8 hours– 13-17 years old—less than 12 hours

• 1842 Mines Act: women and children could not work underground

• 1847: Ten Hour Law• 1919: Child Labor Law and Minimum Wage Laws

The Impact of the Industrial Revolution

1st: Population Increase

• More food/goods leads to more people

2nd: Increased standards of living—BUT NOT FOR EVERYONE

• More opportunities leads to more money and better houses for some…but not for all.

3rd: Improved Transportation

• Trains, steamboats, better roads

4th: Urbanization

• Definition: the movement of people from the country (rural areas) to the city (urban areas)

5th: Environmental pollution• Factories burned coal, causing pollution of the

air and waterways

6th: Increased education• More people were working in jobs that

required a basic education, so companies provided it.

7th: Dissatisfaction of the Working Class with Working Conditions

• People were unhappy with the poor conditions—led to the formation of labor unions

8th: Growth of the Middle Class

• With more jobs, people were able to earn enough money to live above the poverty line.

9th: Increased demand for raw materials

• This led to a race for more colonies in Africa, Asia, and the Americas.

Wrap-Up Activity/Homework

• Create two images—front and back of paper– 1 image of pre-industrialization – 1 image of post-industrialization – Each image needs a paragraph description to

accompany it (see below)

Pre-Industrialization• Image must include (label all parts)– Cottage industries– Less People– Less Education– More Agriculture– Less Pollution– Slower, more expensive products– Agricultural Revolution

• Paragraph should focus on what it was like to live before the Industrial Revolution and why the IR was needed. (6-9 sentences)

Industrialization• Image must include (label all parts)

– Britain (waterways, natural resources)– Factories– Increase in population– More education– Cheaper, faster products– Bad working conditions– Better transportation– Medical advancements– New inventions– Urbanization

• Paragraph: Talk about what the Industrial Revolution was, how life changed because of it (both for the good and the bad), and why it was important.