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ZOOTAXA

Annotated checklist of the rotifers (Phylum Rotifera), with notes on nomenclature, taxonomy and distribution

HENDRIK SEGERS

Magnolia PressAuckland, New Zealand

1564

SEGERS2 · Zootaxa 1564 © 2007 Magnolia Press

HENDRIK SEGERS Annotated checklist of the rotifers (Phylum Rotifera), with notes on nomenclature, taxonomy and distribution(Zootaxa 1564)

104 pp.; 30 cm.

31 August 2007

ISBN 978-1-86977-129-4 (paperback)

ISBN 978-1-86977-130-0 (Online edition)

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ISSN 1175-5326 (Print edition)

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Accepted by R. Dalgleish: 26 Apr. 2007; published: 31 Aug. 2007 3

ZOOTAXAISSN 1175-5326 (print edition)

ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition)Copyright © 2007 · Magnolia Press

Zootaxa 1564: 1–104 (2007) www.mapress.com/zootaxa/

Annotated checklist of the rotifers (Phylum Rotifera), with notes on nomenclature, taxonomy and distribution

HENDRIK SEGERS Belgian Biodiversity Platform, Freshwater Laboratory, Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Vautierstraat 29, B - 1000 Brus-sels Belgium. E-mail: [email protected]

Table of contents

Abstract . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3Approach . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4Future prospects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9Acknowledgements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

Abstract

Phylum Rotifera comprises about 2030 known species classified in three main groups, the marine Seisonida (3 species),the Monogononta (1570 species) and the unique, exclusively parthenogenetic Bdelloidea with 461 clonal species. Here Ipresent an annotated checklist of the taxon, giving the global distribution of the valid species. This checklist containsover 3,000 available names at the genus- and species-group level, including valid names and a non-comprehensive list ofsynonyms. A number of taxonomic and nomenclatural suggestions following from the review is presented. Suggestionsinclude several new synonyms and two nomina nova: Dissotrocha kostei for Dissotrocha aculeata Koste, 1996 nonEhrenberg, 1838 (stat. nov., ex. Dissotrocha hertzogi aculeata) and Lepadella zigzag for Lepadella bractea Myers, 1934non (Ehrenberg, 1838). This contribution also describes features of an on-line, global names database of the Rotifera, onwhich this checklist is based.

Key words: biodiversity, biogeography, Rotifera

Introduction

In recent years science has witnessed a rapid evolution from print to electronic media in the production of tax-onomic resources. This inevitable evolution (see Godfray, 2002) is fostered by a large number of initiativeslike the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF, http://www.gbif.org/), the Integrated TaxonomicInformation System (ITIS, http://www.itis.usda.gov/), Species2000 (http://www.sp2000.org), and UniversalBiological Indexer and Organizer (uBIO: http://www.ubio.org), to name a few. Even long-establishedresources like the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN, 1999; see http://www.iczn.org/) are turning towards the World Wide Web, (e.g., with the ZooBank initiative: http://www.zoobank.org/; Polaszek, 2005) notwithstanding the obvious difficulty the ephemeral character of elec-tronic media pose to a stable scientific nomenclature.


Acknowledging this development, I present a checklist of the Rotifera of the world, extracted from a data-base compiled in the framework of the project `Freshwater Animal Diversity Assessment' (see http://FADA.biodiversity.be).

In addition to the checklist I provide a short overview of a number of features of the database and sometaxonomic and nomenclatural changes resulting from the literature review required to prepare the list. Thepresent paper, together with the analysis of the diversity and biogeography of the Rotifera (Segers, in press),are intended as citable source for the database.

Approach

The checklist is based on the taxonomy of rotifers as presented in monographs listed in Table 1, and numerousrecent publications. For practical reasons, only names or taxonomic changes published before November 1,2006 are included.

Considering that subsequent lumping of distributional data is easy whereas the inverse is not, a splittingrather than lumping approach to taxonomy has been adopted. As a consequence, the diversity of rotifers turnsout to be higher than previous estimates. This is especially so for genera like Lepadella and Lecane. In Lep-adella, the lack of any comprehensive revision is responsible for the discrepancy, while Lecane is exemplaryof the tendency towards a less inclusive species concept in Rotifera during recent years. This approach hasbeen corroborated by recent research using molecular (e.g., Goméz et al., 2002) or detailed morphologicaltechniques (Giri & José de Paggi, 2006), or combining different approaches (Ricci, 2001) and biogeography(Segers & Shiel, 2003), showing that diversity has generally been underestimated in Rotifera. On the otherhand, many rotifer taxa exhibit wide morphological variability, either as a result of phenotypic plasticity and/or distortion during fixation or dehydration. Although this has long been known and is well documented (seeDumont, 1983; Koste & Shiel, 1989c; Segers, 1998), variants are still frequently being described as subspe-cies of common species. Such taxa, together with insufficiently described ones, are included in the presentchecklist as their names are available, but are tagged species inquirenda in the absence of a critical taxonomicrevision. Names listed as referring to unrecognizable taxa in recent revisions listed in Table 1 have not beenincluded. The taxonomy reflected in the list may not be satisfactory, especially in taxa for which no recentcomprehensive reviews are available (e.g., Brachionidae, Lepadellidae, and Notommatidae).

The treatment of synonyms in the database is not comprehensive, but focuses on synonyms that occur inrecent literature or that are occasionally listed as valid taxa. Older synonyms (especially in the morphologi-cally variable Brachionidae: Brachionus and Keratella) can be found in Harring (1913) and Wiszniewski(1954). When necessary, care was taken to correct names in accordance with the International Code of Zoo-logical Nomenclature (ICZN, 1999). Incorrect subsequent spellings are generally not taken into accountunless they have some nomenclatural significance beyond their mere existence: keeping track of publishedspelling variants and nomina nuda in the vast ecological literature on rotifers is a daunting task with dubiousrelevance.

Data on distribution are presented for taxa considered valid only. This information is mostly drawn fromthe literature as in Table 1 and, as much as feasible, included only after critical assessment. A more completeanalysis of the biodiversity and distribution of the rotifers, based on the data presented here, is as in Segers (inpress).

Scope

The checklist and database, in its present version, contain 2127 species-level taxa of Rotifera, of which 109are presently considered species inquirenda, and some 800 synonymous or alternative genus- and species-

Zootaxa 1564 © 2007 Magnolia Press · 5ANNOTATED CHECKLIST OF THE ROTIFERS

level names. The vast majority of the valid names belong to Monogononta (1566), whereas Bdelloidea (461)and, especially, Seisonida (3) are much less diverse. The following information is provided:

Valid names of genus- and species-level taxa with authority, and the original combination of species-levelnames. Genera and species within genera are arranged alphabetically in the checklist in order to facilitateinformation retrieval. This ordering is consistent with Harring (1913) and Wiszniewski (1954).

Names with authority of synonyms of available genus-and species-level names, the latter in their originalcombination. The synonymy is incomplete for taxa in which a high number of older synonyms exist. For theseI refer to Harring (1913) and Wiszniewski (1954).

Names with authority of some species inquirendae not included in recent revisions (see Table 1).Taxonomic comments. This includes indication of taxonomically problematic cases, or instances where

synonyms are in use as names of infrasubspecific variants. Unavailable names of infrasubspecific taxa areadded in comments, except for those in genera like Brachionus and Keratella, where citing the exceedinglyhigh number of names of variants, forms etc. would only add to confusion.

Occurrence in eight large biogeographical regions (Palearctic, Afrotropical, Oriental, Nearctic, Neotropi-cal, Australian, Pacific and Antarctic), as circumscribed in Martens et al. (in press; see Figure 1), for all validand recognisable species-level fresh- and/or brackishwater taxa. Marine, parasitic and interstitial taxa arementioned as such. If relevant, a comment on distribution is added, mostly indicating that a regional record ofa species is dubious, or that such a record may result from species introduction.

FIGURE 1. Definition of the eight regions used in this work (after Martens et al., in press.)

In addition, the database includes a higher-level classification of the free-living rotifers, after Segers(2002) and Wallace et al. (2006). The Acanthocephala, of which several authors argue that they are highlyadapted parasitic representatives of the group (Mark Welch, 2000; see also Garcia-Varela et al., 2000; Giribetet al., 2000), are excluded.


The goal of the databasing exercise was not to introduce taxonomic or nomenclature novelties. However,a number of instances was found in which a change in taxonomy appeared warranted. In addition, some actualor potential homonyms were found. Many of the latter concern cases of congeneric, but not conspecific, sub-species with identical subspecies names. Because of the principle of coordination in zoological nomenclature,such cases are better avoided, or at least monitored. Especially, the subspecies rank of many rotifer subspeciesis exclusively based on the consideration that there is a morphological resemblance between taxa. We nowknow that cryptic speciation occurs, and may be common, in Rotifera; hence such arguments for attributingsubspecific rank are losing what little ground they ever had. Moreover, there are indications that what wereonce thought to be mere infrasubspecific variants could be taxonomically relevant entities (e.g., Giri & Joséde Paggi, 2006). Here, replacement names are only suggested for those junior homonyms that denote validtaxa. Other cases are listed as caution against potential future confusion.

The following are some suggestions on taxonomy and nomenclature:

Anchitestudinella mekongensis B‘rziÃÓ, 1973

B‘rziÃÓ (1973) contains two alternative spellings for the single species of Anchitestudinella: mekogensisand mekongensis. Subsequent authors have used either spelling, but none has ever clarified which of thetwo should be considered the correct spelling. Considering the etymology of the name, which is derivedfrom River Mekong, I suggest treating the latter, with -n-, as correct original spelling under Art. 24.2.3 ofthe ICZN.

Brachionus inermispinosus De Smet, 1989 = Epiphanes brachionus spinosa Rousselet, 1901 (new synonym).

The detailed description and, especially, figures of the habitus and trophi of B. inermispinosus by De Smet(1989) reveal that the animal does not belong in Brachionus; rather, it is an Epiphanes and, most likely,synonymous with E. brachionus spinosa.

Brachionus anchorporus Xu, Chen & Rao, 1997 = B. durgae Dhanapathi, 1974 (new synonym).

The description by Xu et al. (1997) undoubtedly depicts B. durgae, a taxon of which these authors wereapparently unaware.

Brachionus angularis orientalis Sudzuki, 1989 = B. angularis Gosse, 1851

The name B. angularis orientalis is a potential junior homonym of B. orientalis Rodewald, 1937, if thename would ever be used at the species level. Sudzuki’s (1989) species, however, is based on a relativelycommon variant of B. angularis and is treated as a synonym rather than a different subspecies. This is inagreement with Sudzuki’s (1998) treatment of the taxon as of infrasubspecific rank, although he reverts tolisting it as a subspecies in Sudzuki (1999).

Brachionus angularis pseudokeikoa Sudzuki, 1992; B. angularis pyriformis Sudzuki & Huang, 1997; B.angularis donghuensis Sudzuki & Huang, 1997; B. morondavaensis Sudzuki, 1998 = B. angularis Gosse,1851 (new synonyms)

Sudzuki (1999) cites the three subspecies listed above as species, in which case Sudzuki & Huang’s(1997) B. pyriformis would have to be treated as a junior homonym of B. pyriformis Barrois & Daday,1894, an established junior synonym of B. angularis. All four fall within the range of variability of B.angularis; B. angularis donghuensis is a poorly contracted specimen of B. angularis bidens, according toa photograph in Sudzuki (1999). A fifth taxon, B. angularis daitojimensis Sudzuki, 1992 is listed as aninfrasubspecific variant, hence a synonym, of B. angularis by Sudzuki (1999) himself.


B. dimidiatus isigakiensis Sudzuki, 1992; B. cluniorbicularis isigakiensis Sudzuki 1992 and B. durgae isigak-iensis Sudzuki 1992

Sudzuki (1992) named three new Brachionus subspecies “isigakiensis”. All three are easily recognized asbelonging to previously established taxa, as far as can be judged from the relevant descriptions and photo-graphs in Sudzuki (1992, 1999):

B. dimidiatus isigakiensis Sudzuki, 1992 (Brachionus isigakiensis in Sudzuki 1998, 1999) is a poorlycontracted B. bennini Leissling (new synonym).

B. cluniorbicularis isigakiensis Sudzuki 1992 is an unspined variant (f. cluniorbicularis) of B.quadridentatus Hermann (new synonym).

B. durgae isigakiensis Sudzuki 1992 falls within the range of variability of the nominal species, henceit is here considered a synonym of B. durgae Dhanapathi (new synonym).

As all three enter into synonymy, there appears to be no imminent danger of nomenclatural confusionbetween the three potential homonyms.

Brachionus brevispinus Sudzuki & Huang, 1997 = B. huangi Zhuge & Koste, 1996 (new synonym).

Although the taxonomic separation of the short-spined B. huangi and B. brevispinus versus B. diversicor-nis Daday may require substantiation, B. huangi and B. brevispinus are obviously identical. As B.brevispinus Sudzuki & Huang, 1997 enters into synonymy, there is no danger of confusion with its seniorhomonym B. brevispinus Ehrenberg, 1832, itself a synonym, and representing a well-known and commoninfrasubspecific variant, of B. quadridentatus Hermann.

Brachionus lyratus yonaguniensis Sudzuki, 1992 = B. angularis Gosse, 1851 (new synonym).

This taxon, listed as B. yonaguniensis by Sudzuki (1999), appears to be yet another variant of B. angu-laris. An appurtenance to B. lyratus is not evident from the available description and photographs.

Brachionus variabilis kasumigaurensis Sudzuki, 1998 = B. rubens Ehrenberg, 1838 (new synonym).

The available pictures of B. variabilis kasumigaurensis (see Sudzuki, 1999), especially the shape ofantero-dorsal spines and minute size of the rounded process on the dorsal foot aperture margin reveal asynonymy with B. rubens.

Encentrum grande (Western, 1891) and Encentrum kulmatyckii (Wiszniewski, 1953)

De Smet in De Smet & Pourriot (1997) argued that the description of Encentrum grande (Western) isunrecognisable, and proposed to refer to Harring & Myers’ (1928) description as reference for the taxo-nomic identity of E. grande. Considering the poor quality of many original descriptions of Rotifera andthe absence of type material, this is common practice in rotifer taxonomy. However, he further retained E.grande (Western) as species inquirenda, and included a E. grande Harring & Myers, 1928 in his treat-ment. This confusingly results in the recognition of two homonymous taxa, one E. grande (Western) andE. grande sensu Harring & Myers (1928) which, in fact, should be attributed to De Smet (1997). Thename Encentrum kulmatyckii (Wiszniewski, 1953), a junior synonym of E. grande sensu Harring &Myers (1926), is available for the latter taxon.


Dissotrocha hertzogi aculeata Koste, 1996 versus Dissotrocha aculeata aculeata Ehrenberg, 1838

Koste’s (1996) taxon has distinct body outgrowths (none in D. hertzogi), and lacks the extraordinarilylong rostrum ciliae and offset spur tips of Dissotrocha hertzogi (see Donner, 1965). These morphologicaldifferences are of a nature and magnitude that is generally considered relevant at the species level in bdel-loid rotifer taxonomy. In addition, it is particularly difficult to conform a species, let alone a subspecies,definition to an exclusive parthenogenetically reproducing taxon. I therefore suggest treating the two asseparate species-level taxa and, because of the homonymy of Koste’s name with Ehrenberg’s, I have thepleasure to suggest the name Dissotrocha kostei, honouring Dr h.c. W. Koste, as replacement name for thetaxon (nomen novum).

Keratella heywoodi Dartnall, 2005 = K. kostei Paggi, 1981 (new synonym)

Both Dartnall’s (2005) and Paggi’s (1981) descriptions point to the absence of a foundation pattern on thedorsal lorica, small size of antero-median and antero-intermedian, but large and ventrally-pointed antero-lateral spines as characteristic features of their new species. As Dartnall (2005) does not mention K. kosteiin his text, he may not have been aware of the existence of that name. The species occurs in Patagonia,Argentina (Paggi, 1981), and on the Falkland Islands and South Georgia (Dartnall, 2005).

Pompholyx acutangula Wu, 1981 = Testudinella brevicaudata Yamamoto, 1951 (new synonym).

Wu’s (1981) clear and detailed illustrations depict an animal with a large foot aperture. It therefore doesnot belong to Pompholyx, rather it is a previously described Testudinella, T. brevicaudata.

Testudinella tridentata obtusa Wu, 1981 = Testudinella greeni Koste, 1981 (new synonym).

The figures and photographs of Wu’s T. tridentata obtusa unmistakably depict a T. greeni. Apparently, Wu(1981) was not aware of the latter species.

Hemimonostyla blachei tutiurensis Sudzuki, 1998 = Lecane stenroosi Meissner, 1908 (new synonym).

The photograph of H. blachei tutiurensis by Sudzuki (1998) leaves no doubt as to its synonymy with L.stenroosi.

Lecane kasumiensis Sudzuki, 1998 = Lecane papuana (Murray, 1913) (new synonym).

Again, the photograph of L. kasumiensis by Sudzuki (1998) leaves no doubt as to its synonymy with L.papuana.

Lepadella bractea Myers, 1934 versus Squamella bractea Ehrenberg, 1838.

Myers’ name is threatened by its homonymy with Squamella bractea Ehrenberg, an established juniorsynonym of Lepadella patella Müller, 1786. Here, a replacement name is in order as confusion betweenthe two has occurred (Nogrady in Boyko, 1994), notwithstanding that Ehrenberg’s name is hardly everfound in combination with the genus name Lepadella. Myers’ (1934) animal is a remarkable but rareNortheast North American endemic that is unmistakable by the prominent zig-zag crest on its dorsal lor-ica. I suggest the name Lepadella zigzag as nomen novum for the taxon.


Lepadella parvula De Graaf, 1956 versus L. parvula Bryce, 1893

Lepadella parvula De Graaf, 1956 is a junior homonym of Lepadella parvula Bryce, 1893 and of the pre-viously replaced L. parvula Montet, 1915 (valid name: Lepadella minuta Weber & Montet, 1919). AsLepadella parvula De Graaf is an established junior synonym of Lepadella patella Müller, there is noimminent need for a replacement name.

Macrotrachela ligulata Haigh, 1965; Macrotrachela nana ligulata Schulte, 1954; Macrotrachela quadri-cornifera ligulata B‘rziÃÓ, 1950

Awaiting a revision of the large and complex genus Macrotrachela, I merely point out that Macrotrachelaquadricornifera ligulata B‘rziÃÓ, 1950 and M. nana ligulata Schulte, 1954 are potential senior hom-onyms of M. ligulata Haigh, 1965, if any or both of the first-mentioned ones would ever be raised to spe-cies rank.

The genus Diplois Gosse, and its single species D. daviesae Gosse are here considered genus et speciesinquirendae. Scrutiny of the available literature on the taxon, and consultation with colleagues revealed thatonly Gosse’s description exists, and that there are no reliable records or sightings of the species (W.H. DeSmet, in lit., R.J. Shiel, in lit., C. Jersabek, in lit.). The description of Pseudoembata parasitica by Wycliffe &Michael (1968) does not enable recognition of the taxon; the arguments for erection of a new genus are notsupported in the literature (see Donner, 1965). Also this taxon is therefore considered genus et speciesinquirendae.

Future prospects

The database mentioned here will be made freely accessible through the World Wide Web. In a first phase,researchers will be offered the possibility to select and extract a structured name list from the database. By thisservice, it is hoped to reduce the number of misspellings and other inconsistencies in the published literature.

In a second phase, the possibility will be offered to submit and save regional or local (georeferenced)checklists to the database, together with metadata on these checklists. One of the goals of the database is toprovide a resource to as reliable as possible data on the distribution of Rotifera. Hence, we envisage installinga system comparing submitted lists with reviewed distributional data so that new regional species records willbe highlighted and, eventually, reviewed by peers. This review process may involve submitting materialenabling the positive identification of the species concerned and, if this is possible by the nature of the taxon,by illustrating remarkable records through relevant photographs or original drawings on the web site.

Acknowledgements

The present work was done as part of the project “Freshwater Animal Diversity Assessment”, funded by theBelgian Science Policy Office, and benefited greatly from a previous compilation of a European species regis-ter under the EU-funded (FP5) Fauna Europaeae project. The Belgian Biodiversity Platform (www.biodiver-sity.be), especially A. Heughebaert, and N. Youdjou, transposed information from a spreadsheet to a databaseand to structured text, performed quality control and developed a web site and portal for the database.

I’m indebted to R.L. Wallace and an anonymous referee for reviewing the manuscript of this paper, and toW.H. De Smet and, especially, C. Jersabek for suggestions and corrections to the list.


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Table 1. List of major literature resources consulted. Higher-level classification: Segers (2002); Wallace et al. (2006).

Seisonidae: Sørensen et al. (2005)

Bdelloidea: Donner (1965) (taxonomy), B‘rziÃÓ (1982) (Dissotrocha aculeata group), Fontaneto et al. (inpress) and Ricci et al (2003) (distribution).

Monogononta: Koste (1978) (taxonomy), De Ridder (1986, 1991, 1993), De Ridder & Segers (1997) and Jers-abek (2003) (distribution).

Asciaporrectidae: De Smet (2006)Asplanchnidae: José de Paggi in Nogrady & Segers (2002)Brachionidae: Koste (1978), Koste & Shiel (1987). Also: Ahlstrom (1940, 1943)Clariaidae : Kutikova et al. (1990)Conochilidae: Segers & Wallace (2001)Dicranophoridae: De Smet & Pourriot (1997)Epiphanidae: Koste & Shiel (1987)Euchlanidae : Koste (1978), Koste & Shiel (1989a) Gastropodidae: Radwan & Bielanska-Grajner in Nogrady & Segers (2002)Ituridae: De Smet & Pourriot (1997)Lecanidae: Segers (1995a, 1995b)Lepadellidae: Koste & Shiel (1989b)Lindiidae: Segers in Nogrady & Segers (2002)Microcodidae: De Smet in Nogrady & Segers (2002)Mytilinidae: Koste & Shiel (1989a)Notommatidae: Nogrady et al. (1995)Proalidae: De Smet (1996)Scaridiidae: Segers in Nogrady et al. (1995)Synchaetidae: Hollowday in Nogrady & Segers (2002)Trichocercidae: Koste (1978) Segers (2003)Trichotriidae: Koste & Shiel (1989a)Trochosphaeridae: Segers in Nogrady & Segers (2002), Sanoamuang in Nogrady & Segers (2002)


Table 2. Checklist of the Rotifera

Legend: AFR: Afrotropical region; ANT: Antarctic region; AUS: Australian region; NEA: Nearctic region; NEO: Neotropical region; ORI: Oriental region; PAC: pacific region; PAL: Palearctic region (see Figure 1).

Abrochtha Bryce, 1910

Abrochtha carnivora Ricci, Melone & Walsh, 2001: NEO Abrochtha intermedia (de Beauchamp, 1909): NEA, PAL

Philodina intermedia de Beauchamp, 1909

Acyclus Leidy, 1882

Hyalocephalus Lucks, 1911

Acyclus inquietus Leidy, 1882: NEA, ORI, PAL Acyclus trilobus (Lucks, 1911): PAL

Hyalocephalus trilobus Lucks, 1911

Adineta Hudson & Gosse, 1886

Adineta acuticornis Haigh, 1967: AUS Adineta barbata Janson, 1893: AFR, ANT, AUS, NEA, NEO, PAL Adineta bartosi Wulfert, 1960: PAL Adineta cuneata Milne, 1916: AFR, AUS, NEA, PAL Adineta elongata Rodewald, 1935: PAL Adineta glauca Wulfert, 1942: AUS, PAL Adineta gracilis Janson, 1893: AFR, ANT, AUS, NEA, ORI, PAL Adineta grandis Murray, 1910: AFR, ANT Adineta longicornis Murray, 1906: AFR, ANT, AUS, NEA, NEO, ORI, PAC, PAL Adineta oculata (Milne, 1886): NEO, PAL

Callidina oculata Milne, 1886Syn.: Adineta alluandi Certes, 1903

Adineta ricciae Segers & Shiel, 2005: AUS Adineta steineri Bartoš, 1951: ANT, AUS, NEA, NEO, PAL Adineta tuberculosa Janson, 1893: AFR, AUS, PAL Adineta vaga (Davis, 1873)

Callidina vaga Davis, 1873Adineta vaga major Bryce, 1893: NEA, ORI, PAL Adineta vaga minor Bryce, 1893: AUS, NEA, ORI, PAL Adineta vaga rhomboidea Bērziņš, 1950: PAL Adineta vaga tenuicornis Bryce, 1926: PAL Adineta vaga vaga (Davis, 1873): AFR, ANT, AUS, NEA, NEO, ORI, PAL


Albertia Dujardin, 1838

Albertia crystallina Schultze, 1851 (Endoparasitic in marine and brackish water Oligochaeta)Albertia naidis Bousfield, 1886 (Endoparasitic in freshwater Oligochaeta)

Syn.: Albertia bernardi Hlava, 1904 Syn.: Albertia caudata Manfredi, 1927 Syn.: Albertia intrusor Gosse, 1886 Syn.: Albertia soyeri Coineau & Kunst, 1964

Albertia ovagranulata Valovaya, 1991 (Endoparasitic in marine Oligochaeta)Albertia reicheltae Koste, 1970 (Endoparasitic in freshwater Oligochaeta)Albertia typhlina Harring & Myers, 1928 (Ecology unknown)Albertia vermiculus Dujardin, 1938 (Endoparasitic in terrestrial Oligochaeta and Mollusca)Albertia woronkowi Zenkewitsch, 1922 (Endoparasitic in freshwater Oligochaeta; Baikal endemic)

Anchitestudinella Bērziņš, 1973

Anchitestudinella mekongensis Bērziņš, 1973: ORI

Anomopus Piovanelli, 1903

Anomopus chasmagnathi Mane-Garzon & Montero, 1973: NEO Anomopus telphusae Piovanelli, 1903: AFR, PAL

Anuraeopsis Lauterborn, 1900

Anuraeopsis coelata de Beauchamp, 1932: AFR, AUS, NEA, NEO, ORI, PAL Syn.: Anuraeopsis lata singapurensis Sudzuki, 1989

Anuraeopsis coelata coelata de Beauchamp, 1932 Anuraeopsis coelata kehjengi Sudzuki, 1989 (species inquirenda)Anuraeopsis cristata Bērziņš, 1956: ORI Anuraeopsis fissa Gosse, 1851: AFR, AUS, NEA, NEO, ORI, PAL

Syn.: Anuraeopsis hypelasma Gosse, 1886 Anuraeopsis fissa beauchampi Bērziņš, 1962 (species inquirenda)Anuraeopsis fissa donghuensis Sudzuki & Huang, 1997 (species inquirenda)Anuraeopsis fissa fissa Gosse, 1851 Anuraeopsis fissa haueri Bērziņš, 1962 (species inquirenda)Anuraeopsis fissa neali Bērziņš, 1962 (species inquirenda)Anuraeopsis fissa pseudonavicula Sudzuki & Huang, 1997 (species inquirenda)Anuraeopsis lata Bērziņš, 1962 (species inquirenda)Anuraeopsis miracleae Koste, 1991: PAL Anuraeopsis navicula Rousselet, 1911: AUS, NEA, NEO, ORI, PAL

Syn.: Anuraeopsis congolensis Evens, 1947 Syn.: Anuraeopsis racenisi Bērziņš, 1962

Anuraeopsis navicula berzinsi Sudzuki, 1998 (species inquirenda)Anuraeopsis navicula navicula Rousselet, 1911 Anuraeopsis quadriantennata (Koste, 1974): NEO


Paranuraeopsis quadriantennata Koste, 1974Anuraeopsis siolii Koste, 1972: NEO Anuraeopsis urawensis Sudzuki, 1957: NEO, PAL Anuraeopsis wulferti Sudzuki, 1998 (species inquirenda)

Asciaporrecta De Smet, 2006

Asciaporrecta arcellicola De Smet, 2006: NEA, PAL Asciaporrecta difflugicola De Smet, 2006: NEA, PAL Asciaporrecta hyalina (Wulfert, 1939): PAL

Pleurotrocha hyalina Wulfert, 1939

Ascomorpha Perty, 1850

Chromogaster Lauterborn, 1893 Sacculus Gosse, 1851

Ascomorpha agilis Zacharias, 1893: AFR, PAL Ascomorpha dumonti De Smet, 1992: AFR Ascomorpha ecaudis Perty, 1850: AFR, AUS, NEA, ORI, PAL

Syn.: Ascomorpha germanica Leydig, 1854 Syn.: Ascomorpha helvetica Perty, 1852 Syn.: Sacculus viridis Gosse, 1851

Ascomorpha klementi (Hauer, 1965): NEO Chromogaster klementi Hauer, 1965

Ascomorpha minima Hofsten, 1909: NEA, PAL Ascomorpha ovalis (Bergendal, 1892): AFR, AUS, NEA, NEO, ORI, PAL

Anapus ovalis Bergendal, 1892Syn.: Sacculus cuirassis Hood, 1894 Syn.: Chromogaster testudo Lauterborn, 1893

Ascomorpha saltans Bartsch, 1870 Ascomorpha saltans indica Wulfert, 1966: AUS, NEO, ORI, PAL Ascomorpha saltans saltans Bartsch, 1870: AFR, AUS, NEA, NEO, ORI, PAL

Syn.: Sacculus hyalinus Kellicott, 1888 Ascomorpha tundisii Segers & Dumont, 1995: NEO, PAL

Ascomorphella Wiszniewski, 1953

Hertwigella Voigt, 1957 Hertwigia Plate, 1886 non Schmidt, 1880

Ascomorphella volvocicola (Plate, 1886): AFR, AUS, NEA, ORI, PAL Hertwigia volvocicola Plate, 1886Syn.: Proales parasita Gosse, 1852 (non Ehrenberg (1838))


Aspelta Harring & Myers, 1928

Aspelta alastor Harring & Myers, 1928: NEA, PAL Aspelta angusta Harring & Myers, 1928: NEA, PAL Aspelta aper (Harring, 1913): AUS, NEA, NEO, PAL

Encentrum aper Harring, 1913Aspelta beltista Harring & Myers, 1928: NEA Aspelta bidentata Wulfert, 1961: PAL Aspelta chorista Harring & Myers, 1942: NEA Aspelta circinator (Gosse, 1886): AUS, NEA, NEO, PAL

Diglena circinator Gosse, 1886Syn.: Diglena giraffa Gosse, 1886

Aspelta clydona Harring & Myers, 1928 (marine)Syn.: Aspelta antonowiezae ďHondt, 1970

Aspelta curvidactyla Bērziņš, 1949: AFR, NEA, PAC, PAL Aspelta egregia Myers, 1936: NEA, PAL Aspelta europaea Hauer, 1939: PAL (marine and freshwater)Aspelta harringi Remane, 1929 (marine)Aspelta imbuta Harring & Myers, 1928: NEA, NEO

Syn.: Aspelta ecuadoriensis Koste, 1992 Aspelta intradentata Bērziņš, 1949: PAL Aspelta labri Harring & Myers, 1928: NEA, PAL Aspelta lestes Harring & Myers, 1928: NEA, PAL Aspelta macra Harring & Myers, 1928: NEA, PAL Aspelta pachida (Gosse, 1887) (marine)

Diglena pachida Gosse, 1887Syn.: Pleurotrocha littoralis Levander, 1894

Aspelta psitta Harring & Myers, 1928: AUS, NEA, PAL Aspelta reibischi (Remane, 1929) (marine)

Encentrum reibischi Remane, 1929Aspelta tilba Koste & Shiel, 1987: AUS

Asplanchna Gosse, 1850

Asplanchnella Sudzuki, 1964 Asplanchna asymmetrica Shiel & Koste, 1985: AUS Asplanchna brightwellii Gosse, 1850: AFR, AUS, NEA, NEO, ORI, PAC, PAL

Syn.: Asplanchna sieboldii urawaensis Sudzuki, 1956 Asplanchna girodi de Guerne, 1888: AFR, AUS, NEA, NEO, ORI, PAC, PAL Asplanchna herrickii de Guerne, 1888: AFR, AUS, NEA, NEO, ORI, PAL Asplanchna intermedia Hudson, 1886: AFR, AUS, NEA, ORI, PAL Asplanchna priodonta Gosse, 1850: AFR, AUS, NEA, NEO, ORI, PAL

Syn.: Asplanchna priodonta sirakabana Sudzuki, 1964 Asplanchna sieboldii (Leydig, 1854): AFR, AUS, NEA, NEO, ORI, PAL

Notommata sieboldii Leydig, 1854Asplanchna silvestrii Daday, 1902: NEA, NEO (doubtful Oriental record)Asplanchna tropica Koste & Tobias, 1989: AFR, ORI


Asplanchnopus de Guerne, 1888

Asplanchnopus bhimavaramensis Dhanapathi, 1975: ORI Asplanchnopus dahlgreni Myers, 1934: NEA, NEO, ORI, PAL (non-American records require confirma-tion)Asplanchnopus hyalinus Harring, 1913: AFR, AUS, NEO, ORI, PAL Asplanchnopus multiceps (Schrank, 1793): AFR, AUS, NEA, NEO, ORI, PAL

Brachionus multiceps Schrank, 1793

Atrochus Wierzejski, 1893

Atrochus tentaculatus Wierzejski, 1893: AUS, ORI, PAL

Balatro Claparède, 1867

Balatro aciliatus (Radkewitsch, 1870) (Endoparasitic in terrestrial Oligochaeta)Albertia aciliatus Radkewitsch, 1870

Balatro anguiformis Issel, 1904 (Endoparasitic in terrestrial Oligochaeta)Balatro calvus Claparède, 1867 (Endoparasitic in terrestrial Oligochaeta)Balatro fridericiae Kunst, 1954 (Endoparasitic in terrestrial Oligochaeta)

Beauchampia Harring, 1913

Beauchampia crucigera (Dutrochet, 1812): AFR, AUS, NEA, NEO, ORI, PAC, PAL Rotifer crucigere Dutrochet, 1812Syn.: Cephalosiphon candidus Hudson, 1886 (synonym occasionally considered an infrasubspecific variant

of B. crucigera)Syn.: Melicerta cephalosiphon Gosse, 1862

Beauchampiella Remane, 1929

Eudactylota Manfredi, 1927 non Walsingham, 1911Manfredium Gallagher, 1957Beauchampiella eudactylota (Gosse, 1886): AFR, AUS, NEA, NEO, ORI, PAL

Eudactylota eudactylota Gosse, 1886

Birgea Harring & Myers, 1922

Birgea enantia Harring & Myers, 1922: NEA

Brachionus Pallas, 1766

Brachionus adisi Koste & Hardy, 1984: NEO Brachionus africanus Segers, Mbogo & Dumont, 1994: AFR (single Thai record a result of sample contam-ination)Brachionus ahlstromi Lindeman, 1939: AFR, AUS, NEA, NEO, ORI


Syn.: Brachionus caudatus var. personatus Ahlstrom, 1940 Syn.: Brachionus havanaensis var. ahlstromi Lindeman, 1939

Brachionus amazonicus Koste, 1983: NEO Syn.: Brachionus urceolaris amazonica Koste, 1983

Brachionus amsterdamensis De Smet, 2001: ANT (Kerguelen islands)Brachionus angularis Gosse, 1851

Syn.: Brachionus angularis orientalis Sudzuki, 1989 Brachionus angularis angularis Gosse, 1851: AFR, AUS, NEA, NEO, ORI, PAL

Syn.: Brachionus daitojimensis Sudzuki, 1992 Syn.: Brachionus donghuensis Sudzuki & Huang, 1997 Syn.: Brachionus lyratus yonaguniensis Sudzuki, 1992 Syn.: Brachionus minimus Bartsch, 1877 Syn.: Brachionus morondavaensis Sudzuki, 1998 Syn.: Brachionus papuanus Daday, 1897 Syn.: Brachionus pseudokeikoa Sudzuki, 1992 Syn.: Brachionus pyriformis Sudzuki & Huang, 1997 Syn.: Brachionus syennensis Schmarda, 1859 Syn.: Brachionus testudo Herberg, 1853

Brachionus angularis bidens Plate, 1886: AFR, AUS, NEA, ORI, PAL (taxon occasionally considered an infrasubspecific variant of the nominal taxon)

Syn.: Brachionus kasadensis Sudzuki, 1976 Brachionus asplanchnoides Charin, 1947: PAL Brachionus austrogenitus Ahlstrom, 1940: NEO (single unconfirmed AUS record)Brachionus baylyi Sudzuki & Timms, 1977: AUS Brachionus bennini Leissling, 1924: AFR, AUS, NEA, ORI, PAL

Syn.: Brachionus dimidiatus isigakiensis Sudzuki, 1992 Brachionus bennini beauchampi Sudzuki, 1997 (species inquirenda)Brachionus bennini bennini Leissling, 1924 Brachionus bidentatus Anderson, 1889 Brachionus bidentatus bidentatus Anderson, 1889: AFR, ANT, AUS, NEA, NEO, ORI, PAL

Syn.: Brachionus bidentatus var. crassispinus Hauer, 1963 Syn.: Brachionus furculatus Thorpe, 1891 Syn.: Brachionus furculatus inermis Rousselet, 1906 (synonym considered an infrasubspecific variant (f.

inermis) of B. bidentatus)Syn.: Brachionus furculatus testudinarius Jakubski, 1912 (synonym considered an infrasubspecific vari-

ant (f. testudinarius) of B. bidentatus)Syn.: Brachionus furculatus var. jirovci Bartoš, 1946

Brachionus bidentatus minor Koste & Shiel, 1980: AUS Brachionus bidentatus senegalensis Koste & De Ridder, 1985 (species inquirenda)Brachionus budapestinensis Daday, 1885: AFR, AUS, NEA, NEO, ORI, PAL

Syn.: Brachionus similis Leissling, 1914 Brachionus calyciflorus Pallas, 1766: AFR, ANT, AUS, NEA, NEO, ORI, PAL (The taxonomy of B. calyciflorus is particularly confused. Validation of the numerous proposed subspecies and infrasubspecific variants awaits a thorough revision of the taxon)

Brachionus calyciflorus calyciflorus Pallas, 1766Syn.: Brachionus amphiceros Ehrenberg, 1838 (synonym considered an infrasubspecific variant (f.


amphiceros) of B. calyiflorus)Syn.: Brachionus dorcas Gosse, 1851 (synonym considered an infrasubspecific variant (f. dorcas) of B. caly-

ciflorus)Syn.: Brachionus gillardi Hauer, 1966 Syn.: Brachionus pala Ehrenberg, 1838 Syn.: Brachionus pala anuraeiformis Brehm, 1909 (synonym considered an infrasubspecific variant (f.

anuraeiformis) of B. calyciflorus)Brachionus calyciflorus gigantea Koste & Shiel, 1987 (subspecies inquirenda)Brachionus caudatus Barrois & Daday, 1894: AFR, AUS, NEA, NEO, ORI, PAL (The taxonomy of B. caudatus is particularly confused. Validation of the numerous proposed subspecies and infrasubspecific variants awaits a thorough revision of the taxon)

Syn.: Brachionus caudatus singapurensis Sudzuki, 1989 Brachionus charini Kutikova, Kosova & Khodorevsky, 1976: PAL Brachionus dichotomus Shephard, 1911 Brachionus dichotomus dichotomus Shephard, 1911: AUS Brachionus dichotomus reductus Koste & Shiel, 1980: AUS, ORI Brachionus dimidiatus Bryce, 1931: AFR, AUS, NEO, ORI, PAL

Syn.: Brachionus inermis Schmarda, 1894 (synonym considered an infrasubspecific variant (f. inermis) of B. dimidiatus)Brachionus diversicornis (Daday, 1883): AFR, AUS, NEO, ORI, PAL

Schizocerca diversicornis Daday, 1883Brachionus dolabratus Harring, 1914: NEO (doubtful PAL record)Brachionus donneri Brehm, 1951: ORI (single unconfirmed record from Panama canal waters, introduction?)Brachionus donneri bifurcus Wu, 1981 (species inquirenda)Brachionus donneri donneri Brehm, 1951 Brachionus durgae Dhanapathi, 1974: AFR, NEO, ORI, PAL

Syn.: Brachionus anchorporus Xu, Chen & Rao, 1997 Syn.: Brachionus durgae isigakiensis Sudzuki, 1992 Syn.: Brachionus moronensis Kuczynski, 1991

Brachionus falcatus Zacharias, 1898: AFR, AUS, NEA, NEO, ORI, PAL Syn.: Brachionus falcatus reductus Koste & Shiel, 1987 (synonym occasionally considered an infrasub-

specific variant of the nominal taxon)Brachionus forficula Wierzejski, 1891: AFR, AUS, ORI, PAL (introduced in NEA, doubtful NEO record)Brachionus havanaensis Rousselet, 1911: NEA, NEO (introduced in ORI and PAL)

Syn.: Brachionus trahea Murray, 1913 Brachionus huangi Zhuge & Koste, 1996: PAL

Syn.: Brachionus brevispinus Sudzuki & Huang, 1997 Brachionus ibericus Ciros-Peréz, Gómez & Serra, 2001: PAL Brachionus incertus Hauer, 1953: NEO Brachionus josefinae Silva-Briano & Segers, 1992: NEA Brachionus keikoa Koste, 1979: AUS Brachionus kostei Shiel, 1983: AUS, ORI, PAL (Unpublished North-east Chinese record)Brachionus kultrum Paggi, 1981: NEO Brachionus leydigii Cohn, 1862 Brachionus leydigii leydigii Cohn, 1862: AFR, AUS, ORI, PAL

Syn.: Brachionus quadratus Rousselet, 1889 (non Müller, 1786. Synonym considered an infrasubspecific


variant (f. quadratus) of B. leydigii)Syn.: Brachionus quadratus tridentatus Zernov, 1901 (synonym considered an infrasubspecific variant (f.

tridentatus) of B. leydigii)Brachionus leydigii rotundus Rousselet, 1907: AUS, ORI, PAL

Syn.: Brachionus quadratus rotundus Rousselet, 1907 (synonym considered an infrasubspecific variant (f. rotundus) of B. leydigii)Brachionus lyratus Shephard, 1911 Brachionus lyratus lyratus Shephard, 1911: AUS, ORI Brachionus lyratus tasmaniensis Koste & Shiel, 1986: AUS Brachionus mirus Daday, 1905: NEO

Syn.: Brachionus mirus angustus Koste, 1972 (synonym probably represents an infrasubspecific variant)Syn.: Brachionus mirus reductus Koste, 1972 (synonym probably represents an infrasubspecific variant)Syn.: Brachionus voigti Hauer, 1961

Brachionus murphyi Sudzuki, 1989: ORI Syn.: Brachionus niwati Sanoamuang, Segers & Dumont, 1995

Brachionus nilsoni Ahlstrom, 1940: AFR, AUS, NEA, NEO, ORI, PAL Brachionus novaezealandiae Morris, 1913: AFR, AUS, PAL

Syn.: Brachionus novaezealandiae var. hungaricus Nogrady, 1957 Brachionus orientalis Rodewald, 1937 (species inquirenda)Brachionus pinneenaus Koste & Shiel, 1983: AUS Brachionus plicatilis Müller, 1786 (The B. plicatilis group is an as yet incompletely resolved cryptic species group)Brachionus plicatilis colongulaciensis Koste & Shiel, 1980: AUS Brachionus plicatilis decemcornis Fadeev, 1925 (species inquirenda)Brachionus plicatilis ecornis Fadeev, 1925 (species inquirenda)Brachionus plicatilis estoniana Sudzuki, 1987 (species inquirenda)Brachionus plicatilis longicornis Fadeev, 1925 (species inquirenda)Brachionus plicatilis murrayi Fadeev, 1925 (species inquirenda)Brachionus plicatilis plicatilis Müller, 1786: AFR, AUS, NEA, NEO, ORI, PAC, PAL

Syn.: Brachionus hepatotomus Gosse, 1851 Syn.: Brachionus muelleri Ehrenberg, 1834

Brachionus postcurvatus Kuczynski, 1991: NEO Brachionus pseudonilsoni Sudzuki, 1992: PAL Brachionus pterodinoides Rousselet, 1913: NEA, NEO, ORI, PAL

Syn.: Brachionus westphali Carlin-Nilson, 1935 Brachionus quadridentatus Hermann, 1783 Brachionus quadridentatus melhemi Barrois & Daday, 1894: AFR, AUS, NEO, ORI, PAL Brachionus quadridentatus mirabilis Daday, 1897: AFR, AUS, NEA, NEO, ORI

Syn.: Brachionus variegatus Krau, 1962 Brachionus quadridentatus quadridentatus Hermann, 1783: AFR, ANT, AUS, NEA, NEO, ORI, PAC, PAL

Syn.: Brachionus ancylognathus Schmarda, 1859 (synonym considered an infrasubspecific variant (f. ancy-lognathus) of B. quadridentatus)

Syn.: Brachionus brevispinus Ehrenberg, 1832 (synonym considered an infrasubspecific variant (f. brevispi-nus) of B. quadridentatus)

Syn.: Brachionus capsuliflorus Pallas, 1766


Syn.: Brachionus cluniorbicularis Skorikov, 1894 (synonym considered an infrasubspecific variant (f. clun-iorbicularis) of B. quadridentatus)

Syn.: Brachionus cluniorbicularis isigakiensis Sudzuki, 1992 Syn.: Brachionus rhenanus Lauterborn, 1893 (synonym considered an infrasubspecific variant (f. rhenanus)

of B. quadridentatus)Brachionus rotundiformis Tschugunoff, 1921: AFR, NEA, ORI, PAL Brachionus rubens Ehrenberg, 1838: AFR, NEA, NEO, ORI, PAL

Syn.: Brachionus variabilis kasumigaurensis Sudzuki, 1998 Brachionus satanicus Rousselet, 1913: NEA, NEO Brachionus schwoerbeli Koste, 1988: ORI Brachionus sericus Rousselet, 1907: AFR, AUS, PAL Brachionus sessilis Varga, 1951: AFR, AUS, NEO, ORI, PAL Brachionus spatiosus Rousselet, 1912: NEA Brachionus srisumonae Segers, Kotethip & Sanoamuang, 2004: ORI Brachionus urceolaris Müller, 1773

Syn.: Brachionus urceolaris semicircularis Sudzuki, 1989 Brachionus urceolaris reductispinis Kuczynski, 1991: NEO Brachionus urceolaris urceolaris Müller, 1773: AFR, ANT, AUS, NEA, NEO, ORI, PAL

Syn.: Tubipora urceus Linnaeus, 1758 Brachionus variabilis Hempel, 1896: AUS, NEA, NEO, ORI, PAL Brachionus variabilis kohamensis Sudzuki, 1992 (species inquirenda)Brachionus variabilis variabilis Hempel, 1896 Brachionus zahniseri Ahlstrom, 1934: NEA, NEO Syn.: Brachionus gessneri Hauer, 1956

Bradyscela Bryce, 1910

Bradyscela clauda (Bryce, 1893): AUS, NEO, PAL Adineta clauda Bryce, 1893

Bradyscela granulosa De Koning, 1947: PAL

Bryceella Remane, 1929

Bryceella stylata (Milne, 1886): NEA, PAC, PAL Stephanops stylatus Milne, 1886

Bryceella tenella (Bryce, 1897): AUS, NEO, PAL Stephanops tenellus Bryce, 1897Syn.: Bryceella agilis Neiswestnowa-Shadina, 1935

Cephalodella Bory de St. Vincent, 1826

Metadiaschiza Fadeew, 1925 Paracephalodella Bērziņš, 1976


Cephalodella ablusa Myers, 1934: NEA Cephalodella abstrusa Myers, 1934: NEA Cephalodella akrobeles Myers, 1934: NEA, PAL Cephalodella anebodica Bērziņš, 1976: PAL Cephalodella angusta Myers, 1924: NEA Cephalodella apocolea Myers, 1924: AUS, NEA, NEO, ORI, PAC, PAL Cephalodella arcuata Wulfert, 1937: PAL Cephalodella asarcia Myers, 1942: NEA Cephalodella asta Donner, 1970: PAL Cephalodella astricta Myers, 1934: NEA Cephalodella auriculata (Müller, 1773): ANT, AUS, NEA, NEO, ORI, PAL

Vorticella auriculata Müller, 1773Syn.: Cephalodella prompta Neiswestnova-Shadina, 1935

Cephalodella balatonica Zsuga, 1996 (species inquirenda)Cephalodella belone Myers, 1924: NEA, NEO, ORI, PAL Cephalodella bertonicensis Manfredi, 1927 (species inquirenda. Tentatively considered a synonym of C. sten-roosi by Koste (1978))Cephalodella biungulata Wulfert, 1937: AUS, NEO, PAL Cephalodella boettgeri Koste, 1988: NEO, ORI Cephalodella brandorffi Koste, 2000: NEO, ORI Cephalodella calosa Wulfert, 1956: PAL Cephalodella carina Wulfert, 1959: PAL Cephalodella catellina (Müller, 1786): AFR, ANT, AUS, NEA, NEO, ORI, PAL (includes the infrasub-specific variant minor Zawadovsky, 1926)

Cercaria catellina Müller, 1786Syn.: Cephalodella armata Rudescu, 1960 Syn.: Cephalodella botezati Rodewald, 1935 Syn.: Cephalodella catellina natans Bērziņš, 1976 Syn.: Cephalodella myersi Wiszniewski, 1934

Cephalodella celeris Myers, 1937: NEA, PAL Cephalodella clara Wulfert, 1944: NEO, PAL Cephalodella collactea Myers, 1924: NEA Cephalodella compacta Wiszniewski, 1934: PAL Cephalodella compressa Myers, 1924: NEA Cephalodella conica Nogrady, 1962: PAL Cephalodella conjuncta Myers, 1940: NEA Cephalodella crassipes (Lord, 1903): NEA, PAL

Diaschiza crassipes Lord, 1903Cephalodella cyclops Wulfert, 1937: PAL Cephalodella decidua Rodewald, 1935: PAL Cephalodella delicata Wulfert, 1937: NEA, PAC, PAL

Syn.: Cephalodella eudelicata Wulfert, 1961 Cephalodella dentata Wulfert, 1937: PAL Cephalodella derbyi (Dixon-Nuttall & Freeman, 1903): NEA

Diaschiza derbyi Dixon-Nuttall & Freeman, 1903Cephalodella dixonnuttalli Myers, 1924: NEA


Cephalodella dora Wulfert, 1961: PAL Cephalodella doryphora Myers, 1934: NEA, PAL Cephalodella dorystoma Myers, 1934: NEA, PAL Cephalodella dorseyi Myers, 1924: PAL Cephalodella edax Hollowday, 1993: PAL (Parasitic in Uroglena volvox)Cephalodella elegans Myers, 1924: NEA, NEO, PAL Cephalodella elongata Myers, 1924: NEA, PAL Cephalodella euderbyi Wulfert, 1940: PAL Cephalodella euknema Myers, 1934: NEA, PAL Cephalodella eunoma Myers, 1940: NEA Cephalodella eupoda Myers, 1924: NEA Cephalodella eurynota Myers, 1934: NEA Cephalodella eva (Gosse, 1887): AUS, NEA, NEO, ORI, PAC, PAL

Furcularia eva Gosse, 1887Cephalodella evabroedae De Smet, 1988: NEO, PAL Cephalodella exigua (Gosse, 1886): AUS, NEA, NEO, ORI, PAL

Diaschiza exigua Gosse, 1886Cephalodella fluviatilis (Zawadovsky, 1926): AFR, PAL

Diglena fluviatilis Zawadovsky, 1926Syn.: Cephalodella elmenteita de Beauchamp, 1932

Cephalodella forceps Donner, 1950: PAL Cephalodella forficata (Ehrenberg, 1832): ANT, AUS, NEA, NEO, ORI, PAC, PAL

Notommata forficata Ehrenberg, 1832Cephalodella forficula (Ehrenberg, 1830): AUS, NEA, NEO, ORI, PAC, PAL

Distemma forficula Ehrenberg, 1830Cephalodella friebei Koste, Robertson & Hardy, 1984: NEO Cephalodella gibba (Ehrenberg, 1830): AFR, ANT, AUS, NEA, NEO, ORI, PAC, PAL

Furcularia gibba Ehrenberg, 1830Syn.: Cephalodella microdactyla Koch-Althaus, 1963

Cephalodella gibboides Wulfert, 1950: PAL Cephalodella gigantea Remane, 1933: NEO, ORI, PAL Cephalodella gisleni Bērziņš, 1953: AUS Cephalodella glandulosa Koch-Althaus, 1962: PAL Cephalodella globata (Gosse, 1887): AUS, NEA, ORI, PAL

Diaschiza globata Gosse, 1887Cephalodella glypha Wulfert, 1950: PAL Cephalodella gobio Wulfert, 1937: PAL Cephalodella gracilis (Ehrenberg, 1830) (Variable taxon. Includes the infrasubspecific variants lenticulare Wulfert, 1938; sigmoides Wulfert, 1950)

Furcularia gracilis Ehrenberg, 1830Cephalodella gracilis gracilis (Ehrenberg, 1830): AUS, NEA, NEO, ORI, PAC, PAL

Syn.: Cephalodella sagitta Wulfert, 1956 Cephalodella gracilis keta Reed, 1978: PAL Cephalodella graciosa Wulfert, 1956: PAL Cephalodella gusuleaci Rodewald, 1935: PAL Cephalodella harringi Smirnov, 1927: PAL


Cephalodella hiulca Myers, 1924: NEA, PAL Cephalodella hollowdayi Koste, 1986: NEO Cephalodella hoodii (Gosse, 1886): NEA, ORI, PAL

Diaschiza hoodii Gosse, 1886Syn.: Cephalodella remanei Wiszniewski, 1934 Syn.: Cephalodella strigosa Myers, 1924

Cephalodella hyalina Myers, 1924: NEA, PAL Syn.: Cephalodella horni Wulfert, 1960

Cephalodella incila Wulfert, 1937: NEA, PAC, PAL Cephalodella innesi Myers, 1924: NEA, PAL Cephalodella inquilina Myers, 1924: NEA, PAL

Syn.: Cephalodella inquila auct. Cephalodella intuta Myers, 1924 Cephalodella intuta intuta Myers, 1924: AUS, NEA, NEO, ORI, PAC, PAL Cephalodella intuta jamaicaiensis Koste, Janetzky & Vareschi, 1993: NEO Cephalodella irisae Koste, Janetzky & Vareschi, 1993: NEO Cephalodella jakubskii Wiszniewski, 1953: PAL

Syn.: Cephalodella donneri Hauer, 1959 Cephalodella labiosa Wulfert, 1940: PAL Cephalodella laisa Hauer, 1935: PAL Cephalodella latifulcrum (Bērziņš, 1976): PAL

Paracephalodella latifulcrum Bērziņš, 1976Cephalodella lepida Myers, 1934: NEA, PAL Cephalodella licina Wulfert, 1961: PAL Cephalodella licinia Myers, 1924: NEA Cephalodella limosa Wulfert, 1937: NEO, PAL Cephalodella lindamayae Koste & Shiel, 1986: AUS Cephalodella lipara Myers, 1924: AUS, PAL Cephalodella macrodactyla (Stenroos, 1898): NEA, PAL

Furcularia macrodactyla Stenroos, 1898Syn.: Cephalodella strepta Myers, 1924

Cephalodella maior (Zawadovsky, 1926): AFR, PAL Diglena maior Zawadovsky, 1926Syn.: Cephalodella wiszniewskii Edmondson & Hutchinson, 1934

Cephalodella marina Myers, 1924: NEA Syn.: Cephalodella epitedia Myers, 1924

Cephalodella megalocephala (Glascott, 1893): ANT, AUS, NEA, NEO, ORI, PAC, PAL Furcularia megalocephala Glascott, 1893

Cephalodella megalotrocha Wiszniewski, 1934: NEO, PAL Cephalodella melia Myers, 1924: NEA Cephalodella mineri Myers, 1924: NEA Cephalodella minora Wulfert, 1960: PAL Cephalodella mira Myers, 1934: NEA, NEO, PAL

Syn.: Cephalodella nidicola Bērziņš, 1976 Cephalodella misgurnus Wulfert, 1937: AUS, NEO, ORI, PAL Cephalodella monica Koste & Tobias, 1998: AFR


Cephalodella montana Myers, 1942: NEA Cephalodella mucosa Myers, 1934: NEA Cephalodella mucronata Myers, 1924: AFR, AUS, NEA, NEO, ORI, PAL Cephalodella mus Wulfert, 1956: PAL Cephalodella nana Myers, 1924: AUS, NEA, NEO, PAC, PAL Cephalodella nelitis Myers, 1924: NEA Cephalodella obesa Donner, 1949: PAL Cephalodella obvia Donner, 1950: NEA, PAL Cephalodella oxydactyla Wulfert, 1937: PAL Cephalodella pachydactyla Wulfert, 1937: PAL

Syn.: Cephalodella nodosa Wulfert, 1937 Cephalodella pachyodon Wulfert, 1937: PAL Cephalodella paggiae Koste & Robertson, 1983: NEO Cephalodella panarista Myers, 1924: AUS, NEA, NEO, ORI, PAL Cephalodella papillosa Myers, 1924: NEA Cephalodella parasitica (Jennings, 1894): AUS, NEA, PAL

Pleurotrocha parasitica Jennings, 1894Cephalodella paxi Wulfert, 1959: PAL Cephalodella paxilla Myers, 1924: NEA Cephalodella pentaplax Wulfert, 1943: PAL Cephalodella pheloma Myers, 1924: AUS, NEA, PAL Cephalodella physalis Myers, 1924: AUS, NEA, PAL Cephalodella planera Myers, 1940: NEA Cephalodella plicata Myers, 1924: AUS, NEA, PAL Cephalodella poitera Myers, 1934: NEA Cephalodella praelonga Myers, 1934: NEA Cephalodella psammophila Koch-Althaus, 1962: PAL Cephalodella pseudeva Bērziņš, 1976: PAL Cephalodella qionghaiensis Koste & Zhuge, 1998: ORI Cephalodella reimanni Donner, 1950: PAL Cephalodella retusa Myers, 1924: NEA Cephalodella rigida Donner, 1950: PAL Cephalodella rostrum Reed, 1978: PAL Cephalodella rotunda Wulfert, 1937 Cephalodella rotunda bryophila Pawłowski, 1938: ANT, PAC, PAL Cephalodella rotunda rotunda Wulfert, 1937: NEA, PAL Cephalodella segersi De Smet, 1998: PAL Cephalodella somniculosa Margalef, 1948: PAL Cephalodella songkhlaensis Segers & Pholpunthin, 1997: ORI Cephalodella speciosa Myers, 1924: NEA Cephalodella stenroosi Wulfert, 1937: NEO, PAL

Syn.: Cephalodella bertonicensis Manfredi, 1927 Syn.: Cephalodella deformis Donner, 1950 Syn.: Cephalodella var. austriaca Donner, 1978

Cephalodella sterea (Gosse, 1887): ANT, AUS, NEA, NEO, ORI, PAC, PAL (Morphologically variable and complex taxon. Includes the infrasubspecific variants mutata, minor, dentata Donner, 1950; and f. nov. Donner,


1964)

Furcularia sterea Gosse, 1887Syn.: Cephalodella sterea exoculis Bērziņš, 1976 Syn.: Cephalodella serrata Wulfert, 1937

Cephalodella strigosa Myers, 1924: NEA Cephalodella subsecunda Myers, 1924: NEA, PAL Cephalodella tachyphora Myers, 1924: NEA, PAL Cephalodella tantilla Myers, 1924: AUS, NEA, ORI, PAL

Syn.: Cephalodella galbina Myers, 1924 Syn.: Cephalodella sabulosa Myers, 1942

Cephalodella tantilloides Hauer, 1935: AUS, PAL Cephalodella tecta Donner, 1950: PAL Cephalodella tempesta Wulfert, 1956: PAL Cephalodella tenuior (Gosse, 1886): ANT, AUS, NEA, ORI, PAL (includes the infrasubspecific variant pigmentata Wulfert, 1951)

Diaschiza tenuior Gosse, 1886Cephalodella tenuis Koch-Althaus, 1962: PAL Cephalodella tenuiseta (Burn, 1890): AUS, NEA, NEO, PAL

Furcularia tenuiseta Burn, 1890Syn.: Cephalodella tenuiseta simplex Bērziņš, 1976

Cephalodella theodora Koch-Althaus, 1961: NEA, PAL Cephalodella tinca Wulfert, 1937: AUS, NEO, ORI, PAL (includes the infrasubspecific variant conspicua Donner, 1950)Cephalodella tincaformis Koste, 1992: NEO Cephalodella trigona (Rousselet, 1895): PAL

Diplois trigona Rousselet, 1895Syn.: Furcularia leptodactyla Hauer, 1922 Syn.: Diplois sculpturata Daday, 1897

Cephalodella unguitata Hauer, 1935: PAL Cephalodella vacuna Myers, 1924: NEA Cephalodella ventripes (Dixon-Nuttall, 1901): AUS, NEA, NEO, PAC, PAL (includes the infrasubspe-cific variant angustior Donner, 1950)

Diaschiza ventripes Dixon-Nuttall, 1901Cephalodella vitella Wulfert, 1956: PAL Cephalodella vittata Kutikova, 1985: PAL (Baikal endemic)Cephalodella volvocicola (Zawadovsky, 1916): NEA, PAL

Diglena volvocicola Zawadovsky, 1916Cephalodella wrighti Wulfert, 1960: PAL Cephalodella xenica Myers, 1924: NEA, PAL Cephalodella zeteta Wulfert, 1961: PAL

Ceratotrocha Bryce, 1910

Ceratotrocha cornigera (Bryce, 1893): ANT, AUS, NEA, NEO, PAL Callidina cornigera Bryce, 1893

Ceratotrocha franzi Donner, 1949: PAL


Ceratotrocha rodewaldi Donner, 1962: PALCeratotrocha velata Donner, 1949: PAL

Claria Kutikova, Markevich & Spiridonov, 1990

Claria segmentata Kutikova, Markevich & Spiridonov, 1990 (Endoparasitic in terrestrial Oligochaeta)

Collotheca Harring, 1913

Collotheca ambigua (Hudson, 1883): AFR, AUS, NEA, NEO, PAL Floscularia ambigua Hudson, 1883Syn.: Floscularia algicola Hudson, 1886 Syn.: Floscularia minor Hudson, 1886 (proposed as ssp.)

Collotheca annulata (Hood, 1888): AFR, PAL Floscularia annulata Hood, 1888Syn.: Floscularia uniloba Wierzejski, 1893

Collotheca atrochoides (Wierzejski, 1893): NEA, NEO, PAL Floscularia atrochoides Wierzejski, 1893

Collotheca balatonica Varga, 1936: PAL Collotheca bilfingeri Bērziņš, 1951: PAL

Syn.: Floscularia calva Bilfinger, 1894 (non Hudson (1885))Collotheca bulbosa Bērziņš, 1951: PAL Collotheca calva (Hudson, 1885): NEO, PAL

Floscularia calva Hudson, 1885Collotheca campanulata (Dobie, 1849): AFR, ANT, AUS, NEA, NEO, ORI, PAL

Floscularia campanulata Dobie, 1849Syn.: Collotheca gracilipes Edmondson, 1939 (synonym considered an infrasubspecific variant of C. cam-

panulata)Syn.: Floscularia longicaudata Hudson, 1883 (synonym considered an infrasubspecific variant of C. cam-

panulata)Collotheca coronetta (Cubitt, 1869): AFR, AUS, NEO, PAL

Floscularia coronetta Cubitt, 1869Syn.: Collotheca coronetta weberi Summerfield-Wright, 1961 (synonym considered an infrasubspecific

variant of C. coronetta)Syn.: Stephanoceros horatii Cubitt, 1871 Syn.: Floscularia longilobata Bartsch, 1877

Collotheca crateriformis Offord, 1934: PAL Collotheca cucullata (Hood, 1894): PAL

Floscularia cucullata Hood, 1894Collotheca cucullata cucullata (Hood, 1894)

Floscularia cucullata cucullata Hood, 1894Collotheca cucullata smolandica Bērziņš, 1951: PAL Collotheca discophora (Skorikov, 1903): PAL

Floscularia discophora Skorikov, 1903Collotheca edentata (Collins, 1872): AUS, NEA, NEO, ORI, PAL


Floscularia edentata Collins, 1872Syn.: Collotheca breviciliata Bērziņš, 1951 (synonym considered an infrasubspecific variant of C. edentata)

Collotheca edmondsoni Bērziņš, 1951: PAL Collotheca epizootica (Monard, 1922): PAL

Floscularia epizootica Monard, 1922Collotheca evansonii (Anderson & Shephard, 1892): AUS

Floscularia evansonii Anderson & Shephard, 1892Collotheca ferox (Penard, 1914): PAC, PAL

Floscularia ferox Penard, 1914Collotheca gossei (Hood, 1892): PAL

Floscularia gossei Hood, 1892Collotheca heptabrachiata (Schoch, 1869): AFR, NEA, NEO, PAL

Floscularia heptabrachiata Schoch, 1869Syn.: Floscularia diadema Petr, 1890 (synonym considered an infrasubspecific variant of C. heptabrachiata)Syn.: Floscularia regalis Hudson, 1883

Collotheca hoodi (Hudson, 1883): NEA, PAL Floscularia hoodi Hudson, 1883

Collotheca judayi Edmondson, 1940: NEA, NEO Collotheca lettevalli Bērziņš, 1976: PAL Collotheca libera (Zacharias, 1894): AFR, AUS, NEA, NEO, ORI, PAL

Floscularia libera Zacharias, 1894Collotheca minuta (Milne, 1905): AFR, PAL

Floscularia minuta Milne, 1905Collotheca monoceros (Zacharias, 1912): PAL

Floscularia monoceros Zacharias, 1912Collotheca moselii (Milne, 1905): AFR, PAL

Floscularia moselii Milne, 1905Collotheca mutabilis (Hudson, 1885): AFR, AUS, NEA, NEO, ORI, PAL

Floscularia mutabilis Hudson, 1885Collotheca ornata (Ehrenberg, 1832): AFR, ANT, AUS, NEA, NEO, ORI, PAC, PAL

Floscularia ornata Ehrenberg, 1832Syn.: Floscularia appendiculata Leydig, 1854 (synonym of C. ornata f. cornuta)Syn.: Floscularia cornuta Dobie, 1849 (synonym considered an infrasubspecific variant of C. ornata)Syn.: Floscularia cyclops Cubitt, 1871 (synonym considered an infrasubspecific variant of C. ornata)Syn.: Floscularia mira Hudson, 1885 Syn.: Floscularia ornata natans Tschugunoff, 1921 (synonym considered an infrasubspecific variant of C.

ornata)Syn.: Floscularia pentacornis Costa, 1838 Syn.: Collotheca volutata Sebestyén & Varga, 1950 (synonym considered an infrasubspecific variant of C.

ornata)Collotheca pelagica (Rousselet, 1893): AFR, AUS, NEA, NEO, ORI, PAL

Floscularia pelagica Rousselet, 1893Syn.: Collotheca liepetterseni Bērziņš, 1951 (synonym considered an infrasubspecific variant of C. pelag-

ica)Syn.: Collotheca tubiformis Nipkow, 1961 (synonym considered an infrasubspecific variant of C. pelagica)

Collotheca polyphema Harring, 1914: NEA, NEO


Collotheca quadrilobata (Hood, 1892): PAL Floscularia quadrilobata Hood, 1892

Collotheca quadrinodosa Summerfield-Wright, 1961: PAL Syn.: Collotheca bjoerki Bērziņš, 1975 (synonym considered an infrasubspecific variant of C. quadrinodosa,

as var. bicornuta Koste, 1978)Collotheca rasmae Bērziņš, 1951: PAL Collotheca riverai Vilaclara & Sládeček, 1989: NEA Collotheca sessilis (Milne, 1905): AFR, PAL

Floscularia sessilis Milne, 1905Collotheca spinata (Hood, 1893): PAL

Floscularia spinata Hood, 1893Collotheca stephanochaeta Edmondson, 1936: NEA, PAL Collotheca tenuilobata (Anderson, 1889): AFR, AUS, NEA, NEO, PAL

Floscularia tenuilobata Anderson, 1889Syn.: Collotheca corynetis Edmondson, 1939

Collotheca thunmarki Bērziņš, 1951: PAL Collotheca torquilobata (Thorpe, 1891): PAL

Floscularia torquilobata Thorpe, 1891Collotheca trifidlobata (Pittock, 1895): PAL

Floscularia trifidlobata Pittock, 1895Collotheca trilobata (Collins, 1872): AFR, AUS, NEA, ORI, PAL

Floscularia trilobata Collins, 1872Syn.: Floscularia trifolium Hudson, 1881 Syn.: Floscularia uniloba Wierzejski, 1893

Collotheca undulata Sládeček, 1968: PAL Collotheca vargai Nogrady, 1976: NEA Collotheca wiszniewskii Varga, 1938: PAL

Syn.: Collotheca wiszniewskii venusta Bērziņš, 1951 (synonym considered an infrasubspecific variant of C. wiszniewskii)

Colurella Bory de St. Vincent, 1824

Colurus Ehrenberg, 1830

Colurella adriatica Ehrenberg, 1831: AFR, ANT, AUS, NEA, NEO, ORI, PAC, PAL (includes the infrasubspecific variants angusta Donner, 1964; lata Donner, 1964 and α, β, γ Hauer (1924), marine and brackish water)

Syn.: Monura bartonia Gosse, 1887 Syn.: Colurus caudatus Ehrenberg, 1834 Syn.: Monura dulcis Ehrenberg, 1838 Syn.: Colurus leptus Gosse, 1887 Syn.: Colurus navalis Lord, 1884

Colurella anodonta Carlin, 1939: AFR, NEA, NEO, PAL Colurella aquaeducti Török, 1956: PAL Colurella collaris Wulfert, 1965: AFR Colurella colurus (Ehrenberg, 1830)

Monura colurus Ehrenberg, 1830


Colurella colurus colurus (Ehrenberg, 1830): AFR, ANT, AUS, NEA, NEO, ORI, PAL (marine and brackish water)

Syn.: Colurus amblytelus Gosse, 1886 Syn.: Colurus grallator Gosse, 1887 Syn.: Monura loncheres Gosse, 1887 Syn.: Colurella longidigita Mola, 1930 Syn.: Colurus rotundatus Daday, 1890

Colurella colurus compressa (Lucks, 1912): ANT, AUS, NEA, NEO, PAL Colurus compressus Lucks, 1912

Colurella denticauda Carlin, 1939: NEA, NEO, PAC, PAL Colurella dicentra (Gosse, 1887): NEA, NEO, PAL (marine and brackish water)

Colurus dicentrus Gosse, 1887Colurella geophila Donner, 1951: NEA, NEO, ORI, PAL (taxonomic status uncertain; includes the infrasub-specific variants gracilis Althaus, 1957; halensis Althaus, 1957; limnetica Althaus, 1957)

Syn.: Colurella gracilis Althaus, 1957 (non Hilgendorf (1899))Syn.: Colurella subtilis Althaus, 1957

Colurella halophila Wulfert, 1942: PAL Colurella hindenburgi Steinecke, 1917: AFR, AUS, NEA, NEO, ORI, PAC, PAL

Syn.: Colurella gastracantha Hauer, 1924 (synonym mostly considered an infrasubspecific variant of the nominal taxon; confuse taxonomy)Colurella marinovi Althaus, 1957 (marine)Colurella mucronulata Ahlstrom, 1938: NEA Colurella oblonga Donner, 1943: PAL (includes the infrasubspecific variant glabra Klement, 1959 of unclear taxonomic status)Colurella obtusa (Gosse, 1886) (taxonomic status uncertain; includes the infrasubspecific variants aperta Hauer, 1936; clausa Hauer, 1936; oxicauda Carlin, 1939)

Colurus obtusus Gosse, 1886Colurella obtusa colpotum Bērziņš, 1982: AFR Colurella obtusa obtusa (Gosse, 1886): AFR, AUS, NEA, NEO, ORI, PAC, PAL Colurella paludosa Carlin, 1939: NEA, PAL Colurella psammophila Segers & Chittapun, 2001: ORI Colurella salina Althaus, 1957: ANT, AUS, PAL (marine and brackish water)Colurella sanoamuangae Chittapun, Pholpunthin & Segers, 1999: ORI Colurella sinistra Carlin, 1939: AFR, NEA, ORI, PAL Colurella sulcata (Stenroos, 1898): AFR, NEA, NEO, ORI, PAL

Metopidia sulcata Stenroos, 1898Colurella tesselata (Glascott, 1893): AFR, AUS, NEA, NEO, ORI, PAL

Colurus tesselatus Glascott, 1893Colurella uncinata (Müller, 1773)

Brachionus uncinatus Müller, 1773Colurella uncinata bicuspidata (Ehrenberg, 1832): AFR, AUS, NEA, NEO, ORI, PAL

Colurus bicuspidatus Ehrenberg, 1832Colurella uncinata deflexa (Ehrenberg, 1834): AUS, NEA, NEO, ORI, PAC, PAL

Colurus deflexus Ehrenberg, 1834Colurella uncinata ornata Fadeew, 1927: AFR, PAL Colurella uncinata uncinata (Müller, 1773): AFR, AUS, NEA, NEO, ORI, PAL


Syn.: Colurus dumnonius Gosse, 1887 Syn.: Monura micromela Gosse, 1887

Colurella unicauda Eriksen, 1968: PAL (marine and brackish water)

Conochilopsis Segers & Wallace, 20011

Conochilopsis causeyae (Vidrine, McLaughlin & Willis, 1985): AUS, NEA Lacinularia causeyae Vidrine, McLaughlin & Willis, 1985

Conochilus Ehrenberg, 1834

subgenus Conochiloides Hlava, 1904

Conochilus (Conochiloides) coenobasis (Skorikov, 1914): AFR, AUS, NEA, NEO, ORI, PAL Conochiloides coenobasis Skorikov, 1914

Conochilus (Conochiloides) deltaicus (Rudescu, 1960) (species inquirenda)Conochiloides deltaicus Rudescu, 1960

Conochilus (Conochiloides) dossuarius Hudson, 1885: AFR, AUS, NEA, NEO, ORI, PAL Conochilus (Conochiloides) exiguus Ahlstrom, 1938: NEA Conochilus (Conochiloides) natans (Seligo, 1900): AFR, AUS, NEA, NEO, ORI, PAL

Tubicularia natans Seligo, 1900

subgenus Conochilus Ehrenberg, 1834

Conochilus (Conochilus) hippocrepis (Schrank, 1803): AFR, AUS, NEA, NEO, ORI, PAL Linza hippocrepis Schrank, 1803Syn.: Conochilus volvox Ehrenberg, 1834

Conochilus (Conochilus) unicornis Rousselet, 1892: AFR, AUS, NEA, NEO, ORI, PAL Syn.: Conochilus leptopus Forbes, 1893 Syn.: Conochilus limneticus Stenroos, 1898

Syn.: Conochilus norvegicus Burckhardt, 1943 (synonym considered an infrasubspecific variant of C. uni-cornis)

Cupelopagis Forbes, 1882

Apsilus Metchnikov, 1866 non Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1830Dictyophora Leidy, 1857 non Germar, 1883

Cupelopagis vorax (Leidy, 1857): AFR, AUS, NEA, NEO, ORI, PAL Dictyophora vorax Leidy, 1857Syn.: Cupelopagis bucinedax Forbes, 1882 Syn.: Apsilus lentiformis Metchnikov, 1866

1. Segers & Wallace contains a reference as if it were published in 2000. However, the actual date of publication is January, 2001.


Cyrtonia Rousselet, 1894

Cyrtonia tuba (Ehrenberg, 1834): AFR, AUS, NEA, NEO, ORI, PAC, PAL Notommata tuba Ehrenberg, 1834

Dicranophoroides De Smet, 1997

Dicranophoroides australiensis (Koste & Shiel, 1980): AUS Dicranophorus australiensis Koste & Shiel, 1980

Dicranophoroides caudatus (Ehrenberg, 1834): AFR, AUS, NEA, NEO, ORI, PAL Diglena caudatus Ehrenberg, 1834Syn.: Diglena biraphis Gosse, 1851 Syn.: Dicranophorus caudatus braziliensis Koste, 1972

Dicranophoroides claviger (Hauer, 1965): AFR, NEO, ORI Itura claviger Hauer, 1965

Dicranophoroides venezueliensis (Pourriot & Zoppi de Roa, 1981): AFR, NEO Dicranophorus venezueliensis Pourriot & Zoppi de Roa, 1981

Dicranophorus Nitzsch, 1827

Dicranophorus alcimus Harring & Myers, 1928: NEA Dicranophorus artamus Harring & Myers, 1928: NEA, PAL

Syn.: Dicranophorus lepsii Rodewald, 1935 Dicranophorus aspondus Harring & Myers, 1928: NEA, PAL Dicranophorus biastis Harring & Myers, 1928: NEA Dicranophorus bulgaricus Althaus, 1957 (marine psammon)Dicranophorus cambari Wulfert, 1957: PAL Dicranophorus capucinus Harring & Myers, 1928: NEA, PAL

Syn.: Dicranophorus capucinoides Wiszniewski, 1932 Dicranophorus colastes Harring & Myers, 1928: NEA, PAL Dicranophorus corystis Harring & Myers, 1928: NEA, PAL Dicranophorus difflugiarum (Penard, 1914): PAL

Diglena difflugiarum Penard, 1914Dicranophorus dolerus Harring & Myers, 1928: NEA, ORI Dicranophorus edestes Harring & Myers, 1928: AFR, NEA, PAL Dicranophorus epicharis Harring & Myers, 1928: AFR, AUS, NEA, NEO, ORI, PAL Dicranophorus esox Hauer, 1938: PAL Dicranophorus facilis Kutikova, 1985: PAL (Baikal endemic)Dicranophorus facinus Harring & Myers, 1928: NEA, PAL Dicranophorus forcipatus (Müller, 1786)

Cercaria forcipata Müller, 1786Dicranophorus forcipatus forcipatus (Müller, 1786): AFR, AUS, NEA, NEO, ORI, PAL

Syn.: Notommata oculifera Zavadowski, 1926 Syn.: Dicranophorus remanei Wulfert, 1936

Dicranophorus forcipatus parvidentatus Bērziņš, 1982: AFR (Madagascar)Dicranophorus grandis (Ehrenberg, 1832): AFR, AUS, NEA, NEO, PAC, PAL


Diglena grandis Ehrenberg, 1832Dicranophorus grypus Harring & Myers, 1928: NEA Dicranophorus halbachi Koste, 1981: AFR, AUS Dicranophorus haueri Harring & Myers, 1928: NEA, PAL Dicranophorus hauerianus Wiszniewski, 1939: AUS, NEA, PAL Dicranophorus hercules Wiszniewski, 1932: AFR, AUS, NEA, NEO, PAL

Syn.: Dicranophorus hercules adenta Wulfert, 1961 Syn.: Dicranophorus hercules intermedia Wiszniewski, 1934 Syn.: Dicranophorus novemdentatus Neiswestnowa-Shadina, 1935

Dicranophorus isothes Harring & Myers, 1928: NEA, PAL Dicranophorus kostei Pourriot & Zoppi de Roa, 1981: NEO Dicranophorus lenapensis Myers, 1938: NEA Dicranophorus leptodon Wiszniewski, 1934: PAL Dicranophorus liepolti Donner, 1964: PAL Dicranophorus luetkeni (Bergendal, 1892): AFR, AUS, NEA, NEO, ORI, PAL

Arthroglena luetkeni Bergendal, 1892Dicranophorus mesotis Harring & Myers, 1928: NEA Dicranophorus minutes Myers, 1937: NEA, PAL Dicranophorus myriophylli (Harring, 1913): NEA, ORI

Encentrum myriophylli Harring, 1913Dicranophorus pauliani Bērziņš, 1982: AFR (Madagascar)Dicranophorus pennatus Harring & Myers, 1928: NEA Dicranophorus ponerus Harring & Myers, 1928: NEA, PAL Dicranophorus prionacis Harring & Myers, 1928: AFR, NEA, NEO, ORI, PAL Dicranophorus proclestes Harring & Myers, 1928: NEA, PAL Dicranophorus riparius Kutikova, 1985: PAL (Baikal endemic)Dicranophorus robustus Harring & Myers, 1928: AFR, AUS, NEA, NEO, ORI, PAL

Syn.: Dicranophorus robustus minor Bērziņš, 1949 Dicranophorus rostratus (Dixon-Nuttall & Freeman, 1902): NEA, NEO, PAL

Diglena rostrata Dixon-Nuttall & Freeman, 1902Syn.: Dicranophorus cernuus Harring & Myers, 1928

Dicranophorus saevus Harring & Myers, 1928: NEA, PAL Dicranophorus scotius Harring & Myers, 1928: NEA, PAL Dicranophorus sebastus Harring & Myers, 1928: NEA, NEO Dicranophorus secretus Donner, 1951: AFR, PAL Dicranophorus semnus Harring & Myers, 1928: NEA, PAL Dicranophorus siedleckii Wiszniewski, 1953: PAL Dicranophorus sigmoides Wulfert, 1950: PAL Dicranophorus spiculatus Myers, 1938: NEA, PAL Dicranophorus strigosus Harring & Myers, 1928: NEA, PAL Dicranophorus stultus Harring & Myers, 1928: NEA Dicranophorus tegillus Harring & Myers, 1928: NEA, ORI Dicranophorus thysanus Harring & Myers, 1928: NEA


Didymodactylos Milne, 1916

Didymodactylos carnosus Milne, 1916: AFR, AUS, PAL

Dipleuchlanis de Beauchamp, 1910

Dipleuchlanis elegans (Wierzejski, 1893): AUS, NEO, PAL Euchlanis elegans Wierzejski, 1893

Dipleuchlanis ornata Segers, 1993: AFR, AUS, ORI Dipleuchlanis propatula (Gosse, 1886): AFR, AUS, NEA, NEO, ORI, PAL

Diplois propatula Gosse, 1886

Diplois Gosse, 1886 (genus inquirendus)

Diplois daviesiae Gosse, 1886 (species inquirenda)Syn.: Diplois phlegraea Iroso, 1910

Dissotrocha Bryce, 1910

Dissotrocha aculeata (Ehrenberg, 1832) Philodina aculeata Ehrenberg, 1832

Dissotrocha aculeata aculeata (Ehrenberg, 1832): AFR, AUS, NEA, NEO, ORI, PAL Dissotrocha aculeata crystallina (Murray, 1908): PAL

Philodina aculeata crystallina Murray, 1908Dissotrocha aculeata decemcuspis Bērziņš, 1982: NEA Dissotrocha aculeata didyma Bērziņš, 1982: PAL Dissotrocha aculeata dukesi Russell, 1959: AUS Dissotrocha aculeata ecksteini Bērziņš, 1982: PAL Dissotrocha aculeata gossei Bērziņš, 1982 (No locality given)Dissotrocha aculeata hebes Bērziņš, 1982: PAL Dissotrocha aculeata inserta Bērziņš, 1982: NEO, PAL Dissotrocha aculeata markmani Bērziņš, 1982: PAL Dissotrocha aculeata medioaculeata (Janson, 1893): AFR, NEA, PAL

Philodina aculeata medioaculeata Janson, 1893Dissotrocha aculeata milnei Bērziņš, 1982: PAL Dissotrocha aculeata multicollis Bērziņš, 1982: PAL Dissotrocha aculeata multiplicans Bērziņš, 1982: PAL Dissotrocha aculeata murrayi Bērziņš, 1982: PAL Dissotrocha aculeata octobullata Hauer, 1958: PAL Dissotrocha aculeata octocollis Bērziņš, 1982: PAL Dissotrocha aculeata quadricarinata Bērziņš, 1982: PAL Dissotrocha aculeata quadrispinosa Bērziņš, 1982: PAL Dissotrocha aculeata rachis Bērziņš, 1982: PAL Dissotrocha aculeata repanda Bērziņš, 1982: PAL Dissotrocha aculeata reversa Bērziņš, 1982: PAL Dissotrocha aculeata serangodes Bērziņš, 1982: PAL


Dissotrocha aculeata simplex Bērziņš, 1982: PAL Dissotrocha bjoerki Bērziņš, 1982: NEO Dissotrocha decembullata Koste, 1996: AFR, NEO Dissotrocha guyanensis Rougier & Pourriot, 2006: NEO Dissotrocha hertzogi Hauer, 1939 Dissotrocha kostei Segers, 2007

Syn.: Dissotrocha hertzogi aculeata Koste, 1996 Dissotrocha macrostyla (Ehrenberg, 1838)

Philodina macrostyla Ehrenberg, 1838Dissotrocha macrostyla macrostyla (Ehrenberg, 1838): AFR, AUS, NEA, NEO, ORI, PAL

Syn.: Philodina pannosa Bailey, 1851 Dissotrocha macrostyla tuberculata (Gosse, 1886): AUS, NEA, NEO, PAL

Philodina macrostyla tuberculata Gosse, 1886Dissotrocha pectinata Murray, 1911: AFR Dissotrocha schlienzi Hauer, 1956: NEO Dissotrocha scutellata Bartoš, 1950: PAL Dissotrocha spinosa (Bryce, 1892): AFR, PAL

Callidina spinosa Bryce, 1892

Donneria De Smet, 2003

Donneria sudzukii (Donner, 1968): NEA, PAL Paradicranophorus sudzukii Donner, 1968

Dorria Myers, 1933

Dorria dalecarlica Myers, 1933: AUS, NEA, PAC

Dorystoma Harring & Myers, 1922

Dorystoma caudata (Bilfinger, 1894): AUS, NEA, PAL Proales caudata Bilfinger, 1894

Dorystoma furcata Wulfer

zootaxa - vliz · adapted parasitic representatives of the group (mark welch, 2000; see also...

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