king, w.e. and lewinski, m. (2001). world history. minnesota: american guidance service, inc.: pgs....
TRANSCRIPT
King, W.E. and Lewinski, M. (2001). World History. Minnesota: American Guidance Service, Inc.: pgs. 346 - 366
The Catholic Church was the dominant religious power during the Middle Ages
The Pope was the head of the Catholic Church power often extended into government
(controlled kings) interpretation of the bible thought of as
the “proper” way to practice Christianity
Problems with the church began with an economic factor:
In 1294, King Phillip IV of France tried to tax French clergy (officials) but were unsuccessful in enforcing the tax for nearly 70 years!
In the 1500’s, people challenged the religious authority of the church.
These people were referred to as “reformers” because they felt the church needed to be reformed or changed
Thus, “Reformation” is the movement during which people challenged and changed the Catholic religion in Europe
An Englishman, one of the first reformers
Wycliffe believed: the church had too much wealth and
power the bible, not the church, should be the
authority for Christians To allow more people to read the Bible,
Wycliffe help translate the Latin Bible into English
Huss was a scholar at the University of Prague
Heavily influenced by John WycliffeHuss and his followers publicly
criticized the church The church arrested Huss and burned
him at the stake.
German Monk who taught religion courses at a local university
In the mid-1500’s, disagreed with the Catholic Church selling “indulgences”
Indulgences were papers that stated people would not be punished for their sins
Published 95 “theses” or statements speaking out against indulgences Luther stated that indulgences were wrong
because people could not buy forgiveness of their sins
These statements were sent to other countries, lowering the number of indulgences sold
Pope Leo X excommunicated or banned him from the Catholic Church
Martin Luther began his own church around 1521 (The Lutheran Church)
Lutherans followed three basic principles: Only faith in Jesus Christ could save people from sin Religious truth came from the Bible (i.e. People
should read the Bible and make decisions for themselves)
Christians do not need the clergy or special religious people to tell them what the Bible meant
Many German princes liked Luther’s idea and began to protest (challenge) the ways of the church. They became know as Protestants
In 1509, King Henry VIII wanted to divorce his wife but the Pope refused
King Henry appointed a new archbishop, who approved the divorce…then proceeded to begin a new church (The Angelican Church)
King Henry’s son, Edward, would later accept many of the Protestant reforms during the 1540’s.
Mary, Edward’s sister, made England Catholic
Elizabeth I, Mary’s half-sister, tried to join the Catholic and Protestant; many rituals became a blend of Catholicism and Protestantism
Some people in England were not happy with the compromise. These people were called Puritans. The Puritans would later leave England to settle in North America.
Fully organized the Protestant belief John Calvin believed:
People are born sinful (or bad) Few people would be saved from sin God already chose those who would be
saved, called the “elect”Much of John Calvin’s beliefs shape
today’s Presbyterian Churches
Counter-Reformation: to go against reform
The Catholic Church led the Counter-Reformation movement Censor or choose books by telling people
which ones they could read Roman Inquisition - inquired into
people’s beliefs and executed those who believed differently than the Catholic Church
Purposes of the Counter-Reformation To get rid of abuses within the church so that
it would be a body worthy of people's respect
Stop any more people from turning Protestant
To bring Protestants back into the Roman Catholic Church