zoo animal management[1]

8/14/2019 Zoo Animal Management[1]

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ANIMAL MANAGEMENT , Volume 1 ,

NATIONAL EXTENTION COLLEGE CAMBRIDGE

A course for people who look after animals in zoos,wildlife parks, wildlife collections, dolphinaria and

aquaria.

. ..


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1 2537 .. 6 1 2537 2 . . 10 3 2547 . 12 2548

. ANIMAL MANAGEMENT 129

1980 .. 2533 14

1

1 .. 6 12 2548


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1 4

2 12 3 24

4 32 5 4 42

6 61 7 74

8 101 9 113

10 124


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ZOO ANIMAL MANAGEMENT

1

- - - -


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2 1. 2.

Q

A

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-

( ) Giraffe Giraffe camelopardalis Giraffe camelopardalis (

) ( scientific name ) bison ( )

bison 2 ( Bison bison) ( Bison bonasus)

( Scientific name ) Homo sapiens

Q . 2

( )1. 2 2.


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3. Homo Ursus genus ( ) Ursus ( bear ) ( )

- -

2 (

)

A

()


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- 1 Woodstock Tower of London- The Great Park of Schonbrunn .1752 - Carl Linnaeus Sweden

( ) keeper (

zoo keeper ) keeper to observe ( ) curator ( bird curator ) curate

- 2000

- 15 - The Zoological Society of London ..


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- Zoological Society garden - . 1847 (The London Zoological Garden) - 100 50

( )

: - 3000 - 2900 1000 - () 974

- 300 - 285

1

- 2 . 1200 Tower of London - . 1752 . 1793

- . 1826 ( ) .

1845 - .1871


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- Whipsnade . 1931- (safari park) Lions of Longleat

. 1966- (aquarium) Blackpool . 1874

cotswolds . 1975

( time chart ) ( neat book )

A 150

( )

200 150


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20

A 1.

2.

3.

1. 2.3.


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2

- - - :


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3


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-

- - - -

- 4

( )


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( )


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- -

-

- .3

Q

1.2. 3.

4. 5. 6.


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6

-

- - - -

A ( )


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Q

1. ()

2. 3. 4.

( visitor )


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A

1. 2. 3.

Q

- -

- - -


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- -

- - - - - -

1 2


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.


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3000

70 80

1. 2. 3.


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()


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A

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- -


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- -

- - - - - -

- 200,000 - ?

- 90,000 36

- ..35,000 14- ..35,000 14- - ..20,000 8- 65,000 26 %- . 5,000 2 %

250,000 100

1.2. 3 3.


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4. 200,000 5.( Zoo Keeper )

( )

1. 2. 3.


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4

1. 2.

3. 4.

( ) 1. 2. 3. 4.

- - - - -

( )


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1. 2. 3. 4.

Q ( )

1.2.3.4.

Q( )

( )


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**

( )

______________________________________________________

(neat book )


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1. 2.

1.

notebook

( )


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1 2 3 4


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4

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______________________________________________________

Q ( )

______________________________________________________

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Q ( )

______________________________________________________

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A 2 ( )

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( )


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1.

2.

..

- - - .. - . 2 ..- 5

-

______________________________________________________


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A 5

- -

- - - - - - - -

1.


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2.

2.band1 n. a flat, thin strip or loop of material used as a fastener, for, reinforcement, or as decoration.A belt or strap transmitting motion between two wheels or pulleys. N. Amer. Ornithology a ring of

metal placed round a birds leg to identify3. (wing tag) pinnipeds cetaceans

(3..Tag a small piece or part that is attached to a main body .,a ragged lock of wool on a sheep .,thetip of an animals tail when it is distinctively coloured ., a loose or spare end of something ;aleftover., a metal or plastic point at the end of a shoelace.)4.

.Notch n. an indentation on incision on an edge or surface. Each of a series of holes for the tongue

of a buckle. A nick made on something to keep a record., a point or degree in a scale.5.(5.Brand n. an identifying mark burned on livestock with a branding iron.)


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Family

.

2 1 ( master card ) 2 r -

- 1 -


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- 1. 2. 3.4. 5.6..

- 1.2. 3. 4. 5.

6.. 7..

Q

( )1..2. 3.


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4. 5. 6.7.1. 2.

Q

- 4 -

1.2. 3.


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5 - - - - -


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3

A

( )

- - - - - - - - - - - - ( )


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- - - - - -

- -

A (

)

-


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-

- - -

( zoo animal exhibit )

A

1. 2.

3.


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4. 5. 6. 7.

7

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

7 2 7 7


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( Enclosure barrier )

Q

( )

1. (Fence )

2. ( Moat)

)


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3. ( Bars ) ( )

- - - - 4. ( Glass)-

- - ( )

- 45

-

-

A. 6


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2. 3. 4 (Neat book)

( )


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( )


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-

( EXHIBIT DESIGN PROJECT)1.


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- - 7.5 - - 8 8.1 - ( )

- - - 8.2 8.3 8.4

8.5 - - - - - 8.6 (

)8.7 8.8 8.9 9 -


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- - - - 10. - - - - - - - -

( )


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1. (fore ground )2. ( middle ground )3. ( rear ground )

( barrier )

1. (fore ground )

( ) (Landscape immersion visual integration )

2. ( middle ground )

3. ( rear ground )

zoo design self-guide tour san Francisco zoological garden


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- -

1.

2. ( ) 3. ( ) 4.. ( )

5.


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( )-

( tropical wetland )

- ( sanitation )

- ( animal welfare )

-


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( )

10


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- - - - biological filter -

-

1.2.3 .4 .5 . 6 .1.

1.1 - - 1.2.


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- 1.3 .- - - chute1.4.-

- - -

1.- - -

1.2. 3. 4.


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- - - -

- - -

- -


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6

- -

- - -


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5 5

Q 2

1 2.

3.

2 ( organic ) ( inorganic )- organic ( () - inorganic ( )


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1.2.

A

1.

2. 3.

- - - -


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- -

- - - -

- - -

1. 2. - 2.1

2.2 ( Herbaceous plant ) browser ( 2 - ) 3 .


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4 . 5. 6. 7.

A

3 2 4

(23 ) ( 5,4,6 )


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1. 2. 3.4.

1.2. 3.

( )


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( Food supplement )

3

( )

Q (

)

- - - ( )- - ( )


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6.. 7... ( ) 8.. 9. 10.

11. 12.


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4 ( Dry ) ( Age ), ( Rodent ), ( Turn over )1. ( Dry )

2. ( Age ) 3. ( Rodent )

4. (Turnover )

-

-

- -


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- - - - - - - - - - - - -

- -

-

-

- ( incisor ) - ( Canine ) - ( Molar )


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- ( alimentary canal)

- - - ( amino acid )- 22

10 12

-

- 12 6

-

micro- organism - - 3

1.British Thermal Unit 2. ( Joul ) 1 ( kilojule, kj ) 1000

3. calories ( ) 1000 ( carolies ) 1 ( kilocalories ) ( joul ) 4.2 ( kj ) 1 - 1 10 - 1 3.6 - 1 4


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- 1. 2.3. 4. 5. ( )-

- 2 1. 2. -


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7

- - - - - - -


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1. 12-20 2. ( ) ( ) 3. 4. 5.

0

10

20

30

40

50

60


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79 O - - - - - - -

-

- - - -


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6 ( ) 1. 2.. 3..

4.. O 1..

2..3..4.


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3 3

1 - 1

4 4 2- 3

-Molar carnassials teeth( )-

3-3

1- 1

4 3

4 3

3 3

1 1

4 3 4 3 (

enamel )

3-

1

3 3

3

carnassial adj. Zoology denoting the large upper premolar and lower molar teeth of a carnivore,adapted for shearing flesh.


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( ) ( )

. .

.


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1.1 . 4 2 59 % 25% 14-25 % 3 1.2 1 ()1.3 2.

2.1. 1 2 45 % 23 % 14-23 %


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2.2 1 1 1 2.3 1 2 45 % 7 % 23 % 25 %

3.

3.1. - 1 - 2 30% 10 % 60 %agouti 1 4. ( Omnivorus ) 2-3-4 6


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omni ( all )

4.1. - 1 40 % 20 % 2 25 % ( ) 75 %4.2 . - 1 - 2 ZF 6 ( ) 50 % 40 % 10 %4.3. macaque - 20 % ( ) 80 %- (marmoset ) ( tarmarin ) (squirrel monkey )- 1 - 2 25 % 25 % ( raw chopped meat )25 % 25 %5. -

carnivore


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5.1 ( ) ( )5.2 75

25 ( ) ZF 6 ( ) 75 5.3 5.4 ( ) ZF 645 8 35 % 12 %


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6.

6 6

. ( gizzard )

50 20 20 10 - - . . . 2 1.. 2.. .


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2

1. 2.. . mice 3 . 4.


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kj/100

5.2 4.7 4.6 4.1 6.9 332 1.7 6.8 227 10.5 4.1 714

17.5 1.4 1117 44.0 0.8 1953

( )

( )

1. 2. 3.


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4. tree shrew 5..

( ruminant )

1.2. 3.

4. 5. 6.

Q

-


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-

- -

( )

( )


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- 4 - - - ()

-

( neat book ) 1 DART dry age rodent - turnover2 3.

4. - - -

1.2.


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3.4.

1.2.3. ( )4.5.6.

MERK 5 ( Aquatic Bird )-.. ( pelican ) smelt, capelin, herring, mackerel, whiting

- ( )- 2 - - 0.5-1.0 //- ( polyunsaturated fatty acid )

(molting ) ( corn oil ) 2-3 / /- 3 250-500 IU/ - - Trout 4 + + + + ( carotenoid )- ( Duck )


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( diving duck ) - parrot (sunflower ) ( safflower ) ( millet ) ( peanut ) + + + -. -. 15-30 % 0.18-1.5% 0.29-1.06 %-. -. -. 10-15 % - . ( vulture ), ( falcon ), hawks , ( owl ), ( eagle ) , kite, 5 - . Piscivorus, Blade eagle, Sea eagle, - Kestrel - 30 1

- . 55-60 % 40-50.0 %- 25 % 4 % -


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( Ratite birds )- 20-24 % 12-19 % 1.2-2.0 % 0.6-1.1 % 2.8 %- . - - (

( 9 - )- - large frugivoremixture -

-. - . - -

- ( ungulate ) - ( milk dog replacer ) (canid )

procynid, (bear), , edentata, , ,- milk cat replacer- . soy base human milk replacer


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- . ( ungulate ) 24 -. - . - . - .

- . 2-4 210* BW 0.75 Kcal ( BW = )- . - . 2

40 % 40 % 20 %- .- - -

-. -

45-50 % 30-35 % 3-4 % 1.2-1.5 1-1.2 % 20K 40K IU - ( carotene ) ( tryptophan ) ( linolenic )


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( arachidonic acid ) ( taurine ) - ( ) 2 ( ) mice rat- - - .

Fox Coyote - Mustelidae ( weasels, martens, skunk, otter ) Viverids ( ) ( canned cat food, ) ( frozenfeline diet ) - mice - . ferret

- . procyonids ( ) - commercialcarnivore biscuit- Black bear ( Asiatic black bear ) sun bear ( Malayan Sun Bear ) ,Sloth bear , Spectacle bear ( Marine Mammal )

-. marine mammal herbivore sirenias (dugongs manatee)- . -.


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-30 -30 peroxidative-. 6 3-4 mackerel-. - . - . herring, mackerel, blue runner, capelin, anadromouse smelt- ( pinnipped ) ( clam)- . 2

-. ( 1 ) 25 1 oxidative destruction peroxide formation oxidative destruction 100 IU/ - .( Nacl ) 3 1 (Pinniped )

- .- . ( dolphin ) 7-10 5-8 % ( Primate )-. monkey biscuit,canned primate feed , marmoset diet

- . 25 % - . monkey biscuit, canned primate ( )- new world monkey


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- 20 % 5 % - . ( ) - . monkey biscuit -

Lymphocytic choriomeningitis- . - . - hypercholesterolemia- . 2

- new world monkey new world monkey -. 6

- . ( ) pre - gastric fermentation incomplex stomach 50 % high-fiber

biscuit , 40 % , 10 % Alfalfa pellet

50 % monkey biscuit 25 %- gluten


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( wheat ) ( rye ) oat - ( ungulate )- - . ( )-

- . rumen acidosis, colic - ( cervidae ) 3/16 ( perissodactyl ) - ( copper ) - non-protein nitrogen

fermentation hind gut - omnivore biscuit -. 250 1.5-2.5 2-4 % - .- .-

- . ( Give fresh browse to relieve boredom. )


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-. ( poikilotermic animal ) ( ambient temperature ) - -. - mice

- 6 - . 2

- - uric acid - urate crystal

- .290-315 - (ricket )


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- metestatic calcification 25-droxyl vitaminD3 -. 3 - 25-30

20 %-. -. Boids, python, vipers, colubrids, crotalids; - . king cobra, hog-nose,

- - . 3 - . 1-2 4 Turtle

(n.1 a marine orfreshwater reptile with a bony or leathery shell and flippers or webbed toes. [Many species in theorder Chelonia.] the flesh of a sea turtle, used chiefly for soup.)- . - . 30-50 %


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- Tortoises

(n. a slow-moving land reptile of warm climates, enclosed in ascaly or leathery domed shell into which it can retract its head and legs. [Family Testudinidae:many species.] )

- Tortoise - alfafa pellet - ( cauliflower ) ( lettuce ) kale - 15%- Lizard

( 4 ( n. a reptile that typically has a long body and tail, four legs,movable eyelids, and a rough, scaly, or spiny skin. [Suborder Lacertilia: many species.] )- day gecko, leopard gecko, whip tail, anole lizard, chameleon; -. ( monitor lizard ), Gila monster, Mexican bearlizard - vertebrate prey- lizard 2-3 1-2- .


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8 - - - - -


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- - - -

- - - -

A

- - -

1. 2. 3. 4.


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3 1.2.3

- - -

1.

1.1. 1.2.


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- - - - - -

A 2 1

2 2 .


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2. - - - -

- -

- - - - - - () -

Q


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A.1.

2.

5

- - 2 - - - - -

-


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- 2

1. ( swing door ) - - - - - - 2. ( remote door ) ( )

1 2 3

3.4. 5. 6.


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A

2

1. 2. 3.

1.2.3.

1. 2.3.


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- - -

- -


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- -

- 2

1. 2. 3. .4. 5. 6. 7. 3.5

- -


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()

1.

2. 3.

- - -

- - - ( shock )- - -


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9

--- - - - - -


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- ( Clean ) - ( Cleanliness ) - Hygiene

1.

2.3.4.5.6.7.


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8. 9.10.

- - - 25-60

- 100 - - -

( tepol) - -


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- . - - - -

- bicarbonate of soda 25 1

- - (detergent solution )

1

Q

- disinfection - disinfectant- sanitation


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- antiseptic- sterilization disinfectant

Halogen -hypochlorite Chloros (ICI )

HypochloriteDomestos

1-5 %

3 5 %

- -

Phenlos( Cresol ) - Lysol (BP)

- pine oil, Jeyes,Jeypine

4 %

4 %

- -

Quaternary ammoniumCompounds

Nonidet( Shell )

- Cetavlon (ICI )

- 0.5 %

- 1 %

-

-

AmpholyticCompounds

Tego MGH - 1 %

Formaldehyde ( 5 %solution of formalin )

- -

( )

-


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- - - - - -

- 60-90 - - - - -


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.-

-

-

- - dysentery

-

-

-

- 1.

6 2.

3.


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4. ( psittacosis)

5.

6.

( anti toxoid ) 7. 6

- -

8.

- - - -


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( )

-


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- - - - - -

- - - - - - - -

- -


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- - ( ringworm ) ( aspergillosis )- (parasit ) ( ) sleeping sickness ( amoaeba ) (coccidia ) giardia ( balantidium )

- ( bot fly )-


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10

- - - -

-


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hare ( ) ( wallaby )

1 2. 3.

4.5. 6.7.

8.


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9.10. 11. 12. 13.14.15. 16.

1 ( Psychological tool ) 2 parakeet ( falcon )

3. macaque 4. 4.14.2 ( snare n.1 a trap for catching small animals, consisting of a loop of wire or cordthat pulls tight. )4.3 ( net )

net1n.1 a length of open-meshed material of twine, cord, etc., used typically for catching fish. a netsupported by a frame at the end of a handle, used for catching fish or insects.)


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4.4 ( Physical barrier ) - -

4.5 (.Physical force )

- 100 12

-

- 4.6 .

- -

-

-

-

-

-


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- - - - - - - - - - ( )-

- - - -

-

-

-


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1. 2.

3. (

)

4. 5.

6.


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zoo animal management[1]

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