DEPARTMENT OF ZOOLOGY

U.G. PROGRAMME

SYLLABUS 2018 – 2021 Batch

II SEMESTER

A. D. M. COLLEGE FOR WOMEN NAGAPATTINAM

RLTB

SEMESTER II

CORE COURSE – II

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LEB

A.D.M. COLLEGE FOR WOMEN (AUTONOMOUS), NAGAPATTINAM DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH

SEMESTER-II CATEGORY – PART II- ENGLISH PAPER-II POETRY FOR EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION

(For candidates admitted from the academic year 2016-17 onwards)

SEMESTER II ELC II – POETRY FOR EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION

Objectives:

To make learners to be aware of the various elements of poetry.

To make them appreciate the poem.

Text prescribed:

I Tranquil Reflections

-Edited by Dr.A.Santhanalakshmi & Mrs.V.Kannaki, etal.

II Spoken Language Component

(Materials Prepared by the Department of English)

Unit – I

1. Christina Rossetti - “Goblin Market” 2. Edith Sitwell - "A Mother to her dead child”

Unit – II

3. Emily Dickens - “Hope” 4. Sylvia Plath - “Mirror”

Unit – III

5. Toru Dutt - “The Lotus” 6. Sarojini Naidu - “The Soul’s Prayer”

Unit – IV

7. Kamala Das - “ My Grandmother’s House” 8. Lakshmi Kannan - “She”

Unit – V

9. Meena Kandasamy -“Touch”

10. Meena Alexandar - “Muse”

11. Spoken Language Component- Syllable Division

Pattern of Evaluation

CIA – 25 Marks (Passing minimum of 40%)

Test (Written) – 10 Marks

Assignment & Group Discussion - 5 Marks

Written Quiz & Seminar - 5 Marks

Attendance - 5 Marks

SEMESTER – 75 Marks

Total Marks – 100 Marks (Passing minimum of 40%)

Question Pattern:

Section A - 20 Marks

Short answer questions (10x2=20 Marks)

Section B – 25 Marks

Paragraph Questions (5x4=20 Marks)

Answer all the Paragraph questions either or pattern (A question should be asked from

each unit)

Spoken English Component 10 x ½ =5 Marks

Section C –

Essay Questions (3x10=30 Marks)

Answer any 3 Questions. (One Essay should be asked from each Unit)

UZBY A.D.M.COLLEGE FOR WOMEN (AUTONOMOUS), NAGAPATTINAM

SEMESTER II CORE COURSE II

FAUNAL DIVERSITY – INVERTEBRATA & CHORDATA – PRACTICAL II

Int-40 Inst hrs: 3

Ext-60 Credit: 3

Objectives: To demonstrate the internal anatomy of Invertebrate and vertebrate animals To study about the various characteristic features and adaptations of Invertebrates and vertebrate animals. To mount the important parts of Invertebrate animals.

FAUNAL DIVERSITY - INVERTEBRATA

DISSECTIONS 1. Earthworm: Nervous system 2. Lamellidens: Digestive system 3. Pila: Digestive and Reproductive system 4. Prawn : Nerovous system MOUNTING

1. Earthworm: Body setae 2. Prawn: Appendages 3. Mouth parts of Mosquito, Honey Bee and House Fly. 4. Pila: Radula

SPOTTERS 1. Classify Giving Reason. Paramaecium, Plasmodium, Sycon, Obelia, Metridium, Taenia, Ascaris (Male & Female), Nereis, Megascolex, Penaeus, Periplaneta, Pila, Lamellidens, Asterias. 2. Draw labeled sketch T.S.of Planaria, T.S. of Fasciola hepatica, T.S of Taenia solium, T.S of Ascaris (Male & Female) & T.S of Nereis. 3. Biological significance Paramaecium – Binary fission, Conjugation, Gemmule of sponge, Ephyra larva of Aurelia, Physalia, Obelia-medusa, Wuchereria bancrofti, Enterobius vermicularis, Heteronereis, Nauplius larva, Zoea larva, Megalopa larva, Limulus, Chiton, Sepia, Bipinnaria. 4. Relate structure and function Sponge Spicules, Tape worm- Scolex, Nereis- Parapodium, , Pila - Radula, Starfish Pedicellari, Seaurchin - Airstotle’s lantern. 5. Write notes on adaptation Madrepora, Gorgonia, Favea, Fungia, Arenicola, Chaetopterus, Cyclops, Lepas, Hippa, Murex, Octopus, Cuttle bone of sepia, Mytilus, Sea Urchin.

FAUNAL DIVERSITY - CHORDATA Dissection Shark: Mounting of placoid scales Fish - Digestive system Spotters a)Classify giving reasons:Balanoglossus,Shark,Ranahexadactyla,Hyla,Bufo

Calotes versicolar,Hemidactylus brooki,Varanus monitor,Chelone mydas Pigeon, Rabbit

b)Biological significance Amphioxus,Tornaria larva of Balanoglossus,Ascidian,Narcine Axolotyl larva,Draco volans,Bat

c) Write notes on Gambusia affinis,Hippocampus,Anabas scandans,Periophthalmus Ophiocephalus,Alytes,Naja naja,Viper,King fisher

d)Relate structure and function Echeneis,Exocoetus,Poison apparatus of Cobra,Quill feather of bird Dentition in Rabbit,Dentition in man,Bat

e)Draw labeled Diagram T.S. of Amphioxus,Endoskeleton of Frog: Skull, Pectoral, Pelvic girdle, Fore limbs and hind limbs.

A record of lab work should be maintained and submitted at the time of practical

examination for valuation.

UZC

A.D.M.COLLEGE FOR WOMEN (AUTONOMOUS), NAGAPATTINAM SEMESTER II

CORE COURSE III FAUNAL DIVERSITY (CHORDATA)

Int-25 Inst hrs: 6

Ext-75 Credit-5

Objectives: To impart current knowledge about the chordate animals of biological interest.

To know about the Origin ,systematic and functional morphology of various groups of chordates. To study the salient features, affinities and adaptations of chordates. General characters and classification up to classes with suitable examples of biological interest.

UNIT-I 18 Hours

Prochordates and cyclostomes 1. Origin of Chordates 2. Protochordata - Distinctive features and affinities of Amphioxus, Balanoglossus and Ascidian. 1.General Topic: Retrogressive metamorphosis in Ascidian. 3. Cyclostomata - Distinctive features and affinities UNIT-II 18 Hours Fishes and Amphibians Gnathostomata- Detailed study of Scoliodon(shark) General Topic 1.Dipnoi and its affinities 2. Accessory respiratory organs in fishes.

3.Adaptive features of Apoda. 4.Parental care in Amphibia.

UNIT-III 18 Hours Reptiles and Birds Detailed study of Calotes and Pigeon

1.Identification and distribution of poisonous and non- poisonous snakes of India. Poison apparatus and biting mechanism, Venom and Antivenom 2.Migration of Birds.

UNIT-IV 18 Hours Mammals Detailed study of Rabbit.

1.Dentition in Mammal. 2.Aquatic mammals and their adaptations. 3.Prototheria special features with examples.

UNIT-V 18 Hours Comparative Anatomy 1.Comparative study of Heart and Brain in Shark, Frog, Calotes, Pigeon and Rabbit.

2. Endoskeleton of Frog.

TEXT BOOK 1.AYYAR E.M and ANANTHAKRISHNAN .T.N ,1992. Manual of zoology ,Vo.II(chordata), Viswanathan .S (Printers and Publishers ), Pvt., Ltd., Madras 981pp.

2.DHAMI, D.S and . DHAMI J.K. 1978. Chordate Zoology Chand .R & Co

3. DR.THANGAMANI .A, DR.PRASANNAKUMAR.S, DR.NARAYANNAN .L.M, DR.ARUMUGAM. N, 9 th Revised Edition. Saras Publication. REFERENCE: 1. JORDON, E.L and VERMA .P.S. 1955. Chordate Zoology and Elements of Animal Physiology., S.Chand & Co. 2. KOPTAL , R.L(1997) Modern Text Book of Zoology Vertebrates, Rastogi Publications Meerut, India. 3. MAJUPURIA T.C., 1978. Introduction to Chordates, Pradeep Publications, Jullundur. 4. PARKER and HASEWELL .1964.Text book of zoology Vol.II (Chordata), A.Z.T.B.S Publishers and distributiors , New Delhi 110051m 952 pp.

UWA2Y

A.D.M.COLLEGE FOR WOMEN NAGAPATTINAM

(Autonomous)

CHOICE BASED CREDIT SYSTEM

(2018 - 2019) ONWARDS

DEPARTMENT OF BOTANY

AC II - ALLIED BOTANY - II (PRACTICAL)

(One Allied practical for subjects included in Allied Botany – Paper I & III)

SYLLABUS

Internal : 40 Instruction : 3

External : 60 Credit : 3

In Practical, candidates are expected

a. To describe in technical terms, plants belonging to any one of the families

prescribed and identify the family.

b. To make dissection of the flower and construct floral diagram and floral formula.

c. To make transverse section, description and identification of Angiosperms and

suitable micropreparations, description and identification of Pteridophytes and

Gymnosperms included in the syllabus.

d. To describe simple experimental set-up. (Plant Physiology).

e. To give critical comments (Medicinal Plants, Ecology and Horticulture).

f. To identify and give reasons (Algae, Fungi, Bryophytes, Tissues and

Embryology).

g. To submit a record of work done by the candidates, during the course of study in

practical classes, duly certified and bonafide.

A.D.M.COLLEGE FOR WOMEN NAGAPATTINAM

(Autonomous)

CHOICE BASED CREDIT SYSTEM (2018 - 2019) ONWARDS

DEPARTMENT OF BOTANY

ALLIED BOTANY - II (PRACTICAL)

KEY

A) Annonaceae, Leguminosae (Fabaceae, Caesalpiniaceae and Mimosaceae)

B) Rubiaceae, Lamiaceae, Euphorbiaceae and Poaceae

C) Fabaceae, Rubiaceae, Lamiaceae and Euphorbiaceae

D) Dicot stem [Cicer arietinum]

Monocot stem [Cynodon dactylon]

Dicot Root [Cicer arietinum]

Monocot Root [Canna indica]

E) Lycopodium – Stem, Root and Cone

F) Cycas – Corolloid Root, Rachis and Leaflet

G) Photosynthesis : Test tube funnel experiment

Mohl’s half leaf experiment

Ganong’s light screen experiment

Respiration : Ganong’s Respiroscope

Apparatus set to prove Anaerobic Respiration.

H) Centella asiatica Eclipta Prostrata Solanum trilobatum Aloe vera

Cynodon dactylon I) Opuntia – Entire and Nerium Leaf T.S

Hydrilla - Entire and Nelumbium Petiole T.S

Mangroves (Vivipary and Pneumatophore)

J) Auxins, Gibberellins and Grafting methods

K) Algae

L) Fungi

M) Bryophytes

N) Tissues & Embryology.

A.D.M.COLLEGE FOR WOMEN NAGAPATTINAM (Autonomous)

B.Sc., DEGREE EXAMINATION (2018-2019) ONWARDS

SCHEME FOR SETTING PRACTICAL QUESTION PAPER

I - B.Sc., ZOOLOGY ALLIED BOTANY – II (PRACTICAL)

Time : 3 hours Maximum Marks : 60

1. Description and dissection:

Refer specimens ‘A’ and ‘B’ to their respective families giving reasons. Identification – 1 mark, Reasons – 2 marks, 1+2=3X2 6 marks

Draw a labelled median longitudinal section MLS of the flower ‘C’ and construct its floral diagram and write the floral formula

M.L.S – 3 marks, F.D – 2 marks, FF – 1 mark. 6 marks 2. Transverse section and Micropreparations. Make transverse section of the given material ‘D’ and suitable micropreparations

of E and F. Stain and mount in glycerine. Draw labelled diagram and identify giving reasons. Submit the slide for valuation.

Identification – 1 mark, T.S – 3 marks

Diagram – 1mark, Reasons – 1mark 3X6 18 marks

3. Critically comment on G

G – A simple experimental set up in plant physiology. 3 marks

4. Comment on H, I and J

Medicinal plants, Ecology and Horticulture 3X3 9 marks

5. Identification - K, L, M and N

Algae, Fungi, Bryophytes, Tissues & Embryology 4X2 8 marks

6. Record Note Book 10 marks

Total 60 marks

A.D.M.COLLEGE FOR WOMEN NAGAPATTINAM

(Autonomous) B.Sc., DEGREE EXAMINATION (2018-2019) ONWARDS

I – B.Sc., Zoology

ALLIED BOTANY - II (PRACTICAL)

Model Question Paper

Time : 3 hours Maximum Marks : 60

1. Refer specimens ‘A’ and ‘B’ to their respective families giving reasons.

Identification – 1 mark, Reasons – 2 marks, 1+2=2X3 6 marks

2. Draw a labelled median longitudinal section MLS of the flower ‘C’ and construct its floral diagram and write the floral formula

M.L.S – 3 marks, F.D – 2 marks, FF – 1 mark. 6 marks

3. Make transverse section of the given material ‘D’ and suitable micropreparations

of E and F. Stain and mount in glycerine. Draw labelled diagram and identify giving reasons. Submit the slide for valuation. Identification – 1 mark, T.S – 3 marks Diagram – 1mark, Reasons – 1mark 3X6 18 marks

4. Critically comment on G 3 marks

5. Comment on H, I and J 3X3 9 marks

6. Identification - K, L, M and N Draw diagrams and give reasons Identification – ½ mark Diagram – ½ mark Reasons – 1mark 4X2 8 marks

7. Record Note Book 10 marks

Total 60 marks

RUWA3 A.D.M.COLLEGE FOR WOMEN (AUTONOMOUS) NAGAPATTINAM

DEPARTMENT OF BOTANY

ALLIED COURSE III – B. Sc., ZOOLOGY (2018 - 2019)

II – SEMESTER BOTANY PAPER - III

Internal Marks : 25 Instruction Hrs : 4

External Marks : 75 Exam Hrs : 3

Total Marks : 100 Credits : 3

OBJECTIVE : To enable the students to understand the principles of

Taxonomy, Cytology, Plant Physiology, Herbal Medicine and

Horticulture of Plant diversity

UNIT – I : TAXONOMY

A) General outline of Bentham and Hooker’s system of classification.

B) Study of the following families with their Economic importance

• Annonaceae

• Leguminosae(Fabaceae,Caesalpiniaceae and Mimosaceae)

• Rubiaceae

• Lamiaceae

• Euphorbiaceae

• Poaceae

UNIT – II : CYTOLOGY AND ANATOMY

Cell – Structure – Organelles (Chloroplast, Mitochondria and

Nucleus).

Tissue – Simple permanent tissues (Parenchyma, Collenchyma,

Sclerenchyma - fibres and Sclereids).

Complex Permanent tissues – Xylem and Phloem.

Primary structure of root and stem (Dicot and Monocot).

Normal Secondary thickening of Dicot stem.

UNIT – III : PLANT PHYSIOLOGY

Introduction - Osmosis, Imbibitions and Plasmolysis

Plant Nutrition - Role of Macro and Micronutrients.

Photosynthesis - Light Reactions (Cyclic and Non cyclic)

Dark Reactions (Calvin cycle).

Respiration - Aerobic Respiration (Glycolysis and Kreb’s cycle)

Anaerobic Respiration (Fermentation) Nitrogen cycle.

UNIT – IV : HERBAL MEDICINE

Importance of following Medicinal plants

Centella asiatica

Eclipta prostrata

Solanum trilobatum

Aloe vera

Cynodon dactylon

UNIT – V : HORTICULTURE

Role of growth Hormones (IAA and Gibberellins).

Preparation of Organic Manure – Compost.

Horticultural Practices – Grafting Methods (Cutting, Layering

and Budding).

Nursery Techniques – Field, Container, Polybag and Tray

nurseries.

Floriculture – Production of cut flowers.

Cultivation practices and propagation - Roses.

BOOKS FOR REFERENCE

1. Agarwal, O.P., (1985). Chemistry of organic – natural products. Vol. II.

2. Gamble, J.S. and Fisher, (1921), Flora of the Presidency of Madras Volumes I, II, III.

3. Mathew, K.M., (1988). Flora of the Tamilnadu and Carnatic.

4. Nair, N.C. and Henry, A.N.,

(1983). Flora of Tamil Nadu, India, Botanical Survey of India.

5. Chopra, R.N., Nagar, S.L. and Chopra, I.C., (1956). Glossary of Indian Medicinal Plants.

6. Chopra, R.N., Chopra, I.C., Handa, K.L. and Kapur, L.D., (1994). Indigenous drugs of

India.

7. Chopra, R.N., Badhuvar, R.L. and Gosh, G., (1965). Poisonous plants of India.

8. Dubey, R.C. and Maheswari, D.K., (2003). A text book of Microbiology. S.Chand and

Campus, New Delhi.

9. Kumaresan, V., (2001).Biotechnology Saras Publication, Nagarcoil.

10. Ratledge and Kristenson, (2001). Basic Biotechnology, Oxford University Press.

11. Text Book of Horticulture – K.Manibushan Rao (1991) McMillan.

12. Introduction to Horticulture – N.Kumar (1986) Rajalakshmi Publishers.

13. D.H.Franker and J.G.Hawkes, Crop genetic resources for today and tomorrow Cambridge

University, Press London.

14. Fuller, H.j. & Tippo , O.1949 .College Botany Henry, Holt & Com .

15. Gangully , A.K General Botany , The New Book Stall ,Calcutta Vol.1 7th Edn .(1971)

Vol.II Edn.1975.

16. K.N.Rao , K.Krishnamurthy and G.S Rao 1979 , Ancillary Botany , S. Visvanathan .

17. Nathwat , G.S.P.D . Sharma and R.K Sabni 1977 , A text book of Botany , Ramesh Book

Depot ,Jaipur

A.D.M.COLLEGE FOR WOMEN NAGAPATTINAM

(Autonomous)

CHOICE BASED CREDIT SYSTEM (2018 - 2019) ONWARDS

DEPARTMENT OF BOTANY

SEMESTER –I & II

ALLIED COURSE - I & III

ALLIED BOTANY – I & III

Pattern of Evaluation for Theory

External Examination - 75 marks (3 hrs)

Part A:- Ten 2 marks Questions. One or Two sentences – answers.

Two questions from each unit. 10X20 20 marks Part B:- 5 short answer questions. Either or Pattern. Two questions from each unit. 5X5 25 marks Part C:- 3 Essay type question. 3 out of 5 question 1question from each unit 3X10 30 marks Total 75 marks

Continuous Internal Assessment (CIA 25 marks)

Assignment/Group Activity = 5 marks Quiz/Seminar = 3 marks Attendance (Above 65% = 2 marks 50% to 64% = 1 Mark = 2 marks 2 Tests (Midterm and Model Average) = 15 marks

Total 25 marks

A.D.M.COLLEGE FOR WOMEN (Autonomous), NAGAPATTINAM

CHOICE BASED CREDIT SYSTEM (2018 - 2019) ONWARDS

DEPARTMENT OF BOTANY

SEMESTER –I & II

ALLIED COURSE - II

ALLIED BOTANY – II (Practical)

Pattern of Evaluation for Practical

External Examination - 60 marks (3 hrs)

Description and Dissection 12 marks

Transverse section and Micro Preparations 18 marks

Critical comments 3 marks

Comments 9 marks

Identification 8 marks

Record Note Book 10 marks

Total 60 marks

Continuous Internal Assessment (CIA) = 40 marks

Practical skill 10 marks

Submission of Records 5 marks

Attendance 5 marks

Mid Semester Practical Examination 10 marks

Model Practical Examination 10 marks

Total 40 marks

ES II SEMESTER

ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES

Internal Marks: 25 Instruction Hrs : 2

External Marks: 75 Credit : 2

Total Marks : 100 Exam Hrs : 3

Unit: 1 The Multidisciplinary nature of environmental studies Definition, scope and importance.

Need for public awareness. (2 Hours)

Unit: 2 Natural Resources:

Renewable and non-renewable resources: Natural resources and associated problems.

a) Forest resources: use and over-exploitation, deforestation, case studies. Timber extraction, mining, dams

and their effects on forests and tribal people.

b) Water resources: Use and over-utilization of surface and ground water, floods, drought, conflicts over

water, dams benefits and problems.

c) Mineral resources: Use and exploitation, environmental effects of extracting and using mineral

resources, case studies.

d) Food resources: World food problems, changes caused by agriculture and overgrazing, effects of

modern agriculture, fertilizer-pesticide problems, water logging, salinity, case studies.

e) Energy resources: Growing energy needs, renewable and non renewable energy sources, use of alternate

energy sources. Case studies.

f) Land resources: Land as a resources, land degradation, man induced Landslides, soil erosion and

desertification. Role of an individual in conservation of natural resources. Equitable use of resources for

sustainable lifestyles. (8 Hours)

Unit: 3 Ecosystems

Concept of an ecosystem.

Structure and function of an ecosystem.

Producers, consumers and decomposers

Energy flow in the ecosystem

Ecological succession.

Food chains, food webs and ecological pyramids

Introduction, types, characteristic features, structure and function of the following

ecosystem:-

a. Forest ecosystem

b. Grassland ecosystem

c. Desert ecosystem

d. Aquatic ecosystems, (ponds, streams, lakes, rivers, oceans, estuaries)

Unit: 4 Biodiversity and its conservation

Introduction – Definition : Genetic, species and ecosystem diversity Biogeographical classification of India

Value of biodiversity : consumptive use, productive use, social, ethical, aesthetic and option values

Biodiversity at global, National and local levels India as a mega-diversity nation Hot-spots of biodiversity

Threats to biodiversity : habitat loss, poaching of wildlife, man-wildlife conflicts.

Endangered and endemic species of India Conservation of biodiversity: In-situ and Ex-situ conservation of

biodiversity.

(8 Hours)

Unit: 5 Environmental Pollution

Definition Causes, effects and control measures of :

a. Air Pollution

b. Water Pollution

c. Soil Pollution

d. Marine Pollution

e. Noise pollution

f. Thermal Pollution

g. Nuclear hazards

Solid waste Management: Causes, effects and control measures of urban and industrial wastes.

Role of an individual in prevention of pollution Pollution case studies Disaster management: floods,

earthquake, cyclone and landslides. Ill-Effects of Fireworks: Firework and Celebrations, Health Hazards,

Types of Fire, Firework and Safety (8 Hours)

Unit: 6 Social Issues and the Environment

From Unsustainable to Sustainable development. Urban problems related to energy.

Water conservation, rain water harvesting, watershed management.

Resettlement and rehabilitation of people; its problems and concerns.

Case studies Environmental ethics: Issues and possible solutions.

Climate change, global warming, acid rain, ozone layer depletion, nuclear accidents and holocaust. Case studies. Wasteland reclamation.

Consumerism and waste products. Environment Protection Act.

Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act.

Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act.

Wildlife Protection Act. Forest Conservation Act.

Issues involved in enforcement of environmental legislation Public awareness. (7 Hours)

Unit: 7 Human Population and the Environment

Population growth, variation among nations.

Population explosion – Family Welfare Programmes

Environment and human health

Human Rights - Value Education

HIV/ AIDS - Women and Child Welfare

Role of Information Technology in Environment and human health Case studies.

Unit: 8 Field Work

Visit to a local area to document environmental assets-river / forest/ grassland/ hill / Mountain.

References:

1. Agarwal, K.C. 2001 Environmental Biology, Nidi Public Ltd Bikaner. 2. Bharucha Erach, The Biodiversity of India, Mapin Publishing Pvt ltd, Ahamedabad – 380013, India, E-mail: mapin@icenet.net(R) 3. Brunner R.C. 1989, Hazardous Waste Incineration, McGraw Hill Inc 480 p 4. Clark R.S. Marine Pollution, Clanderson Press Oxford (TB) 5. Cunningham, W.P.Cooper, T.H.Gorhani E & Hepworth, M.T. 2001. 6. De A.K. Environmental Chemistry, Wiley Eastern Ltd 7. Down to Earth, Centre for Science and Environment (R) 8. Gleick, H.P. 1993. Water in crisis, Pacific Institute for Studies in Dev., Environment & Security. Stockholm Env. Institute Oxford University, Press 473p. 9. Hawkins, R.E. Encyclopedia of India Natural History, Bombay Natural History Society, Bombay (R) 10. Heywood, V.H & Watson, R.T. 1995. Global Biodiversity Assessment. Cambridge University Press 1140 p. 11. Jadhav, H & Bhosale, V.M. 1995. Environmental Protection and Laws Himalaya Pub. House, Delhi 284 p. 12. Mckinney, M.L. & Schoch R.M. 1996. Environmental Science systems & Solutions, Web enhanced edition 639 p. 13. Mhaskar A.K. Matter Hazardous, Techno-Science Publications (TB) 14. Miller T.G. Jr. Environmental Science, Wadsworth Publishing Co. (TB) 15. Odum, E.P. 1971 Fundamentals of Ecology. W.B. Saunders Co. USA. 574 p 16. Rao MN & Datta, A.K. 1987 Waste Water treatment, Oxford & IBH Publication Co. Pvt Ltd 345 p. 17. Sharma B.K. 2001 Environmental chemistry Goel Publ House, Meerut. 18. Survey of the Environment, The Hindu (M ). 19. Townsend C. Harper, J and Michael Begon, Essentials of Ecology, Blackwell science (TB) 20. Trivedi R.K. Handbook of Environmental Laws, Rules, Guidelines, Compliances and Standards, Vol. I and II, Enviro Media (R). 21. Trivedi R.K. and P.K. Goel, Introduction to air pollution, Techno-Science Publications (TB). 22. Wagner K.D. 1998 Environmental Management. W.B. Saunders Co. Philadelphia USA 499 p (M) Magazine (R) Reference (TB) Textbook.