hebrew civilization thrived from 1800 b.c.e. – 70 c.e. originally from mesopotamia, moved to land...
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Hebrew Civilization thrived from 1800 B.C.E. – 70 C.E.Originally From Mesopotamia, moved to land of Canaan
Hebrews were founders of Judaism Transformed from
Hebrews to Jews
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Origins and basic laws come from the Torah (God’s teaching)Torah consists of first five books of the Christian Bible (Old Testament)Historians study to understand history of JudaismHistorians also study artifacts left behind
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According to Torah, Abraham: ancestor of the Hebrews, lived in Mesopotamia1950 B.C.E. Abraham led many to Canaan, herded sheep & goats1800 B.C.E. Hebrews fled to Egypt due to a famineHebrews became slaves, Moses led Hebrews out of Egypt
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After escaping Egypt, Hebrews wandered for 40 years, return to Canaan1,000 B.C.E. Hebrews set up Kingdom of IsraelCanaan under rule of Kind David & son, King SolomonSolomon built a temple in capital city Jerusalem
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Abraham Moses
King David
King Solomon
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“Father of the Hebrews”: introduced Judaism
Based on belief of one God (Uncommon for this era)Torah: God told him to move his family to CanaanGod promised to make him the father of a blessed nationDescendants known as Jewish People
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“Greatest Leader”: led his people out of slavery in EgyptMoses told Hebrews: God lead them to Canaan for their faithful obedienceCanaan is known as the promise landGod gave Moses 10 most important lawsBecame foundation of Jewish beliefs
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Back to Canaan, ruled under Kings David and Solomon
Jerusalem became Holy City
King Solomon built the first great temple.
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Judaism began with a covenant between God & AbramGod visited Abram as an old man, told to leave his countryMesopotamia to Canaan
At age 99, made another covenant with God
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God promised to protect Abram’s descendantsMark of covenant: gave a new name, AbrahamAbraham means “father of many”Covenant meant: Jews would set an example for how God wanted people to live
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God often tested Abraham’s faithSacrifices common of animalsGod tested his faith by sacrificing Abraham’s son
Abraham agreed, took Isaac to sacrifice himStopped by an angel at last minute
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God promised again to bless Abraham’s descendantsHebrews flourished, nation made of 12 tribes
Abraham introduced idea of one God
Jews believe they should set an example of how people should live
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Moses became leader around 1250 B.C.E.Hebrews became very powerful and large in numbersPharaoh felt threatened, made Jews be slaves
Moses with God’s strength went to the Pharaoh to free the Jews
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Pharaoh wouldn't free the slavesGod punished Egypt with 10
different plaguesLocusts devoured all crops, Nile turned into bloodAngel sent by God killed first born son of watch family
Pharaoh finally gave in.
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Moses started to lead the Hebrews out of EgyptEgyptian Army caught up with the Hebrews by Red SeaMoses raised his stick and the sea partedHebrews got across, water came back while army tried to cross drowning the soldiers
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10 laws, foundation of Judaism
Given to Moses at Mt. Sinai
Commandments remind Hebrews to only worship one God
Sabbath- seventh day of the week to rest and worship
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Basic Moral LawsHebrews obey commandments to honor covenant with God.Had to make moral laws known to the worldMoses: led Jews out of Egypt, still celebrated today, brought the 10 Commandments, and worship one God
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David’s time: 1000 B.C.E.Hebrews at war with PhilistinesPhilistines agreed to be Hebrews slaves if could beat their strongest warriorTeenage David agreed to fight Goliath
Goliath was mocking God
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One mighty throw, Goliath fell David later became King due to strength and courageDavid ended wars and united the Kingdom of IsraelNew Kingdom had government, courts, army, David served as nation’s chief priest
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David chose Jerusalem as capital cityJerusalem: center of religious and political lifeArk of the Covenant to Israel
Ten Commandments in a wood and gold chest
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Death of David, Solomon takes overBuilt temple in Jerusalem to house the Ark of the CovenantHebrew people built templeOver 3,000 officials needed to oversee the projectTaxed his people a lot to pay for gold, wood, and copper
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Kingdom divided near Solomon’s death
Solomon angered the Hebrew people
David & Solomon’s descendants ruled Southern KingdomDavid & Solomon laid foundation for Jews to be governed by Kings: 400 years