ziyarate aashura na fayda final for … ashura.pdfcep® fõspap¡ e`f dykpafu l$fu bdpd¡ dtg|d_u...
TRANSCRIPT
lhIFZT[ VFX}ZF5-JFGF OFINF VG[
VFåDF,[ VFX}ZF
o 5|SFXS o
DF/L 8[SZF4 VF\AFRMS4 EFJGUZ sU]HZFTm.g0LIFf OMG o )Z&*mZ5!))5^4 Z$Z#&$^
CF_ GF_ D[DMlZI, 8=:8
Website : www.hajinaji.com, E-mail : [email protected]
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qL$spb_y„ _pd : qTepfs¡ Api|fp Y$hp_p apev$p
A_¡ Ap'dpg¡ Api|fp
âL$piL$ : lpÆ _pÆ d¡dp¡qfge V²$õV$
Aph©qÑ : (bpfdu) dpQ® - 2014
_L$g : 1000
lqv$ep¡ : ê$p.40/-
âp[às õ\p_
cph_Nf : lpÆ _pÆ d¡dp¡qfge V²$õV$ ap¡_ : 2510056
cph_Nf : bfL$scpB L$¡bu_hpmp dp¡. : 9924802846
dy„bB : Bõ_pAifu byL$ X$u`p¡, X$p¢Nfu ap¡_ : 23435215
dy„bB : `„S>¡s_u L$¡k¡V$ A¡ÞX$ byL$ k¡ÞV$f dp¡. : 9819637370
dy„bB : fpl¡_Ås dpkuL$ ap¡_ : 23460614
Adv$phpv$ : iåbufcpB _|fp_u dp¡. : 9376168306
Adv$phpv$ : A¡ldv$cpB dpõV$f dp¡. : 9898339279
hX$p¡v$fp : AèeybcpB V$u_hpgp dp¡. : 9428881472
L$pZp¡v$f : Ag _S>au BõgpduL$ byL$ k¡ÞV$f dp¡. : 9898750264
dlyhp : Agdv$pf byL$ X$u`p¡ dp¡. : 9275110630
d¡sp : Te_rbep BõgpduL$ gpBb°¡fu dp¡. : 9898369089
A`®ZAp d|ëehp_ L©$rs qTepfs¡ Api|fp Y$hp_p
apev$pAp¡ A_¡ Ap'dpg¡ Api|fp _¡ Bdpd¡
dTg|d_p dpv$f¡ rNfpdu S>_pb¡ kèev$p
(k.A.)_u L$b°¡ dybpfL$\u ApMfu ê$¿ksu
kde¡ Bdpd_p kgpd_p S>hpbdp„ v$v®$_pL$
AhpT Aphu L$¡ ep dTgydg Dçd¡... ep iluv$g
Dçd¡... ep Nfubg Dçd¡... Ae dp _p
dTgyd... Ae dp _p iluv$... Ae dp _p Nfub
b¡V$p... spfu vy$:¿epfu dpsp_p spfp D`f kgpd
lp¡. A¡ dTgyd dp _¡...
kpqv$L$¡ Apg¡ dp¡lçdv$ lTfs Bdpd¡ S>œAaf¡
kpqv$L$ (A.k.) L$¡ S>¡dZ¡ Ap qTepfs _L$g L$fu
A_¡ Alg¡b¥s_p QplL$p¡_¡ s¡_p apev$pAp¡\u
`qfrQs L$ep® s¡ Bdpd_¡...
A_¡ lTfs¡ hgu Aö (A.k.)_¡ (Adpfu
rS„>v$Nu Ap`_p D`f Ly$fbp_u \pe) L$¡ S>¡dZ¡
hpf„hpf Ap qTepfs `Y$hp_u spL$uv$ L$fu A_¡
s¡_u dlÐhsp cpf`|h®L$ kdÅhu s¡ Bdpd_¡...
A_¡ Bdpd¡ dTg|d_p A¡ dy¿guk TpBfp¡_¡
L$¡ S>¡Ap¡A¡ b_u Ddèep A_¡ b_u Aåbpk_u
Tprgd lyL|$dsp¡_p S>dp_pdp„ k¿suAp¡ A_¡
`pb„v$uAp¡_¡ _S>f A„v$pT L$fu Å_ dpg_u
`fhpl L$ep® hNf fZ hNX$pAp¡dp„ dyíL$¡guAp¡
cep® fõspAp¡ E`f dykpafu L$fu Bdpd¡
dTg|d_u qTepfs\u dyif®a \ep s¡Ap¡ kp¥_¡ Ap
qL$spb A`®Z L$ê„$ Ry„>.
gu. Nygpd lyk¥_ A¡d. d¡OpZu
d¡_¡Æ„N V²$õV$u, lpÆ _pÆ d¡dp¡qfeg V²$õV$
01 qTepfs¡ dpA¹k|du_ (A.k.)_u aTugsp¡
02 buÅ¡ QdÐL$pfuL$ b_ph
03 fp¡Tu_p¡ Ådu_
04 L$pi, ly„ fp¡S> qTepfs¡ Api|fp Y$sp¡ lp¡s
05 dp¡s_u kp\¡ gX$s
06 buÆ A¡L$ ApfS|>
07 dp¥s_p aqfísp (dg¡Ly$g dp¥s) kp\¡ hpsQus
08 hguA¡ Aö dpV$¡ qTepfs¡ Api|fp Y$hu
09 ApM¡fs dpV$¡ kpfpdp„ kpê„$ L$pd
10 _kubv$pf bp_y
11 ".....Adp¡ sdpfp L$pep£\u Nprag _\u.'
12 N¥bu dv$v$
13 qTepfs¡ Api|fp_p¡ X$v$p¡
14 c|gpB Ne¡g dp_sp
15 Ofdp„ fp¡i_u
A_y¾$drZL$p
16 kgpl
17 fp¡NQpmp¡
18 d|„ThZdp„ X$¡gp¡ dykpaf
19 vy$ApA¡ shõkyg A_¡ qTepfs¡ Api|fp
20 bl¡_ dpV$¡ MyiMbf
21 Bdpd_p¡ Nd
22 X$p¡. dp¡lçdv$ lpv$u (f.A.)_y„ õhà_
23 dp¡luåb¡ Alg¡b¥s_p kgpd
24 R>¡‰u BÃR>p
25 g‚_p¡ âõsph
26 dyv$p®Ap¡_u Bv$
27 dykubsp¡
28 dp¥s_y„ õhà_
29 L$fS> Av$p L$fhp bpbs
30 b^p A¡L$ S> S>Áep D`f
A_y¾$drZL$p
A_y¾$drZL$p
31 AkpÝe fp¡N
32 Arhðpky dykpaf
33 40 qhÛp\}Ap¡_u k„v$Nu
34 "dp ET¡e _buèey_....'
35 Apesy‰pl b¡lS>su_u v|$fA„v$¡iu
36 rlv$pes
37 b¡ _L$pb`p¡i dpZkp¡
38 A¡L$ buÅ¡ âk„N
39 qTepfs¡ Api|fp
40 vy$ApA¡ AëL$dp
41 qTepfs¡ Api|fp N¥f dAê$a
42 Api|fp_p qv$hk¡ pR>gp lp¡f_u qTepfs
A_y¾$drZL$p
A_y¾$drZL$p
Mpk _p¢^
S>¡ L$p¡B qTepfs¡ Api|fp `Y$¡ A_¡
A¡L$ hMs ’PPPV<,FC]dD,3 V1G3 VjJ,
h5F,[DLGPPP“ R>¡‰¡ ky^u `Y$¡. `R>u
’V<,FC]dD,3 V1G3C]D3 HDLVF1 lT;3V1J3 J
lT3;.1G DZ0C3“ L$l¡ A_¡ s¡ R>u ’V:;,FDM
V,I3S IF VAF V1laN<,FCPPPP“ R>¡‰¡ ky^u
`Y$¡. R>u L$l¡ L$¡
’V:;,FDM V,,3 C]1;{G J V1,F
V1,LlIlaG,3 C1];{G J V1,F VF{,FlN,3
C];{G J V1,F V:1C1FlA,3 C]1;{G lT;V1J3 J
A_y¾$drZL$p
lT;.G DZ0C3PPP“
ÅZ¡ L$¡ 100 hMs gA_s A_¡
kgpd k„`|Z® fus¡ Y$u lp¡e s¡hp¡ khpb s¡_¡
dmi¡. Ap qfhpes Ag-Nv$uf_p g¡ML$
A‰pdp Aåvy$glyk¥_ A¡ldv$ Adu_u
_S>au (qfThp_yg Agèl¡) A¡ Bdpd¡ lpv$u
(Agqèlõkgpd) \u _L$g L$fu R>¡.
(Apv$pbyTTpA¡f ¡._„.60)
- dyÞsMb kluaA¡ dlv$uep_p
lp„rkep f\u (`¡S> _„. 407)
_k¡° lpTuL$ (Ly$d-Bfp_)
A_y¾$drZL$p
_u aTugsp¡
riepAp¡_y„ dp_hy„ R>¡ L$¡ A¡lg¡b¥s (A.k.)
Tdu_ D`f A‰pl_p _ydpBÞv$p R>¡ A_¡ s¡Ap¡
A‰pl sfa\u lyˆ$s R>¡. s¡Ap¡ v$¡Mpsu s\p
hZv$¡Mpsu v$f¡L$ QuS> D`f Ly$v$fs fpM¡ R>¡. aL$s
s¡Ap¡S> A‰pl sfa_p¡ TfuAp¡ R>¡ A_¡ s¡_p
(Myv$p_p) k„sp¡j sfa_p¡ fõsp¡ R>¡. A_¡ qTepfs¡
Åd¡œAldp„ bfpbf Ap âdpZ¡ S> L$l¡g R>¡. L$as
sdp¡S> v$f¡L$ QuS>_p iê$Aps A_¡ A„s R>p¡. a¼s
sdpfp \L$u S> Apkdp_ hfkpv$ dpV$¡ DOX$¡ R>¡.
b¡iL$, Ap A‰pl_p k„v$ L$f¡gp b„v$pAp¡ L$¡
S>¡Ap¡ `p¡sp_p QplhphpmpAp¡_¡ Nd A_¡
sL$guadp„ sÆ _\u v$¡sp. A_¡ s¡Ap¡_p QplL$p¡ Z
qTepfs¡ dA¹k|du_ (A.k.)
1
qTepfs¡ dpA¹k|du_ (A.k.)_u aTugsp¡
A_y¾$drZL$p
s¡Ap¡_p hapv$pf R>¡.
qTepfs¡ dA¹k|du_ (A.k.) A_¡ s¡_u
Qpls A¡hp¡ qL„$dsu MÅ_p¡ R>¡ L$¡ S>¡_p dpV$¡ A‰pl¡
Agu Bå_¡ Abu sprgb (A.k.) _p riepAp¡_¡
S> Q|„V$u L$pY$¹ep R>¡. qTepfs dp¡V$pdp„ dp¡V$u Bˆ$s R>¡
S>¡ vy$r_ep s\p ApM¡fsdp„ bly S> dv$v$Npf yfhpf
\pe R>¡. v$f¡L$ dp__pf_p qv$gdp„ Ap ATud
Bbpv$s_u sdßp lp¡e R>¡.
Qpgp¡, Ap`Z¡ Ap sdßp Adgdp„ d|L$hp
dpV$¡ dA¹k|du_ (A.k.)_u dv$v$ QpluA¡.
(1) fk|g¡ Myv$p (k.A.h.)_u
qTepfs_u aTugsp¡
Ly$fbyg Aõ_pv$dp„ ld¥fu\u Bdpd¡ S>œAaf¡
kpqv$L$ (A.k.)\u fk|g¡ Myv$p_u qTepfs_u 2
fk|g¡ Myv$p (k.A.h.)_u qTepfs_u aTugsp¡
A_y¾$drZL$p
aTugs bpbs¡ qfhpes R>¡ L$¡ :
"S>¡ dpfu lepsu A_¡ dpfu haps `R>u
dpfu qTepfs dpV$¡ Aphi¡ s¡_p dpV$¡ L$epds_p
qv$hk¡ cgpdZ L$fui.'
buÆ A¡L$ qfhpesdp„, S>. aps¡dp Tl¡fp
(k.A.) A¡ Myi Mbfu Ap`u R>¡ L$¡ A‰pl s¡
i¿k dpV$¡ S>ßs hprS>b L$fu v$¡i¡ S>¡ fk|g¡ Myv$p
(k.A.h.)_u qTepfs Ap`_u lepsudp„ A\hp
Ap`_u haps bpv$ L$fi¡.
buÆ AL¡ $ cfpk¡ p`pÓ lv$ukdp„ Aåv$y‰p
rb_ Aåbpk bep_ L$f¡ R>¡ L$¡ fkg| ¡ Mvy $p
(k.A.h.) afdph¡ R>¡ L$¡ :
S>¡ L$p¡B Bdpd lk_ (A.k.)_u qTepfs
dpV$¡ S>ßsyg bL$u Aphi¡ sp¡ s¡_p `N rkfps_p 3
fk|g¡ Myv$p (k.A.h.)_u qTepfs_u aTugsp¡
A_y¾$drZL$p
`yg D`f dS>b|s fl¡i¡, S>epf¡ buÅAp¡_p `N
^°yS>sp li¡.
dyL$ßp _pd_u qL$spbdp„ Bdpd¡ kpqv$L$
(A.k.) \u Bfipv$ R>¡ L$¡ : S>¡ L$p¡B Adpfu L$b°_u
qTepfs L$fi¡, Myv$p s¡_p Ny_pl dpa L$fu v$¡i¡ A_¡
s¡_¡ ¼epf¡e Nfubu A_¡ dykubsp¡_p¡ kpd_p¡ L$fhp¡
_lu X$¡.
i¡M s|ku (f.A.)A¡ Bdpd lk_ AkL$fu
(A.k.) \u qfhpes L$fu R>¡ L$¡ :
S>¡ L$p¡B Bdpd¡ kpqv$L$ (A.k.) A_¡
s¡Ap¡_p r`spîu Bdpd¡ dp¡lçdv$ bpL$f (A.k.)_u
qTepfs L$fi¡ sp¡ s¡_¡ Ap„M_u sL$gua _l] \pe
s\p s¡_y„ dfZ budpfu\u _l] \pe.
Bå_¡ Ly$ëh¥e (A.f.) \u Bdpd¡ kpqv$L$ 4
fk|g¡ Myv$p (k.A.h.)_u qTepfs_u aTugsp¡
A_y¾$drZL$p
(A.k.)_u A¡L$ gp„bu qfhpes R>¡ L$¡ :
A¡L$ i¿k¡ Bdpd¡ kpqv$L$ (A.k.)_¡ `|R>¹ey„
: iy„ sdpfp hprgv$¡ byTyN®hpf_u qTepfs L$fhu
Å¡BA¡ ? Bdpd (A.k.) A¡ L$üy„ L$¡ : lp, s¡ i¿k¡
qTepfs _p khpb bpbs `|R>ey„ sp¡ Bdpd
(A.k.) d¡ afdpìey„, s¡_p dpV$¡ S>ßs R>¡ Å¡ s¡
Adpfu Bdpds_p¡ AL$uv$p¡ fpMsp¡ lp¡e A_¡ Adpfp¡
dp¡lub lp¡e. s¡ i¿k¡ `|R>¹ey„ L$¡ Å¡ L$p¡B qTepfs
dpV$¡ S>hpdp„ L$p¡splu L$f¡ sp¡ ? Bdpd (A.k.) A¡
S>hpb Apàep¡ s¡ Aakp¡k A_¡ f„S>_u lpgsdp„
fl¡i¡.
ìlpgp v$p¡õsp¡, Å¡ Ap`Z¡ lv$ukp¡ D`f
Ýep_ Ap`iy„, sp¡ S>Zpi¡ L$¡ S>¡ khpb_p¡ hpev$p¡
L$fhpdp„ Apìep¡ R>¡ s¡ aL$s s¡Ap¡_¡S> dmi¡ S>¡Ap¡_¡
5
fk|g¡ Myv$p (k.A.h.)_u qTepfs_u aTugsp¡
A_y¾$drZL$p
dA¹k|du_ (A.k.) D`f `|fp¡ cfp¡kp¡ li¡ A_¡
S>¡Ap¡ dAk|du_ (A.k.) d¡ L$l¡gu hpsp¡ `f
Adg L$fi¡ A_¡ s¡Ap¡_p Ng¡ Qpgi¡.
Aakp¡k_u hps R>¡ L$¡ A¡L$ riep Bdpd¡
kpqv$L$ (A.k.) _¡ qTepfs `f _ S>hp bpbs
`|R>¡ R>¡. lL$uL$sdp„ L$p¡B riep qTepfs_p ifa\u
dlê$d fl¡hp_u _p pX$¡ ?
Nfubdp„ Nfub riep `Z qTepfs dpV$¡
_p _ `pX$¡. `Z Al]ep L$l¡hy„ S>ê$fu R>¡ L$¡ Äepf¡
`¥kp_u Qpls dpZk_¡ qTepfs dpV$¡ S>hp fp¡L$¡ R>¡
sp¡ A¡L$ S> hp¼e k„cmpe R>¡. Äepf¡ dp¥gp
bp¡gphi¡ Ðepf¡ S>Bi.
lp, A¡ Mê„$ R>¡ L$¡ dA¹k|du_ (A.k.) _u
fÅ hNf qTepfs dpV$¡ S>¡hy„ k„chus _\u. `Z
6
fk|g¡ Myv$p (k.A.h.)_u qTepfs_u aTugsp¡
A_y¾$drZL$p
Ap`Z¡ qTepfs dpV$¡ S>hp_u BÃR>p Ap`Zp L$pep£,
vy$Ap A_¡ L$p¡riip¡\u L$fhu Å¡BA¡.
Mê„$ yR>p¡ sp¡, OZu hMs ¥kpsp¡ aL$s A¡L$
blp_y„ lp¡e R>¡. s¡_u pk¡ pk`p¡V®$ S> _\u lp¡sp¡ !
Aphp k„Å¡Np¡dp„ iy„ Ap`Z¡ A¡d BÃR>uA¡ L$¡
dA¹k|du_ (A.k.) `pk`p¡V®$_p b„v$p¡bõs L$fu
Ap`i¡?
OZu hMs Ap`Z¡ `¥kp\u A_¡ Bfpv$p\u
qTepfs dpV$¡ s¥epf lp¡BA¡ R>uA¡. `Z Ap`Zp
AdyL$ Ny_plp¡ Ap`Z_¡ Ap _¡L$ kaf dpV$¡ S>sp fp¡L$¡
R>¡. A\hp dykpafu L$fhp `R>u `Z Ap`Z_¡
qTepfs_p¡ ifa lprkg \sp¡ _\u.
Ap`Z¡ `pL$ `fhfqv$Npf (ky.h.s.) \u
Ap`Zp A¡hp Ny_plp¡_u dpau dp„NuA¡ L$¡ S>¡_¡ gu^¡
7
fk|g¡ Myv$p (k.A.h.)_u qTepfs_u aTugsp¡
A_y¾$drZL$p
Ap dyL$v«k L$pddp„ ê$L$phV$ Aph¡ R>¡.
(2) l. Aduê$g dp¡A¹d¡_u_ (A.k.)_u
qTepfs_u aTugs
i¡M s|ku (f.A.) \u dp¡lçdv$ rb_
dp¡lçdv$ (f.A.) A¡ Bdpd¡ kpqv$L$ (A.k.) \u
Aduê$g dp¡A¹d¡_u_ (A.k.)_u qTepfs_u
aTugs bep_ L$f¡ R>¡ L$¡ :
S>¡ L$p¡B Aduê$g dp¡œAd¡_u_ (A.k.)_u
qTepfs dpV$¡ S>i¡, dp¥gp_p l½$p¡ dpÞe fpMi¡,
Nhplu Ap`i¡ L$¡ s¡Ap¡ A¡hp Bdpd R>¡ L$¡ S>¡d_u
BspAs L$fhu hprS>b R>¡, A_¡ dNê$fu A\hp
Tbfv$õsu\u qTepfs f _ S>sp¡ lp¡e sp¡ A‰pl
s¡_p dpV$¡ A¡L$ gpM iluv$p¡_p¡ khpb gMi¡.
A‰pl s¡_p ApNgp s\p `pR>gp Ny_plp¡ dpa L$fu
8
fk|g¡ Myv$p (k.A.h.)_u qTepfs_u aTugsp¡
A_y¾$drZL$p
v$¡i¡. L$epds_p qv$hk¡ DW$i¡ A_¡ dl¡ifdp„ S>dp
\i¡ Ðepf¡ s¡_¡ S>fp Z Mp¥a _l] lp¡e. A‰pl s¡_p¡
rlkpb `Z Apkp_ L$fu v$¡i¡. aqfíspAp¡ s¡_¡
AphL$pf Ap`i¡. S>epf¡ s¡ qTepfs L$fu_¡ Of sfa
fhp_p \i¡. sp¡ aqfíspAp¡ s¡_p Of ky^u kp\
Ap`i¡. Å¡ s¡ budpf `X$i¡ sp¡ aqfíspAp¡ s¡_u
Aepv$s dpV$¡ Aphi¡. Å¡ s¡ dfu S>i¡ sp¡ aqfíspAp¡
s¡_p S>_pTpdp„ rifL$s L$fi¡ A_¡ L$bfdp„ v$a_ \i¡
Ðep„ ky^u s¡_p dpV$¡ dÁa¡fs_u vy$Ap L$fi¡.'
k¥ev$ Aåvy$g L$fud spDk (f.A.)\u
qfhpes R>¡ L$¡ Bdpd¡ kpqv$L$ (A.k.) d¡ Bå_¡
dpluf_¡ S>Zpìey„ L$¡ :
"Ae Bå_¡ dpluf,S>¡ i¿k dpfp dp¡lsfd
v$pv$p Aduê$g dp¡Ad¡_u_ (A.k.)_u qTepfs
9
fk|g¡ Myv$p (k.A.h.)_u qTepfs_u aTugsp¡
A_y¾$drZL$p
L$fi¡ sp¡ A‰pl s¡_p v$f¡L$ `Ng¡ A¡L$ L$b|g \e¡g
lS> s\p Ddfp_p¡ khpb Ap`i¡. Ae Bå_¡
dpluf, Ap lv$uk kp¡_p_p pZu\u gMS>¡.'
b¡iL$, Aduê$g dp¡Ad¡_u_ A_¡ l. Bdpd
lyk¥_ (A.k.)_u qTepfs_u aTugs "vy$ApA¡
Ag L$dpl'_u R>¡‰u gpB_dp„ dmi¡ "Ae Aduê$g
dp¡Ad¡_u_ A_¡ Ae Abp Aqåv$‰pl ! ly„ Ap`
bß¡\u s\p Ap`_u qTepfs\u ApL$rj®s \ep¡ Ry„>
Äepf¡ L$¡ Ap vy$r_epdp„ gp¡L$p¡A¡ Ap`_¡ s\p Ap`
bß¡_u qTepfs_¡ sÆ v$u^p R>¡. Ap`_u
qTepfs\u ly„ S>¡ Qply„ Ry„> s¡ Myv$p d_¡ Asp L$f¡.
b¡iL$, Myv$p _S>v$uL$ A_¡ l„d¡ip vy$Ap
kp„cmhphpmp¡ R>¡.' (vy$ApA¡ Ag L$dpl dp„\u)
(3) Bdpd¡ L$pqTd (A.k.) A_¡ Bdpd¡
10
fk|g¡ Myv$p (k.A.h.)_u qTepfs_u aTugsp¡
A_y¾$drZL$p
dp¡lçdv$ sL$u (A.k.)_u qTepfs_u aTugs
L$pTd¥__u qTepfs_u aTugsp¡ rhi¡ A_¡L$
qfhpesp¡ R>¡.A¡L$ qfhpesdp„ R>¡ L$¡ S>¡ Bdpd¡ d|kp
Ag-L$pqTd (A.k.)_u qTepfs L$f¡ sp¡ ÅZ¡
s¡Z¡ fk|g¡ Myv$p (k.A.h.) s\p Aduê$g
dp¡œAd¡_u_ (A.k.) qTepfs L$fu. buÆ
qfhpesdp„ R>¡ L$¡ s¡_p D`f S>ßs hprS>b \B Åe
R>¡.
i¥M kv|$L$ (A.f.) bep_ L$f¡ R>¡ L$¡
Bb°plud Bå_¡ AL$bpA¡ Bdpd¡ Agu _L$u
(A.k.)_¡ L$pNm gMu_¡ `|R>pìey„ L$¡ : "L$B
qTepfs_u h^y aTugs R>¡? Bdpd¡ lyk¥_
(A.k.)_u qTepfs L$¡ Bdpd¡ d|kp Ag L$pqTd
(A.k.)_u qTepfs A\hp Bdpd¡ dp¡lçdv$ sL$u
11
fk|g¡ Myv$p (k.A.h.)_u qTepfs_u aTugsp¡
A_y¾$drZL$p
(A.k.)_u qTepfs ?' Bdpd (A.k.) d¡
S>hpb Apàep¡ L$¡ :
"Bdpd lyk¥_ (A.k.)_u qTepfs _¡
h^ydp„ h^y dlÒh Ap`hy„. Å¡ Bdpd¡ L$pqTd s\p
Bdpd¡ sL$u (A.k.)_u qTepfs `Z L$fp¡ sp¡ `Z
h^y khpb dmi¡.'
(4) Bdpd fTp (A.k.)_u qTepfs_u aTugs
fk|g¡ Myv$p (k.A.h.)d¡ afdpìey„ R>¡ L$¡ :
"_S>v$uL$_p' crhóedp„ dpfp bv$__p¡ A¡L$
Vy$L$X$p¡ Myfpkp_dp„ v$a_ \i¡. S>¡ s¡_u qTepfs L$fi¡,
A‰pl (ky.h.s.) s¡_p D`f S>ßs hprS>b L$fu
v$¡i¡.'
buÆ qfhpesdp„ R>¡ L$¡ Å¡ L$p¡B vy$Mu dp¡du_
Bdpd¡ fTp (A.k.)_u qTepfs L$fi¡ sp¡ Myv$p s¡_p
12
fk|g¡ Myv$p (k.A.h.)_u qTepfs_u aTugsp¡
A_y¾$drZL$p
vy$:M v|f L$fi¡ A_¡ Å¡ L$p¡B Ny_¡lNpf qTepfs L$fi¡
sp¡ Myv$p s¡_p Ny_pl dpa L$fu v$¡i¡.
Bdpd¡ d|kp Ag-L$pqTd (A.k.)\u
qfhpes R>¡ L$¡ :
"S>¡ L$p¡B dpfp afT„v$ Agu fTp (A.k.)_u
qTepfs L$fi¡ sp¡ Myv$p s¡_¡ 70 lS>_p¡ khpb
Ap`i¡.' sp¡ fphuA¡ Apòe®\u |R>ey„, "70 lS>?'
Bdpd (A.k.)d¡ S>hpb Apàep¡ "_rl 70 lÅf
lS>.' fphuA¡ afu |R>ey "70 lÅf lS>?' Bdpd
(A.k.)d¡ S>hpb Apàep¡ "L$epds_p qv$hk¡'
ApNgp S>dp_p_u Qpf byTyN® lõsuAp¡ s\p
ApS>_p S>dp_p_u Qpf byTyN® lõsuAp¡ Ai® `f
S>dp \i¡. ApNgp S>dp_p_u Qpf byTyN® lõsuAp¡
l. _|l (A.k.), l. Bb°plud (A.k.), l.d|kp
13
fk|g¡ Myv$p (k.A.h.)_u qTepfs_u aTugsp¡
A_y¾$drZL$p
(A.k.) s\p l. Bkp (A.k.) li¡, S>epf¡
ApS>_p S>dp_p_u dyL$v«k lõsuAp¡ fk|g¡ Myv$p
(k.A.h.), Bdpd¡ Agu (A.k.), Bdpd¡ lk_
(A.k.) s\p Bdpd¡ lyk¥_ (A.k.) li¡. S>¡Ap¡A¡
ABçdp (A.k.)_u L$bfp¡_u qTepfs L$fu li¡
s¡Ap¡ `Z Ai® `f Ap byTyN® lõsuAp¡_u kp\¡
\i¡. Mê$ `|R>p¡ sp¡, S>¡Ap¡A¡ dpfp afT„v$ l. Agu
fTp (A.k.)_u L$bf_u qTepfs L$fu li¡ s¡Ap¡
buÅAp¡ L$fsp„ KQp v$fˆ$¡ li¡ A_¡ s¡Ap¡_¡ khpb
`Z h^y dmi¡.'
l. Agu fTp (A.k.) d¡ afdpìey„ R>¡ L$¡ :
"S>¡Ap¡ dpfu qTepfs L$fi¡ sp¡ s¡Ap¡A¡
ÅZ¡ fk|g¡ Myv$p (k.A.h.) _u L$bf_u qTepfs
L$fu A_¡ s¡Ap¡_¡ 1000 lS> s\p 1000 Ddfp_p¡
14
fk|g¡ Myv$p (k.A.h.)_u qTepfs_u aTugsp¡
A_y¾$drZL$p
khpb dmi¡ A_¡ L$epds_p qv$hk¡ s¡Ap¡ Adpfp
byTyN®hpfp¡_u kp\¡ li¡.'
dp¡Asbf qfhpesdp„ R>¡ L$¡ l. Bdpd¡ fTp
(A.k.) d¡ afdpìey„ R>¡ L$¡ :
"dpfu L$bf vy$f lp¡hp R>sp„ S>¡Ap¡ dpfu
qTepfs L$fi¡ sp¡ ly„ s¡Ap¡_u ÓZ S>ÁepA¡ dv$v$
L$fui - (1) Äepf¡ `fl¡TNpfp¡_¡ S>dZp lp\dp„
_pdpA¡ Ap'dpg Ap`hpdp„ Aphi¡ A_¡
Ny_¡lNpfp¡_¡ X$pbp lp\dp„ _pdpA¡ Ap'dpg
Ap`hpdp„ Aphi¡ Ðepf¡, (2) "rkfps'sp¡ `yg
`kpf L$fsu hMs¡ A_¡ (3) "rdTp_'_p hMs¡.'
l. Bdpd fTp (A.k.)_y„ bep_ R>¡ L$¡ :
Å¡ L$p¡B riep dpfu L$bf `pk¡ b¡ fL$ps
_dpT Av$p L$fi¡ sp¡ s¡ L$epds_p qv$hk¡ iapAs_u
15
fk|g¡ Myv$p (k.A.h.)_u qTepfs_u aTugsp¡
A_y¾$drZL$p
Dçduv$ fpMu iL$¡ R>¡. ly„ Myv$p_u L$kd MpB_¡ L$ly„ Ry„>
L$¡ S>¡Z¡ dp¡lçdv$ (k.A.h.)`R>u Adp¡_¡
Bdpds_p¡ ifa Asp L$f¡g R>¡ A_¡ s¡\u Adp¡_¡
ATds bnu R>¡ A_¡ Adp¡_¡ fk|g¡ Myv$p_p hpfuk
b_pìep R>¡ s¡ Myv$p_u L$kd MpB_¡ L$ly„ Ry„> L$¡ dpfu
qTepfs L$fhphpmpAp¡ buÅ L$fsp„ L$epds_p
qv$hk¡ kpfu lpgsdp„ li¡.
dp¡lçdv$ rb_ kygedp_¡ Bdpd dp¡lçdv$
sL$u (A.k.)_¡ `|R>¹ey„, ""A¡L$ i¿k¡ hprS>b lS>
Av$p L$fu A_¡ Bdpd¡ fTp (A.k.) rkhpe,
ABçdp (A.k.)_u qTepfsp¡ L$fu R>¡ A_¡ Of¡
`pR>p¡ aep£ R>¡. Ðepf¡ R>u Myv$pA¡ s¡_¡ OZp ¥kp\u
_hpTep¡ S>¡\u s¡ pR>p¡ lS> f S>B iL$¡. sp¡ s¡Z¡ iy„
L$fhy„ Å¡BA¡ ? lS> `f Åe L$¡ Bdpd¡ fTp
16
fk|g¡ Myv$p (k.A.h.)_u qTepfs_u aTugsp¡
A_y¾$drZL$p
17
(A.k.)_u qTepfs `f Åe?'' Bdpd¡ S>hpb
Apàep¡, ""h^y kpê„$ A¡ R>¡ L$¡ s¡ Bdpd¡ fTp
(A.k.)_u qTepfs dpV$¡ Åe A_¡ s¡ `Z fS>b
drl_pdp„.''
Bdpd¡ dp¡lçds sL$u (A.k.) \u qfhpes
R>¡ L$¡,
""S>¡ i¿k dpfp hpqgv$¡ byTyN®hpf_u
qTepfs dpV$¡ Åe A_¡ s¡ Bdpd (A.k.)_p lL$\u
hpL$ua lp¡e sp¡ s¡_p dpV$¡ S>ßs_u ly„ S>hpbv$pfu
gD Ry„>.''
Bdpd lyk¥_ (A.k.)_u qTepfs_u aTugs
"L$prdgyœT qTepfs' _pd_u qL$spbdp„
Bå_¡ L$p¥gheA¡ Bdpd¡ lyk¥_ (A.k.)_u
qTepfs_u OZu lqv$kp¡ bep_ L$fu R>¡. Ap
fk|g¡ Myv$p (k.A.h.)_u qTepfs_u aTugsp¡
A_y¾$drZL$p
qL$spb_u \p¡X$u lv$ukp¡ _uQ¡ _L$g L$fu R>¡ :
1) Bdpd¡ lyk¥_ (A.k.)_u qTepfs lS>,
Ddfp s\p S>¡lpv$_u bfpbf R>¡.
f) Bdpd lyk¥_ (A.k.)_u qTepfs \L$u
Ny_plp¡_u dpau dm¡ R>¡.
3) Bdpd lyk¥_ (A.k.)_u qTepfs \L$u
L$epds_p qv$hk¡ S>ëv$u A_¡ Apkp_
rlkpb g¡hpi¡.
4) qTepfs \L$u ApM¡fsdp„ KQp¡ v$fˆ$p¡ dm¡
R>¡.
5) Bdpd¡ lyk¥_ (A.k.)_u qTepfs \L$u
_dpTp¡ L$b|g \pe R>¡.
6) S>¡ Bdpd¡ lyk¥_ (A.k.)_u aTugsp¡
18
fk|g¡ Myv$p (k.A.h.)_u qTepfs_u aTugsp¡
A_y¾$drZL$p
bep_ L$fi¡ s¡_y„ Apeyóe gp„by \i¡.
7) Bdpd¡ lyk¥_ (A.k.) _u qTepfs_p
L$pfZ¡ ifuf s\p v$p¡gs_u rlapTs \i¡
A_¡ fp¡Tudp„ h^pfp¡ \i¡.
8) Bdpd lyk¥_ (A.k.)_u qTepfs\u
Dçduv$p¡ |fu \i¡ A_¡ vy$:M A_¡ Nd Ap¡R>p
\i¡.
9) Bdpd lyk¥_ (A.k.)_u qTepfs_¡
R>p¡X$hp\u dTlb_p¡ AL$uv$p¡ bfbpv$ \pe
R>¡. ÅZ¡ s¡Z¡ fk|g¡ Myv$p (k.A.h.)_p
lL$p¡_u AhNZ_p L$fu.
10) S>¡ dpZk¡ Bdpd (A.k.) _u L$bf_u
qTepfs L$fu li¡ s¡_¡ A‰pl (ky.h.s.)
`p¡s¡ L$epds_p qv$hk¡ bQphi¡. 19
fk|g¡ Myv$p (k.A.h.)_u qTepfs_u aTugsp¡
A_y¾$drZL$p
11) Bdpd (A.k.)_u qTepfs \L$u dp¥sdp„
Apkp_u \pe R>¡. A_¡ L$bf_p¡ X$f Ap¡R>p¡
\pe R>¡.
12) Bdpd lyk¥_ (A.k.)_u qTepfs dpV$¡
MfQ¡g A¡L$ qv$fld_p¡ khpb A¡L$ lÅf
qv$fld S>¡V$gp¡ R>¡ bëL$¡ v$fk lÅf qv$fld
S>¡V$gp¡ R>¡.
13) Äepf¡ TpBf Bdpd (A.k.)_u L$bf kpd¡
Dcp¡ fl¡ R>¡ Ðepf¡ Qpf lÅf aqfísp s¡_¡
AphL$pf Ap`¡ R>¡.
14) S>epf¡ TpAf¡ u_ qTepfs `f| u L$fu_¡ Of¡
`pR>p¡ af¡ R>¡ Ðepf¡ aqfíspAp¡ s_¡ p Ng¡ s_¡ u
`pR>m pR>m Aph¡ R>.¡
20
fk|g¡ Myv$p (k.A.h.)_u qTepfs_u aTugsp¡
A_y¾$drZL$p
15) fk|g¡ Myv$p (k.A.h.) s¡d_p hgu l.
Agu (A.k.) s\p buÅ Bdpdp¡
(A.k.) TpA¡fu_ dpV$¡ vy$Ap L$f¡ R>¡.
16) Äepf¡ TpBf Bdpd (A.k.)_u qTepfs\u
`pR>p¡ af¡ R>¡ Ðepf¡ lTfs aps¡dp Tlfp
(A.k.)s¡ TpBf_¡ L$l¡ R>¡ "Ae TpBf Å
A_¡ _hu rS„>v$Nu iê$ L$f, L$pfZ L$¡ spfp
b^p Ny_plp¡ ^p¡hpB Nep R>¡ A_¡ sy„ lh¡ s¡
bpmL$ S>¡hp¡ R>¡ S>¡_¡ s¡_u dp A¡ ldZp„ S>
S>Þd Apàep¡ lp¡e.'
17) Bdpd lyk¥_ (A.k.) _y„ afdp_ R>¡ L$¡ "S>¡
dpfu L$bf_u qTepfs L$fi¡ sp¡ ApM¡fsdp„
ly„ s¡_u dv$v$ L$fui.'
21
fk|g¡ Myv$p (k.A.h.)_u qTepfs_u aTugsp¡
A_y¾$drZL$p
18) Bdpd lyk¥_ (A.k.)_p TpBfu_p¡
buÅAp¡ L$fsp 4 hfk `l¡gp S>ßsdp„
v$pMg \i¡.
19) Bdpd (A.k.)_u qTepfs_p¡ khpb
A‰pl kyblp_ly h sApgp `pk¡ d¡layT
R>¡. Ap¡R>pdp„ Ap¡R>p¡ khpb A¡ R>¡ L$¡
TpBfu_ S>ßsdp„ S>i¡.
20) Bdpd lyk¥_ (A.k.)_p TpBfu__¡
buÅAp¡ dpV$¡ iapAs L$fhp_p¡ Ar^L$pf
dmi¡.
Ap ÅZhy„ S>ê$fu R>¡ L$¡ S>¡ hprS>b lS>
Av$p L$fhu Å¡BA¡. qTepfs L$p„B lS>_p bv$gpdp„
_\u \B iL$su.
22
fk|g¡ Myv$p (k.A.h.)_u qTepfs_u aTugsp¡
A_y¾$drZL$p
ABçdp (A.k.)d¡ qTepfs dpV$¡ `¥kp
DR>u_p g¡hp_y„ `Z S>Zpìey„ R>¡. qTepfs dpV$¡ L$T®¡
gu^¡gp `¥kp_u Q|L$hZu_u S>hpbv$pfu ABçdp
(A.k.)d¡ gu^u R>¡.
`Z S>¡Ap¡_¡ lSy> qTepfs dpV$¡ S>hp_u
sp¥auL$ _\u dmu s¡Ap¡_y„ iy„? s¡Ap¡A¡ iy„ L$fhy„
Å¡BA¡ ? b¡iL$, Ap`Zp Bdpd (A.k.) d¡
vy$r_ep s\p ApM¡fsdp„ riepAp¡_¡ sÆ v$u^p _\u.
s¡Ap¡A¡ qTepfs dpV$¡ S>hp S>¡V$gp¡ S> khpb
d¡mhhp_p fõsp bspìep R>¡, L$¡ S>¡Ap¡ Bdpd
(A.k.)_u L$bf dybpfL$ ky^u _\u S>B iL$sp.
v$pMgp sfuL$¡, fk|g¡ Myv$p (k.A.h.)A¡
afdpìey„ R>¡ L$¡:- "S>¡Z¡ dpfu haps `R>u dpfu
qTepfs L$fu s¡Z¡ ÅZ¡ dpfu lepsudp„ dpfu
23
fk|g¡ Myv$p (k.A.h.)_u qTepfs_u aTugsp¡
A_y¾$drZL$p
qTepfs L$fu. Å¡ L$p¡B dpfu L$bf_u qTepfs
L$fhp_u l¥kues _ fpMsp¡ lp¡e, sp¡ s¡Z¡ a¼s d_¡
kgpd dp¡L$ghp_u S>ê$fs R>¡. s¡_u kgpd Qp¡½$k
d_¡ lp¢Qi¡.'
kpg¡l rb_ AL$bp s\p k¥a rb_
AL$bpA¡ AëL$dp rb_ dp¡lçdv$ lTfdu\u
qfhpes L$f¡g R>¡ L$¡ lTfduA¡ Bdpd¡ dp¡lçdv$
bpqL$f (A.k.) _¡ AfS> L$fu, "d_¡ A¡hu L$p¡B
vy$Ap bsphp¡ L$¡ ly„ sdpfp\u v|$f lp¡D Ðepf¡ `Yy„$.'
Bdpd¡ bpqL$f (A.k.)d¡ s¡d_¡ qTepfs¡ Api|fp
A_¡ vy$ApA¡ AëL$dp iuMhu A_¡ L$üy„, "Å¡ sdp¡
Ap qTepfs A_¡ vy$Ap `Y$ip¡ sp¡ S>¡ arfíspAp¡
dpfu L$bf_u qTepfs L$f¡ R>¡ s¡ b^p aqfíspAp¡
sdpfp dpV$¡ vy$Ap L$fi¡. Ðepf `R>u Bdpd¡ bpL$uf
24
fk|g¡ Myv$p (k.A.h.)_u qTepfs_u aTugsp¡
A_y¾$drZL$p
(A.k.) d¡ L$üy„ L$¡, S>¡ khpb dpfp fp¡Tp
dybpfL$_u qTepfs dpV$¡ dMk|k R>¡ s¡S> khpb
qTepfs¡ Api|fp s\p vy $ApA¡ AëL$dp
`X$hphpmp_¡ dmi¡.
Ap qL$spbdp„ A¡hp \p¡X$pL$ riep byTyN®
Aprgdp¡_p b_php¡ fS|> L$ep® R>¡ L$¡ S>¡Ap¡ l„d¡ip
qTepfs¡ Api|fp s\p vy$ApA¡ AëL$dp `Y$sp lsp
A_¡ S>¡Ap¡_¡ s¡_p \L$u A‰pl (ky.h.s.), fk|g¡
Myv$p (k.A.h.) s\p A¡lg¡b¥s (A.k.)_u
Myi_yv$u lpqkg \B. Ap qTepfs s\p vy$Ap \L$u
Ap byTyN® lõsuAp¡_¡ vy$r_ep A_¡ ApM¡fsdp„
L$prdepbu dmu.
Qpgp¡, Ap`Z¡ vy$Ap L$fuA¡ L$¡ Myv$p
Ap`Z_¡ sp¥auL$ Asp L$f¡ L$¡ Ap`Z¡ Æh__p R>¡‰p
25
fk|g¡ Myv$p (k.A.h.)_u qTepfs_u aTugsp¡
A_y¾$drZL$p
ðpk ky^u v$ffp¡S> Ap qTepfs s\p vy$Ap `X$uA¡,
Ðep„ ky^u L$¡ Ap`Zp iåv$p¡ Ap lp¡e "sdpfp `f
kgpd lp¡ Ae Abp Aqåv$‰pl' A_¡ Äepf¡
dg¡Ly$g dp¥s Ap`Zp ifuf\u ê$l L$pY$¡ Ðepf¡ Bdpd
lyk¥_ (A.k.) S>hpb Ap`¡ "sdpfp f kgpd lp¡
Ae dpfp riep, dpfp dp¡lub A_¡ dpfp TpBf.'
BÞipA‰pl.
ApS> L$pfZ R>¡ L$¡ S>ê$fs A_¡ sL$gua_p
hMs¡ riep Aprgdp¡A¡ qTepfs¡ Api|fp_p¡ klpfp¡
gu^p¡ R>¡. A¡hp Argdp¡ L$¡ S>¡Ap¡A¡ dp¡V$p dp¡V$p
L$pf_pdpAp¡ A„Åd Apàep R>¡, s¡Ap¡A¡ l„d¡ip
qTepfs `X$hp_u spL$uv$ L$fu R>¡. s¡Ap¡_p¡ A_ych
R>¡ L$¡ dykubsp¡ s\p sL$guap¡dp„ Ap qTepfs A¡L$
cfp¡kp`pÓ klpfp¡ kprbs \A¡g R>¡. Ap
26
buÅ¡ QdÐL$pfuL$ b_ph
A_y¾$drZL$p
qL$spbdp„ A¡hp AdyL$ b_php¡ rhNshpf fS|> L$f¡g
R>¡. Ap b^p b_php¡ Apg¡ dp¡lçdv$ (A.k.)_p
dp¡luåbp¡_p R>¡ L$¡ S>¡Ap¡_p qv$g s\p ê$l Ap
qTepfs v$ffp¡S> Y$hp\u fp¡i_ \e¡g R>¡.
b¡iL$, A¡hp OZp _kubv$pfp¡ R>¡ L$¡ S>¡Ap¡_¡
OZp hMs ky^u Ap qTepfs \L$u apev$p¡ \ep¡ R>¡
`Z s¡Ap¡_¡ p¡sp_p A_ychp¡ gMhp_p¡ dp¡L$p¡ _\u
dýep¡. S>¡\u, S>¡ riepAp¡_¡ hpf„hpf Ap
qTepfs\u gpc \ep¡ R>¡ s¡Ap¡_¡ _d° rh_„su R>¡ L$¡
s¡Ap¡ `p¡sp_p A_ychp¡ hpf„hpf bep_ L$f¡ S>¡\u
h^y_¡ h^y cpB-bl¡_p¡ Ap qTepfs sfa
ApL$jp®e.
b^p hMpZ s¡ A‰pl dpV$¡ R>¡ L$¡ S>¡Z¡
Ap`Zp qv$gp¡_¡ s¡_u dp¡låbs_y„ L$¡ÞÖ b_pìey„.
27
fp¡Tu_p¡ Ådu_
A_y¾$drZL$p
s¡Z¡ Ly$fbp_u s\p ÐepN_u cph_p s¡_p
QplhphpmpAp¡_p qv$gp¡dp„ Dspfu. s¡Z¡ sp¥luv$_p
_|f\u rS„>v$Nu_p fõsp_¡ fp¡i_ b_pìep¡.
lTfs Apv$d (A.k.) \u lTfs
dp¡lçdv$ (k.A.h.) ky^u_p sdpd fk|gp¡
(A.k.) f kgpd A_¡ kghps lp¡. kgpd A_¡
kghps lp¡ ABçdp (A.k.) f A_¡ Mpk L$fu_¡
Aduê$g dp¡œAd¡_u_ (A.k.) `f L$¡ S>¡dZ¡
L$fbgp_p b_ph_p hjp£ `l¡gp„, L$fbgp_u
ilpv$sp¡_u crhóehpZu L$fu lsu A_¡ Ap
b_ph_u dlÑp `p¡sp_p MyÐbpAp¡dp„ S>Zphu
lsu.
Å¡L$¡ v$f¡L$ qTepfs_y„ dlÒh lp¡e R>¡ `Z
qTepfs¡ Api|fp buÆ b^u qTepfsp¡ L$fsp„ A¡L$
28
L$pi, ly„ fp¡S> qTepfs¡ Api|fp `Y$sp¡ lp¡s
A_y¾$drZL$p
OZu ANÐe_u bpbsdp„ AgN sfu Aph¡ R>¡.
qTepfs¡ Api|fp A¿gpL$ A_¡ AL$uv$p_p sÐhp¡\u
cf`|f R>¡. b¡iL$, Ap qTepfs dpZk_p qv$g,
v$udpN A_¡ ê$l D`f Akf L$f¡ R>¡.
Ap qTepfs_u dlÑp rhj¡_p AdyL$
Örô$L$p¡Z _uQ¡ fS|> L$f¡g R>¡ :
qTepfs¡ Api|fp lL$uL$sdp„ lv$uk¡ Ly$v$ku
R>¡. lv$uk¡ Ly$v$ku A¡ bep_p¡ R>¡ L$¡ S>¡ A‰pl sfa\u
R>¡, `Z S>¡_p¡ qT¾$ Ly$fAp_dp„ _\u. S>_pb¡
kahp_\u d_kyb R>¡ L$¡ Ap qTepfs rS>b°Bg¡
"ghl¡ dla|T'\u lTfs dp¡lçdv$ (k.A.h.)_¡
Ap`u R>¡. fk|g¡ Myv$p (k.A.h.) A¡, s¡ qTepfs
Aduê$g dp¡œAd¡_u_ (A.k.) _¡ lhpg¡ L$fu.
Aduê$g dp¡œAd¡_u_ (A.k.)d¡ s¡d_p afT„v$p¡
29
dp¡s_u kp\¡ gX$s
A_y¾$drZL$p
lk_¥_ (A.k.)_¡ Ap`u. Bdpd lyk¥_ (A.k.)
d¡ Bdpd kˆ$pv$ (A.k.) _¡ A_¡ s¡Ap¡A¡ `p¡sp_p
afT„v$ Bdpd¡ bpqL$f (A.k.)_¡ A_¡ sp¡Ap¡A¡
`p¡sp_p afT„v$ Bdpd¡ kpqv$L$ (A.k.)_¡ Ap`u.
Bdpd¡ kpqv$L$ (A.k.) d¡ Ap qTepfs s¡d_p
klpbu kahp_ (S>¡ Ap lv$uk_p fphu R>¡) s¡d_¡
bep_ L$fu.
Ap qTepfs_p¡ khpb bep_ L$ep® `R>u,
Bdpd¡ kpqv$L$ (A.k.)d¡ kahp__¡ L$üy„,
"Ae kahp_, ly„ Ap qTepfs_u L$b|g
\hp_u MpÓu Ap`y Ry„> Å¡ L$p¡B Apdpg¡ Api|fp
l„d¡ip bÅhu gph¡. b¡iL$, s¡_p Apdpg L$b|g
\hp_¡ gpeL$ \B S>i¡, A‰pl s¡_u dp„NZuAp¡ |fu
L$fi¡, s¡_u vy$Ap L$b|g L$fi¡ A_¡ L$p¡B `Z i¿k
30
dp¡s_u kp\¡ gX$s
A_y¾$drZL$p
s¡_¡ Ðep„\u dpeyk \B_¡ pR>p¡ _l] afi¡.
Ae kahp_, dpfp hprgv$¡ bTy Ny h® pf s\p
dpfp v$pv$pA¡ `Z L$bg| ps_u MpÓu Ap`u R>¡ A_¡
sA¡ p_¡ p hprgv$¡ bTy Ny h® pf Bdpd lky _¥ (A.k.) d¡
`Z MpÓu Ap`u R>.¡ Bdpd¡ lk_ (A.k.) d¡ Z
cgpdZ L$f¡ R>.¡ fkg| ¡ Mvy $p (k.A.h.) A¡ Ap
qTepfs Aduê$g dpAœ¡ d_¡ u_ (A.k.) _¡ ApS>
MpÓu kp\¡ L$lg¡ R>.¡ Ap qTepfs "gpl¥ ¡ dl¡ aT| '_p¡
s¡ cpN R>¡ S>¡ rS>bB° g¡ fkg| ¡ Mvy $p (A.k.h.)_p
D`f Ålf¡ L$fu.
Ae kahp_ ! A‰pl (ky.h.s.) A¡ L$kd
Mp^u R>¡ L$¡ S>¡ dpfp v$pv$p (Bdpd lyk¥_
(A.k.))_u qTepfs v|$f \u X$i¡ A_¡ R>u lp\
bg„v$ L$fu_¡ vy$Ap dp„Ni¡ sp¡ A‰pl (ky.h.s.)
31
buÆ A¡L$ ApfS|>
A_y¾$drZL$p
s¡_u vy$Ap L$b|g L$fi¡. Ap qTepfs_p \L$u s¡_p
b„v$p D`f dpeyku A_¡ lspip _l] R>hpe. A‰pl
(ky.h.s.) s¡_¡ S>ßs _kub L$fi¡ A_¡ v$p¡TM_u
ApN\u bQphu g¡i¡. s¡_p¡ v$fˆ$p¡ KQp¡ \i¡ S>¡\u
s¡_¡ "iapAs'_p¡ lL$ fp¡T¡ dl¡if_p dmi¡. Ae
kahp_ ! Bdpd lyk¥_ (A.k.)_u qTepfs `X$hu
A¡V$g¡ A‰pl (ky.h.s.)_u qTepfs Ai® `f
`Y$hp bfpbf R>¡.' - (rblpê$g A_hpf)
qTepfs¡ Api|fp S>¡V$gu bfL$shpmu R>¡
A¡V$gu S> kdS>hp gpeL$ R>¡. Ap`Zu L$d_kubu
R>¡ L$¡ Ap`Z¡ Ål¡f iåv$p¡ S> DÃQpfuA¡ R>uA¡ Z
Ap iåv$p¡ `pR>m sÐhop__p dp¡suAp¡ R>¡ s¡ sfa
Ýep_ _\u Ap`sp.
dlÒh_u bpbsp¡ S>¡_p sfa qTepfs¡ Api|fpA¡
32
dp¥s_p aqfísp (dg¡Ly$g dp¥s) kp\¡ hpsQus
A_y¾$drZL$p
âL$pi p\ep£ R>¡.
Bdpd lyk¥_ (A.k.) d¡ Bbpv$s s\p
`fl¡TNpfu \L$u A‰pl$ (ky.h.s.) `pk¡ A¡V$gy„
KQy õ\p_ âpá L$ey¯ R>¡ L$¡ s¡d_¡ "Abp Aqåv$‰pl'
(Myv$p_p b„v$p_p r`sp) _p¡ rMspb dýep¡ R>¡.
Bdpd lyk¥_ (A.k.) L$¡ S>¡Ap¡, fk|g¡ Myv$p
(k.A.h.) Aduê$g dp¡œAd¡_u_ (A.k.) A_¡
S>_pb¡ aps¡dp T¡lfp (A.k.)_p afT„v$ R>¡. ApS>
kN`Z_¡ gu^¡ Tprgdp¡ `f¡ip_ lsp.
(iapDk kp¡vy$f)
Bdpd lyk¥_ (A.k.)_u dykubsp¡ s\p
vy$:Mp¡_u vy$r_epdp„ L$p¡B rdkpg _\u.
Bdpd lyk¥_ (A.k.) s\p A¡lg¡b¥s_p
L$prsgp¡\u b¡Tpfu L$fhu dTlb_p Dk|gp¡dp„ 33
dp¥s_p aqfísp (dg¡Ly$g dp¥s) kp\¡ hpsQus
A_y¾$drZL$p
ipdug R>¡.
Å¡ L$p¡B dpZk Ýep_\u rhQpf L$f¡ sp¡
qTepfs¡ Api|fpdp„ OZu KX$u Akfp¡ R>¡. Å¡ L$p¡B
qTepfsdp„ bsph¡g _kulsp¡ `f bfpbf Adg
L$f¡ sp¡ s¡_¡ _Ås dmi¡, lL$uL$s kdS>dp„ Aphi¡
A_¡ AL$uv$p¡ dS>b|s \i¡. Ap qTepfs dpZk_¡
kpfp A_¡ _fkp hÃQ¡ saphs L$fhpdp„ dv$v$ L$fi¡
A_¡ lL$ A_¡ bprsgdp„ saphs L$fhp dpV$¡ dp`v„$X$
sfuL$¡ L$pd Aphi¡. A¡lg¡b¥s (A.k.)_p vy$íd_p¡
_¡ v|$f L$fhp_p¡ Ap kpfpdp„ kpfp¡ Tfuep¡ R>¡.
ApS> L$pfZ R>¡ L$¡ A¡lg¡b¥s (A.k.)_p
vy$íd_p¡A¡ Ap qTepfs_¡ bfbpv$ L$fhp_u L$p¡riip¡
L$fu R>¡. Ðep„ ky^u L$¡ i¡M s|ku (f.A.) S>¡hp dil|f
Apqgd_¡ Z l¡fp_ L$fhpdp„ Apìep L$pfZ L$¡ s¡Ap¡
34
dp¥s_p aqfísp (dg¡Ly$g dp¥s) kp\¡ hpsQus
A_y¾$drZL$p
qTepfs¡ Api|fp Y$hp dp„Nsp lsp.
qTepfs¡ Api|fp_u A„v$f vy$r_ep A_¡
ApM¡fs_p gpcp¡ kdpA¡gp R>¡.
Bdpd S>œAaf kpqv$L$ (A.k.) \u qfhpes
R>¡ L$¡ :
"Ae kahp_ ! Äepf¡ L$p¡B dykubsdp„
akpB ÅAp¡ sp¡ s¡ dykubs v|$f L$fhp dpV$¡ Ap'dpg¡
Api|fp \L$u Bdpd lyk¥_ (A.k.) _u dv$v$ dp„Np¡.
A‰pl (ky.h.s.) A¡ qTepfs \L$u dp„Nhpdp„
Aph¡g vy$Ap L$b|g L$fhp_u L$kd Mp^u R>¡ A_¡
Myv$p `p¡sp_p hQ_\u L$v$u afsp¡ _\u. Nd¡ s¡hu
k¿s sL$guap¡ s\p dykubsp¡ lp¡e sp¡ Å¡ kss 40
qv$hk ky^u qTepfs¡ Api|fp `Y$hpdp„ Aph¡ sp¡ s¡
sL$guap¡ A_¡ dykubsp¡ v|$f \pe R>¡.
35
hguA¡ Aö dpV$¡ qTepfs¡ Api|fp `Y$hu
A_y¾$drZL$p
dpZp¡kp¡_p A_ychp¡ f\u kprbs \pe R>¡
L$¡ Ap qfhpes kpQu R>¡. Ap qL$spbdp„ \p¡X$p OZp„
A¡hp A_ychp¡ fS|> L$fhp_u L$p¡rii L$fu R>¡. S>¡\u
L$p„B i„L$p lp¡e sp¡ v|$f \B Åe.
dil|f riep Aprgdp¡ Ap qTepfs l„d¡ip
`Y$sp lsp. Ap qTepfs `Y$hp\u s¡Ap¡_¡ Ak„¿e
apev$pAp¡ \pe R>¡ A_¡ dykubs_p hMs¡ s¡Ap¡A¡
Ap qTepfs_p¡ klpfp¡ gu^p¡ R>¡.
Ap qTepfs_¡ gNsp kpQp õhà_pAp¡ s\p
crhóehpZu\u qTepfs_u aTugsp¡ A_¡ Akfp¡
`yfhpf \pe R>¡. Ap b^p b_php¡ Al] fS|> L$fhp
i¼e _\u S>¡\u \p¡X$p OZp Aphp A_ychp¡ fS|>
L$fuA¡ R>uA¡ S>¡\u A¡lg¡b¥s (A.k.)_p
dp¡lubp¡_¡ Ap qTepfs_u dlÑp kdÅe.
36
ApM¡fs dpV$¡ kpfpdp„ kpê„$ L$pd
A_y¾$drZL$p
(1) àg¡N\u bQph
Ly$d il¡fdp„ Aph¡g "lp¥T¡-Bëduep'_p
õ\p`L$ Apesy‰pl Ag lpS> i¡M Aåvy$g L$fud
lpA¡fu eœTv$u\u qfhpes R>¡ L$¡ "Äepf¡ ly„ kpdfp®_p
lp¡T¡ Bëduepdp„ Y$sp¡ lsp¡ Ðepf¡ il¡fdp„ fp¡NQpmp¡
apV$u _uL$ýep¡ A_¡ OZp gp¡L$p¡ s¡_p riL$pf \B Nep.
A¡L$ qv$hk Adp¡ b^p rhÛp\}Ap¡ Adpfp Dõspv$
Apesy‰pl k¥ev$ dp¡lçdv$ raipfL$u (f.A.)_p Of¡
S>dp \ep. Ðep„sp¡ AQp_L$ Apesy‰pl rdTp®
dp¡lçdv$ sL$u (f.A.) Ðep„ Aphu QX$ep. R>u Ðep„
fp¡NQpmp rhj¡ QQp® iê$ \B A_¡ S>¡ fus¡ fp¡S>
dpZkp¡ dfu füp lsp s¡ Å¡sp„ b^y S>ëv$u ApMy
il¡f Ap fp¡NQpmpdp„ Msd \B S>i¡ A¡hy„ gpNsy„
lsy„. Ap QQp®_u hÃQ¡ Apesy‰pl raipfL$u
37
_kubv$pf bp_y
A_y¾$drZL$p
(f.A.) Dcp \ep A_¡ |R>¹ey„, "iy„ sdp¡ b^p d_¡
dyS>sl¡v$ dp_p¡ R>p¡? sp¡ `R>u Å¡ ly„ lyL$d Ap`y„ sp¡
sdp¡ s¡_p D`f Adg L$fip¡?' Adp¡ b^pA¡
cpf`|h®L$ S>hpb Apàep¡, "lp, b¡iL$ sdp¡
dyS>sl¡v$ R>p¡.' R>u Apesy‰pl raipfL$uA¡ Adp¡_¡
k„bp¡^u_¡ Ål¡f L$ey¯ L$¡ "ly„ kpdfp®_p riepAp¡_¡ lyL$d
L$ê„$ Ry„> L$¡ s¡Ap¡ v$k qv$hk ky^u fp¡S> qTepfs¡
Api|fp `Y$¡, `R>u qTepfs_p¡ khpb Bdpd¡
Tdp_p (A.k.) (Adpfu Å_p¡ s¡d_p D`f
Ly$fbp_) _u dpsp S>_pb¡ _fÆk Mps|_
(k.A.)_¡ lqv$ep¡ L$f¡. `R>u s¡ dp¡lsfdp_¡ AfS>
L$f¡ L$¡ Adpfp¡ lpg Ap`_p afT„v$ lTfs hgueyg
Aö_¡ fS|> L$f¡ S>¡\u s¡Ap¡ Ap bgp\u Ap`_¡
bQph¡.'
38
_kubv$pf bp_y
A_y¾$drZL$p
Apesy‰pl raipfL$uA¡ ApNm bp¡gsp
S>Zpìey„ L$¡ "S>¡ L$p¡B qTepfs¡ Api|fp `Y$i¡ sp¡ ly„
MpÓu Ap`y„ Ry„> L$¡ s¡ Ap àg¡N\u bQu S>i¡.' Ap
rS„>v$Nu s\p dp¥s_p¡ khpg lsp¡ s¡\u b^p
riepAp¡A¡ Apesy‰pl raipfL$u_p¡ lyL$d dpÞe
fp¿ep¡ A_¡ qTepfs `Y$hp gpÁep. qTepfs_p
`Y$hp\u dp¡ArS>Tp S>¡hy„ \ey„. àg¡N$ idu Nep¡ A_¡
dp¡œAd¡_u_ bQu Nep. `Z s¡_u Akf a¼s
riepAp¡ ky^u S> kurds flu. L$pfZ L$¡ fp¡S>
kyßuAp¡ dfsp L$pfZ L$¡ s¡Ap¡ `pk¡ Ap budpfu_p¡
L$p¡B BgpS> _ lsp¡, \p¡X$p hMs `R>u, s¡Ap¡_¡
kdS>dp„ Apìey„ L$¡ Ap budpfu\u a¼s s¡Ap¡_u
L$p¥d_p S> dpZkp¡ dfu füp R>¡, Äepf¡ riepAp¡
bQu Nep R>¡. `p¡sp_u ifd]v$Nu Ry>`phhp dpV$¡
39
_kubv$pf bp_y
A_y¾$drZL$p
s¡Ap¡ dÝefpÓ¡ dfZ `pd¡gpAp¡_¡ v$a_phhp
gpÁep. Äepf¡ A¡L$ kyßuA¡ riep\u s`pk L$fu Å¡
ÅZhp dýey„ L$¡ Ap Akf qTepfs¡ Api|fp_u lsu.
Ðepf `R>u kyßuAp¡ `Z qTepfs¡ Api|fp `Y$hp
gpÁep A_¡ Ap qTepfs_u QdÐL$pfuL$ Akf
s¡Ap¡_¡ `Z \hp gpNu. s¡Ap¡ `Z Ap budpfu\u
bQhp gpÁep. R>u sp¡ AdyL$ kyßu cpBAp¡ Bdpd¡
Agu _L$u (A.k.) s\p Bdpd¡ lk_¡ AõL$fu
(A.k.)_p fp¡Tp dybpfL$_u qTepfs `Z L$fhp
gpÁep A_¡ s¡Ap¡A¡ L$b|g L$ey¯ L$¡ "Adp¡ s¡S>
qTepfs¡ `Y$uA¡ R>uA¡ S>¡ riepAp¡ `Y$¡ R>¡.' i¡M
Aåvy$g L$fud¡ (f.A.) Å¡ey„ L$¡ Ap qTepfs
`Y$hp\u riep s\p kyßu bß¡ aufL$p_p gp¡L$p¡ fp¡N\u
bQhp gpÁep.
40
....Adp¡ sdpfp L$pep£\u Nprag _\u
A_y¾$drZL$p
(2) buÅ¡ QdÐL$pfuL$ b_ph
Apesy‰pl v$õsN¥b (f.A.) A¡ ApL$p
afuv$ (S>¡Ap¡ s¡lfp__p Aprgdp¡dp„\u lsp) _p¡
A¡L$ L$uõkp¡ _L$g L$ep£ R>¡. ApL$p afuv$¡ L$üy„ L$¡, "A¡L$
hMs ly„ bly S> Mfpb qõ\rsdp„ akpB Nep¡ lsp¡
Ðepf¡ d_¡ s¡ qTepfs L$¡ S>¡ Mpk kpdfp®_p
fl¡hpkuAp¡ dpV$¡ R>¡ s¡ Y$hp_y„ epv$ Apìey„. ly„ l¡gu
dp¡lf®d\u Ap qTepfs `Y$hp_y„ iê$ L$ey¯. d_¡
AQ„bp¡ \ep¡ L$¡ ApW$ dp¡lf®d ky^udp„ sp¡ dpfu
sL$guap¡ v|$f \B A_¡ dpfu qõ\rs ky^fu NB.
(qL$spb¡ v$põsp_lpA¡ iNyasp, `p.494,
lv$uèesyT TpBf, `p.164, Ag L$gpd eSy>ê®$g
L$gpd _„. 1, p. 54)
41
N¥bu dv$v$
A_y¾$drZL$p
(3) fp¡Tu_p¡ Ådu_
iM¥ Aåv$yg S>hpv$ lpAf¡ u dpTÞv$fp_u \u
d_L$|g R>¡ L$¡ "AL¡ $ hMs, AL¡ $ dpZk S>d¡ _„ y _pd iM¥
T_¥ gy Apbv¡ $u_ dpTÞv$fp_u ls„ y sd¡ _u `pk¡ Apìep¡
A_¡ `ps¡ p_u Nfubu A_¡ fpT¡ u_u sN„ u bpbs
Aakpk¡ L$fhp gpÁep.¡ iM¥ ¡ s_¡ ¡ kgpl Ap`u L$¡
"ke¥ v$yíipl¡ v$p (A.k.)_p fpT¡ p dby pfL$ f Å A_¡
Ðep„ qTepfs¡ Apif| p Y$. Ðepf R>u Å¡ spfu qõ\rs
_ bv$gpe sp¡ dpfu pk¡ AphS>.¡ ' \pX¡ $p hMs R>u
Äepf¡ iM¥ _u s¡ i¿k kp\¡ dgy pL$ps \B sp¡ s¡ i¿k¡
Lü„ y L$¡ "l„ y Äepf¡ qTepfs Y$hpdp„ diNg| lsp¡ Ðepf¡
AL¡ $ dpZk dpfu pk¡ Apìep¡ A_¡ d_¡ k¥ p Ap`u_¡
Qpëep¡ Nep.¡ lh,¡ Mvy $p_p aTgp¡ L$fd\u dpfu
sL$guap¡ v$|f \B NB R>.¡ ' (sTL$f¡ pA¡ TpAf¡ u_)
42
qTepfs¡ Api|fp_p¡ `X$v$p¡
A_y¾$drZL$p
(4) L$pi, ly„ fp¡S> qTepfs¡ Api|fp Y$sp¡
lp¡s
i¡M Aåvy$g lpv$u lpA¡fu dpTÞv$fp_uA¡
s¡Ap¡_p hprgv$¡ byTyN®hpf Abyg lk_
dpTÞv$fp_u_p lhpgp\u L$l¡ R>¡ L$¡ "A¡L$ hMs d¢
rdTp® Agu_L$u sbpsbpB_¡ k`_pdp„ Å¡ep. d¢
A¡d_¡ `|R>¹ey„ "sd_¡ L$p¡B QuS>_p¡ Aakp¡k R>¡?'
s¡dZ¡ S>hpb Apàep¡, lp, d_¡ Aakp¡k R>¡ L$¡ ly„
fp¡S> qTepfs¡ Api|fp _lp¡sp¡ Y$sp¡.'
(sTL$¡fpA¡ TpA¡fu_)
(5) dp¡s_u kp\¡ gX$s
Apesy‰pl _S>au L$p¡Qp_u (f.A.)
s¡Ap¡_u hMs_p A¡L$ blyS> kpfp Aprgd lsp
A_¡ dy‰p ApMy„v$ Myfpkp_u_p blyS> lp¢riepf
43
c|gpB Ne¡g dp_sp
A_y¾$drZL$p
rhÛp\} lsp. Apesy‰pl _S>au L$p¡Qp_u (f.A.),
Äepf¡ s¡Ap¡ Bkalp__p lp¥T¡ Bëduepdp„ `Y$sp
lsp, Ðepf¡ s¡Ap¡A¡ A¡L$ k`_y„ Å¡ey„. "s¡Ap¡A¡
dp¥s_¡ A¡L$ Npe_p hpR>fX$p_p ê$`dp„ Å¡ey„. s¡
hpR>fX$p_¡ ÓZ-Qpf bpmL$p¡ hmNu füp lsp. Ap
bpmL$p¡ dpfp Of ApNm\u `kpf \B füp lsp.
s¡dp„\u A¡L$ bpmL$ dpfp Of_u v$uhpg `f Aphu_¡
b¡ku Nep¡.' Ap õhà_ blyS> AQfS> `dpX$¡ s¡hy„
lsy„. Ap k`_p_u spbuf ÅZhp dpV$¡ Apesy‰pl
_S>auA¡ s¡Ap¡_p r`spîu_¡ `Ó g¿ep¡ S>¡dp„
s¡Ap¡A¡ ApMy õhà_ gMu S>Zpìey„. `Ódp„ R>¡hV$¡
s¡Ap¡A¡ r`spîu_¡ rh_„su L$fu L$¡ s¡Ap¡_u s„vy$fõsu
bpbs S>¡d b_¡ s¡d S>ëv$u ÅZ L$f¡. Apesy‰p
_S>au (f.A.)_p¡ `Ó lSy> fõspdp„S> lsp¡ Ðep„
s¡d_¡ s¡Ap¡_p hprgv$¡ byTyN®hpf_p¡ Ó dýep¡ S>¡dp„ 44
c|gpB Ne¡g dp_sp
A_y¾$drZL$p
g¿ey„ lsy„ L$¡ Apesy‰pl _S>au (f.A.)_u hpg¡v$p
Ap ap_u vy$r_ep R>p¡X$u l„d¡ip_p Of sfa Qpëep
Nep R>¡. s¡ Ódp„ buSy„> A¡ Z g¿ey„ lsy„ L$¡ s¡ZuA¡
Bdpd lyk¥_ (A.k.)_u qTepfs dpV$¡ 12
sydp__p¡ L$fÅ¡ gu^p¡ lsp¡ AÐepf¡ h^u_¡ 80 sydp_
S>¡V$gp¡ \B Nep¡ R>¡.
Apesy‰pl _S>au gM¡ R>¡ L$¡ dpfp r`spîu A¡V$gp Nfub lsp L$¡ Å¡ s¡Ap¡ p¡sp_u sdpd QuS> hõsy h¡Qu _pM¡ sp¡ `Z Ap L$fS> Q|L$hu iL$¡ _l]. Ðepf¡ d¢ _½$u L$ey¯ L$¡ Ap L$fS>_u Q|L$hZu dpV$¡ Bõalp__u dqõS>v$dp„ ly„ 40 qv$hk ky^u qTepfs¡ Api|fp `X$ui. ly„ Thpg_p b¡ L$gpL$ `l¡gp² qTepfs Y$hp_y„ iê$ L$fsp¡ lsp¡ A_¡ Thpg l¡gp `|ê„$ L$fsp¡ lsp¡. d¢ Ap âZpguL$p 40 qv$hk ky^u bfpbf L$fu. d¢ `pL$ `fhfqv$Npf `pk¡ dpfp
45
Ofdp„ fp¡i_u
A_y¾$drZL$p
r`spîu_p L$fS>_u Q|L$hZu dpV$¡ vyAp dp„„Nu A_¡ kp\¡ kp\¡ b¡ rh_„su L$fu. dpfu `l¡gu rh_„su A‰pl (ky.h.s.) \u A¡ lsu L$¡ d_¡ dyS>sluv$_p¡ v$fˆ$p¡ Asp L$f¡ A_¡ buÆ rh_„su A¡ lsu L$¡ L$epds_p qv$hk¡ d_¡ iapAs\u dlê$d _ fpM¡.
d¡„ qTepfs `Y$hp_y„ iê$ L$ey¯ s¡_¡ A¡L$
drl_p¡ `Z `|fp¡ \ep¡ _ lsp¡ Ðep„ d_¡ dpfp
r`spîu_p¡ Ó dýep¡ S>¡dp„ g¿ey„ lsy„ L$¡ Bdpd d|kp
L$pqTd (A.k.)_p sya¡g\u s¡ L$fÅ¡ Q|L$hpB Nep¡
R>¡. d¢ dpfp r`spîu_¡ S>hpbdp„ g¿ey„ L$¡ "s¡d_¡
Bdpd¡ d|kp L$pqTd (A.k.) sfa\u dv$v$ _\u
dmu `Z Ap dv$v$ kèevy$iip¡lv$p Bdpd¡ lyk¥_
(A.k.)\u dmu R>¡. Å¡ L$¡ v$f¡L$ ABçdp s¡S> _|f\u
`¥v$p \e¡g R>¡.
46
kgpl
A_y¾$drZL$p
\p¡X$p hMs_p kyM Q¡_ A_¡ fpls `R>u ly„
`pR>p¡ A¡L$ L$ap¡X$u qõ\rsdp„ d|L$pB Nep¡, `Z
qTepfs \L$u \sp QdÐL$pfuL$ gpcp¡_p dpfp
A_ychp¡\u dpfp¡ rhðpk h^y dS>b|s \B Nep¡
lsp¡. afu `pRy„> d¢ _½$u L$ey¯ L$¡ ly„ Ap qTepfs 40
qv$hk ky^u `Y$ui. Ap qTepfs `Y$hp_y„ d¢ s¡S>
Å¡i A_¡ Mygyk kp\¡ dp¡lf®ddp„ iê$ L$ey¯. Qpguk
qv$hk |fp \ep R>u d_¡ A¡L$ k`_y„ Apìey„ S>¡dp„ d¢
dpfu lpS>sp¡, S>¡_p dpV$¡ d¡ qTepfs Y$hp_y„ iê$ L$ey¯
lsy„ s¡ `|fu \sp Å¡B. Äepf¡ ly„ ÅÁep¡ sp¡ dpfp
k„sp¡j A_¡ Myiu_u L$p¡B kudp _ lsu.
(6) buÆ A¡L$ ApfS|>
Apesy‰pl _S>au L$p¡Qp_u \u d_L|$g R>¡ L$¡
"qTepfs¡ Api|fp_p dpfp Bõalp_dp„ \e¡g b¡
47
fp¡NQpmp¡
A_y¾$drZL$p
A_ychp¡\u ly„ OZp¡ S> âcprhs \ep¡ lsp¡.
rTepfs D`f_p¡ dpfp¡ rhðpk A_¡L$ OZp¡ h^u
Nep¡ lsp¡. s¡\u Äepf¡ ly„ _S>a¡ Aifadp„ v$pMg
\ep¡ sp¡ l¡gp iy¾$hpf\u S> d¢ qTepfs Y$hp_y„ iê$
L$fu v$u^y„. dpfu aL$s A¡L$ S> ApfS|> lsu L$¡ Bdpd
(A.k.)_y„ ApNd_ (Ap`Zu Å_ s¡Ap¡ D`f
Ly$fbp_) A_¡ s¡d_p Av$gp¡ - BÞkpa\u cf¡g
fpS>dp„ ilpv$s pdy„. Ap bß¡ sdßpAp¡ dpfp Mfp
qv$g\u lsu A¡V$g¡ ly„ v$f¡L$ Mfpb QuS>\u v|$f fl¡hp
gpÁep¡. ly„ Of¡ lp¡J A\hp Of\u v|$f lp¡J, hfk_p
40 iy¾$hpf ly„ qTepfs¡ Api|fp AQ|L$ Y$sp¡ lsp¡.
dpfp Bdpd (A.k.) âÐe¡_p¡ gNph A_¡ gpNZu
dpV$¡ ly„ Myv$p_p¡ iy¾$NyTpf Ry„>. A‰pl Nhpl R>¡ L$¡ d_¡
Bdpd (A.k.) âÐe¡ A_lv$ àepf R>¡ A_¡ Aëgpl
48
d|„ThZdp„ `X$¡gp¡ dykpaf
A_y¾$drZL$p
(ky.h.s.) `pk¡ ly„ vy$Ap dp„Ny Ry> L$¡ d_¡ Bdpd
(A.k.) _u rMv$ds_u sp¥auL$ Asp afdph¡.
(7) dp¥s_p aqfísp (dg¡Ly$g dp¥s) kp\¡
hpsQus
dp¡lçdv$ S>hpv$ rb_ i¡M dil|f (f.A.)
_S>a_p bly S> dp¡V$p rhÜp_p¡dp„\u A¡L$ lsp. s¡Ap¡
Aduê$g dp¡œAd¡_u_ (A.k.)_p fp¡Tp dybpfL$_u
k¡l__p S>dps _dpT_p `¡i Bdpd lsp. rlS>fu
k_ 1337dp„ 90 hfk_u Jdf¡ s¡Ap¡ NyS>fu
Nep. A_¡ s¡Ap¡_¡ Aduê$g dp¡œAd¡_u_ (A.k.)_p
fp¡Tp_u _S>v$uL$ v$a_ L$fhpdp„ Apìep R>¡.
26 kaf rl.k_ 1336_p i¡M dp¡lçdv$
S>hpv$ (f.A.)A¡ õh`_pdp„ dg¡Ly$g dp¥s_¡ Å¡ep.
kgpd vy$Ap bpv$ s¡Ap¡A¡ dg¡Ly$g dp¥s_¡
49
vy$ApA¡ shõkyg A_¡ qTepfs¡ Api|fp
A_y¾$drZL$p
`|R>¹ey„ "sdp¡ ¼ep„\u Aphu füp R>p¡?'
dg¡Ly$g dp¥s¡ S>hpb Apàep¡ "ly„ iufpT\u
rdTp® dp¡lçdv$ dlgL$u_u ê$l L$åS> L$fu_¡ Aphu
füp¡ Ry„>.'
i¡M¡ `|R>¹ey„, "lh¡ bfTMdp„ s¡Ap¡_u iy„
lpgs R>¡ ?'
dg¡Ly$g dp¥s¡ S>hpb Apàep¡, "s¡Ap¡
bfTM_p ky„v$fdp„ ky„v$f bpNdp„ dyL$pd L$fu füp R>¡
A_¡ Myv$pA¡ s¡Ap¡_u k¡hp dpV$¡ aqfíspAp¡ _udu
v$u^p R>¡.'
i¡M¡ `|R>ey„, "Ap bg„v$ dfsbp¡ s¡Ap¡_p
kpfp L$pep£ \L$u dýep¡ L$¡ s¡Ap¡ S>¡ rhÛp\}Ap¡_¡ v$u_u
spgud Ap`sp lsp s¡ L$pfZ¡ dýep¡.'
dg¡Ly$g dp¥s¡ L$üy„ : "_l], Ap bß¡ L$pfZp¡
50
bl¡_ dpV$¡ MyiMbf
A_y¾$drZL$p
\L$u Z _\u dmep¡.'
i¡M¡ `|R>¹ey„, "Ap ê$Ðbp¡ s¡Ap¡ `¡i-_dpT
lsp A¡V$g¡ dýep¡ L$¡ `R>u s¡Ap¡ A‰pl
(ky.h.s.)_p afdp_p¡_u såguN L$fsp lsp s¡
L$pfZ¡ dýep¡?'
dg¡Ly$g dp¥s¡ L$üy„ : "_l], Ap bß¡
L$pfZp¡ \L$u Z _\u dmep¡.'
i¡M¡ `|R>¹ey„, "sp¡ `R>u s¡Ap¡ A¡hy„ iy„ L$pe®
L$fsp lsp L$¡ S>¡_p L$pfZ¡ s¡Ap¡_¡ A¡V$gy„ KQy õ\p_
dýey„ ?'
dg¡Ly$g dp¥s¡ L$üy„ : "s¡Ap¡_¡ ApV$gy„ KQy
õ\p_ A¡ L$pfZ¡ dýey„ L$¡ s¡Ap¡ qTepfs¡ Api|fp
`Y$sp lsp.
buS>¡ qv$hk¡ i¡M dil|f, Apesy‰pl
51
Bdpd_p¡ Nd
A_y¾$drZL$p
rdTp® dp¡lçdv$ sL$u iufpTu (f.A.)_¡ dmhp Nep
A_¡ Ap AS>b õhà_p_u rhNs L$lu. Apesy‰pl
rdTp® iufpTu A¡ b^y„ Ýep_`|h®L$ kp„cýey„. Äepf¡
i¡M¡ p¡sp_u hps |fu L$fu sp¡ Apesy‰pl iufpTu
^°yõL$¡ ^°yõL$¡ fX$hp gpÁep. Äepf¡ gp¡L$p¡A¡ fX$hp_y„
L$pfZ |R>¹ey„ sp¡ s¡Ap¡A¡ S>hpb Apàep¡ L$¡ ly„ rdTp®
dlgL$u_p dfZ D`f fp¡D Ry„> L$pfZ L$¡ s¡Ap¡
auL$l_p õs„c lsp. sp¡ gp¡L$p¡A¡ L$üy„ L$¡ b_hp Å¡N
R>¡ L$¡ Ap k`_y„ kpQ„y `Z _ lp¡e ! sp¡ Apesy‰pl¡
S>hpb Apàep¡ "Å¡ L$¡ Ap õhà_ S> R>¡ `Z Ap
õhà_ L$p¡B S¡hp s¡hp dpZk¡ _\u Å¡ey„, Ap õhà_
i¡M dil|f¡ Å¡ey„ R>¡.'
buS>¡ S> qv$hk¡ iufpT\u _S>a A¡L$ spf
Apìep¡ S>¡dp„ rdTp® Bb°plud dlgL$u_p dfZ_p
52
X$p¡.dp¡lçdv$ lpv$u (f.A.)_y„ õhàà_
A_y¾$drZL$p
kdpQpf lsp. S>¡\u A¡ yfhpf \pe R>¡ L$¡ Ap õhà_
kpQy„ lsy„.
rhÜp_p¡ S>¡Ap¡ rdTp® Bb°plud dlgL$u_¡
ÅZsp lsp s¡Ap¡ Z L$l¡ R>¡ L$¡ R>¡‰p 30 hfk\u
rdTp® dlguL$u qTepfs¡ Api|fp Y$sp lsp. Äepf¡
L$p¡B v$v®$ A\hp budpfu_p L$pfZ¡ s¡Ap¡ qTepfs _
`Y$u iL$sp sp¡ s¡Ap¡ buÅ L$p¡B_¡ s¡d_p sfa\u
qTepfs `Y$hp dpV$¡ _udsp. dil|f Aprgd dyëL$¡
lyk¥_u iufpTu Z Nhplu Ap`¡ R>¡ L$¡ i¡M Abyg
lk_ lv$pA¡L$¡ (A¡L$ rhÜp_) s¡Ap¡_¡ S>Zpìey„ R>¡ L$¡
Äepf¡ rdTp® Bb°plud dlgL$u budpf `X$¹ep Ðepf¡
s¡Ap¡A¡ i¡M Abyg lk__¡ qTepfs `Y$hp dpV$¡
_uçep lsp.
53
X$p¡.dp¡lçdv$ lpv$u (f.A.)_y„ õhàà_
A_y¾$drZL$p
_S>a_p AdyL$ Aprgdp¡A¡ `Z Ap
b_ph_u rhNs Apesy‰pl k¥ev$ Aåvy$g lpv$u
iufpTu\u kp„cmu R>¡. Apesy‰pl L$l¡sp lsp L$¡
"Äepf¡ i¡M dil|f Ap õhà_ rdTp® dp¡lçdv$ sL$u_¡
bep_ L$fu füp lsp Ðepf¡ ly„ Ðep„ lpS>f lsp¡.' Ap
rkhpe, rdTp® dlgL$u_p afT„v$ kv$ê$v«u_
dlgL$uA¡ Z Ap õhà__u rhNs kp„cmu R>¡.
(qL$spb¡ v$põsp_lpe¡ iNyasp, `p.373)
(8) hguA¡ Aö dpV$¡ qTepfs¡ Api|fp
`Y$hu
"AåL$pfueyg lukp_' _p g¡ML$ i¡M Agu
AL$bf _lph„v$u L$l¡ R>¡ L$¡ k¥ev$ Aldv$¡ `p¡sp_p
g¡Mp¡ d_¡ dp¡L$ëep S>¡dp„ Ap L$uõkp¡ lsp¡. s¡Ap¡ gM¡ 54
X$p¡.dp¡lçdv$ lpv$u (f.A.)_y„ õhàà_
A_y¾$drZL$p
R>¡ L$¡ "ly„ dqõS>v$¡ kl¡gp _p A¡L$ M|Zpdp„ b¡W$p¡ lsp¡.
AQp_L$, Ðep„ A¡L$ k¥ev$ Adpdp A_¡ Abp
`lf¡gp v$pMg \ep. s¡ k¥ev$¡ Qpf¡ sfa Å¡ey„ A_¡
`R>u dpfu sfa Apìep A_¡ L$üy„, "sd¡ fp¡S> khpf¡
Bdpd¡ Tdp_p (A.k.) dpV$¡ qTepfs¡ Api|fp Y$p¡
R>p¡ s¡\u lh¡ sdp¡ sdpfp drl_p_p¡ MQp£ dpfu
`pk¡\u g¡Å¡, S>¡\u sd_¡ buÅ L$p¡B `f Ap^pf
fpMhp_u S>ê$fs _\u.' s¡Ap¡A¡ d_¡ AdyL$ fL$d
Ap`u A_¡ L$üy„, "Ap drl_p dpV$¡ Ap fL$d `yfsu
R>¡.' Ðepf¡ R>u s¡Ap¡ Qpëep Nep. s¡d_u lpS>fudp„
ly„ A¡L$v$d d|„ÅB Nep¡ lsp¡. d_¡ A¡d gpÁey L$¡ ÅZ¡
dpfp N Tdu_ kp\¡ QuV$L$u Nep R>¡. dpfu S>bp_
b„^pB NB A_¡ ly„ L$p„B bp¡gu iL$ep¡ _rl. Äep„ ky^u
s¡Ap¡ Nep Ðep„ ky^u dpfu AphuS> lpgs lsu.
55
dp¡luåb¡ Alg¡b¥s_p kgpd
A_y¾$drZL$p
Ðepf `R>u d¢ Qp¡d¡f Å¡ey„ `Z s¡Ap¡ L$ep„e v$¡Mpep
_lu.
(AåL$pfueyg lukp_, cp.1, `p.113)
(9) ApM¡fs dpV$¡ kpfpdp„ kpê„$ L$pd
i¡M dp¡lçdv$ lyk¥_ AÞkpfu, dil|f
dyS>sl¡v$ i¡M A_kpfu_p S>dpB lsp. i¡M
dp¡lçdv$ lyk¥_ AÞkpfu_¡ OZp qv$L$fpAp¡ lsp
S>¡dp„_p A¡L$ i¡M dyfsyTp b^p_p dpr_sp lsp
A_¡ "ApL$pA¡ i¡M byTyN®' (dp¡V$p i¡M)_p _pd¡
Ap¡mMpsp lsp s¡Ap¡ _S>a_p dp¡V$p Aprgdp¡dp„_p
A¡L$ lsp.
i¡M dyfsyTp_p¡ S>Þd 1289 rl.k.dp„
\e¡g A_¡ kp„`_p L$fX$hp\u 33 hfk_u Ddf¡
s¡Ap¡ NyS>fu Nep lsp. 56
dp¡luåb¡ Alg¡b¥s_p kgpd
A_y¾$drZL$p
i¡M dyfsyTp fp¡S> khpf¡ A_¡ hl¡gu kp„S>¡
(Akf_p hMs¡) qTepfs¡ Api|fp `X$sp lsp.
s¡d_p dfZ `R>u, A¡L$ i¿k¡ s¡Ap¡_¡ õhà_dp„
Å¡ep A_¡ `|Rey„. "sdpfp L$ep L$pe®\u sd_¡ h^ydp„
h^y apev$p¡ \ep¡ R>¡? i¡M (f.A.) A¡ ÓZ hMs
L$üy„, "qTepfs¡ Api|fp, qTepfs¡ Api|fp,
qTepfs¡ Api|fp.'
(qT„v$Np_u, i¿iues¡ i¡M AÞkpfu, S|>_u Aph©qÑ,
`p.330, _hu Aph©qÑ `p.327)
10) _kubv$pf bp_y
AëlpS> dy‰p lk_ eTv$u, _S>a_p dil|f
Aprgdp¡dp„_p A¡L$ lsp. dp¡lçdv$ Agu eTv$u S>¡
blyS> dp¡du_ lsp s¡dZ¡ Ap âk„N AëlpS> dy‰p
lk_ eTv$u_¡ L$üp¡ R>¡. dp¡lçdv$Agu eTv$u fp¡S>
57 A_y¾$drZL$p
fpÓ¡ L$b°õsp_ S>sp lsp S>ep„ _pdp„qL$s Aprgdp¡
v$a_ \ep R>¡. Ðep„ s¡Ap¡ v|$Ap A_¡ Bbpv$sdp„ fps
`kpf L$fsp.
dp¡lçdv$Agu eTv$u_p¡ A¡L$ kp\u lsp¡ S>¡
bQ`Z\u s¡Ap¡_u kp\¡ fl¡sp¡ lsp¡. bß¡ S>hp_
lsp Ðepf¡ A¡L$S> ipmpdp„ cZsp lsp „^pdp„ Z
bß¡ kp\¡¡ lsp A_¡ cpÁe¡S> s¡Ap¡ A¡L$buÅ\u
AgN \ep lsp. `R>u AQp_L$, Ap kp\u NyS>fu
Nep¡ A_¡ s¡_¡ ApNm S>Zph¡g L$b°õsp_dp„ v$a_
L$fhpdp„ Apìep¡. Ap L$b°õsp_dp„ buÅ OZp
`fl¡TNpfp¡ A_¡ dp¡Adu_p¡ v$a_ lsp. Ap kp\u_¡
v$a_ \e¡ A¡L$ drl_p¡ `Z `|fp¡ \ep¡ _ lsp¡ Ðep„
dp¡lçdv$Agu eTv$uA¡ s¡_¡ õhà_dp„ Å¡ep¡. Äepf¡
s¡Z¡ s¡_p kp\u_¡ kpfu qõ\rsdp„ Å¡ep¡ sp¡ `|Rey„,
58
g‚_p¡ âõsph
A_y¾$drZL$p
"sdp¡ Apfpddp„ gpNp¡ R>p¡ Å¡ L$¡ ly„ sdpfp L$pep£\u
hpL$ua Ry„> S>¡_p rlkpb¡ sd_¡ vy$:Mv$ ATpb dmhp¡
Å¡BA¡. sp¡ Ap fpls A_¡ Apfpd_y„ L$pfZ iy„ R>¡?'
s¡_p kp\uA¡ S>hpb Apàep¡, "lp, b¡iL$
sdp¡ kpQp R>p¡. NB L$pg ky^u v$v®$_pL$ ATpb
cp¡Nhu füp¡ lsp¡ `Z A¡L$ A¡hp¡ b_ph bÞep¡ L$¡
S>¡\u dpfu qõ\rs sd¡ Sy>hp¡ R>p¡ s¡d bv$gpB NB.
Aifa gylpf_u buhu_p¡ BÞs¡L$pg \ep¡ R>¡ A_¡
s¡Zu_¡ Al] v$a_ L$fhpdp„ Aphu R>¡. (s¡ v$a_
\ep_u S>Áep sfa Bipfp¡ L$f¡ R>¡ S>¡ gNcN 100
ayV$ v|$f R>¡) Ap bp_y_p v$a_ \ep `R>u kèevy$i
ip¡lv$p, Bdpd lyk¥_ (A.k.) s¡Zu_u L$bf `f
Apìep A_¡ L$bf D`f\u ATpb v|$f L$fhp_p¡ lyL$d
Apàep¡. S>¡\u Bdpd (A.k.)_u riapfui\u
59
dyv$p®Ap¡_u Bv$
A_y¾$drZL$p
s¡Zu_p¡ ATpb v|$f \ep¡ A_¡ d_¡ `Z ATpb\u
_Ås dmu.'
dp¡lçdv$Agu eTv$u L$l¡ R>¡ L$¡, "Äepf¡ ly„
Ap rhrQÓ õhà_dp„\u ÅÁep¡ sp¡ ly„ syf„s gylpf_u
bÅfdp„ S>hp dpV$¡ _uL$ýep¡. d_¡ s¡ bÅf_u S>Áep
Mbf lsu _lu. R>¡hV$¡ bly s`pk L$ep® `R>u d¢ s¡
S>Áep ip¡^u L$pY$u. ly„ Dõspv$ Aifa_p Of¡ lp¢Ãep¡
A_¡ `|R>¹ey„, "iy„ sdpfp Of_u L$p¡B bp_y ldZp„
dfZ pdu R>¡?' s¡dZ¡ S>hpb Apàep¡, "lp, Ad¡
NB L$pg¡S> s¡Zu_¡ v$a_ L$fu Apìep.' `R>u d¢
`|R>ey, "iy„ s¡Zu_¡ Bdpd lyk¥_ (A.k.)_p fp¡Tp_u
qTepfs _kub \B lsu?' Dõspv$¡ L$üy„, "_lu.' d¡
`|R>ey„, "iy„ s¡Zu Bdpd lyk¥_ (A.k.)_p vy$:M s\p
sL$guap¡_u QQp® L$fsu lsu A\hp iy„ s¡Zu
60
dyv$p®Ap¡_u Bv$
A_y¾$drZL$p
dS>rgk L$fsu lsu S>¡dp„ Bdpd (A.k.)_u
dykubsp¡ bep_ \su lsu?' Dõspv$¡ L$üy„, "_lu.'
Ap b^p khpgp¡\u Dõspv$ Aifa d|„TpB Nep
A_¡ `|R>ey„, "d_¡ kdS>dp„ _\u Aphsy„. Ap b^p
khpgp¡\u sdp¡ iy„ kprbs L$fhp dp„Np¡ R>p¡?' `R>u
d¢ dpê„$ ApMy õhà_ s¡d_¡ L$üy„. Äepf¡ dpfu hps
`|fu \B sp¡ s¡dZ¡ L$üy„, "d_¡ gpN¡ R>¡ L$¡ d_¡ L$pfZ
Mbf R>¡. rS„>v$Nu_p R>¡hV$_p qv$hkp¡dp„ dpfu Ð_u
fp¡S> qTepfs¡ Api|fp Y$su lsu A_¡ Ap qTepfs
`Y$hp_y„ S> qfZpd R>¡.'
Ap L$bf_u dlÒhsp_p gu^¡, AMy„v$
L$fbpku, S>¡ dp¡V$p Aprgd lsp s¡dZ¡ hrkes L$fu
lsu s¡d_¡ Ap bp_y_u _S>v$uL$ v$a_ L$fhpdp„ Aph¡
A_¡ hrkes dyS>b s¡Ap¡_¡ s¡ bp_y_u _S>v$uL$ v$a_
61
dyv$p®Ap¡_u Bv$
A_y¾$drZL$p
L$fhpdp„ Apìep R>¡.
(11) "..... Adp¡ sdpfp L$pep£\u Nprag
_\u.'
A¡L$ dil|f Aprgd¡ _uQ¡ S>Zph¡g âk„N
`p¡sp_u X$pefudp„ gM¡g R>¡ : -
A¡L$ fpÓ¡ d¢ A¡L$ õhà_ Å¡ey„, S>¡_p„ d_¡
Bkalp__p A¡L$ Bˆ$sv$pf i¿k_u vy$L$p_¡ 45 lÅf
sydp_ Ap`hp_p¡ lyL$d lsp¡. (AdyL$ L$pfZp¡kf d¢
Ap i¿k_y„ _pd _\u Apàey„.) Sepf¡ ly„ ÅÁep¡, sp¡
ly„ d|„ThZdp„ `X$¹ep¡ L$¡ Ap õhà_ `°dpZ¡ L$fhy„ L$¡
_lu. buSy„> dpfu pk¡ ApV$gp b^p ¥kp R>¡ L$¡ _rl
s¡ `Z d_¡ Mbf _ lsu. R>sp„ Äepf¡ ly„ `¥kp
NZhp b¡W$p¡, Ðepf¡ d_¡ AQ„bp¡ \ep¡ L$¡ dpfu `pk¡
bfpbf 45 lÅf sydp_ S> R>¡ !
62
dykubsp¡
A_y¾$drZL$p
s¡\u d¢ vy$L$p_¡ SB_¡ `¥kp Ap`hp_p¡ r_Z®e
L$ep£. Äepf¡ ly„ s¡ vy$L$p_¡ `lp¢Ãep¡ sp¡ d_¡ AQfS>
\ey„, L$pfZ L$¡ s¡ Ðep„_p _pdp„qL$s dpZkp¡dp„_p¡ A¡L$
lsp¡ A_¡ ly„ s¡_¡ Ap¡mMsp¡ lsp¡. s¡ vy$L$p_dp„ buÅ
`Z b¡ dpZkp¡ lsp s¡\u d¢ s¡_¡ bpSy>`f bp¡gpìep¡
A_¡ s¡_p L$p_dp„ L$üy„ L$¡ d_¡ sdpê„$ S>ê$fu L$pd R>¡. ly„
s¡_¡ bpSy>_u dqõS>v$dp„ gB Nep¡. dqõv$dp„
QZsf_y„ L$pd Qpgy lsy„ A_¡ AdyL$ dS|>fp¡ L$pd L$fu
füp lsp. s¡\u ly„ s¡_¡ "hfÞX$p'dp„ gB Nep¡ A_¡
`|R>¹ey„, "sd_¡ iy„ sL$gua R>¡ s¡ S>Zphp¡ S>¡\u ly„
sdpfu dv$v$ L$fu iLy„$.' s¡Z¡ L„$B Z L$l¡hp_p¡ BÞL$pf
L$ep£. d¢ afu v$bpZ L$ey¯ `Z s¡ L$p„B bp¡ëep¡ _l].
R>¡hV$¡ d¢ 45 lÅf sydp_ s¡_¡ Ap`u v$u^p Z s¡_¡
d¢ L$üy„ _l] L$¡ L$¡V$gp sydp_ R>¡, Äepf¡ d¢ s¡_¡ `¥kp
63
dykubsp¡
A_y¾$drZL$p
Apàep sp¡ s¡ Å¡fÅ¡f\u fX$hp gpÁep¡ A_¡ L$üy„,
"dpfp D`f 45 lÅf sydp__p¡ L$fÅ¡ R>¡. d¢ 40
qv$hk qTepfs¡ Api|fp `X$hp_u L$kd Mp^u R>¡
A_¡ ApS>¡ s¡_p¡ R>¡‰p¡ qv$hk R>¡.'
(12) N¥bu dv$v$
dil|f Aprgd k¥ev$ kpqv$L$ ê$lp_u gM¡ R>¡
L$¡, "A¡L$ byTyN® dpZk dpfu `pk¡ Apìep L$f¡ R>¡
A_¡ hpsQus v$frdep_ AdyL$ ApNpluAp¡ L$f¡ R>¡
S>¡ hMs S>sp„ kpQu kprbs \pe R>¡. R>¡hV$¡
dpfp\u _ fl¡hpey„ A_¡ d¢ s¡_¡ `|R>ey„, sdp¡ Ap
ApNpluAp¡ iy„ rlkpb¡ L$fp¡ R>p¡? sdpfu
ApNpluAp¡ b^u kpQu L$¡d `X$¡ R>¡?' s¡Z¡ S>hpb
Apàep¡, "A¡L$ blyS> TBa dpZk dpfu pk¡ Aph¡
R>¡ A_¡ Ap b^u ApNpluAp¡ d_¡ S>Zph¡ R>¡. A¡L$
64
dykubsp¡
A_y¾$drZL$p
qv$hk s¡ TBa dpZk¡ d_¡ L$üy„, "sd_¡ Mbf R>¡ ly„
sd_¡ Ap ApNpluAp¡ L$¡d S>Zphy„ Ry„>? L$pfZ L$¡
sdp¡ fp¡S> kèevy$i ip¡lv$p Bdpd lyk¥_ (A.k.)_u
qTepfs `Y$p¡ R>p¡.' k¥ev$ kpqv$L$ ê$lp_u `pk¡ S>¡
byY$p¡ i¿k Aphsp¡ lsp¡ s¡Z¡ L$üy„, "ly„ fp¡S>
dÝefpqÓA¡ DWy$ Ry>„ A_¡ qL$ågp sfa dp¡Yy„$ L$fu
qTepfs¡ Api|fp `Yy„$ Ry„> S>¡dp„ gp_s A_¡ kgpd
100-100 hMs Yy„$ Ry„>.'
(13) qTepfs¡ Api|fp_p¡ X$v$p¡
_Bd il¡fdp„ dpfu dygpL$ps A¡L$ rhÜp_
Aprgd kp\¡ \B. s¡_u kp\¡_u v$f¡L$ dygpL$ps R>u
dpfu Bbpv$s A_¡ A‰pl s\p ABçdp
(A.k.)\u dpfu vyApAp¡dp„ h^pfp¡ \sp¡ lsp¡. A¡L$
qv$hk s¡Z¡ d_¡ L$üy„, "sdpfp S>¡hp `Y$¡gp dpZkp¡
65
dp¥s_y„ õhà_
A_y¾$drZL$p
qTepfs¡ Api|fp L$¡d R>p¡X$u v$¡ R>¡ A_¡ s¡_p A_¡L$
apev$pAp¡\u L$¡d h„rQs fl¡ R>¡?' `R>u ApNmB
bp¡gsp„ L$üy„, "ly„ fp¡S> khpf¡ qTepfs¡ Api|fp `Yy„$
Ry„>. A¡L$ hMs ly„ dilv$ S>B füp¡ lsp¡, Ðepf¡ d_¡
ÅZ \B L$¡ dpfu pk¡ "daprslyg rS>_p_' qL$spb
_\u. d_¡ bly Aakp¡k \ep¡ L$¡ ApS>¡ ly„ qTepfs¡
Api|fp _rl `Y$u iLy„$. AQp_L$ d_¡ fõsp_u kpd¡
A¡L$ X$v$p¡ v$¡Mpep¡. d_¡ blyS> AQfS> \ey„, Äepf¡
d¢ Å¡ey„ L$¡ s¡ `X$v$p D`f qTepfs¡ Api|fp gM¡gu
R>¡.d_¡ blyS> Myiu \B A_¡ d¢ r_fps¡ qTepfs¡
Api|fp `Y$u.' Äepf¡ s¡ Ap b^y L$lu füp¡ lsp¡
Ðepf¡ s¡ °yõL$¡ °yõL$¡ fX$u füp¡ lsp¡.
(14)c|gpB Ne¡g dp_sp
A¡L$ Aghu bp_y S>¡ S>_pb¡ T¥_b
66
L$fS> Av$p L$fhp bpbs
A_y¾$drZL$p
(k.A.) A_¡ S>_pb¡ ê$L$èep (k.A.)_u rTepfs
dpV$¡ rkfuep (ipd) NB lsu. s¡Zu L$l¡ R>¡ L$¡,
Äepf¡ ly„ s¡ S>Áep `f `lp¢Qu Äep„ L$l¡hpe R>¡ L$¡
Bdpd lyk¥_ (A.k.)_y„ kf dybpfL$ v$a_ \e¡g R>¡
sp¡ ly„ ^°yõL$¡ ^°yõL$¡ fp¡hp gpNu A_¡ b¡L$pby \B NB.
fp¡sp fp¡sp d¢ qTepfs Y$u. Äepf¡ ly„ qTepfs Y$u
flu lsu Ðepf¡ d_¡ gpÁey L$¡ ly„ õhà_dp„ Ry„> A_¡ dpfu
kpd¡ S>¡ X$v$p¡ R>¡ s¡ KQL$pB Nep¡. d¢ \p¡X$u ÷°uAp¡_¡
Å¡B S>¡dp„ dpfu dp„ Z lsu. b^u ÷uAp¡A¡ dpfp¡
Apcpf dpÞep¡ L$¡ d¢ s¡Ap¡ sfa\u qTepfs `Y$u.
AQp_L$ A¡L$ _|fp_u bp_y Ðep„ Apìep„. b^u
÷uAp¡A¡ s¡ bp_y `pk¡ `p¡sp_u lpS>sp¡ fS|> L$fhp
gpNu. ly„ Z dpfu lpS>sp¡ s¡d_u kpd¡ fS|> L$fu. d¢
L$üy„, "d¢ A¡L$ dS>rgk fpMu R>¡ S>¡dp„ qTepfs¡
67
L$fS> Av$p L$fhp bpbs
A_y¾$drZL$p
Api|fp `Z `Y$pi¡. sdp¡ Ap dS>rgkdp„
Aphip¡?' s¡ZuA¡ S>hpb Apàep¡, "d¢ l„d¡ip
sdpfu dS>rgkdp„ lpS>fu Ap`u R>¡. A_¡ kprbs
L$fhp dpV$¡ ly„ sd_¡ A¡L$ âk„N epv$ v$¡hfphy„ Ry„>. A¡L$
hMs sdpfp¡ "L$Tu_'s¡_u Ofhpmu kp\¡ r_epT
gB_¡ sdpfu dS>rgkdp„ Apìep¡ lsp¡. s¡_¡ Of
bpbs L$p„B sL$gua lsu. s¡Z¡ dßs dp_u lsu L$¡
Å¡ s¡_u sL$gua v|$f \B S>i¡ sp¡ sdpfu dS>rgkdp„
Apìep L$fi¡. qTepfs `Y$hp\u s¡_u sL$gua v|$f
\B NB A_¡ s¡_y„ Of QZpB Ney„ R>sp„ s¡ dßs c|gu
Nep¡ R>¡ A_¡ sdpfu dSrgkdp„ lpS>fu Ap`sp¡
_\u.'
Ap bp_y_u hps kp„cmu Äepf¡ qTepfs\u
`pR>p afu_¡ ly„ s¡ dpZk_p Of¡ NB A_¡ ApMp¡
68
b^p A¡L$ S> S>Áep D`f
A_y¾$drZL$p
âkN L$lu k„cmpìep¡. lSy> sp¡ d¢ hps `|f `Z
_lp¡su L$fu L$¡ s¡_p Ql¡fp_p¡ f„N bv$gpB Nep¡ A_¡ s¡
fp¡hp gpÁep¡ A_¡ s¡_u Ofhpmu_¡ bp¡gphu A_¡
L$üy„, "Å¡ Ap iy„ L$l¡ R>¡,' `R>u s¡Z¡ d_¡ L$üy„, "ly„
L$pdL$pS>dp„ A¡V$gp¡ ìeõs \B Nep¡ lsp¡ L$¡ ly„ dßs
`|fu L$fsp c|gu Nep¡.'
(15)Ofdp„ fp¡i_u
ly„ hTufu (f.A.)_u vy$L$p_¡ qTepfs¡
Api|fp_u sakuf_u qL$spb Mfuv$hp Nep¡. Ðep„
dpfu dygpL$ps i¡M Agu AL$bf kBv$u S>¡ ipl
sldk dqõS>v$_p `¡i_dpT R>¡ s¡d_u kp\¡ \B.
Äepf¡ d¡ s¡d_¡ L$üy„ L$¡ ly„ iy Mfuv$hp Apìep¡ Ry„> Ðepf¡
s¡dZ¡ A¡L$ âk„N k„cmpìep¡.
AL¡ $ `pfku bp_y dky gdp_ b_u NB lsu.
69
AkpÝe fp¡N
A_y¾$drZL$p
sZ¡ u_p g‚ AL¡ $ L$pQ_p h¡ pfu Abgy L$prkd kp\¡
\ep lsp. sA¡ p_¡ p g‚_¡ ÓZ hfk \ep lsp `Z
Apg¥ pv$ _lps¡ u sA¡ pA¡ ¡ _½$u L$e® y L$¡ sA¡ p¡ 40 qv$hk
ky u qTepfs¡ Apif| p `Y$i¡ A_¡ Bdpd lky _¥
(A.k.) `pk¡ `ps¡ p_u lpS>s dpN„ i.¡ sA¡ pA¡ ¡ 40
qv$hk ky u 100 kgpd A_¡ gp_s kp\¡ qTepfs¡
Apif| p s\p v$yApA¡ AëL$dpl Y$u. A‰pl¡ s¡ bß_¡ u
qTepfs L$bg| L$fu A_¡ Bdpd lky _¥ (A.k.) _p
hkugp\u sA¡ p_¡ ¡ Ðep„ qv$L$fp_p¡ S>Þd \ep.¡ Ap qv$L$fp¡
eTv$dp„ lS>y ky u `ps¡ p_p Ofhpmp s\p bÃQpAp¡
kp\¡ Æhsp¡ R>.¡ (lu.k.1420 ky u)
(16)kgpl
S>_pb dp¡lkg eTv$u gM¡ R>¡ L$¡
ql.k.1380_p¡ dp¡lf®d_p¡ drl_p¡ lsp¡. Bfp__u
70
Arhðpky dykpaf
A_y¾$drZL$p
Apg¡ fk|g dqõS>v$dp„ dS>rgk_p¡ rkgrkgp¡ Qpgy
lsp¡. A¡L$ fpÓ¡ dpfp¡ dS>rgk `Y$hp_p¡ hpfp¡ lsp¡.
s¡ dS>rgkdp„ d¢ L$üy„ L$¡ S>¡ L$p¡B 40 qv$hk ky^u
qTepfs¡ Api|fp `Y$i¡ s¡_u v$f¡L$ dyíL$¡guAp¡ A_¡
sL$guap¡ qTepfs \L$u v|$f \B S>i¡.
`R>u A¡L$ qv$hk, Äepf¡ ly„ dilv$_p A¡L$
fõsp D`f Qpgu füp¡ lsp¡ sp¡ dpfu dygpL$ps
Bfp__p A¡L$ rinL$ dp¡lçdv$ lyk¥_ auv$pB
blfS>Þv$u kp\¡ \B S>¡Ap¡ AL$uv$p_p `pL$p lsp
A_¡ A¡lg¡b¥s (A.k.)_p dp¡lub lsp. s¡Ap¡
dilv$dp„ õ\pB \B S>hp dp„Nsp lsp `Z \B
iL$ep _rl. v|$Ap kgpd bpv$ s¡Ap¡A¡ d_¡ `|R>ey„
sd_¡ Mbf R>¡ dpfu bv$gu lh¡ dilv$dp„ \B NB
R>¡, d¡ `|R>¹ey : "s¡ L$¡hu fus¡?'s¡Ap¡A¡ d_¡ epv$
71
Arhðpky dykpaf
A_y¾$drZL$p
A`pìey„, "sd_¡ A¡L$ dS>rgkdp„ L$üy lsy L$¡ S>¡ L$p¡B
qTepfs¡ Api|fp_p Apdpg bÅhu gpNi¡ s¡_u
sL$guap¡ v|$f \B S>i¡. ly„ `Z s¡ Apdpg L$fhp
gpÁep¡. `R>u fÅ_p qv$hkp¡dp„ ly„ qTepfs dpV$¡
dilv$ Apìep¡ S>ep„ dpfu dygpL$ps A¡L$ i¿k\u
\B. ly„ s¡_¡ l¡gp„ L$p¡B qv$hk dýep¡ _ lsp¡. s¡ i¿k
dpfp Mp_v$p__p¡ gpÁep¡ A_¡ s¡_u hpsQus
L$fhp_u fus `Z kpfu lsu. s¡Z¡ d_¡ `|R>ey„,
"sdpfu L$p¡B sdßp R>¡, L$p¡B lpS>s S>¡ `|fu _ \B
lp¡e?' d¢ L$üy„ "_p, dl¡fbp_u.' R>sp„ s¡ `|R>sp¡
füp¡. R>¡hV$¡ s¡ d_¡ Myfpkp_ gB Nep¡ Äep„ Adp¡
Ðep„_p Nh_®f_¡ dýep. ly„ sp¡ AQfS> pçep¡ ÅZ¡ L$¡
L$¡d Ap i¿k_¡ dpfu sdßp `|fu L$fhp dpV$¡ Mpk
_uçep¡ lp¡e. bu^ hu^u `su Nep `R>u s¡Z¡ L$üy„,
72
Arhðpky dykpaf
A_y¾$drZL$p
"lh¡ sdp¡ sdpfu `Ð_u A_¡ bÃQpAp¡ kp\¡ Al]
flu iL$p¡ R>p¡. sdpfu bv$gu lh¡ dilv$dp„ \B NB
R>¡.'
(17)fp¡NQpmp¡
Bfp_-BfpL$ gX$pB Qpgy lsu Ðepf¡ Ly$d_p
A¡L$ Aprgd_¡ Bõalp_\u ap¡_ Apìep¡. Ly$ddp„
fp¡NQpmp¡ apV$u _uL$ýep¡ s¡ `l¡gp_u Ap hps R>¡.
s¡Z¡ Ly$d_p Aprgd_¡ L$üy„, "NB L$pg¡ d_¡ sdpfp
kkfp õhà_dp„ Apìep A_¡ sdp¡ qTepfs¡ Api|fp
R>p¡X$ip¡ _l] A¡d L$l¡hp_y„ L$üy„ R>¡.'
\p¡X$p qv$hkp¡ `R>u Ly$ddp„ fp¡NQpmp¡ apV$u
_uL$ýep¡. Ap âk„N D`f\u ÅZhp dm¡ R>¡ L$¡ AdyL$
ê$lp¡_¡ crhóe_u Mbf `X$su lp¡e R>¡. s¡Ap¡ ÅZ¡
R>¡ L$¡ iy„ \hp_y„ R>¡ A_¡ s¡ sL$guap¡ A_¡ bgpAp¡\u
73
40 rhÛp\}Ap¡_u `k„v$Nu
A_y¾$drZL$p
bQhp_p D`ep¡ Z k|Qh¡ R>¡.
(18)d|„ThZdp„ X$¡gp¡ dykpaf
A¡L$ dil|f rhÜp_ gM¡ R>¡ L$¡ s¡Ap¡ `fv$¡i
S>hp dpV$¡ `pk`p¡V®$ b_phu füp lsp, s¡Ap¡A¡
`pk`p¡V®$ d¡mhhp dpV$¡ OZu L$p¡riip¡ L$fu `Z _
d¡mhu iL$ep. R>¡hV$¡ s¡Ap¡ lspi \B Nep. s¡Ap¡
s¡d_p v$p¡õs_p¡ `pk`p¡V®$ `Z _ b_phu iL$ep.
Aphu r_fpip_u lpgsdp„ s¡Ap¡A¡ Apesy‰pl
byê$S>fv$u (f.A.)_¡ õhà_dp„ Å¡ep. Apesy‰pl
byê$S>fv$u (f.A.) L$lu füp lsp, "dpf¡ lpÆ
k¥ev$ lk__y„ iy„ L$fhy„ ? s¡ blyS> Æv«u dpZk R>¡.'
Äepf¡ ly„ ÅÁep¡, ly„ d|„ThZdp„ `X$ep¡. d_¡
kdS>Zdp„ Apìey„ L$¡ Ap õhà__y„ iy„ kdS>hy„. R>u
A¡L$ qv$hk, A¡L$ dpZk¡ d_¡ L$üy„, "sdp¡ dykpafu_u
74
"dp ET¡e _buèey_...'
A_y¾$drZL$p
s¥epfu L$fp¡. sdpfp¡ `pk`p¡V®$ s¥epf R>¡.' d_¡
AQfS> \ey„. d¢ `|R>¹ey„, "sd¡ L$p¡Z R>p¡? dpfp¡
`pk`p¡V®$ L$¡hu fus¡ s¥epf \ep¡?' s¡Z¡ S>hpb
Apàep¡, "ly„ k¥ev$ lpÆ lk_ Ry„>. OZp qv$hk\u ly„
d|„ThZdp„ lsp¡ L$¡ sdpfp¡ "âåg¡d' L$¡d v|$f L$fhp¡. d¢
OZu L$p¡riip¡ L$fu `Z _ apìep¡. R>¡hV$¡ d¢ Bdpd
lyk¥_ (A.k.) _¡ qTepfs¡ Api|fp \L$u rh_„su
L$fu. `R>u d¢ 40 qv$hk ky^u Apdpg¡ Api|fp
bÅìep A_¡ s¡ Apdpg \L$u âp¡åg¡d v|$f L$fu
iL$ep¡.
(19)vy$ApA¡ shõkyg A_¡ qTepfs¡
Api|fp
A¡L$ hMs _Bd il¡fdp„ dpfu dygpL$ps
lpÆ lbub kp\¡ \B NB. lpÆ lbub A¡L$
75
"dp ET¡e _buèey_...'
A_y¾$drZL$p
blyS> `pL$ A_¡ dp¡du_ dpZk lsp. s¡Ap¡ fp¡S>
vy$ApA¡ shõkyg Y$sp lsp. s¡Ap¡A¡ L$üy„, ly„ R>¡‰p
40 hfk\u qTepfs¡ Api|fp `Yy„$ Ry„>. d_¡ Ap
qTepfs \L$u A_¡L$ apev$pAp¡ \ep R>¡ A_¡ dpfu
Ålp¡S>gpgu Z qTepfs \L$u S> R>¡. A¡L$ hMs¡ ly„
dykubsdp„ akpB Nep¡ lsp¡. d¢ A_¡L$ hMs
vy$ApA¡ shõkyg `Y$u `Z dpfu dykubs v|$f \B
_lu. R>¡hV$¡ d¢ qTepfs¡ Api|fp 40 qv$hk Y$hp_y„
_½$u L$ey¯. ly„ qTepfs Y$hp dpV$¡ fp¡S> fZdp„ S>sp¡
lsp¡. 29dp„ qv$hk¡ d¢ A¡L$ byTyN® dpZk_¡ Å¡ep
S>¡_p¡ Ql¡fp¡ _|fp_u lsp¡. s¡Z¡ L$üy„, "sdp¡ L$¡d lspi
A_¡ _pDçduv$ \ph R>p¡? sdpfu dykubs v|$f \B
NB R>¡.' ly„ S>ëv$u Of¡ Apìep¡. d_¡ ÅZhp dýey„ L$¡
\p¡X$p dpZkp¡ dpfu N¡flpS>fudp„ Apìep lsp. s¡Ap¡
76
Apesy‰pl b¡lS>su_u v|$fA„v$¡iu
A_y¾$drZL$p
k„v$¡ip¡ d|L$u Nep lsp L$¡ ly„ AdyL$ hMs¡ AdyL$
dpZk_¡ S>B_¡ dmy„. ly„ Äepf¡ s¡ dpZk_¡ dýep¡ sp¡
s¡Z¡ L$üy„ L$¡ s¡ dpfu ifsp¡ dyS>b L$pd L$fhp
s¥epf R>¡.
(20)bl¡_ dpV$¡ MyiMbf
S>_pb k¥ev$ T¥_yg Apb¡v$u_ AbfL$u_p
A¡L$ _ÆL$_p kNp_¡ dp¡V$p¡ lpV® A¡V$¡L$ (ùv$e lydgp¡)
Apìep¡. s¡_u lpgs A¡V$gu Mfpb \B NB L$¡ s¡_¡
dp¡Y$pdp„\u gp¡lu _uL$mhp gpÁey„. b^p X$p¡L$V$fp¡A¡
L$üy„ L$¡ s¡_¡ BgpS> dpV$¡ s¡lfp_ gB Åh. Ap hps_u
ÅZ k¥ev$ T¥_yg Apb¡v$u__¡ `Z L$fhpdp„ Aphu
S>¡\u s¡Ap¡ vy$$Ap L$f¡. k¥ev$¡ s¡Ap¡_p Ly$Vy„$buAp¡_¡ hTy
L$fhp_y„ L$üy„ A_¡ k|fS>_p s¡S> sX$L$pdp„ qTepfs¡
Api|fp `Y$hp_y„ L$üy„. s¡Ap¡A¡ `Z s¡_u riap dpV$¡
77
Apesy‰pl b¡lS>su_u v|$fA„v$¡iu
A_y¾$drZL$p
vy$Ap L$fu. \p¡X$p hMs `R>u s¡Ap¡ blpf Apìep
A_¡ L$üy„, "bÃQpAp¡, Dcp \B Åh. s¡ budpf
D`f\u Msfp¡ V$mu Nep¡ R>¡.' A¡L$ dpZk S>¡ k¥ev$
_¡ blyS> kpfu fus¡ ÅZ¡ R>¡ s¡ L$l¡ R>¡ L$¡ k¥ev$_u
ê$lp_u spL$ps A_¡ dS>b|s AL$uv$p_y„ flõe A¡ R>¡ L$¡
s¡Ap¡ l„d¡ip qTepfs¡ Api|fp Y$sp lsp.
(l‰ps¡ AbfL$u sbpsbpB,
qL$spb¡ hyëv$uèesyg dyÑL$u_, `p_y„ 20)
(21)Bdpd_p¡ Nd
A¡L$ k¥ev$¡ g¿ey„ R>¡ L$¡ "A_¡L$ L$pdL$pS>_p¡
bp¡Å¡ A_¡ S>hpbv$pfuAp¡ R>sp„ ly„ qTepfs¡ Api|fp
dpV$¡ AQ|L$ hMs L$pY$u g¡sp¡ lsp¡. Å¡L$¡ qv$hkdp„
Äepf¡ `Z hMs dm¡ Ðepf¡ s¡ `Y$sp¡ lsp¡. `R>u d¢
\p¡X$p qv$hk Ap qTepfs Y$hp_y„ b„ L$fu v$u y„. Ap 78
Apesy‰pl b¡lS>su_u v|$fA„v$¡iu
A_y¾$drZL$p
\p¡X$p qv$hkp¡dp„ Adpfu hÃQ¡ \p¡X$pL$ TOX$pAp¡ Dcp
\ep A_¡ AdyL$ ifpfsu dpZkp¡A¡ Ap TOX$pAp¡_¡
dp¡Vy„$ õhê$` Ap`u v$u y„. Ap v$frdep_ A¡L$ fpÓ¡ d_¡
õhà_ Apìey„. s¡ õhà_dp„ d¢ Å¡ey„ L$¡ d¢ A¡L$ dS>rgk
BdpdhpX$p/Ofdp„ fpMu R>¡. d¢ Å¡ey„ L$¡' AdyL$ dpsdu
A„Sy>d_p¡ Ðep„ Aphu. Ap A„Sy>d_p¡ dpsd L$fsu
lsu A_¡ p¡sp_p ifuf D`f T„Æfp¡ dpfsu lsu. ly„
Ap A„Sy>d_p¡_¡ AphL$pf Ap`sp¡ lsp¡ A_¡ s¡Ap¡
A¡L$ `R>u A¡L$ v$pMg \sp lsp. Ap b^u
A„Sy>d_p¡dp„ A¡L$ A„Sy>d_ `p¡sp_p Adg kp\¡
riõs hNf Aphu flu lsu. d¢ s¡Ap¡_¡ AphL$pf
Apàep¡ Z s¡Ap¡ A„v$f Apìep _rl.
AQp_L$ d¢ AL$¡ dpZk_¡ A¡L$gp¡ Dc¡gp¡
Å¡ep¡. d¢ s¡_¡ A„v$f Aphhp L$üy„ Z s¡Z¡ _p pX$u.
79
rlv$pes
A_y¾$drZL$p
Äepf¡ ly„ s¡_u _S>v$uL$ Nep¡ sp¡ Å¡ey„ L$¡ s¡_u Nfv$_
D`f A¡L$ KX$p¡ Op lsp¡. L$v$pQ Ap S>¿d_p L$pfZ¡ s¡
A„v$f Aphhp_u _p `pX$sp¡ lsp¡ A_¡ s¡
A„Sy>d_hpmpAp¡_¡ S>Zpìep hNf Ðep„\u Qpëep¡
Nep¡.
Äepf¡ ly„ ÅÁep¡ Ðepf¡ d¢ Ap õhà_, A¡L$
õhà__u spbuf Åhhphpmp lp¢riepf dpZk_¡
S>Zpìey„. s¡Z¡ L$üy„ L$¡ sdp¡ `l¡gp„ fp¡S> qTepfs¡
Api|fp `Y$sp lsp `Z \p¡X$p qv$hkp¡\u sdp¡A¡ s¡
`Y$hp_y„ b„v$ L$fu v$u^y„ R>¡. Ap L$pfZ¡ sdpfp
vy$íd_p¡A¡ dp\y DQ¼ey„ R>¡. sdp¡_¡ Ap sL$guap¡
qTepfs¡ Api|fp _ Y$hp_p L$pfZ¡ \B R>¡. sdp¡ Ap
qTepfs¡ Api|fp `Y$hp_y„ syfs iê$ L$fp¡. d¡„ s¡_¡
kgpl dp_hp_y„ _½$u L$ey¯ A_¡ qTepfs¡ Api|fp
80
rlv$pes
A_y¾$drZL$p
`Y$hu iê$ L$fu v$u^u. lSy> sp¡ 40 qv$hk _ lp¡sp
\ep Ðep„ sp¡ Myv$p_p aTgp¡ L$fd\u dpfu b^u
sL$guap¡ v|$f \B NB.
(22)X$p¡. dp¡lçdv$ lpv$u (f.A.)_y„ õhà_
dil|f qL$spb Ag-Nv$uf_p g¡ML$
Apesy‰pl A‰pdp Adu_u _S>au (f.A.)_p
afT„v$ X$p¡. dp¡lçdv$ lpv$u (f.A.) gM¡ R>¡ L$¡
"s¡Ap¡A¡ s¡Ap¡_p hprgv$¡ byTyN®hpf_¡ s¡d_p dfZ_¡
Qpf hfk \ep `R>u õhà_dp„ Å¡ep. Ap b_ph
rl.1394_p¡ R>¡. Ap õhà_ Nyê$hpf¡ hl¡gu khpf¡
Apìey„ lsy„. r`spîu blyS> Myi lsp. ly„ ApNm
hÝep¡, r`spîu_¡ kgpd L$fu A_¡ s¡Ap¡_p lp\
Q|çep. d¢ |R>¹ey„, "sdp¡A¡ A¡hy„ s¡ iy„ L$pd L$ey¯ lsy„ L$¡
sdp¡ ApV$gp MyiMyipg R>p¡?' s¡Ap¡A¡ L$üy„, "sd¡
81
b¡ _L$pb`p¡i dpZkp¡
A_y¾$drZL$p
iy„ L$üy„ ?' d¢ afu L$üy„, "sdp¡A¡ A¡hy„ iy„ L$pd L$ey¯ R>¡ L$¡
sdp¡ ApV$gp MyiMyipg R>p¡? iy„ sdp¡A¡ Ag-
Nv$uf A_¡ buÆ qL$spbp¡ gMu R>¡ s¡ L$pfZkf L$¡
sdp¡A¡ Aduê$g dp¡œAd¡_u_ (A.k.)_p _pd¡
gpBb°¡fu Mp¡gu R>¡ s¡ \L$u sdp¡ ApV$gp Myi R>p¡?
s¡Ap¡A¡ L$üy„, "sdp¡ iy„ L$l¡hp dp„Np¡ R>p¡ A¡ d_¡
kdÅsy„ _\u, dl¡fbp_u L$fu_¡ Mygpkphpf khpg
`|R>p¡.' d¢ L$üy„, "r`spîu, sdp¡ Al]_u vy$r_ep R>p¡X$u
l„d¡i fl¡hp_u S>Áep `f Qpëep Nep R>p¡. sdp¡A¡
A¡hu iy„ dTlbu k¡hp L$¡ afS> Av$p L$fu R>¡ L$¡ sdp¡_¡
_Ås dmu NB?'
\p¡X$p¡ hMs rhQpf L$fu_¡ dpfp r`spîuA¡
S>hpb Apàep¡. "dpfp afT„v$, Ap a¼s A_¡ a¼s
kèevy$íip¡lv$p l. Bdpd lyk¥_ (A.k.)_p fp¡Tp_u
82
b¡ _L$pb`p¡i dpZkp¡
A_y¾$drZL$p
qTepfs_p L$pfZ¡ R>¡.' d¢ L$üy„, "r`spîu sdp¡ sp¡
ÅZp¡ R>p¡ L$¡ Bfp_-BfpL$_u gX$pB_p gu^¡ bß¡
v$¡ip¡_p k„b„^p¡ s|V$u Nep R>¡ S>¡ \L$u L$fbgp
qTepfs dpV$¡ S>hy„ Ak„ch R>¡.' s¡Ap¡A¡ L$üy„,
"Bdpd lyk¥_ (A.k.)_u dS>rgkp¡dp„ rifL$s L$fp¡.
sdp¡_¡ A¡V$gp¡ S> khpb dmi¡ S>¡V$gp¡ khpb Bdpd
lyk¥_ (A.k.)_u qTepfs_p¡ R>¡. dpfp afT„v$, d¢
ApNm Z OZu hMs L$üy„ R>¡ A_¡ ApS>¡ Z afu
hMs L$ly„ Ry„>. b¡V$p, qTepfs¡ Api|fp `Y$hp_y„ L$v$u
`Z R>p¡X$S>¡ _lu. s¡_¡ A¡L$ blyS> dlÐh_u afS>
kdS>S>¡ A_¡ s¡_¡ spfu rS„>v$Nudp„ KQ„y õ\p_
Ap`S>¡. Ap qTepfs_u Akfp¡ A_¡ TfuAp¡ S>
vy$r_ep s\p ApM¡fsdp„ _Ås_y„ L$pfZ R>¡... d_¡
spfu vy$$ApAp¡_u Dçduv$ R>¡.'
83
b¡ _L$pb`p¡i dpZkp¡
A_y¾$drZL$p
A‰pdp Adu_u_p afT„v$ gM¡ R>¡ L$¡, "dpfp
r`spîu A_¡L$ âh©qÑAp¡dp„ diN|g lp¡hp R>sp„
AQ|L$ qTepfs¡ Api|fp Y$sp lsp A_¡ buÅAp¡_¡
`Z s¡ `Y$hp_u cgpdZ L$fsp lsp. S>¡\u ly„ `Z
30 hfk\u bfpbf qTepfs¡ Api|fp Y$y„ Ry„>.'
(23)dp¡luåb¡ Alg¡b¥s_p kgpd
Apesy‰p k¥ev$ dyfsyTp dyhlluv$ Aåslu
gM¡ R>¡ L$¡, "Bfp_dp„ Äepf¡ s„bpLy$ bpbs_p¡ TOX$p¡
iê$ \ep¡ Ðepf¡ Bõalp__p AdyL$ rhÜp_p¡ Tprgd
ipk__p¡ kpd_p¡ L$fhp Dcp \ep. s¡Ap¡_p¡ bmhp¡
L$pçepb \ep¡ A_¡ kfL$pf_¡ lpf dp_hu X$u. R>u
fpÄe_p Ar^L$pfuAp¡A¡ Afbu cpjpdp„ L$pmN
gMu_¡ Apesy‰p rdTp® dp¡lçdv$ lyk¥_ iufpTu_¡
84
A¡L$ buÅ¡ âk„N
A_y¾$drZL$p
_S>adp„ lp¢QpX$¡'
lpS> rdTp® b|ê$S>fL$u L$pNm Ap`hp
kpdfp® Nep A_¡ lpS> rdTp® as¡l Agu
kygsp_pbpv$u_¡ dýep (S>¡Ap¡ Apesy‰pl lpS>
rdTp® lyk¥_ _v$hu_p Dõspv$ R>¡ A_¡ S>¡Ap¡A¡
dil|f qL$spb "Ag L$g¡dsys sèe¡bp au BÞapL$'
gMu R>¡). lpS> rdTp® as¡lAgu kygsp_pbpv$uA¡
rdTp® b|ê$S>fv$u_¡ AphL$pf Apàep¡ A_¡ L$üy„, "d_¡
Mbf R>¡ sdp¡ iy„ L$pd dpV$¡ Apìep R>p¡. sdp¡ L$pNm
Ap`hp Apìep R>p¡.' `R>u rdTp® as¡lAguA¡
L$pNmdp„ iy„ g¿ey„ R>¡ s¡ L$l¡hp gpÁep. Å¡ L$¡ L$pNm
sp¡ lSy> rdTp® b|ê$S>fv$u_p lp\dp„ S> lsp¡. s¡Ap¡A¡
L$pNm_y„ gMpZ Anfn L$lu_¡ `p¡sp_u ê$lp_u
spL$s_p¡ qfQe Apàep¡. Äepf¡ rdTp® b|ê$S>fv$uA¡
85
A¡L$ buÅ¡ âk„N
A_y¾$drZL$p
Ap Å¡ey„ sp¡ s¡Ap¡_¡ OZ AQ„bp¡ \ep¡ A_¡ rdTp®
as¡lAgu_¡ L$p„B _kuls L$fhp S>Zpìey„. rdfTp
as¡lAguA¡ L$üy„, "sdp¡ `p¡s¡ OZp S> `fl¡TNpf
R>p¡. sd_¡ iy„ iuMpdZ Ap`y„.' Äepf¡ rdTp®
b|ê$S>fv$uA¡ bly cpf d|L$ep¡ A_¡ L$üy„, "ly„ BÃRy> Ry„>
L$¡ sdp¡ d_¡ \p¡X$u _kulsp¡ Ap`p¡ S>¡ dpfp dpV$¡
luv$pes lp¡e.' rdTp® as¡lAguA¡ S>hpb Apàep¡,
"L$v$u Ap ÓZ QuÅ¡ R>p¡X$Å¡ _l].'
(1) v$f¡L$ drl_p_u iê$Aps_u _dpT
(2) L$p¡B_p dfZ_u Mbf dm¡ sp¡ _dpT¡
hl¡is S>ê$f Y$Å¡ A_¡
(3) l„d¡ip qTepfs¡ Api|fp Y$Å¡.
Ap âk„N `R>u rdTp® b|ê$S>fv$u l„d¡ip
86
qTepfs¡ Api|fp
A_y¾$drZL$p
qTepfs¡ Api|fp Y$sp lsp, Ðep„ ky^u L$¡ Api|fp_p
qv$hk¡ s¡Ap¡ v$f¡L$ iluv$_p sfa\u Ap qTepfs
`Y$sp lsp. s¡Ap¡A¡ L$v$u `Z Ap qTepfs R>p¡X$u
_\u. Å¡ L$p¡B dS>rgk A\hp dqõS>v$dp„ s¡Ap¡
lp¡e sp¡ `Z s¡Ap¡ Ap qTepfs `Y$sp lsp. s¡Ap¡
Ap qTepfs A¡V$gp Ýep_\u `Y$sp lsp L$¡ S>fp
`Z Mgg \pe s¡ s¡Ap¡_¡ Ndsy„ _rl„. A¡L$ hMs
s¡Ap¡ v$phsdp„ Nep. Ðep„ b^p S>dhp b¡W$p. rdTp®
b|ê$S>fv$u Z buÅ dl¡dp_p¡ kp\¡ b¡W$p lsp. Z
s¡Ap¡A¡ qTepfs Y$hp_y„ iê$ L$ey¯ S>¡\u s¡Ap¡ S>çep
_lu. Äepf¡ d¡S>bp__¡ Ap hps_u Mbf `X$u sp¡
s¡Ap¡A¡ S>dhp_y„ rdTp® b|ê$S>fv$u_p Of¡ dp¡L$ëey„.
rdTp® b|ê$S>fv$u_p S>dpB rdTp® dp¡lçdv$ bpL$f,
S>¡Ap¡ aTp-A¡-AL$bf_p g¡ML$ R>¡, s¡Ap¡ gM¡ R>¡
87
qTepfs¡ Api|fp
A_y¾$drZL$p
L$¡, "d¢ Å¡ey„ L$¡ Äepf¡ rdTp® b|ê$S>fv$u "kL$fps'_u
lpgsdp„ lsp Ðepf¡ `Z s¡Ap¡ qTepfs¡ Api|fp
`Y$hpdp„ diN|g lsp. Äepf¡ v$v®$ h^u S>sy„ lsy„ Ðepf¡
s¡Ap¡ \p¡X$uhpf AV$L$u S>sp lsp R>u pRy> Y$hp_y„
iê$ L$fu v$¡sp lsp, Äep„ ky^u L$¡ s¡Ap¡ Ap ap_u
vy$r_ep R>p¡X$u Nep.'
(24)R>¡‰u BÃR>p
Apesy‰pl lpS> k¥ev$ dyfsyTp dyhlluv$
Aåslu gM¡ R>¡ L$¡, "Apesy‰pl dp¡lçdv$ lyk¥_
iufpTu_u Bõgpd A_¡ dykgdp_p¡_u k¡hpAp¡_u
S>¡V$gu spfua L$fuA¡ A¡V$gu Ap¡R>u R>¡. s¡Ap¡A¡ L$v$u
rTepfs¡ Api|fp `Y$hp_y„ sL®$ _ lp¡sy„ L$ey¯.' s¡Ap¡
l„d¡ip L$l¡sp lsp."A‰pl\u dpfu v|$Ap A_¡
88
qTepfs¡ Api|fp
A_y¾$drZL$p
AfS> R>¡ L$¡ ly„ dpfu rS„>v$Nu_p R>¡‰p qv$hk ky^u
qTepfs¡ Api|fp Y$y„.'
A‰pl¡ s¡Ap¡_u vy$Ap L$b|g L$fu A_¡
rS„>v$Nu_p R>¡‰p qv$hk¡ qTepfs¡ Api|fp `Y$u_¡
s¡Ap¡ NyS>fu Nep.
(25)g‚_p¡ âõsph
A¡L$ dil|f Aprgd gM¡ R>¡ L$¡, "\p¡X$p hjp£
`l¡gp„, dpfp¡ A¡L$ v$p¡õs s¡_p g‚ rhj¡ bly
d|„ThZdp„ lsp¡. lspi \B_¡ s¡Z¡ d_¡ L$üy„,' "dpfp
g‚ _\u \B füp S>¡\u ly„ blyS> lspi \B Nep¡
Ry„>. Äep„ `Z ly„ g‚_p¡ âõsph dp¡L$gy Ry„> dpfp¡
âõsph _p d„S|>f \pe R>¡.' d¡„ L$üy„, "b_u iL$¡ R>¡ L$¡
sdp¡ A¡hu S>ÁepA¡ âõsph dp¡L$gp¡ R>p¡ S>¡ sdpf¡ 89
qTepfs¡ Api|fp
A_y¾$drZL$p
gpeL$ _\u.' s¡Z¡ S>hpb Apàep¡, "_p, A¡hy„ L$p„B
_\u. Å¡ sd_¡ rhðpk _ lp¡e sp¡ sdp¡ L$p¡B A¡hp
Mp_v$p_dp„ dpfp¡ âõsph gB Åh S>¡ sd_¡ ep¡Áe
gpN¡.' d¢ s¡d_u hps L$b|g L$fu A_¡ s¡d_p¡ âõsph
dpfp v$p¡õs_p Of¡ gB Nep¡. d_¡ MpÓu lsu L$¡ dpfp¡
v$p¡õs Ap âõsph S>ê$f L$b|g L$fi¡. `Z Äepf¡
dpfp v$p¡õs¡ "Bõs¡Mpfp¡' Å¡ep¡ sp¡ s¡dp„ "_p' Aphu.
Ap kp„cmu_¡ s¡Z¡ L$üy„, "Å¡ d¢ L$üy„ _ lsy„' d¢ Lüy„,
"L$p„B hp„^p¡ _lu. `Z Å¡ ly„ sd_¡ L$p¡B L$pd L$fhp_y„
L$lui sp¡ sdp¡ L$fip¡?' s¡Z¡ lp `pX$u sp¡ `R>u d¢
L$üy„, "40 qv$hk ky^u khpf¡ _dpT A_¡ Apdpg
(spL$¡bps) R>u sdp¡ fp¡S> qTepfs¡ Api|fp 100
kgpd A_¡ gp_s kp\¡ `Y$Å¡. BÞipA‰pl,
sdpfu lpS>s `|fu \i¡.' lSy> sp¡ s¡Z¡ a¼s 28
90
qTepfs¡ Api|fp
A_y¾$drZL$p
qv$hk ky^u rTepfs `Y$u lsu Ðep„ s¡ dpfu `pk¡
Apìep¡ A_¡ L$üy„, "dpfu kNpB A¡L$ kpfu R>p¡L$fu
kp\¡ \B NB R>¡ A_¡ ApS>¡ kp„S>¡ (Aö_p hMs¡)
dpfp g‚ R>¡ A_¡ ly„ BÃRy> Ry„> L$¡ sdp¡ `Z s¡dp„
lpS>fu Ap`p¡.'
ly„ s¡ g‚dp„ Nep¡ A_¡ L$üy„, "sdp¡ c|gÅ¡
_l] L$¡ lSy> qTepfs¡ Api|fp `Y$hp_p 12 qv$hk
bpL$u R>¡. Ap qTepfs_p \L$u S> sdpfp g‚ \ep
R>¡ A_¡ crhóedp„ Äepf¡ `Z S>ê$f `X$¡ Ap
qTepfs \L$u sdpfu lpS>sp¡ dp„NÅ¡.'
(26)dyv$p®Ap¡_u Bv$
lyˆ$syg Bõgpd lpS> lyk¥_ r_Tpdyv«u_
Bõalp_u gM¡ R>¡ L$¡, "ly„ lpS> Aåvy$g Nayf_p Of¡
lsp¡, S>¡Ap¡ rdTp® dp¡lçdv$ sL$u Bõalp_u
91
qTepfs¡ Api|fp
A_y¾$drZL$p
(rd¼epgyg dL$pfud_p g¡ML$)_p _p¡L$f lsp. Ðep„
buÅ v$p¡õsp¡ `Z lsp. s¡dp„\u A¡L$ i¿k¡ L$üy„'
"dpfp¡ cpB NyS>fu Nep¡ R>¡. s¡_¡ d¢ \p¡X$p qv$hk
`l¡gp„ õhà_dp„ Å¡ep¡. s¡Z¡ bly kpfp L$`X$p„ `l¡ep®
lsp. d_¡ s¡_p Aphp L$`X$p„ Å¡BA¡ AQ„bp¡ \ep¡. d¢
`|R>¹ey„,' "sdpfu pk¡ Aphp L$`X$p„ ¼ep„\u Apìep?
sd¡Ap¡ vy$r_epdp„ L$¡hp Apdpg L$ep® R>¡ s¡ ly„ ÅÏ„ Ry„>.
sdp¡ Aphp kpfp h÷p¡_p lL$v$pf _\u.' s¡Z¡ L$üy„,
"sdp¡ kpQy„ L$lp¡ R>p¡. b¡iL$, dpfp Apdpg
ifdS>_L$ lsp A_¡ ly„ Ap h÷p¡_¡ gpeL$ _\u. Z
NBL$pg¡ Adp¡ dyX$v$pAp¡ dpV$¡ ÅZ¡ Bv$ lsu. A¡L$
dp¡du_p ÷u_¡ L$pg¡ v$a_ L$fhpdp„ Aphu lsu.
s¡Zu_p v$a_ `R>u_u `l¡gu fpÓ¡, k¥èevy$íip¡lv$p
l.Bdpd lyk¥_ (A.k.) s¡Zu_u L$bf_u dygpL$ps¡
92
qTepfs¡ Api|fp
A_y¾$drZL$p
Apìep. s¡Ap¡A¡ lyL$d Apàep¡ L$¡ s¡ dp¡œAd¡_p s\p
ApSy> bpSy>_u b^u L$bfp¡ `f\u ATpb lV$phu
g¡hpdp„ Aph¡. dpfu L$bf s¡Zu_u L$bf\u _S>v$uL$
lsu A¡V$g¡ dpfp `f\u `Z ATpb lV$u Nep¡,
S>¡\u ApS>¡ sdp¡ d_¡ Ap ky„v$f h÷p¡dp„ Å¡B füp
R>p¡.'
buS>¡ qv$hk ly„ DW$¹ep¡ Ðepf¡ khpf_u
_dpT_p¡ hMs lsp¡. _dpT `Y$u_¡ ly„ dil|f
L$b°õsp_ S>¡ Bõalp__u _S>v$uL$ lsy„ Äep„ dpfp
cpB_¡ v$a_ L$fhpdp„ Apìep lsp, Ðep„ S>hp
_uL$ýep¡ S>¡\u ly„ dpfp õhà_ rhj¡ s`pk L$fu iLy„$.
Äepf¡ ly„ Ðep„ `lp¢Ãep¡, d¢ \p¡X$p dpZkp¡_¡
L$bf `pk¡ b¡ku Ly$fAp_ `Y$sp Å¡ep, d¢ dp¡d¡_p
÷u S>¡_¡ NBL$pg¡ v$a_ L$fhpdp„ Aphu lsu s¡ bpbs¡
93
qTepfs¡ Api|fp_p¡ sfS|>dp¡
A_y¾$drZL$p
s`pk L$fu. s¡Ap¡A¡ S>hpb Apàep¡, "lp, NB L$pg¡
fpÓ¡ s¡Zu_¡ v$a_ L$fhpdp„ Aphu lsu.' `R>u
s¡Ap¡A¡ s¡ L$bf_u S>Áep d_¡ bsphu. `R>u ly„ s¡
dp¡d¡_p ÷u_p v$uL$fp_¡ dmhp Nep¡, S>¡ Apesy‰pl
rdTp® Aby dpgu, rdTp® b|ê$S>fv$u_p Dõspl lsp.
kgpd vy$Ap `R>u d¢ s¡d_u dpsp_u haps bpbs¡
`yR>¹ey„. s¡Ap¡A¡ L$üy„, "s¡Ap¡ NB L$pg¡ fpÓ¡ NyS>fu
Nep.' "iy„ s¡Ap¡ Bdpd lyk¥_ (A.k.)_p Nd_u
dS>rgk L$fsp lsp? iy„ s¡Ap¡ `p¡s¡ Nd_y„ bep_
Ap dS>rgkp¡dp„ `Y$sp lsp? iy„ s¡Ap¡ L$fbgp_u
rTepfs L$fu Apìep lsp?' s¡Ap¡A¡ ÓZ¡ khpg_p¡
_L$pfdp„ S>hpb Apàep¡ A_¡ d_¡ |R>ey„, "`Z sdp¡
s¡d_u iy„ bpbs ÅZhp dp„Np¡ R>p¡?' d¢ `R>u dpê$
õhà_ s¡Ap¡_¡ rhNshpf L$üy„. Äepf¡ d¢ dpfu hps
94
qTepfs¡ Api|fp_p¡ sfS|>dp¡
A_y¾$drZL$p
`|fu L$fu Ðepf¡ s¡Ap¡A¡ L$üy„, lp, dpfu dp fp¡S>
kèevy$íip¡lv$p l. Bdpd¡ lyk¥_ (A.k.)_u
qTepfs Y$sp lsp.
rdTp® Abyg dpgu_u L$bf_u _ÆL$ A¡L$
Ap¡fX$p¡ lsp¡ Äep„ lpS> Aåvy$g Nayf A_¡ s¡_p
v$p¡õsp S>dp \ep lsp. A¡L$ qv$hk Bõalp__p OZp
rhÜp_p¡ Ðep„ A¡L$W$p \ep lsp S>¡dp„ dyõsyap aL$ul
Bdp_u, i¡M Aduf A_¡ lpÆ lyk¥_ dlv$hu
Afv$L$p_u `Z lsp. lpÆ Aåvy$g Na|f¡ s¡ dp¡d¡_p
÷u_p v$uL$fp_u Ap¡mMpZ b^p kp\¡ L$fphu.
s¡Ap¡A¡ s¡ L$bf `Z bsphu Äep„ l. Bdpd lyk¥_
(A.k.) Apìep lsp S>¡_p \L$u Ap L$bf_u
ApSy>bpSy>_u L$bfp¡_p¡ ATpb v|$f \ep¡ lsp¡.
95
qTepfs¡ Api|fp_p¡ sfS|>dp¡
A_y¾$drZL$p
(27)dykubsp¡
A¡L$ dpZk gM¡ R>¡ L$¡ b¡ dykubsp¡_p âk„N¡
A¡hp Apìep lsp S>¡ qTepfs¡ Api|fp_p `Y$hp\u
s¡ dykubsp¡ v|$f \B NB.
`l¡gp¡ âk„N :
d_¡ ÓZ sL$guap¡ lsu.
(1) d¢ Of Mfuv$hp dpV$¡ 2 gpM sydp_ _p¡ L$fÅ¡
gu^p¡ lsp¡, S>¡_¡ A¡L$ hfk \B Ney„ lsy„ `Z ly„ s¡
L$fÅ¡ Av$p L$fu i¼ep¡ _\u. Ap dp¡V$p L$fÅ_p
L$pfZ¡ ly„ bly spZ A_ychu füp¡ lsp¡.
(2) buÆ dpfu sL$gua A¡hu lsu L$¡ ly„ L$lu
iL$sp¡ _\u.
(3) Nfubu
96
qTepfs¡ Api|fp_p¡ sfS|>dp¡
A_y¾$drZL$p
Ap ÓZ¡ dykubsp¡_¡ gu^¡ ly„ bly `f¡ip_
lsp¡. d¢ S>_pb¡ dpk|dpA¡ Ly$d, S>. aps¡dp
(k.A.)_p¡ hkugp¡ Apàep¡. d¢ _½$u L$ey¯ L$¡ ly„ 40
qv$hk ky^u qTepfs¡ Api|fp `Y$ui A_¡ s¡_p¡
khpb S>_pb¡ _fÆk Mps|_ (k.A.)_¡ bnu
Ap`ui A_¡ s¡d_¡ AfS> L$fui L$¡ dpfp sfa\u
s¡Ap¡ Bdpd¡ Tdp_p (A.s.a.i.) _¡ rkapfui L$f¡
S>¡\u dpfu sL$gua v|$f \B Åe. ly„ _dpT¡ kyål
`R>u qTepfs¡ Adu_y‰pl (Aduê$g dp¡Ad¡_u_
A.k._u qTepfs) `Y$sp¡ lsp¡. Ðepf `R>u ly„
qTepfs¡ Api|fp 100 kgpd A_¡ gp_s kp\¡
`Y$sp¡ lsp¡ A_¡ R>¡‰¡ vy$ApA¡ AëL$dpl Y$sp¡ lsp¡.
dpfp Apdpg_¡ lSy> sp¡ 28 qv$hk S> \ep
lsp L$¡ dpfu buÆ dykubs v|$f \B. 37dp qv$hk¡,
97
vy$Ap A¡ AëL$dp
A_y¾$drZL$p
dpfp¡ A¡L$ rdÓ, S>¡_u `pk¡\u dpf¡ `¥kp g¡hp_p
lsp, s¡ Aphu_¡ d_¡ `|fu fL$d Ap`u Nep¡ A_¡
L$üy„, "spfp¡ L$fÅ¡ Q|L$hu _pM.' 40 qv$hk `|fp
\ep sp¡ dpfu _pZpL$ue sL$gua `Z v|$f \B NB.
Aphu fus¡ dpfu b^u sL$guap¡ v|$f \B NB.
buÅ¡ âk„N :
D`f S>Zph¡g âk„N_¡ lSy> sp¡ A¡L$ S>
hfk \ey„ lsy„ L$¡ d_¡ A¡L$ buÆ dykubs Aphu
`X$u. ly„ A_¡ dpfp A¡L$ rdÓ¡ s¡lfp__p A¡L$ h¡`pfu
kp\¡ kp¡v$p¡ L$ep£ lsp¡ L$¡ s¡ Adpfp dpV$¡ AdyL$ dpg
Mfuv$¡. dpfp rdÓ¡ ¥kp_p¡ b„v$p¡bõs L$fu_¡ s¡_¡ ¥kp
dp¡L$gu Apàep. kp¡v$p âdpZ¡ Ad_¡ ÓZ qv$hk_u
A„v$f dpg dmu S>hp¡ Å¡Bsp¡ lsp¡ `Z Adp¡_¡
Mbf `X$u L$¡ Ap h¡`pfuA¡ Adp¡_¡ s\p A¡L$ b„¡L$_¡
98
vy$Ap A¡ AëL$dp
A_y¾$drZL$p
7 L$fp¡X$ sydp__u R>¡sf`]X$u L$fu lsu A_¡ s¡ cpNu
Nep¡ lsp¡. Adp¡A¡ s¡ h¡`pfu_¡ ip¡^hp_u ÓZ
dql_p ky^u L$p¡qiip¡ L$fu `R>u Adp¡ lspi \B
Nep. R>¡hV$¡ d¢ afu qTepfs¡ Api|fp \Lu Bdpd¡
Tdp_p (A.k.) _u dv$v$ g¡hp_y„ _½$u L$ey¯.
d¢ qTepfs Y$hu iê$ L$fu. lSy> 20 qv$hk
S> \ep lsp L$¡ s¡ h¡`pfu_p¡ ap¡_ Apìep¡ A_¡ 40
qv$hk ky^udp„ sp¡ Adp¡_¡ Adpfu `|fu fL$d dmu
NB. Å¡L$¡ buÅAp¡_¡ s¡Ap¡_p `¥kp dýep _lu.
R>¡hV$¡ Ap h¡`pfu_u ^f`L$X$ \B A_¡ s¡_¡ s¡_p
Ny_plp¡ dpV$¡ S>¡g S>hy„ Xey„.
Aphu fus¡, qTepfs¡ Api|fp \L$u dpfu
sL$guap¡ v|$f \B A_¡ d_¡ fpls dmu. R>sp„ A¡L$
hps L$l¡hu S>ê$fu R>¡ L$¡ bß¡ âk„Np¡A¡ Äepf¡ ly„
99
vy$Ap A¡ AëL$dp
A_y¾$drZL$p
qTepfs `Y$sp¡ lsp¡ sp¡ ly„ Bdpd_u sL$guap¡ A_¡
Nd_¡ epv$ L$fsp¡ lsp¡. A_¡ Myv$ ê$v$_ L$fsp¡ lsp¡ A_¡
`yfp rhðkp A_¡ cfp¡kp\u ly„ qTepfs Y$sp¡ lsp¡.
(28)dp¥s_y„ õhà_
A¡L$ Aprgd L$l¡ R>¡ L$¡ s¡Ap¡_p L$pL$p k¥èev$
Abyg L$prkd S>¡Ap¡A¡, "Dfhsyg hyõL$p'_y„
cpjp„sf L$ey¯ R>¡ A_¡ S>¡Ap¡ dy‰p lyk¥_ Ly$‰u
ldv$p_u_p S>dpB R>¡, s¡Ap¡ fp¡S> Tp¡lf `l¡gp„
qTepfs¡ Api|fp Y$sp lsp. L$p¡B L$p¡B hMs s¡Ap¡
b¡ hMs qTepfs `Y$sp lsp. A¡L$ hMs s¡Ap¡A¡
õhà_ Å¡ey„ S>¡dp„ dpZkp¡ s¡_p S>_pTp¡ s¡ S>Áep
D`f gB Apìep Äep„ "ApNp dil|f' _dpT¡
S>dps Y$phsp lsp. s¡Ap¡A¡ A¡L$ fp¡i_u Z Å¡B
S>¡ S>_pTp\u S>ßs ky^u a¡gpA¡gu lsu, S>¡dp„
100
vy$Ap A¡ AëL$dp
A_y¾$drZL$p
OZp bpN-bNuQpAp¡ lsp. Ap bNuQpAp¡dp„\u
s¡Ap¡A¡ A¡L$ bNuQp¡ Å¡ep¡.
\p¡X$p hMs `R>u, k¥ev$ Abyg L$pqkd
NyS>fu Nep. s¡Ap¡A¡ õhà_dp„ S>¡ S>Áep Å¡B lsu
Ðep„S> s¡Ap¡_¡ v$a_ L$fhpdp„ Apìep. ApNp byTyN®
s¡lfp_uA¡ s¡Ap¡_u _dpT¡ S>_pTp `Y$phu. `R>u
Ap Aprgd gM¡ R>¡ L$¡, "d¡ Qp¡L$kpB L$fhp _½$u L$ey¯
L$¡ ly„ `Z k¥ev$ Abyg L$pqkd¡ õhà_dp„ Å¡e¡g
bNuQp¡ Å¡B iLy$ Ry„> L$¡ _rl. A_¡ ly„ k¥ev$¡ bsph¡g
bNuQp¡ Å¡hpdp„ kam Z \ep¡.'
(29)L$fS> Av$p L$fhp bpbs
k¥ev$ lk_ Nfhu S>¡ fTp Nfhu_p qv$L$fp
R>¡, s¡Ap¡ gM¡ R>¡ L$¡ : "dpfp r`sp_y„ L$pfMp_y„
Bõalp_dp„ lsy„. Ap âk„N rl.k. 1325_p¡ R>¡. s¡
101
vy$Ap A¡ AëL$dp
A_y¾$drZL$p
L$pfMp_dp„ Qp¡fu \B NB. Qp¡f `L$X$pB Nep¡, `Z
s¡Z¡ s¡_p¡ Ny_p¡l L$b|g L$ep£ _l] S>¡\u s¡_¡ R>
drl_p_u kÅ \B. Qp¡fu_p¡ dpg ip¡^hp dpV$¡ dpfp
r`spA¡ 40 qv$hk qTepfs¡ Api|fp `Y$hp_y„ _½$u
L$ey¯. v$ffp¡S> khpf¡ _dpT `R>u s¡Ap¡ qTepfs,
100 gp_s s\p kgpd A_¡ "vy$ApA¡ AëL$dp'
`Y$sp lsp. 40 qv$hk R>u Z qTepfs Y$hp_y„
Qpgy fp¿ey„ S>¡\u Qp¡fpA¡g dpg dmu Åe.'
`Qpkd¡ qv$hk¡, dpfu 11 hfk_u bl¡_¡
õhà_ Å¡ey„. s¡dp„ s¡ZuA¡ 4 k¥ev$ dpZk A_¡ 1
k¥ev$ ÷u_¡ A¡L$ fp¡V$gu_u vy$L$p_ pk¡\u kpf \sp
Å¡ep. dpfu bl¡_¡ s¡Ap¡_¡ kgpd L$fu. s¡Ap¡A¡
kgpd_p¡ S>hpb Apàep¡ A_¡ L$üy„, "sdpfp r`sp_¡
L$l¡Å¡ L$¡ Adp¡ S>ëv$u sdpfp¡ Qp¡fpA¡g dpg `pR>p¡
102
vy$Ap A¡ AëL$dp
A_y¾$drZL$p
Ap`u v$Biy„, `Z sdpfp r`spA¡ L$f¡g L$fS>
s¡Ap¡A¡ Av$p L$fhp¡ X$i¡.'
\p¡X$p qv$hkp¡ `R>u, Ap Qp¡f¡ bÅfdp„ dpg
h¡Qhp dpV$¡ d|¼ep¡. lh¡ Adpfp dpg D`f Adpfp¡
dpL$p£ lsp¡. s¡ rkhpe Adpfp Qp¡fpA¡g dpg_u
rhNsp¡ R>p`pAp¡dp„ R>`pB NB lsu. S>¡\u dpg
Mfuv$hphpmp¡ kdÆ Nep¡ L$¡ Ap dpg k¥ev$ fTp
Nfhu_p¡ R>¡. s¡ h¡`pfu_u dv$v$\u Adp¡_¡ Qp¡f_¡
`L$X$u `pX$¹ep¡. Ap Qp¡f buÅ¡ L$p¡B _l] `Z s¡S>
dpZk lsp¡ S>¡_¡ `L$X$hpdp„ Apìep¡ lsp¡ A_¡ S>¡_¡
R> drl_p_u kÅ \B lsu. bpL$u bQ¡gp¡ dpg
Qp¡f_¡ `pR>p¡ Ap`hp¡ `X$ep¡ A_¡ s¡Z¡ `p¡sp_u
rS>„v$Nu_p bpL$u_p qv$hkp¡ sL$guap¡ A_¡ Nfubudp„
rhspìep.
103
vy$Ap A¡ AëL$dp
A_y¾$drZL$p
Al] S>¡ L$fS>_u hps R>¡, s¡_p¡ D‰¡M L$fhp¡
S>ê$fu R>¡. rl.k. 1321dp„ dpfp r`spÆ lS> dpV$¡
d½$p Nep lsp. Ðep„ s¡Ap¡_¡ Apesy‰pl dp¡iuf¡_p
ârsr_^u lpÆ lyk¥_Agu v$fbu L$p¡iL$u kp\¡
rlkpb L$fhp_p¡ lsp¡ dpfp r`spÆ_¡ epv$ Apìey„ L$¡
sAp¡A¡ 3000 sydp_ Ap`hp_p bpL$u R>¡ s¡Ap¡A¡
syfs lyk¥_Agu v$fbu_¡ Ðep„ Nep A_¡ fL$d Ap`u
v$u^u.
(30)b^p A¡L$ S> S>Áep D`f
A¡L$ dpZk S>Zph¡ R>¡ L$¡ d¢ õhà_ Å¡ey
S>¡dp„ Apesy‰p lyk¥_ Mpv$du (f.A.), i¡M
Aåbpk Ly$çdu (f.A.) A_¡ i¡M Aåvy$g S>hpv$
(f.A.) S>ßs_p A¡L$ Apguip_ L$dfpdp„ c¡Np
\ep lsp. d¢ Apesy‰pl Mpv$du_¡ kgpd L$fu A_¡
104
vy$Ap A¡ AëL$dp
A_y¾$drZL$p
`|R>¹ey„, "ApS>¡ L$¡d sdp¡ b^p A¡L$S> S>ÁepA¡ A_¡
A¡L$ S> qv$hp_ Mp_pdp„ c¡Np \ep R>p¡?'
Apesy‰pl Mpv$duA¡ S>hpb Apàep¡, "Adp¡ b^p
l„d¡ip qTepfs¡ Api|fp Y$sp lsp A_¡ S>¡V$gu hpf
d¢ rTepfs¡ `Y$u R>¡ s¡V$gu S> hpf Ap bß¡A¡ `Y$u
R>¡.'
(31)AkpÝe fp¡N
A¡L$ rhÜp_ L$l¡ R>¡ L$¡, "dpfu `Ð_u_¡ ifuf¡
Np„W$ \B lsu. Å¡L$¡ d_¡ Mbf lsu _lu. A¡L$ fpÓ¡ d¢
õhà_dp„ Å¡ey„ L$¡ ly„ A¡L$ Ap¡fX$pdp„ akpB Nep¡ Ry„>
A_¡ Ðep„\u _uL$mhp_p¡ L$p¡B fõsp¡ _\u. Ap
Ap¡fX$pdp„ a¼s ÓZ qv$hp bmu füp lsp. S>¡ A„^pê„$
v|$f L$fu füp lsp. \p¡X$p hMs `R>u Ap Ap¡fX$pdp„
105
vy$Ap A¡ AëL$dp_p¡ sfS|>dp¡
A_y¾$drZL$p
A¡L$ KV$ v$pMg \ey„ A_¡ v$fhpÅ pk¡ fõsp¡ fp¡L$u_¡
b¡ku Ney„. d_¡ X$f gpNhp gpÁep¡. d¢ vy$Ap L$fhp_y„
iê$ L$ey¯ Ðep„ sp¡ dpfu Ap„M AQp_L$ Mygu NB.
\p¡X$p qv$hk `R>u dpfu `Ð_u budpf `X$u.
syfs S> ly„ s¡_¡ X$p¡L$V$f `pk¡ gB Nep¡ S>¡Z¡ d_¡
Np„W$_u ÅZ L$fu A_¡ L$üy„ L$¡ Å¡ syfs i÷¾$uep
(Ap¡`f¡i_) L$fhpdp„ _l] Aph¡ sp¡ Æh_
Å¡Mddp„ R>¡. gNcN b^p gp¡L$p¡_y„ A¡hy„ dp_hy„ lsy
L$¡ Bfp_u X$p¡L$V$fp¡ L$p„B L$fu iL$i¡ _rl„ A_¡ dpf¡ buÅ¡
L$p¡B fõsp¡ rhQpfhp¡ Å¡BA¡. R>sp„ `Z A¡L$ Bfp_u
X$p¡L$V$f S>¡_yy„ _pd kBv$ lsy„ s¡ Ap Ap¡`f¡i_ L$fhp
s¥epf lsp¡. Z s¡_u au bly h^y lsu S>¡ ly„ Ap`u
iLy$ s¡hu qõ\rs lsu _l]. `R>u d¢ _½$u L$ey¯ L$¡
Api|fp_p Apdpg bÅhu gphui A_¡ Bdpd¡
106
vy$Ap A¡ AëL$dp_p¡ sfS|>dp¡
A_y¾$drZL$p
Tdp_p (A.k.)_p hkugp\u dv$v$ dp„Nui.
`R>u Äepf¡ Ap¡`f¡i_ \B Ney„ sp¡ ly„ au
gB_¡ X$p¡L$V$f `pk¡ Nep¡ `Z s¡Z¡ s¡ g¡hp_p¡ BÞL$pf
L$ep£. X$p¡¼V$f¡ Mygpkp¡ L$ep£,' "d_¡ Dçduv$ _ lsu L$¡
Ap Ap¡`f¡i_ kam \i¡. S>¡\u d¢ dßs L$fu lsu L$¡
Å¡ Ap Ap¡`fi¡_ kam \i¡ sp¡ ly„ au _l] gJ.'
Myv$p_p aTgp¡ L$fd\u Ap¡`f¡i_ kam \ey„ A_¡
budpf _¡ iap dmu NB.
Ap rhÜp_ L$l¡ R>¡ L$¡, "dpfp D`f L$p¡B `Z
A¡hu dykubs _\u `X$u S>¡ Api|fp_p Apdpg\u
v|$f _ \B lp¡e.'
(32)Arhðpky dykpaf
A¡L$ k¥ev$ gM¡ R>¡ L$¡, "rl.k.1370_p
lS>_u rkT_ `l¡gp„_u Ap hps R>¡. kfL$pf¡ Ål¡f 107
vy$Ap A¡ AëL$dp_p¡ sfS|>dp¡
A_y¾$drZL$p
L$ey¯ lsy„ L$¡ S>¡Ap¡ pk¡ "`fduV$' R>¡ s¡Ap¡S> lS> dpV$¡
S>B iL$i¡.'
"Ap Ål¡fps\u ly„ `f¡ip_ \B Nep¡ L$pfZ
L$¡ ly„ lS> dpV$¡ S>hp dp„Nsp¡ lsp¡. d¢ qTepfs¡
Api|fp `Y$hu iê$ L$fu v$u^u A_¡ l. Bdpd lyk¥_
(A.k.) _u dv$v$ dp„Nhp gpÁep¡. 40 qv$hk `|fp
\ep R>sp„ L$p„B qfZpd Apìey„ _l]. R>u A¡L$ fpÓ¡
ly„ "v$põsp_¡ iNyasp qTepfs¡ Api|fp'_p g¡ML$_u
`pk¡ Nep¡ A_¡ dpfu dykubs S>Zphu.' s¡Ap¡A¡
qTepfs¡ Api|fp \L$u S>¡ S>¡ gp¡L$p¡_¡ apev$p \ep lsp
s¡hp âk„Np¡ c¡Np L$ep® lsp. `Z s¡Ap¡A¡ s¡hp
âk„Np¡ A¡L$W$p L$ep® _ lsp S>¡dp„ qTepfs¡ Api|fp_p
Apdpg `R>u L$p„B apev$p¡ \ep¡ _ lsp¡. d¢ s¡Ap¡_¡
rh_„su L$fu L$¡ s¡Ap¡ A¡hp âk„Np¡ `Z A¡L$W$p L$f¡
108
vy$Ap A¡ AëL$dp_p¡ sfS|>dp¡
A_y¾$drZL$p
S>¡dp„ qTepfs¡ Api|fp `Y$hp `R>u S>¡Ap¡_u BÃR>p
`|Z® \B _ lp¡e. ly„ BÃR>sp¡ lsp¡ L$¡ "40 qv$hk Å¡
qTepfs¡ Api|fp `Y$p¡ sp¡ sdpfu BÃR>p `|Z® \pe
R>¡.' s¡ îÙp Mp¡V$u yfhpf L$ê„$.
s¡ fpÓ¡ dpfp¡ cpB Apìep¡ A_¡ L$üy„,
"Ap`Zu |fu L$p¡riip¡ R>sp kfL$pf_p hgZdp„ L$p„B
a¡fapf _\u. Aphsu L$pg¡ Ap`Z¡ s¡lfp_ S>Biy„
L$v$pQ Ðep„ Ap`Ï„ L$pd \B Åe.' buS>¡ qv$hk¡ Ad¡
b^p v$õsph¡Å¡ (X$p¡¼eyd¡ÞV$k) gB_¡ s¡lfp_ Nep.
`Z Ðep„ Adp¡_¡ r_fpip kp„`X$u. Ad¡ Ly$d S>hp_u
s¥epfu L$fu füp lsp L$¡ A¡L$ dpZk Adpfu `pk¡
Apìep¡ A_¡ L$üy„ L$¡ sdp¡ agpZp dpZk _¡ dmp¡.
L$v$pQ sdpê„$ L$pd \B Åe. s¡Z¡ L$üy„ L$¡ ApNm Z
OZu hMs s¡ dpZk¡ s¡_y„ L$pd L$fu Apàey„ R>¡. d¢
109
vy$Ap A¡ AëL$dp_p¡ sfS|>dp¡
A_y¾$drZL$p
dpfp cpB _¡ L$üy„ L$¡ Å¡ ApS>¡ Ap`Ï„ L$pd \B S>i¡
sp¡ s¡ Apdpg¡ Api|fp A_¡ Myv$p_u dl¡fbp_u \L$u
Ad¡ s¡ dpZk_¡ dýep. Adpfp¡ "L$¡k' Å¡B_¡ s¡Z¡
`Z lp\ KQp L$fu gu^p A_¡ L$üy„, "sdpfp
"L$¡k'_p¡ L$p¡B r_L$pg v$¡Mpsp¡ _\u. A_¡ kdS>dp„
_\u Aphsy„ L$¡ iy„ L$ê$.' Ad¡ lÆ QQp® L$fu S> füp
lsp Ðep„ sp¡ ap¡__u O„V$u hpNu. kpd¡ R>¡X$¡\u Aakf¡
L$üy„ L$¡ buÅ 15 dpZk_p `pk`p¡V®$_p¡ b„v$p¡bõs
L$fp¡ S>¡\u s¡Ap¡ Z lS> f S>B iL$¡. d¢ AfS> L$fu
L$¡ Ap `„v$f dpZkp¡_p _pddp„ dpê$ _pd `Z
Dd¡fhpdp„ Aph¡. Ðep„ sp¡ buÅ¡ ap¡_ Apìep¡, A_¡
Ap dpZk_¡ L$l¡hpdp„ Apìey„ L$¡ s¡_u dpsp R>¡‰p
ðpkp¡ NZu flu R>¡ A_¡ s¡Z¡ syfs lprõ`V$gdp„ S>hy„
Å¡BA¡. Ap dpZk¡ dpfp `pk`p¡V®$ bpbs¡ lyLd
Apàep¡ A_¡ lp¡rõ`V$g S>hp fhp_p \ep¡. 1 gu 110
vy$Ap A¡ AëL$dp_p¡ sfS|>dp¡
A_y¾$drZL$p
qTëlS> ky^u dpfp¡ `pk`p¡V®$ s¥epf \B Nep¡ A_¡
2Æ qTëlS>_p sp¡ pk`p¡V®$ dpfp lp\dp„ lsp¡ A_¡
3Æ rTëlS>_p sp¡ ly„ Æv«p S>hp fhp_p \B Nep¡.
Aphu fus¡ d_¡ Myv$p_p Of_u lS> L$fhp_y„ _kub
\ey„.
Al] Ap D‰¡M L$fhp¡ S>ê$fu R>¡ L$¡ buÅ
`Z OZp dpZkp¡ lsp S>¡Ap¡ lS> `f S>hp dpV$¡
sÐ`f lsp. sv$¹ D`fp„s s¡Ap¡_p `pk`p¡V®$ s¥epf
lsp R>sp„ s¡Ap¡ lS> dpV$¡ S>B iL$ep _l].
Äepf¡ ly„ lS> L$fu_¡ `pR>p¡ Apìep¡ Ðepf¡
dpfp A¡L$ rdÓ_u dygpL$ps \B S>¡Z¡ lS> `f S>hp
dpV$¡ A‰pl pk¡ OZu vy$ApAp¡ dp„Nu lsu R>sp„ s¡
S>B i¼ep¡ _l]. d¢ `|R>ey„, "sdp¡A¡ qTepfs¡
Api|fp Y$u lsu?' s¡Z¡ S>hpb Apàep¡, "qTepfs¡
111
vy$Ap A¡ AëL$dp_p¡ sfS|>dp¡
A_y¾$drZL$p
Api|fp rkhpe d¢ buÆ b^u vy$ApAp¡ Y$u lsu.'
Ap kp„cmu_¡ d_¡ dpfu c|g kdS>dp„ Aphu L$¡
qTepfs¡ Api|fp âÐe¡_p¡ dpfp¡ Arhðpk Mp¡V$p¡
lsp¡. lh¡ dpf¡ dp_hy„ X$ey„ L$¡ Ap qTepfs_u Akfp¡
QdÐL$pfuL$ R>¡.
(33)40 rhÛp\}Ap¡_u k„v$Nu
Apesy‰pl lyˆ$s Ly$l L$dfB (f.A.) A_¡
ApNpA¡ Nygdp¡lçdv$ Acpfu_p _ÆL$_p kp\u
ApNp _pkufuA¡ Ap âk„N g¿ep¡ R>¡. (buÅ
gp¡L$p¡A¡ `Z Ap âk„N _¼g L$ep£ R>¡). s¡ vy$L$pm_p¡
kde lsp¡. gp¡L$p¡ `f¡ip_ lsp A_¡ kdS>dp„
Aphsy„ _ lsy„ L$¡ iy„ L$fhy„. b^p rhÛp\}Ap¡ `Z
`f¡ip_ lsp L$pfZ L$¡ s¡Ap¡_y„ drl_p_y„ cÕ\y 10
sydp_ lsy„, Äepf¡ A¡L$ fp¡V$gu 1 sydp_dp„ dmsu
112
vy$Ap A¡ AëL$dp_p¡ sfS|>dp¡
A_y¾$drZL$p
lsu. R>¡hV$¡ Apesy‰pl lyˆ$s Ly$l L$dfB (f.A.)
40 rhÛp\}Ap¡_¡ bp¡gpìep A_¡ dqõS>v$¡ S>dL$fp_
S>hp L$üy„. v$f¡L¡ qTepfs¡ Api|fp Y$hp_u lsu A_¡
Bdpd¡ d|k¡ L$pqTd (A.k.), S>_pb¡ Abyg
aTgug Aåbpk (A.k.) A_¡ S>_pb¡ Agu
AkNf (A.k.)\u dv$v$ dp„Nhp_u lsu. Ap 40
rhÛp\}Ap¡ A¡ qTepfs `Y$hp_y„ iê$ L$ey¯. Ap a¼s
qTepfs_u bfL$s lsu L$¡ AQp_L$ O_Op¡f hpv$mp¡
R>hpB Nep A_¡ hfkpv$ iê$ \B Nep¡. vy$L$pm_p¡ X$f
v|$f \ep¡ A_¡ gp¡L$p¡A¡ r_fp„s_p¡ ðpk gu^p¡.
(34)"dp ET¡e _buèey_....'
_buA¡ dyfkg l. dp¡lçdv$ (k.A.h.)
_p¡ Bfipv$ R>¡ L$¡, "dp ET¡ep _buèey_, dkg dp
DTusp¡...' S>¡_p¡ sfS|>dp¡ A¡ R>¡ L$¡, "d_¡ S>¡ sL$guap¡
113
qTepfs¡ Api|fp N¥f dAê$a
A_y¾$drZL$p
A_¡ dykubsp¡ _p¡ kpd_p¡ L$fhp¡ X$ep¡ R>¡ s¡ ApNgp
_buAp¡_¡ _\u L$fhp¡ X$ep¡.'
Ap lv$uk _p A_yk„^p_dp„ Apesy‰p i¡M
AfpL$u gM¡ R>¡ L$¡ A_¡L$ sL$guap¡ D`fp„s A¡L$ A¡hu
dykubs S>¡ buÅ _buAp¡_¡ kl_ L$fhu _\u X$u
s¡ dykubs R>¡ Alg¡b¥s (A.k.) `f fk|g¡
Myv$p_u haps `R>u \e¡g Tyëd. S>¡ S>¡ dykubsp¡
A¡lg¡b¥s (A.k.) f X$u s¡dp„ L$fbgp Z R>¡.
A‰pl¡ rS>b°Bg dpfas fk|g¡ Myv$p (k.A.h.)_¡
Ap dykubs_u ÅZ L$fu lsu A_¡ `p¡sp_u haps
`R>u A¡lg¡b¥s (A.k.) `f \_pfp Tyëdp¡_u
rhNsp¡ kp„cmu s¡Ap¡ NdNu_ fl¡sp lsp. S>¡\u
s¡Ap¡_¡ v$ugpkp¡ Ap`hp dpV$¡ A‰pl¡ fk|g¡ Myv$p_¡
qTepfs¡ Api|fp riMhu lsu A_¡ s¡_p
114
qTepfs¡ Api|fp N¥f dAê$a
A_y¾$drZL$p
apev$pAp¡\u hpLua L$ep® lsp. Ap qTepfs \L$u
L$fpA¡g vy$ApAp¡_¡ L$b|g L$fhp_u bp„l¡^fu A‰pl¡
`p¡s¡ Ap`u R>¡.
A‰pl¡ Ap qTepfs rS>b°Bg dpfas
fk|g¡ Myv$p (k.A.h.)_¡ Ap`u, S>¡\u A¡lg¡b¥s
(A.k.) A_¡ riepAp¡ Myi \pe. S>¡ gp¡L$p¡ Ap
qTepfs `Y$¡ R>¡ s¡Ap¡A¡ Myi \hy„ Å¡BA¡ L$¡ Ap
qTepfs\u s¡Ap¡_¡ vy$r_ep s\p ApM¡fs_p OZp
apev$pAp¡ \pe R>¡ A_¡ A_¡L$ sL$guap¡\u fpls dm¡
R>¡ Ap S L$pfZ R>¡ L$¡ l. Bdpd¡ kpqv$L$ (A.k.),
s¡Ap¡_p v$pv$p l. Bdpd¡ lyk¥_ (A.k.) A_¡
s¡Ap¡A¡ s¡d_p cpB l.Bdpd lk_¡ dyS>sbp
(A.k.) A_¡ s¡Ap¡A¡ s¡d_p hprgv$¡ byTyN®hpf l.
Bdpd¡ Agu (A.k.) A_¡ s¡Ap¡A¡ fk|g¡ M|v$p
115
qTepfs¡ Api|fp N¥f dAê$a
A_y¾$drZL$p
(k.A.h.)\u A_¡ s¡Ap¡A¡ rS>b°Bg (A.k.)\u
A_¡ rS>b°Bg¡ A‰pl (ky.h.s.) \u Ap qfhpes
L$fu R>¡ L$¡ Å¡ L$p¡B dykubsdp„ lp¡e A_¡ qTepfs
`Y$u_¡ v|$Ap L$f¡ sp¡ A‰pl (ky.h.s.) `p¡sp_p
S>gpg A_¡ spL$s\u A_¡ A¡lg¡b¥s (A.k.)_u
dp¡låbs Mpsf s¡_u vy$Ap L$b|g L$fi¡.
Ap g¡ML$ D`f Ap b^y„ g¿ep `R>u A¡L$
A¡hu dykubs Aphu L$¡ S>¡dp„\u _uL$mhp_p¡ L$p¡B
fõsp¡ v$¡Mpsp¡ lsp¡ _lu. d¢ dykubs v|$f L$fhp dpV$¡
qTepfs¡ Api|fp_p¡ klpfp¡ gu^p¡. A‰pl
(ky.h.s.)A¡ `p¡sp_p aTgp¡L$fd\u A_¡
Alg¡b¥s (A.k.)_p hkugp\u d_¡ A¡V$gp¡ S>ëv$u
dykubs\u Ry>V$L$pfp¡ Apàep¡ L$¡ d_¡ ApS> ky^u
AQ„bp¡ \pe R>¡. Ap S> L$pfZ¡ dpfu lpqv®$L$ BÃR>p
116
qTepfs¡ Api|fp N¥f dAê$a
A_y¾$drZL$p
lsu L$¡ ly„ v|$Ap_u qL$spb gMy„ S>¡\u dpfp dp¡du_
cpBAp¡ s¡_p \L$u `p¡sp_u lpS>sp¡ dp„Nu iL$¡ A_¡
Apas bgp v|$f L$fu iL$¡.
(35)Apesyëgpl b¡lS>su_u v|$fA„v$¡iu
Ap âk„N Ap g¡ML$¡ p¡s¡ g¿ep¡ R>¡ :-
rl.k. 1412_u 12du qTëL$pv$,
iy¾$hpf_p ly„ Apesy‰pl b¡lS>s _¡ dmhp Nep¡,
S>¡\u ly„ s¡Ap¡_p¡ qTepfs¡ Api|fp rhj¡_p¡ Arcâpe
ÅZu iLy„$. d¢ L$üy„, "ly„ A¡L$ qL$spb gMu füp¡ Ry„>
S>¡dp„ qTepfs¡ Api|fp \L$u S>¡Ap¡_u vy$ApAp¡ L$b|g
\B R>¡ A_¡ S>¡Ap¡_¡ gpc \ep¡ R>¡ s¡_u rhNsp¡
A¡L$W$u L$fu füp¡ R>y„. bly S>ëv$u ly„ Ap qL$spb
S>_sp_p gpcp\£ R>`phhp dp„Ny Ry„>. ly„ BÃRy> Ry„> L$¡
qTepfs rhj¡_p¡ sdpfp¡ Arcâpe `Z ly„ s¡dp
117
qTepfs¡ Api|fp N¥f dAê$a
A_y¾$drZL$p
Dd¡ê„$ sp¡ dpfu rh_„su R>¡ L$¡ sdp¡ s¡_p gpcp¡ rhj¡ d_¡
L$lp¡.'
Apesy‰pl¡ L$üy„, "Ap qTepfs_p¡ hSy>v$ S>
s¡_p QdÐL$pfp¡_p¡ yfphp¡ R>¡. Ap lL$uL$s _p¢^`pÓ R>¡
L$¡ l. Bdpd¡ kpqv$L$ (A.k.)d¡ Ap qTepfs
kahp__¡ L$lu S>¡\u s¡_y„ dlÒh OÏ h^u Åe R>¡.
l. Bdpd¡ kpqv$L$ (A.k.)A¡ kahp__¡ L$üy„,' "S>¡
Ap qTepfs `Y$i¡ s¡_p dpV$¡ ly„ Ap ÓZ QuÅ¡_p¡
Ådu_ Ry„>.'
(1) s¡_u qTepfs L$b|g \i¡.
(2) s¡_p¡ khpb dmi¡ A_¡
(3) s¡ S>¡ L$p„B vy$Ap dp„Ni¡ s¡ vy$Ap L$b|g \i¡.
A_¡ Ae kahp_ ! Ap Ådu__u hps d¢
118
qTepfs¡ Api|fp N¥f dAê$a
A_y¾$drZL$p
dpfp hpqgv$\u A_¡ s¡dZ¡ s¡d_p r`sp\u kp„cmu
R>¡. A_¡ Ap rkgrkgp¡ R>¡hV$¡ Aduê$g dp¡œAd¡_u_
(A.k.) ky^u `lp¢Q¡ R>¡. Aduê$g dp¡œAd¡_u_
(A.k.), Ap lv$uk fk|g¡ Myv$p (k.A.h.)\u
kp„cmu R>¡. S>¡Ap¡A¡ rS>b°Bg\u A_¡ rS>b°Bg¡
A‰pl\u kp„cmu R>¡. A‰pl pL$¡ L$kd Mp^u R>¡ L$¡
S>¡ L$p¡B Ap qTepfs vy$ApA¡ AëL$dpl kp\¡ Y$i¡.
`R>u s¡ v|$f\u lp¡e A\hp _S>v$uL$\u- s¡_u
qTepfs ly„ L$b|g L$fui A_¡ s¡_u BÃR>pAp¡ `|Z®
L$fui.'
Apesy‰pl b¡lS>s R>u ApNm L$l¡ R>¡ L$¡,
"Ap qTepfs_p rkgrkgp_¡ Å¡sp„ Ap lv$uk_¡
"Alpv$uk¡ Ly$v$ku' dp„_u lv$ukp¡dp„\u A¡L$ lv$uk
dp_hpdp„ Aph¡ R>¡. ("Alpv$uk¡ Ly$v$ku's¡ L$gpd R>¡
119
qTepfs¡ Api|fp N¥f dAê$a
A_y¾$drZL$p
S>¡ A‰pl\u R>¡ Z Ly$fAp_¡ ifuadp„ s¡_p¡ kdph¡i
_\u)Ap s¡S> qTepfs R>¡ S>¡ riepAp¡_p blyS>
dil|f A_¡ byT|N® Aprgdp¡ s¡Ap¡ v$u_u L$pdL$pS>dp„
ìeõs fl¡hp R>sp„ l„d¡ip Y$sp lsp. v$p.s.
(1) Apesy‰pl i¡M dp¡lçdv$ lyk¥_ Bkalp_u
S>¡Ap¡ dpfp Dõspv$ lsp A_¡ S>¡Ap¡A¡ OZu qL$spbp¡
gMu R>¡ s¡Ap¡ vyAp L$fsp lsp L$¡ s¡Ap¡_u ê$l
qTepfs¡ Api|fp Y$sp„ Y$sp„ _uL$mu Åe. A‰pl
(ky.h.s.) s¡Ap¡_u vy$Ap L$b|g L$fu A_¡ s¡Ap¡
qTepfs¡ Api|fp Y$sp„ Y$sp„ NyS>fu Nep.
(2) Apesy‰pl i¡M dy‰p kv$fp S>¡Ap¡ au¼l dp„
`pf„Ns lsp. s¡Ap¡ qTepfs¡ Api|fp `Y$hp_p
`pb„v$ lsp A_¡ L$v$u sL®$ L$fsp _ lsp. dpfu ÅZdp„
s¡Ap¡ L$fsp„ h^y Mygyk A_¡ Qp¡L$kpB\u qTepfs
120
qTepfs¡ Api|fp N¥f dAê$a
A_y¾$drZL$p
`Y$phphpmp buÅ L$p¡B lsp _lu.
(3) A¡L$ dil|f rhÜp_ gM¡ R>¡ L$¡, "ly„ hpv$uDk
kgpddp„ Bdpd¡ dlv$u (A.s.a.)_p dL$pd¡ Dcp¡
lsp¡. d_¡ AQ„bp¡ \ep¡ L$¡ A¡L$ _|fp_u Ql¡fphpmp
byTyN® qTepf¡s Api|fp `Y$u füp lsp. Äepf¡ ly„
s¡Ap¡_u _S>v$uL$ Nep¡ sp¡ dpfp¡ AQ„bp¡ h^u Nep¡
L$¡d ÅZ¡ L$p¡B X$v$p¡ KQL$pB Nep¡ lp¡e. d¢ l. Bdpd
lyk¥_ (A.k.)_p¡ fp¡Tp¡ Å¡ep¡ A_¡ TpBfu_p¡_¡
Aphsp S>sp Å¡ep. d_¡ dpfu Ap„Mp¡ D`f rhðpk
_ lsp¡. S>¡hp¡ ly„ \p¡X$p¡L$ `pR>m lV$ep¡ sp¡ Öíe
Ap„Mp¡\u Ap¡S>g \B Ney„. Äepf¡ ly„ ApNm hÝep¡
sp¡ afu d_¡ Öíe v$¡MpÏ„. OZu hMs d¢ Aphu fus¡
L$ey¯ A_¡ v$f¡L$ hMs¡ s¡ S> qfZpd Apìey„.'
buS>¡ qv$hk¡ khpf¡, ly„ pR>p¡ s¡ S> S>ÁepA¡
121
qTepfs¡ Api|fp N¥f dAê$a_p¡ sfS|>dp¡
A_y¾$drZL$p
Nep¡ S>¡\u ly„ s¡ TpBf_u Ap¡mM L$fu iLy„$. s¡_p
`X$p¡iuAp¡A¡ L$üy„ L$¡ s¡ TpBf Aphsp¡ lsp¡ Z lh¡
s¡ Qpëep¡ Nep¡ R>¡. d_¡ s¡_¡ dmhp_u OZu BÃR>p
lsu, sp¡ afu `pR>p¡ ly„ "hpv$uDk kgpd'dp„ Nep¡.
Ap hMs¡ d¢ buÅ L$p¡B dpZk_¡ s¡ S>Áep `f
Å¡ep¡. d¢ Äepf¡ s¡_¡ ¡gp dpZk rhj¡ |R>ey„ sp¡ s¡Z¡
L$üy„ L$¡ s¡ NB L$pg¡ Qpëep¡ Nep¡.
(36)rlv$pes
A¡L$ rhÜp_ gM¡ R>¡ L$¡ "dpfp Ofk„kpf_u
sL$guap¡ A_¡ dykubsp¡\u ly„ bly `f¡ip_ lsp¡.
dpfu dykubsp¡_p¡ L$p¡B BgpS> v$¡Mpsp¡ _ lsp¡ A_¡
d_¡ iy„ L$fhy„ s¡ kdS>dp„ Aphsy„ _ lsy„. A¡L$ qv$hk
dpfu _S>f "qTepfs¡ Api|fp h Apkpf¡ iNyas'
122
qTepfs¡ Api|fp N¥f dAê$a_p¡ sfS|>dp¡
A_y¾$drZL$p
(qTepfs¡ Api|fp A_¡ s¡_u QdÐL$pfuL$ Akfp¡)
_pd_u qL$spb `f `X$u. Äepf¡ d¢ s¡dp qTepfs¡
Api|fp_u OZu QdÐL$pfu Akfp¡ rhj¡ hp„Ãey„ sp¡ d¢
dpfu sL$guap¡ v|$f L$fhp dpV$¡ qTepfs Y$hp_y„ _½$u
L$ey¯.'
d¢ qTepfs `Y$hp_y„ `l¡gu kaf rl.k.
1412dp„ iê$ L$ey¯. ly„ Ap qTepfs _¡ 100 gp_s
A_¡ kgpd s\p vy$ApA¡ AëL$dpl kp\¡ `Y$sp¡
lsp¡. 34dp„ qv$hk¡ Bv$¡ Tlfp lsu S>¡\u d¢ s¡ qv$hk¡
qTepfs `Y$u _lu. (Bv$¡ Tlfp 9du fbuDg
Aìhg_p d_phhpdp„ Aph¡ R>¡ A_¡ riepAp¡_p
Nd_p qv$hkp¡ S>¡ 1 gu dp¡lf®d\u iê$ \pe R>¡ s¡ Bv$¡
Tl¡fp_p `|fp \pe R>¡. ApS> qv$hk¡ Ddf bu_
kpAv$_¡ L$sg L$fhpdp„ Apìep¡ lsp¡. Bdpd¡ Tdp_p
123
qTepfs¡ Api|fp N¥f dAê$a_p¡ sfS|>dp¡
A_y¾$drZL$p
(A.k.)_u Bdpds `Z Ap qv$hk¡ iê$ \B R>¡.)
\p¡X$p qv$hkp¡ R>u d_¡ õhà_ Apìey„ S>¡dp d¢ Å¡ey L$¡
dpfu dpsp_p Ofdp„ OZp b^p dpZkp¡ B_pd g¡hp
dpV$¡ A¡L$W$p \ep R>¡. `Z S>¡ dpZk vy$Ap `Y$hp_p¡
lsp¡ s¡ N¡flpS>f lsp¡. s¡\u L$p¡BA¡ d_¡ vy$Ap Y$hp
L$üy„.'
Ap AS>b õhà_ Å¡B_¡ ly„ `f¡ip_ \B
Nep¡. Ap õhà__u spbuf ÅZhp dpV$¡ d¢ A¡L$
dp¡V$p rhÜp__¡ Bõalp_ ap¡_ L$ep£ A_¡ s¡d_¡ dpê„$
õhà_ L$üy„. s¡Z¡ Mygpkp¡ L$ep£, "sdpfp õhà_dp„
ÓZ QuÅ¡ dlÒh_u R>¡. S>¡dp„ kly\u dlÒh_u
bpbs qTepfs¡ Api|fp R>¡ S>¡ s¡Ap¡A¡ A^hÃQ¡
R>p¡X$u v$u^u R>¡. Å¡ sdp¡ qTepfs `Y$hp_y„ afu iê$
L$fu v$¡ip¡ sp¡ sdpfu b^u sL$guap¡ v|$f \B S>i¡.'
124
qTepfs¡ Api|fp N¥f dAê$a_p¡ sfS|>dp¡
A_y¾$drZL$p
s¡ rhÜp__p L$l¡hp dyS>b, d¢ qTepfs
`Y$hp_y„ afu iê$ L$fu v$u^y„. Qpguidp„ qv$hk¡
Akf_p hMs ky^udp„ sp¡ dpfu b^u sL$guap¡ v|$f
\B NB. \p¡X$p hMs `R>u, afu d_¡ Of k„kpf
sL$gua `X$u. afu d¢ qTepfs¡ Api|fp `Y$hu iê$
L$fu. ÓZ qv$hkdp„ d_¡ sL$guap¡\u fpls dmu.
ApS>¡ Myv$p_p aTgp¡ L$fd\u, ly„ kyMQ¡__u rS„>v$Nu
rhsphy„ Ry„>.'
(37)b¡ _L$pb`p¡i dpZkp¡
A¡L$ dpZk lsp¡ S>¡ v$f¡L$ Bdpd (A.k.)_u
rhgpv$s s\p haps_u dS>rgkp¡ L$fsp¡ lsp¡ A_¡
S>dZ_u q_epT_p¡ Z b„v$p¡bõs L$fsp¡ lsp¡.
s¡ dpZk L$l¡ R>¡ L$¡ "A¡L$ qv$hk, dpfp A¡L$
v$p¡õs¡ haps_u dS>rgk fpMu lsu. s¡Z¡ r_epT_y„
125
qTepfs¡ Api|fp N¥f dAê$a_p¡ sfS|>dp¡
A_y¾$drZL$p
S>dZ A¡L$ hpkZdp„ d_¡ dp¡L$ëey„ s¡ hMs¡ dpf¡ Ðep„
\p¡X$p dl¡dp_p¡ lsp A_¡ s¡Ap¡_u kp\¡ ly„ diN|g
lsp¡. S>¡\u s¡ hpkZ d¢ ¼ep„ d|L$ey„ R>¡ s¡ d_¡ epv$ füy„
_lu.'
\p¡X$p qv$hkp¡ `R>u, s¡Z¡ `p¡sp_y„ hpkZ
`pRy> dp„Áey„, d¢ s¡_¡ rh_„su L$fu s¡ `p¡s¡ dpfp Of¡
Aphu s¡ hpkZ ip¡^u g¡ L$pfZ L$¡ b^p hpkZp¡
"du¼k' \B Nep lsp. s¡ dpfp Of¡ Apìep¡ A_¡
`p¡sp_y„ hpkZ ip¡Ýey„ `Z s¡_¡ S>X$ey„ _l]. s¡ bly
Nyõk¡ \B Nep¡ A_¡ buÅAp¡ kpd¡ dpfu b|fpB
L$fhp gpÁep¡. s¡ Äep„ `Z S>sp¡ lsp¡ Ðep„ L$l¡sp¡
lsp¡, "ly„ dS>rgkp¡_p¡ b„v$p¡bõs L$ê$ L$¡ dpfp
hpkZp¡_y„ Ýep_ fpMy„?' s¡_u vy$íd_u A_¡ _afs
A¡V$gu h^u NB L$¡ v$f¡L dS>rgkdp„ s¡ L$l¡sp¡ L$¡, "ly„
126
qTepfs¡ Api|fp N¥f dAê$a_p¡ sfS|>dp¡
A_y¾$drZL$p
s¡_¡ dpê$ hpkZ Qphu pX$hp _lu v$J. ly„ Nd¡ s¡d
s¡ hpkZ d¡mhu_¡ S> flui.' dpfp v$p¡õsp¡A¡ d_¡
kgpl Ap`u L$¡ _hy„ hpkZ Mfuv$u_¡ s¡_¡ Ap`u v$J
A_¡ Ap dpdgp¡ `sphu v$¡hp¡. S>¡\u d¢ _hy„ hpkZ
Mfuv$u_¡ s¡_¡ Ap`u v$u^y„. s¡Z¡ L$üy„, "Å¡ d¢ L$üy„ _
lsy„ L$¡ ly„ dpê$ hpkZ d¡mhu_¡ S> flui.' Ap
dpdgp¡ Aphu fus¡ su Nep¡ Z Ap âk„N\u d_¡
OÏ„ vy$:M \ey„ lsy„ A_¡ ly„ f¡ip_ fl¡sp¡ lsp¡. R>u
A¡L$ fpÓ¡ Aphu `f¡ip_u_u lpgsdp„ d¢ qTepfs¡
Api|fp `Y$hp_y„ iê$ L$ey¯ A_¡ S>_pb¡ Tl¡fp
(k.A.) kp\¡ dy_pÅs iê$ L$fu. d¢ aqfepv$ L$fu,
"dpê„$ õhdp_ A_¡ dpfu Bˆ$s _¡ W$¡k lp¢Qu R>¡, Å¡
L$¡ Apdp„ dpfp¡ L$p„B hp„L$ _\u.' ly„ ^°yõL$¡ ^°yõL$¡ fp¡hp
gpÁep¡ A_¡ d_¡ iy„ L$fhy„ s¡ kdÅsy„ _ lsy„.
127
qTepfs¡ Api|fp N¥f dAê$a_p¡ sfS|>dp¡
A_y¾$drZL$p
Ðepf `R>u, ly„ dpfp L$pddp„ diN|g \B
Nep¡. `R>u d¢ Å¡ey„ L$¡ b¡ _L$pb`p¡i ÷uAp¡ dpfp
Ap¡fX$pdp„ v$pMg \B. s¡Ap¡_u fuscps f\u s¡Ap¡
ifua Mp_v$p__u gpNsu lsu.
ly„ s¡Ap¡_p A¡ls¡fpd dpV$¡ Dcp¡ \hp_p¡ lsp¡
Ðep„ sp¡ A¡L$ bp_yA¡ d_¡ Bipfp\u b¡ku fl¡hp_y„
L$üy„. S>¡hp¡ s¡ZuA¡ Bipfp¡ L$ep£ dpfp ApMp ifuf¡
ÅZ¡ gL$hp¡ dpfu Nep¡ A_¡ ly„ Dcp¡ _ \B iL$ep¡. d¢
bp¡ghp_u L$p¡rii L$fu `Z dpfp dp¢Y$pdp„\u iåv$p¡
_uL$ýep _lu. A¡L$ bp_yA¡ L$üy„, "S>¡ dpZk¡ spê„$
A`dp_ L$ey¯ R>¡ s¡_¡ L$l¡ L$¡ s¡_y„ hpkZ Mp¡hpB Ney„
_\u `Z s¡ s¡_p S>dpB dl¡v$u_p Of_p Ap„NZdp„
S>du_dp„ v$V$pA¡gy„ R>¡. s¡ dpZk_¡ L$l¡ L$¡, "s_¡ iy„
\B Ney„ R>¡. sy iy„ L$pd Aphu fus¡ hs} füp¡ Ry>?'
128
qTepfs¡ Api|fp N¥f dAê$a_p¡ sfS|>dp¡
A_y¾$drZL$p
ApV$gy„ L$lu_¡ s¡ bß¡ bp_yAp¡ Npeb \B NB. Ap
âL$fZ\u ly„ õså^ \B Nep¡ lsp¡. R>¡hV$¡ ly„ DW$ep¡
A_¡ rhQpfhp gpÁep¡ L$¡ Ap bß¡ bp_yAp¡ L$p¡Z li¡
A_¡ s¡Ap¡A¡ dpfp lp\-`N_¡ L$¡hu fus¡ \uS>hu
_p¿ep.
`R>u ly„ S>¡ dpZk¡ dpê„$ A`dp_ L$ey®„ lsy„
s¡_p Of¡ Nep¡. Äepf¡ s¡Z¡ d_¡ Å¡ep¡ sp¡ ^ysL$pfu_¡
d_¡ L$üy„, "spfu Ap„Mp¡ L$¡d gpg R>¡? sy L$¡d fp¡B
füp¡ R>¡? sy„ Aphp L$`X$p„ `l¡fu_¡ iy„ L$pd Apìep¡?
s_¡ iy„ \B Ney„ R>¡?' d¢ ApMy âL$fZ s¡_¡ rhNshpf
L$üy„. Äepf¡ d¢ hps `|fu L$fu Ðepf¡ s¡_¡ `p¡sp_u
hs®Z|„L$ dpV$¡ Aakp¡k \ep¡ A_¡ dpfu dpau dp„Nu.
Ðepf `R>u, Äepf¡ `Z s¡ d_¡ dmsp¡, dpfu dpau
dp„Nsp¡ lsp¡. ly„ s¡_¡ S>hpb Ap`sp¡ lsp¡, "Ap
129
Api|fp_p qv$hk¡ `pR>gp `lp¡f_u qTepfs
A_y¾$drZL$p
spfp L$pfZ¡ S> d_¡ Ap dp_ dýey„.'
(38)A¡L$ buÅ¡ âk„N
"Api|fp A_¡ s¡_p QdÐL$pfuL$ apev$pAp¡'_p
"âya fuX$f' gM¡ R>¡ L$¡ "Äepf¡ ly„ âya hp„Qu füp¡ lsp¡
s¡ hMs¡ dpfu Ap„Mp¡ gpg lsu A_¡ k|Æ NB lsu.
dpfu Örô$ Z Ap¡R>u \su S>su lsu. Äepf¡ d¢ Ap
qL$spb_p âk„Np¡ hp„Ãep, d¢ Z Api|fp_p Apdpg
L$fhp_y„ _½$u L$ey¯. Ap qTepfs_u bfL$s\u dpfu
Örô$ pR>u Aphu NB R>¡.
lv$ukdp„ R>¡ L$¡ Tìhpf¡ lyk¥_ (A.k.)_p
`fk¡hp_p lf A¡L$ V$u`p\u lL$ sApgp rkÑ¡f
(70) lÅf aqfísp `¥v$p L$f¡ R>¡. A_¡ s¡ aqfísp
skbul L$f¡ R>¡ A_¡ s¡ TpBf dpV$¡ L$epds ky^u
dÁa¡fs_u vy$$Ap L$f¡ R>¡.
130
Api|fp_p qv$hk¡ `pR>gp `lp¡f_u qTepfs
A_y¾$drZL$p
lTfs Bdpd S>Aaf¡ kpqv$L$ (A.k.)A¡
afdpìey„ L$¡ sdpfpdp„\u S>¡ L$p¡B lS> bÅhu gph¡
A_¡ lTfs Bdpd lyk¥_ (A.k.)_u qTepfs _
L$f¡ s¡Z¡ lTfs fk|g¡ Myv$p (k.A.h.)_p lL$p¡dp„\u
A¡L$ lL$ Av$p L$fhp_y„ sÆ v$u^y„ NZpi¡, L$pfZ L$¡
lyk¥_ (A.k.)_p¡ lL$ afS> lL$ R>¡ A_¡ s¡ b^p
dykgdp_p¡ f hprS>b L$fhpdp„ Apìep¡ R>¡.
lv$ukdp„ R>¡ L$¡ ANf L$p¡B dp¡Adu_ Bdpd
lyk¥_ (A.k.)_u L$b°¡ dybpfL$_u qTepfs dpV$¡
sdßp L$f¡ A_¡ qTepfs L$fhp l¡gp dfZ pd¡ sp¡
s¡_p _pdA¡ Apdpgdp„ qTepfs bÅhu gphhp_p¡
khpb gMhpdp„ Aphi¡.
131
Api|fp_p qv$hk¡ `pR>gp `lp¡f_u qTepfs
A_y¾$drZL$p
qTepfs¡ Api|fp
V:;,FDM V1,I3S IF VAF V1A3lN<,FCP
V:;,FDM V1,I3S IaG Z;}l,<,FC$ V:;,FDM
V1,I3S IaG VDLlZ,3 DMV3D[GLG JaG
;iI[lN,3 J;2LiILG$ V:;,FDM V1,I3S IaG
OFT[2DT ;iI[NT[ lG;F9.,3 VF1,DLG$ V:;,FDM
V1,iS IF ;F7Z<,FC[ JaG ;F7Z[CL J,3 lJT3Z,3
DJ 3T }Z $ V:;,FDM V 1,iS J V 1,, 3
VZ3JFlC2<,TL C1<,T3 A[O[GF9V[S V1,iS]D3 lDgGL
HDLV1G3 ;,FD]<,FC[ VANG3 DFAS2LTM J
AS2[I,3 ,I3,M JgGCFZM IF VAF V1A3lN<,FC$
,S1N3 V1hM6DlTZ3 ZlhiITM JH<,T3 J
V1hM6DlT,3 D];2LATM A[S V1,iGF J V1,F
132
Api|fp_p qv$hk¡ `pR>gp `lp¡f_u qTepfs
A_y¾$drZL$p
HDLV2[ VC3l,,3 .:,FD[ JH<,T3 JV1hM6DT3
DM;2LATMS lO:;DFJFT[ V1,F HDLV[2
VC3l,:;DFJFT[$ O ,V1G<,FCM pdDTG3
V:;;T3 V;F;h54h5]<D[ J<HJ3Z[ V1,iS]D3
VC,,3AI3T[ J ,V1G<,FCM pdDTG3 NOV1tS]D3
V1G3 DSF1D[S]D3 JVhF,tS]D3 V1G3DZFT[A[v
SMD]<,TL ZtTASMD]<,FCM OLCF J ,V1G<,FCM
pdDTG3 S1T,tS]D3$ J ,V1G<,FC],3 DMDC3C[NLG
,C]D3 lAT3TdSLG[ lDG3 lS1TF,[S]D3 AlZV3TM
.,<,FC[ J .,iS]D3 lDgC]D JlDG3 VxIFV[2lCD3
JVtAFV[2lCD3 J VJ3l,IF9V[lCD3 IF VAF
V1A3lN<,FC[ .gGL l;<D]G3 ,[DG3 ;F,DS]D3 J
C1Z3A]G3 ,[DG3 CF1ZAS]D3 .,F IJ3lD,3 l2SIFDT[$ J
,V1G<,FCM VF, lhIFlNG3 J VF, DZ3JFG J
133
Api|fp_p qv$hk¡ `pR>gp `lp¡f_u qTepfs_p¡ sfS|>dp¡
A_y¾$drZL$p
,V1G<,FCM AGL pdDIT SF1T[2ATG3 J
,V1G<,FC]aGM DZ3@GT J ,V1G<,FCM
p2DZaG ;V14lNG3 J ,V1G<,FCM lXdZG3 J
,V1G<,FCM pdDTG3 V;3ZHT3 J V,3HDT3 J
TGS14S1AT3 ,[ lS1TF,[S A[ VALVgT J pdDL$
,S1N3 V1hM6D DM;F1AL A[S$ O V;3V,]<,FC<,hL8
VS3ZD DSF1DS$ J VS3ZDGL A[S V\iIZ3hMS1GL
T1,A ;F7Z[S DV1 .DFlDG3 Dg;1}lZG3 lDG3
VC3,[AiT[ DMC1dDlNG3 ;1<,<,FCM V1,iC[ J
VF,[CL$ V<,FC]dDH3 V1<GL .1gNS J‰CG3
lA,3C]1;I3G[ V1,I3lC:;,FD lON0]gIF J,3
VFB2[ZC3$ IF VAF V1A3lN<,FC[ .gGL VTS1Z0AM
.,<,FC[ J.,F Z;},[CL J .,F VDLlZ,3
DMV3D[GLG J .,F OFT2[DT J .,,3 C1;G[ J
134
Api|fp_p qv$hk¡ `pR>gp `lp¡f_u qTepfs_p¡ sfS|>dp¡
A_y¾$drZL$p
.,iS A[ DMJF,FT[S JlA,3 AZF9VT[ lDdDG3
SF1T,S J G;1A ,S,3 C1Z3A J lA,3AZF9VT[
lDdDG3 V:;; V;F; hF7,[S J AGF V1,iC[
A]gIFGC] J HZF OL h5]<D[CL J HJ3Z[CL V1,iS]D3 J
V1,F VxIFV2[S]D3 AlZV3TM .,<,FC[ J .,iS]D3
lDgC]D3 J VTS1Z0AM .,<,FC[ ;7]dD .,iS]D3 A[
DMJF,FT[S]D3 J DMJF,FT[ Jl,iI[S]D3 J
lA,3AZF9VT[ lDG3 VV14NF9V[S]D3 JgGF;[2ALG
,SMD],3 C1Z3A J lA,3AZFVT[ lDG3 VxIFV[2lCD3
J VtAFV[2lCD3 .gGL l;<D]G3 ,[DG3 ;F,DS]D3
JC1Z3A]G3 ,[DG3 CF1ZAS]D3 J Jl,iI]G3 ,[DG3
JF,FS]D3 J V1N]jJ]G3 ,[DG3 VF1NFS]D3 OV;3
V,]<,FC<,hL8 VS3ZDGL A[ DV14Z[OT[S]D3 J
DV14Z[OT[ VJ3,[IF9V[S]D3 JZhS1lG,3 AZF9VT
135
Api|fp_p qv$hk¡ `pR>gp `lp¡f_u qTepfs_p¡ sfS|>dp¡
A_y¾$drZL$p
lDG3 VV14NFV[S]D3 VG3IH3V1,GL DV1S]D3
lON0]gIF J,3 VFB[2ZC3$ J VG3IM;7aA[T,L .1gNS]D3
S1ND l;1N3l2SG3 lON0]gIF J<VFB[2ZC3$ J V:V,MC}
VG3IMA<,[U1lG,3 DSF1D,3 DC1 4D}N ,S]D3
.1gN<,FC[ J VG3IZ3hMS1GL T1,A ;F7ZL DV1
.DFlDG3 CMNG3 hF5C[ZG3 GFT2[lS1G3 lA,3 C1S14S2[
lDgS]D3 J V;3V,]<,FC A[C1S14S2[S]D3 JALxX
V3lG,3 ,h8L ,S]D3 .1gNC} V\iI]V14T2[IGL A[
DM;F1AL A[S]D3 VO3h1, DFI]V14T2L DM;F1AG3 A[
DM;2LAT[CL DM;2LATG3 DF VV14h5DCF$ J
VV14h5D ZhLiITCF lO,3 .:,FD[ JOL
HDL.2:;DFJFT[ J,3VZ3h[2 V<,FC]dDH3 V1<GL OL
DSF1DL CFhF7 lDdDG3 TGF,MC} lDgS ;1,JFT]G3
JZC14DT]G3 JDu1O[ZT]G3 V<,FC]dDH3V1,3 DC14IFI
136
Api|fp_p qv$hk¡ `pR>gp `lp¡f_u qTepfs_p¡ sfS|>dp¡
A_y¾$drZL$p
DC14IF DMC1dDlNG3 J VF,[ DMC1dDlNG3 J DDFTL
DDFT DMC1dDlNG3 J VF,[ DMC1dDN3$ V<,FC]dD
.gG CFhF7 IJ3D]G3 TAZ0ST3 A[CL AG} pdDIT
JaGM VFS[,lT,3 VS3AFlN,3 ,.1G]aG],3 ,.2G[
V1,F l,;FG[S J l,;FG[ GALiI[S ;1<,<,FCM
V1,iC[ J VF,[CL OL S]<,[ DJ3T2[lGG3 J DJS2[lOG3
JS1O OLC[ GALiIMS ;1<,<,FCM V1,iC[
JVF,[CL$ V<,FC]dD,3V1G3 VAF;]O3IFG J
DMVF1JITaG VAL ;]O3IFG J IhLNaG
DMVF1J[IC3$ V1,I3lCD3 lDgS,3 ,V14GTM VAN,3
V1FA[NLG$ JCFh7F IJ3D]G OZ[C1T3 A[CL VF,M
lhIFlNG3 JVF,M DZ3JFG A[S1t,[C[D],3 C]1;I3G
;1,JFT]<,FC[ V1,iC[$ V<,FC]dD OhF1.1O3 V1,iC[
D]<,V14G lDgS J,3 V1hF7A V<,FC]dD .9gGL 137
Api|fp_p qv$hk¡ `pR>gp `lp¡f_u qTepfs_p¡ sfS|>dp¡
A_y¾$drZL$p
VTS1Z0AM .,I3S OL CFh7,3 IJ3D[ J OL DJ3S[2OL
CFhF7 J ViIFD[ C1IFTL lA,3 AZF9VT[ lDgC]D3
J<,V14GT[ V1,I3lCD3 JlA,3 DMJF,FT[ ,[
GALiI[S J VF,[ GALiI[S V1,I3C[ J
V1,I3C[D]:;,FDP
Ðepf R>u kp¡ (100) hMs Ap dyS>b Y$¡
V<,FC]dD,3 V1G3 VjJ, hF5,[lDG3 h5,D
C1S14S1 DMC1dDlNG3 J VF,[ DMC1dDlNG3 J VFB2[Z
TFA[.1G3 ,C} V1,F hF7,[S V<,FC]dD,3 V1lG,3
V [ 2 ; F 1 A T < , T L @ C N l T , 3 C 1 ] ; i G
V1,I3lC:;,FD$ J XFIV1T3 J AFIV1T3 J
TFAV1T3 V1,F S1t,[CL V<,FC]dD,3 V1gC]D3
HDLVF1P
138
Api|fp_p qv$hk¡ `pR>gp `lp¡f_u qTepfs_p¡ sfS|>dp¡
A_y¾$drZL$p
Ðepf R>u kp¡ (100) hMs Ap dyS>b Y$¡
V:;,FDM V1,iS IF VAF V1A3lN<,FC[ J
V1,,3 VZ3JFlC2<,TL C1<,T3 A[O[GF9V[S V1,iS
lDgGL ;,FD]<,FC[ VANG3 DF AS2LTM J AS2[I,3
,i,M JgGCFZM$ J,F HV1,C]<,FCM VFB2[Z,3
V1C3N[ lDgGL ,[ lhIFZT[S]D3$ V:;,FDM V1,,3
C1];I3G[ J V1,F V1,LlIA3lG,3 C1];I3G[ J V1,F
VJ3,FlN,3 C]1;I3G[ J V1,F V:1CF1lA,3 C1];I3GP
Ðepf R>u A¡L$ hMs Y$¡
V<,FC]dD B1]:1;1 VgT VjJ, hF5,[lDG3
lA,3 ,V14G[ lDgGL JaNV14 A[CL VjJ,G3
;]7dD;74;F7GL$ J;74;7F,[;7$ JZF3A[V1$ V<,FC]dD,3
V1G3 IhLN BF1D[;G3 J,3V1G3 VM2AI3N<,FlCaG[
lhIFlNG3 JaG DZ3@GT J p2DZaG ;V14lNG3 J
Api|fp_p qv$hk¡ `pR>gp `lp¡f_u qTepfs_p¡ sfS|>dp¡
139 A_y¾$drZL$p
lXdZG3 J VF, VAL ;]O3IFG J VF, lhIFlNG3
J VF, DZ3JFG .,F IJ3lD,3 lS2IFDC3P
Ðepf R>u kS>v$ldp„ Åe A_¡ Ap dybS> L$l¡ :
V<,FC]dD ,S,3 C1dNM C1dNX3 XFS[ZLG ,S V1,F
DM;F1A[lCD3$ V,3C1dNM l,<,FC[ V1,F V1hL6D[
ZhLiITL V<,FC]dDZ3 h]S14GL XOFV1T,3 C1];I3G[
IJ3D,3 JM~N[ J ;7laAt,L S1ND l;1NlS1G3 .1gNS
DV1,3 C1];I3G[ J V:1CF1lA,3 C1];I3lG,3 ,h8LG
Ah7,} DMCHC]D3 N]G,3 C1];I3G[ V1,I3lC:;,FDP
kgpd \pe Ap` E`f Ae Abp
A[åv$‰pl, kgpd \pe Ap` E`f Ae A‰pl_p
fk|g_p afT„v$, kgpd \pe Ap` E`f Ae
Adufg dp¡A¹d¡_u_ A_¡ hkuAp¡_p kfv$pf_p
afT„v$, kgpd \pe Ap` E`f Ae sdpd
Api|fp_p qv$hk¡ `pR>gp `lp¡f_u qTepfs_p¡ sfS|>dp¡
140 A_y¾$drZL$p
S>lp__u Ap¥fsp¡_p kfv$pf S>_pb¡ aps¡dp Tl¡fp
(kg.)_p afT„v$, kgpd \pe Ap` E`f S>¡_p
M|__p¡ bv$gp¡ g¡_pf A‰pl R>¡. A_¡ s¡_p afT„v$ L$¡
S>¡_p M|__p¡ bv$gp¡ g¡_pf A‰pl R>¡. Ae L$¡ S>¡_p
M|__p¡ bv$gp¡ g¡hpdp„ _\u Apìep¡ A_¡ S>¡_p kNp
kb„^uAp¡_p M|__p¡ bv$gp¡ `Z g¡hpdp„ _\u
Apìep¡ kgpd \pe sdpfp D`f A_¡ A¡ ê$lp¡ E`f
S>¡ sdpfu bpfNpldp„ Aphu, Äep ky^u ly„ Æhsp¡
fly A_¡ Äep ky^u fps-qv$hk bpL$u fl¡, Ae
Abp A[åv$‰pl sdpfu Ap dykubs Adpfp
dpV $ ¡ , sdpd dykgdp_p ¡ dpV $ ¡ , sdpd
Apkdp_hpmpAp¡ dpV$¡ A_¡ sdpd S>du_hpmpAp¡
dpV$¡ OZu S> vy$:Mv$peL$ R>¡. A‰pl gp_s L$f¡ A¡
gp¡L$p¡ $E`f S>¡dZ¡ sdp¡ Alg¡b¥s (A.) E`f
Tyëd A_¡ AÐepQpf_u byr_epv$ L$ped L$fu,
Api|fp_p qv$hk¡ `pR>gp `lp¡f_u qTepfs_p¡ sfS|>dp¡
141 A_y¾$drZL$p
sdpfp D`f Tyëd_p¡ rkgrkgp¡ iê$ L$ep£ A_¡ sd_¡
A¡ v$fˆ$p\u v|$f L$ep® L$¡ S>¡ A‰pl¡ sd_¡ Apàep lsp.
A‰pl A¡ gp¡L$p¡ E`f gp_s L$f¡ S>¡Z¡ sdpfp dpV$¡
gX$pB_p¡ kpdp_ s¥epf L$ep£. ly„ A‰pl_p v$fbpfdp„
A_¡ sdpfu `pk¡ A¡ gp¡L$p¡ A_¡ s¡d_p v$p¡õsp¡,
kp\uAp¡ A_¡ s¡Ap¡_y„ A_ykfZ L$f_pfpAp¡\u v|$fu
Qply„ Ry„>, ly„ kyg¡l fpMy Ry„> s¡_p\u S>¡_p\u sdpfu
kyg¡l R>¡. A_¡ gX$pB L$ê$ Ry„> S>¡_p\u sdpfu gX$pB
R>¡. L$epds_p qv$hk ky^u A‰pl gp_s L$f¡ Apg¡
qTepv$ A_¡ Apg¡ dfhp_ E`f, A‰pl gp_s L$f¡
sdpd b_u Dçdep E`f, A‰pl gp_s L$f¡
dfÅ_p_p qv$L$fp E`f, A‰pl gp_s L$f¡ kœA$v$_p
qv$L$fp Edf E`f, A‰pl gp_s L$f¡ rid° E`f,
A‰pl gp_s L$f¡ A¡ gp¡L$p¡ E`f S>¡_¡ sdpfp\u
gX$pB_u s¥epfu L$fu dpfp dp-bp` sdpfp E`f
Api|fp_p qv$hk¡ `pR>gp `lp¡f_u qTepfs_p¡ sfS|>dp¡
142 A_y¾$drZL$p
Ly$fbp_ \pe sdpfu dykubs dpfp dpV$¡ OZu
vy$:Mv$peL$ R>¡. A‰pl sdpfp v$fˆ$p_¡ byg„v$ L$f¡ A_¡
Alg¡b¥s¡ dp¡lçdv$ “A‰pl_u fl¡ds s¡Ap¡
E`f A_¡ s¡Ap¡_u Apg E`f _pqTg
\pe.” dp„\u Bdpd¡ d_k|f_u kp\¡ sdpfp M|__p¡
bv$gp¡ g¡hp_p¡ ifa B_pes L$f¡ Ae A‰pl Bdpd¡
lyk¥_ (A.)_p hkugp\u d_¡ vy$r_ep A_¡
ApM¡fsdp„ BS>S>sv$pf b_ph. Ae Abp
Aqåv$‰pl ly„ sdpfu dp¡låbs_p hkugp\u
A‰pl `pk¡, A‰pl_p fk|g `pk¡, Aduê$g
dp¡Ad¡_u_ pk¡, S>_pb¡ aps¡dp pk¡, Bdpd¡ lk_
`pk¡ A_¡ sdpfu pk¡ Ly$fbs Qply Ry„> sdpfp E`f
Tyëd_u byr_epv$ L$ped L$fu A_¡ Tyëd L$f_pf\u
sdpfu `pk¡ A_¡ A‰pl_u bpfNpldp„ v|$fu Qply„
Api|fp_p qv$hk¡ `pR>gp `lp¡f_u qTepfs_p¡ sfS|>dp¡
143 A_y¾$drZL$p
Ry„>. sdpfu dp¡låbs sdpfp v$p¡õsp¡_u dp¡låbs
A_¡ sdpfp vy$íd_p¡, sdpfp E`f gX$pB_p¡ bp¡S>
_pM_pfpA¡, s¡Ap¡_p kp\u, s¡Ap¡_y„ A_ykfZ
L$f_pfpAp¡\u A‰pl_u `pk¡ A_¡ `R>u sdpfu
`pk¡ s¡Ap¡\u v|$fu Qply„ Ry„>, ly„ sdpfu kp\¡ kyg¡l
fpM_pf\u kyg¡l, sdpfp\u gX$pB L$f_pf\u gX$pB,
sdpfp v$p¡õsp¡\u v$p¡õsu A_¡ sdpfp vy$id_p¡\u
vy$id_u fpMy Ry„>. A‰pl L$¡ S>¡_¡ sdpfu A_¡ sdpfp
v$p¡õsp¡_u dpAf¡as Ap`u d_¡ _hpÄep¡, sdpfp
vy$id_p¡\u v|$fu B_pes L$fu, d_¡ sdpfu kp\¡ vy$r_ep
A_¡ ApM¡fsdp„ kprbs L$v$d fpM¡, sdpfp dpV$¡
A‰pl `pk¡ S>¡ byg„v$ v$fˆ$pAp¡ R>¡. Ðep„ ky^u
`lp¢QpX$¡, lL$ Ål¡f L$f_pf Bdpd_u kp\¡ sdpfp
M|__p¡ bv$gp¡ g¡hp_p¡ ifa B_pes L$f¡. A‰pl
`pk¡ S>¡ sdpfp¡ dp_-dfsbp¡ R>¡ s¡_p¡ hpõsp¡ Ap`u
Api|fp_p qv$hk¡ `pR>gp `lp¡f_u qTepfs_p¡ sfS|>dp¡
144 A_y¾$drZL$p
khpg L$ê$ Ry„> L$¡ sdpfu dykubs S>¡ sdpd
Apkdp_p¡ A_¡ S>du_hpmpAp¡ dpV$¡ cpf¡
vy$:Mv$peL$ R>¡ s¡dp NdNu_ \hp_p¡ d_¡ bl¡sfu_
khpb B_pes L$f¡. Ae A‰pl spfu fl¡ds
bfL$s A_¡ dNa¡fs `pd_pf gp¡L$p¡dp„ d_¡ fpMS>¡
Ae A‰pl dpfp Æh__¡ dp¡lçdv$ A_¡ Apg¡
dp¡lçdv$_p Æh_ S>¡hy„ b_ph A_¡ dpfp dfZ_¡
dp¡lçdv$ A_¡ Apg¡ dp¡lçdv$_p dfZ S>¡hy„ b_ph.
Ae A‰pl ApS>_p qv$hk¡ spfp _bu
(k.A.h.)_u S>bp_ dybpfL$\u v$f¡L$ dp¥L$p E`f
gp_s \e¡g dgE_ A_¡ dgE__p¡ qv$L$fp¡, L$g¡Sy>
Qph_pf_p¡ qv$L$fp¡ A_¡ Ddèep_u Ap¥gpv$p¡A¡
dybpfL$ NÎep¡ A_¡ Ap s¡ qv$hk R>¡. S>¡ qv$hk¡ Apg¡
qTepv$ A_¡ Apg¡ dfhp_ Bdpd lyk¥_ (A.k.)_u
ilpv$s\u Myi \ep Ae A‰pl s¡Ap¡ D`f spfu
Api|fp_p qv$hk¡ `pR>gp `lp¡f_u qTepfs_p¡ sfS|>dp¡
145 A_y¾$drZL$p
gp_s A_¡ ATpbdp„ h^pfp¡ L$f.
Ae A‰pl ApS>_p qv$hk¡ A_¡ v$f¡L$ qv$hk
A_¡ v$f¡L$ dp¥L$p D`f spfp _bu A_¡ s¡Ap¡_u Apg
(A.dy.k.)_u dp¡låbs_p hkugp\u Ap
Tprgdp¡ D`f gp_s A_¡ v|$fu_p hkugp\u, spfu
Ly$fbs Qply Ry„>.
`R>u kp¡ (100) hMs L$l¡ :
Ae A‰pl dp¡lçdv$ A_¡ Apg¡ dp¡lçdv$_p
lL$dp„ Tyëd L$f_pf `l¡gp Tprgd A_¡ s¡_y„$
A_ykfZ L$f_pfpAp¡ D`f gp_s L$f Ae A‰pl
Bdpd lyk¥_ (A.k.)\u gX$pB L$f_pf gp¡L$p¡ D`f
gp_s L$f, Ae A‰pl S>¡Ap¡A¡ Ap gX$pBdp„
s¡Ap¡_p¡ kp\ Apàep¡, dv$v$ L$fu A_¡ Bdpd lyk¥_
(A.k.)_¡ iluv$ L$fhpdp„ A¡L$ ds \ep s¡ b^p
D`f gp_s \pe.
Api|fp_p qv$hk¡ `pR>gp `lp¡f_u qTepfs_p¡ sfS|>dp¡
146 A_y¾$drZL$p
`R>u kp¡ (100) hMs L$l¡ :
kgpd \pe sdpfp D`f Ae Abp
Aråv$‰pl A_¡ A¡ ê$lp¡ D`f S>¡ sdpfu bpfNpldp„
_pqTg \B R>¡. sdpfp D`f dpfp kgpd Äep ky^u
ly„ bpL$u fly„ A_¡ fps-qv$hk bpL$u fl¡ Ae A‰pl
dpfu Ap qTepfs_¡ R>¡‰u qTepfs _ b_phS>¡
kgpd \pe lyk¥_ (A.k.) D`f, Agu Bå_¡
lyk¥_ (A.k.) D`f, Ap¥gpv$¡ lyk¥_ (A.k.) A_¡
Aklpb¡ lyk¥_ (A.k.) D`f
`R>u L$l¡ :
Ae A‰pl `l¡gp Tprgd D`f gp_s L$f `R>u buÅ, ÓuÅ A_¡ Qp¡\p D`f, Ae A‰pl gp_s L$f eTuv$ `p„Qdp D`f, qTepv$ A_¡ dfÅ_p_p qv$L$fp Db¥evy$‰p D`f, kpœAv$_p qv$L$fp Ddf D`f, rid° D`f, Apg¡ Abu kyauep_ D`f,
Api|fp_p qv$hk¡ `pR>gp `lp¡f_u qTepfs_p¡ sfS|>dp¡
147 A_y¾$drZL$p
Apg¡ qTepv$ D`f A_¡ Apg¡ dfhp_ D`f L$epds_p qv$hk ky^u.
`R>u kS>v$pdp„ L$l¡ :
Ae A‰pl spfp hMpZ A¡hp hMpZ S>¡hp dykubsdp„ k`X$pe¡g dpZk iy¾$ NyTpfu dpV$¡ hMpZ L$f¡, Ae A‰pl Ap cpfu dykubs D`f spfp hMpZ, Ae A‰pl L$epds_¡ qv$hk¡ Bdpd lyk¥_ (A.k.)_u iapAs _kub L$f, Ae A‰pl d_¡ Bdpd lyk¥_ kp\¡ A_¡ s¡d_p Aklpbp¡ L$¡ S>¡Ap¡A¡ `p¡sp_u Å_p¡ Ly$fbp_ L$fu s¡Ap¡_u kp\¡ kprbs L$v$d fpM.
Api|fp_p qv$hk¡ `pR>gp `lp¡f_u qTepfs_p¡ sfS|>dp¡
148 A_y¾$drZL$p
vy$Ap A¡ AëL$dp
Bdpd¡ dp¡lçdv$ bpqL$f A.k.A¡ afdpìey„ L$¡
Api|fp_u rkhpe l„d¡ip Ap qTepfs `Y$hu
Å¡BA¡, sp¡ A¡_p¡ khpb A¡ S> dmi¡. Ap qTepfs
`R>u b¡ fL$ps _dpT kyßs_u r_èes\u Y$hu A_¡
`R>u Ap vy$Ap Y$¡ :
IF V<,FCM IF V<,FCM IF V<,FCM IF DM‰AM
NV14JlT,3 D]h14T1Z3ZLG$ IF SFX[O SMZlA,3
DS3~ALG$ IF U2[IF;7,3 D]:TU2L;8LG$ J IF
;1ZLB1,3 D]:T;14Z[B2LG$ J IF DgCMJ VS14ZAM
.,iI lDgC1A3l,,3 JZLN[ J IF DG3 IC}1,M AI3G,3
DZ3V[ J S1<A[CL$ J IF DgCMJ lA,3 Dgh5lZ,3
VV14,F J lA,3 VMOMlS1,3 DMALG[$ J IF DG3CMJZ3
ZC14DFG]Z3 ZC2LDM V1,,3 V1Z3lX:TJF J IF DG3
Api|fp_p qv$hk¡ `pR>gp `lp¡f_u qTepfs_p¡ sfS|>dp¡
149 A_y¾$drZL$p
IV1 4,DM BF 9 2V [GT, 3 VV1 4I MG [ JDF
T]B14lO:1;M2N}ZM J IF DG3 ,FIb1OF V1,iC[
BF1O[IT]G3 J IF DG3 ,F TxTA[CM V1,I3lC,3
V;14JFTM J IF DG3 ,F TMU1<,[TM2C],3 CF1@TM J
IF DG3 ,F I]aZ[DMC] .<CF1C]1,3 DM,[C14C2LG IF D]N3Z[S
S]<,[ OJ3lTG3 JIF @D[V1 S]<,[ XD3l,G3 J IF
AFZ[VG3 GMO};[ AV14N,3 DJ3T[ IF DgCMJ S]<,
IJ3lDG3 OL XV3lGG3 IF SF1h2[I,3 CF1@T[ IF
DMGO3O[;,3 SMZMAFT[ IFDMV14T[I;3 ;MVM,FT[ IF
Jl,iIZ3 ZU1AFT[ IF SFO[I,3 DMlCdDFT[ IF
DG3IS3OL lDgS]<,[ XI3.G3 J,F IS3OL lDgCM
XI3pG3 lO:;DFJFT[ J,3 VZ3h2[ V:V,MS
A[C1S14S2[ DMC1dDlNG3 BF1TlDG3 GALiILG J
V1,LliIG3 VDLlZ,3 DMV3D[GLG J A[ C1S14S2[
Api|fp_p qv$hk¡ `pR>gp `lp¡f_u qTepfs_p¡ sfS|>dp¡
150 A_y¾$drZL$p
OFT2[DT lAgT[ GALiI[S J A[ C1S14lS1,3 C1;G[ J,3
C1];I3G[ O .gGL A[lCD3 VTJHHCM .,I3S OL
DSF1DL CFhF7 J A[CLD3 VTJ:;,M J A[lCD3
VTXO3OVM2 .,I3S J A[C1S14S2[lCD3 V:V,MS J
pS14;[DM J VV14h[DM V1,iS J lAxXV3 lG<,h8L
,C]D3 .1gNS J lA,3 S1N3lZ<,hL8 ,C]D3 .1gNS
JlA<,h8LOh14h1<TC]D V1,,3 VF1,DLG$ J
lA:D[S<,hL8 HV1<TC] .1gNC]D3 J A[CL B1;1:1TC]D3
N]G,3 VF1,DLG J A[CL VAgTC]D3 J VAgT
Oh14,C]D3 lDG3 Oh14l,,3 VF1,DLG C1tTF OFS1
Oh14,MC]D3 Oh14,,3 VF1,DLG HDLV1G3 V:V,MS
VG3TM;1<,[I V1,F DMC1dDlNG3 J VF,[
DMC1dDlNG3 J VG3 TS3X[O V1gGL U1dDL J CdDL J
SZ3AL J TS3O[IlG,3 DMlCdD lDgVMD}ZL J
Api|fp_p qv$hk¡ `pR>gp `lp¡f_u qTepfs_p¡ sfS|>dp¡
151 A_y¾$drZL$p
TS14h2[I V1gGL NI3GL J TMlHZGL lDG,3 OS14Z[
JTMlHZGL lDG,3 OFS1T[ JT]U14G[IGL V1lG,3
D:V,T[ .,,3 DB14,}S2LG$ J TS3O[IGL CdD DG3
VBF1OM CdDC] J p2:Z DG3 VBF1OM p2:ZC]
JCM2h}GT DG3 VBF1OM CM2h}GTC] J XZ0 DG3
VBF1OM XZ0C] J DS3Z DG3 VBF1OM DS3ZC] J Au1I
DG3 VBF1OM AU14IC} J HJ3Z DG3 VBF1OM HJ3ZC} J
;],3TF1G DG3 VBF1OM ;],3TF1GC} J SI3N DG3
VBF1OM SI3NC} J DS14NMZT DG3 VBF1OM DS14NMZTC}
V1,iI J T~N_ V1gGL SI3N,3 SI3NT[ J DS3Z,3
DS3ZT[ V<,FC]dD DG3 VZFNGL O VlZN3CM J DG3
SFNGL O lSN3CM J;14lZO3 V1gGL SI3NC} J DS3ZC] J
AV3;C} J VDFlGiIC] JD3GV14CM V1gGL SI3O
X[V3T J VgGF X[V3T V<,FC]dDX3U1<CM V1gGL
Api|fp_p qv$hk¡ `pR>gp `lp¡f_u qTepfs_p¡ sfS|>dp¡
152 A_y¾$drZL$p
A[ OS14lZG3 ,FTH3AMZMC] J A[ A,F9.G3 ,FT:TMZMC]
J A[ OFS1lTG3 ,F T;]N_MCF JA[ ;]S14lDG3 ,F
TMVF1OLC[ J h7]l<,G3 ,F TM.1h3hMC} JA[
D:SGlTG3 ,F TH3AMZMCF V<,FC]dDh14lZA3
lAh74h7]<,[ G:1A V1I3GI3C[ JVN3lB1,3 V1,I3lC,3
OS14Z OL Dgh[,[CL J,3 .2<,T J:;]S14D OL ANG[CL
C1tTF TxU1,C} V1gGL A[X]u1,LG3 XFU[2l,G3 ,F
OZFU1 ,C} J Vg;[CL lh7S3ZL SDF VG3;I3TC]
lh7S3ZS J B]1h3 V1gGL A[ ;dV2[CL JA;1Z[CL J
,[;FG[CL J IN[CL J lZH3,[CL J S1<A[CL J HDLV[2
HJFZ[C2[CL J VN3lB1,3 V1,iC[ OL HDLV[2 hF7,[S;3
;]S14D J,F TxO[CL C1tTF TH3V1, hF7,[S ,C]
X]u1,G3 XFU[2,G3 A[CL V1gGL J V1G3 lh7S3ZL
JS3O[GL IF SFO[I DF,F IS3OL ;[JFS$ J
Api|fp_p qv$hk¡ `pR>gp `lp¡f_u qTepfs_p¡ sfS|>dp¡
153 A_y¾$drZL$p
O.gGS,3 SFOL ,F SFO[I ;[JFS J DMOZ3Z[H]G3 ,F
DMOZ3Z[H ;[JFS J DMU2L;7]G3 ,F DMU2L;7 ;[JFS J
@~G3 ,F @Z ;[JFS BF1A DgSFG @9ZMC} ;[JFS
JDMU2L;M8C] ;[JFS J DO3hVM2C] .,F ;[JFS J
DC3ZAMC] .,F ;[JFS JD<@VC] .,F U1iZ[S J
Dg@CM lDG3 DB14,}lS1G3 U1I3Z[S O VgT ;[8S1TL J
Z@. J DO3h.1 J DC3ZAL J D<@IL J Dg@I
OA[S V:TO3T[CM2 J A[S V:TgH[CM2 J A[
DMC1dDlNG3 J VF,[ DMC1dDlNG3 VTJH3HCM .,iS
J VTJ:;,M J VTXO3OVM2 OV:V,MS IF
V<,FCM IF V<,FCM IF V<,FCM O ,S,3 C1dNM J
,SxX]S3ZM J .,iS,3 D]xTSF JVgT,3
D]:TVF1GM O V:V,MS IF V<,FCM IF V<,FCM
IF V<,FCM A[ C1S14S2[ DMC1dDlNG3 J VF,[
Api|fp_p qv$hk¡ `pR>gp `lp¡f_u qTepfs_p¡ sfS|>dp¡
154 A_y¾$drZL$p
DMC1dDlNG3 VG3 TM;1<,[I V1,F DMC1dDlNG3 J
VF,[ DMC1dDlNG3 J VgTS3X[O V1gGL U1dDL J
CdDL J SZ3AL OL DSF1DL CFhF7 SDF SXO3T V1G3
GALiI[S CdDC] J U1dDC] J SZ3AC] J SOiTC]
CJ3, V1N]jJ[CL OS3lXO3 V1gGL SDF SXO3T V1gCM
J OZ3lZH3 V1gGL SDF OZ0H3T V1gCM JS3O[GL SDF
SOiTC] J;14lZO3 V1gGL CJ3, DF VBF1OM CJ3,C] J
D”GT DF VBF1OM D”GTC] JCdD DF VBF1OM
CdDC] A[,F D”GlTG3 V1,F GO3;[CL lDG hF7,[S
J;14lZO3GL A[ S1hF92V[ C1JF9V[‰ J lSOFIT[ DF
VCdDGL CdDMC] lDG3 VdZ[ VFB2[ZTL J N]gIFI IF
VDLZ,3 DMV3D[GLG J IF VAF V1laN<,FC[
V1,I3SMDF lDgGL ;,FD]<,FC[ VANG3 DFAS2LTM
JAS[2I,3 ,i,M JgGCFZM J,F HV1,C]<,FCM
Api|fp_p qv$hk¡ `pR>gp `lp¡f_u qTepfs_p¡ sfS|>dp¡
155 A_y¾$drZL$p
VFB[2Z,3 V1C3N[ lDG3 lhIFZT[SMDF J,F OZ0S1<,FCM
AI3GL J AI3GSMDF$ V<,FC]dD VC14I[GL C1IFT
DMC1dDlNG3 Jh]7Z3ZLiIT[CL J VlDtGL DDFTC]D3 J
TJO3OGL V1,F lD<,T[lCD3 JC14X]Z3GL OL
h]D3ZT[lCD3 J,F TMOZ3lZS14 AI3GL J AI3GC]D3
T1Z3OT V1I3lGG3 VANG3 lON3N]gIF J<VFB2[ZT[ IF
VDLZ,3 DMV3D[GLG J IF VAF V1laN<,FC J
DMTJ:;[,G3 .,<,FC[P
ZaAL J ZaA[SMDF J DMTJH3H[CG3 .,I3C[
A[SMDF J D]:TxO[V1G3 A[SMDF .,<,FC[ TVF1,F
OL CF1HTL CFh[8CL OxOVF1,L O .gG ,SMDF
.1gN<,FlC,3 DSF1D,3 DC14D}N J<@C,3 J‰C J,3
Dgh[,Z3 ZOLV1 J,3 J;L,T .gGL VgS1,[AM
Api|fp_p qv$hk¡ `pR>gp `lp¡f_u qTepfs_p¡ sfS|>dp¡
156 A_y¾$drZL$p
V1gSMDF D]gTh[6ZG3 ,[ TGH3@[lh,3 CF1HT[ J
S1h92FV[CF J G@C[2CF lDG<,FC[ A[ XOFV1T[SMDF
,L .,<,FC[ OL hF7,[S ODF VB2LAM J,F IS}GM
D]G3S1,AL D]gS1,AG3 B1FV[AG3 BF1;[ZG3 A,3
IS}GM D]G3S1,AL D]G3S1,AG3 ZFH[C1G3 D]O3,[C1G3
D]gH[C1G3 D]:T@AG3 A[ S1h92FV[ HDLV2[ C1JFV[‰
J TXO3OVF1 ,L .,<,FlCG3 S1,aTM V1,F
DFXF9V<,FCM J,F C1J3, J,F S1]jJT .<,F
lA<,FC[ DMOjJ[h1G3 VdZL .,<,FC[ D]<H[VG3
h5C3ZL .,<,FC[ DMTJS3S[,G3 V1,<,FC[ J VS}1,M
C1:A[I<,FCM J SOF ;D[V1<,FCM ,[DG3 NVF1
,I3;,L JZF9V<,FC[ J JZF9VS]D3 IF ;FNTL
D]gTCF DFXF9V ZaAL SFG JDF ,D3 IXV3
,D3IS]G3 J,F C1J3, J,F S1]jJT .<,FlA<,FC[
Api|fp_p qv$hk¡ `pR>gp `lp¡f_u qTepfs_p¡ sfS|>dp¡
157 A_y¾$drZL$p
V:TJ3N[VM2SMD]<,FCM J,F HV1,C]<,FCM
VFB[2Z,3 V1C3N[ lDgGL .,iSMDF .G3 ;1ZO3TM IF
;iI[NL IF VDLZ,3 DMV3D[GLG J DJ3,FI J
VgT IF VAF V1laN<,FC[ IF ;iI[NL J ;,FDL
V1,iSMDF D]tT;[2,}G3 DtT;1,,3 ,i,M JgGCFZM
JF;[2,]G3 hF7,[S .,iSMDF U1I3ZM DC14H}lAG3
V1gSMDF ;,FDL .gXF9V<,FCM J V:;,MC]
A[C1S14S2[SMDF VG3IXF9V hF7,[S J IO3V1, O
.gGC] C1DLN]G3 D‰N]G3$ .G3 S1,aTM IF ;iI[NiI
V1gSMDF TFV[AG3 CF1D[NG3 l,<,FC[ XFS[ZG3
ZFH[IG3 l,,3 .@AT[ U1iZ VFI[l;G3 J,F
SF1G[lT1G3 VF9V[AG3 VF92V[NG3 ZFH[V1G3 .,F
lhIFZT[SMDF U1iZ ZFU[2lAG3 V1G3SMDF J,F lDG3
lhIFZT [SMDF A,3 ZFH [p 2G 3 VF 9 2V [N ]G 3
Api|fp_p qv$hk¡ `pR>gp `lp¡f_u qTepfs_p¡ sfS|>dp¡
158 A_y¾$drZL$p
.gXF9V<,FCM J,F C1j, J,F S1]jJT .<,F
lA<,FC[ IF ;FNTL ZlU1aTM .,iSMDF J .,F
lhIFZT[SMDF AV14N VG3 hC[N OL SMDF J OL
l h I F Z T [ S M D F V C 3 , ] N 3 N ] g I F O , F
B1iIAlGI<,FCM lDdDF ZHJ3TM JDF VdD<TM OL
lhIFZT[SMDF .gGC] S1ZLA]G3 DM‰AP
Ae A‰pl! Ae A‰pl! Ae A‰pl! Ae
`f¡ip_ lpgsp¡_u vy$ApAp¡ L$b|g L$f_pf, Ae
NdNu_p¡_p Nd_¡ v|$f L$f_pf, Ae aqfepv$uAp¡_u
aqfepv$¡ `lp¢Q_pf, Ae fN¡ Nfv$_\u _S>v$uL$,
Ae BÞkp_ A_¡ s¡_p qv$g_u v$frdep_, Ae byg„v$
dL$pd `f A_¡ fp¡i_ rnrsS> `f, Ae Ai® `f
kÑphp_, v$epmy A_¡ dl¡fbp_, Ae Ap„Mp¡_u
Mep_s A_¡ qv$gp¡_p c¡v$_¡ ÅZ_pf, Ae L$¡ S>¡_¡
Api|fp_p qv$hk¡ `pR>gp `lp¡f_u qTepfs_p¡ sfS|>dp¡
159 A_y¾$drZL$p
Sy>v$u Sy>v$u AhpÅ¡ Ap¡mMhpdp„ c|g _\u \su,
Ae L$¡ S>¡_¡ lpS>s (BÃR>pAp¡) `|fu L$fhpdp„
`f¡ip_u _\u \su, Ae L$¡ lW$ ^d}Ap¡_u lL$ S>¡_¡
Bfpv$p rhê$Ù s¥epf _\u L$fu iL$su, Ae v$f¡L$ Ry>V$u
S>_pf_¡ L$X$u g¡_pf, Ae v$f¡L$ Sy>v$p X$_pf_¡ c¡Np
L$f_pf, Ae dp¥s R>u afu kÆh_ L$f_pf Ae L$¡
S>¡_p dpV$¡ v$f¡L$ _hu_ ip_ (L$pe®) R>¡. Ae lpS>sp¡
`|fu L$f_pf, Ae NdNu_p¡_p Nd_¡ v|$f L$f_pf,
Ae dp„N_pfpAp¡_¡ Ap`_pf, Ae BÃR>pAp¡_p
dprgL$, Ae S>ê$fsp¡_¡ `|fu L$f_pf, Ae L$¡ v$f¡L$
QuS> dpV$¡ `|fsp¡ R>¡. A_¡ s¡_p dpV$¡ S>du_ A_¡
Apkdp_p¡dp„ L$p¡B QuS> |fsu _\u.
ly„ spfp\u _buAp¡_p rkgrkgp_¡ Msd
L$f_pf dp¡lçdv$ (k.A.h.), Aduê$g dp¡Ad¡_u_
Api|fp_p qv$hk¡ `pR>gp `lp¡f_u qTepfs_p¡ sfS|>dp¡
160 A_y¾$drZL$p
Agu (A.k.) spfp _bu_u vy$¿sf aps¡dp (kg.)
Bdpd¡ lk_ (A.k.) A_¡ Bdpd¡ lyk¥_ (A.k.)
_p lL$_p¡ hpõsp¡ Ap`u khpg L$ê„$ Ry„>, s¡Ap¡_p
hkugp\u spfu sfa shˆ$p¡l L$ê$ Ry„> spfu `pk¡
s¡Ap¡_p¡ hkugp¡ A_¡ iapAs Qply Ry„> s_¡ L$kd
Ap`u khpg L$ê$ Ry„>. s¡Ap¡_p lL$p¡_p¡ hpõsp¡ Ap`u,
s¡Ap¡_p¡ S>¡ dp_ dfsbp¡ spfu `pk¡ R>¡ s¡_p
hkugp\u, s¡Ap¡_u S>¡ L$v$f spfu `pk¡ R>¡ s¡_p
hkugp\u, s¡Ap¡_¡ S>¡ aTugs sdpd S>lp_ D`f
Ap`¡g R>¡ s¡_p hkugp\u, A¡ _pdp¡_p hkugp\u S>¡
Mpk s¡Ap¡ `pk¡ fp¿ep R>¡. s¡_p \L$u s¡Ap¡_u
aTugs_¡ Ål¡f L$fu Ðep„ ky^u L$¡ s¡Ap¡_u aTugs
sdpd S>lp_ L$fsp h^u NB, dp¡lçdv$ A_¡ Apg¡
dp¡lçdv$ (A.dy.k.) D`f fl¡ds _pqTg afdph,
dpfp f„Å¡Nd_¡ v|$f L$f, dpfp L$pdp¡ dpV$¡ `|fsp¡ \B
Api|fp_p qv$hk¡ `pR>gp `lp¡f_u qTepfs_p¡ sfS|>dp¡
161 A_y¾$drZL$p
Å, dpfp L$T®_¡ cf`pB L$f, d_¡ aL$ufu\u bQph,
gp¡L$p¡ `pk¡ dp„Nhp\u b¡ raL$f b_ph, d_¡ S>¡_u
`f¡ip_u_p¡ X$f R>¡ s¡_u f¡ip_u dpV$¡, S>¡ L$W$_pB _p¡
X$f R>¡ s¡ L$W$_pB dpV$¡, S>¡ Nd_p¡ X$f R>¡ s¡ Nd dpV$¡,
S>¡ b|fpB_p¡ X$f R>¡ s¡ b|fpB dpV$¡, S>¡ af¡bp¡_p¡ X$f R>¡
s¡ af¡b dpV$¡, S>¡ Tyëd_p¡ X$f R>¡ s¡ Tyëd dpV$¡, S>¡
rksd_p¡ X$f R>¡ s¡ rksd dpV$¡, S>¡ kgs_s_p¡ X$f R>¡
s¡ kgs_s dpV$¡, S>¡ v$Np_p¡ X$f R>¡ s¡ v$Np dpV$¡ A_¡
S>¡ spL$s_p¡ X$f lp¡e s¡ spL$ps dpV$¡ sy„ |fsp¡ \B Å.
af¡b L$f_pfpAp¡_p af¡b_¡ A_¡ v$NpbpÅ¡_p v$Np_¡
dpfp\u v|$f L$f. Ae A‰pl S>¡ dpfp\u b|fpB_p¡
Bfpv$p¡ L$f¡ s¡_p\u sy A¡hp¡S> Bfpv$p¡ L$f, S>¡ dpfp\u
af¡b L$f¡ s¡_p\u sy„ af¡b L$f s¡Ap¡_u ApfS|>, v$Np
A_¡ BÃR>pAp¡_¡ dpfp\u v|$f L$f S>¡hu fus¡ sy„ Qpl¡.
Ae A‰pl ! sy„ A¡_¡ díN|g L$f A¡hu bgpdp„ L$¡
Api|fp_p qv$hk¡ `pR>gp `lp¡f_u qTepfs_p¡ sfS|>dp¡
162 A_y¾$drZL$p
Ry>`pB _ iL$¡ A¡hu c|Mdp„ S>¡ Msd _ \pe. A¡hu
budpfudp„ L$¡ iap _ dm¡, A¡hu qT‰sdp„ L$¡ S>¡dp
Bˆ$s _ lp¡e A_¡ A¡hu r_^®_spdp„ L$¡ S>¡_p¡ L$p¡B
D`pe _ \B iL$¡. Ae A‰pl s¡_u `¡ip_u D`f
qT‰s Qp¢V$pX$u v$¡, s¡_p Ofdp„ Nfubu_¡ v$pMg L$fu
v$¡, s¡_p ifufdp„ budpfu v$pMg L$f S>¡\u dpfp\u
v|$f \B Åe A_¡ A¡hp¡ diN|g \B Åe L$¡ ayfkv$ _
dm¡, dpfu epv$$ _¡ c|gphu v$¡ S>¡hu fus¡ s¡ spfu
epv$$_¡ c|gphu v$u^u, Ae A‰pl! d_¡ s¡_p Ap„M,
L$p_, lp\, `N A_¡ sdpd Aheh\u v|$f L$fu v$¡
b¡iL$ sy„ L$pau R>p¡ S>¡_p dpV$¡ spfp rkhpe buSy> L$p¡B
qL$apes L$f_pf _\u, v$v®$ v|$f L$f_pf R>p¡ S>¡_p dpV¡
spfp rkhpe buSy> L$p¡B v$v®$ v|$f L$f_pf _\u. sy„
aqfepv$ kp„cm_pf R>¡, S>¡_y„ spfp rkhpe L$p¡B
aqfepv$ kp„cm_pf _\u sy„ `_pl Ap`_pf R>p¡,
Api|fp_p qv$hk¡ `pR>gp `lp¡f_u qTepfs_p¡ sfS|>dp¡
163 A_y¾$drZL$p
S>¡_¡ spfp rkhpe buSy> L$p¡B `_pl Ap`_pf _\u
A_¡ s¡Ap¡ _yL$ip_dp„ R>¡ S>¡ spfp rkhpe buÆ
S>ÁepA¡ _pl gue¡ R>¡. spfp rkhpe buS>¡ v$p¡X$¡ R>¡.
spfp rkhpe buS>¡ aqfepv$ L$f¡ R>¡. spfp rkhpe
buS>¡ cpNu_¡ Åe R>¡. spfp rkhpe spfu dMg|L$_¡
_Ås_y„ dpÝed ÅZ¡ R>¡. Z sy„ dpfp¡ cfp¡kp¡ dpfu
Dçduv$ dpfu `_pNpl R>p¡, spfp\u S> L$pçepbu
A_¡ _Ås Qply Ry„>, dp¡lçdv$ A_¡ Apg¡ dp¡lçdv$
(A.dy.k.)_p hkugp\u spfu sfa shˆ$p¡l L$ê$
Ry„>, s¡Ap¡_p¡ hkugp¡ A_¡ iapAs Qply„ Ry„>.
Ae A‰pl! Ae A‰pl! Ae A‰pl! spfp
dpV$¡ S> iy¾$ A_¡ hMpZ R>¡. spfu bpfNpldp„
aqfepv$ R>¡. spfp\u S> dv$v$ Qply„ Ry„> Ae A‰pl !
Ae A‰pl ! Ae A‰pl ! dp¡lçdv$ A_¡ Apg¡
Api|fp_p qv$hk¡ `pR>gp `lp¡f_u qTepfs_p¡ sfS|>dp¡
164 A_y¾$drZL$p
dp¡lçdv$ (A.dy.k.)_p lL$_p¡ hpõsp¡ Ap`u khpg
L$ê$ Ry„> dp¡lçdv$ A_¡ Apg¡ dp¡lçdv$ (A.dy.k.)
D`f fl¡ds _pqTg L$f, dpfp f„S> Nd A_¡ v$v®$_¡
v|$f L$f S>¡hu fus¡ spfp _bu_p f„S> Nd A_¡ v$v®$_¡ v|$f
L$ey® A_¡ vy$id_p¡_p Mp¥a kde¡ qL$apes (k„`|Z®
dv$v$) L$fu dpfu dykubs_¡ v|f L$f S>¡hu fus¡ s¡_u
dykubs_¡ v|$f L$fu dpfp Nd_¡ v|$f L$f S>¡hu fus¡ s¡_p
Nd_¡ v|$f L$ep£, dpfu qL$apes L$f S>¡hu fus¡ s¡_p dpV$¡
qL$apes L$fu A_¡ A¡ X$f_¡ v|$f L$f S>¡_p\u ly„ X$ê$ Ry„>
A_¡ A¡ sL$guap¡ dpV$¡ ly„ X$ê$ Ry„>. sy„ `|fsp¡ \B Å
L$p¡B`Z sL$gua hNf A¡ hõsy_p Nd_¡ v|$f L$f
S>¡_p\u ly„ X$ê$ Ry„>. dpfu lpS>sp¡ |fu L$fu d_¡ pR>p¡
dp¡L$g vy$r_ep A_¡ ApM¡fs_u dyiL$¡guAp¡ dpV$¡
L$pau \B Å. Ae Aduê$g dp¡Ad¡_u_, Ae Abp
Api|fp_p qv$hk¡ `pR>gp `lp¡f_u qTepfs_p¡ sfS|>dp¡
165 A_y¾$drZL$p
Aqåv$‰pl sdpfp D`f dpfp kgpd \pe Äep„ ky^u
ly„ Æhsp¡ fly A_¡ fps-qv$hk bpL$u fl¡ A_¡
A‰pl dpfu Ap qTepfs_¡ dpfu R>¡‰u qTepfs _
b_phS>¡.
Ae A‰pl d_¡ dp¡lçdv$ A_¡ s¡_u Tyf}es
(A.dy.k) S>¡hy„ Æh_ B_pes L$f A_¡ s¡Ap¡ S>¡hy„
dfZ B_pes L$f A_¡ s¡Ap¡_u kp\¡ DW$pX$S>¡
s¡Ap¡_p V$p¡mpdp„ dl¡i|f L$fS>¡, dpfp A_¡ s¡Ap¡
hÃQ¡ vy$r_ep A_¡ ApM¡fsdp„ nZcf Sy>v$pB _
_pM. Ae Aduê$g dp¡Ad¡_u_, Ae Aqåv$‰pl
ly„ sdpfp¡ TpBf Ry„> sdpfp hkugp\u dpfp A_¡
sdpfp fhfqv$Npf A‰pl_u sfa shˆ$p¡l L$ê$ Ry„>.
sd¡ dpfu Ap lpS>s `|fu \hp dpV$¡ A‰pl `pk¡
iapAs L$fp¡ L$pfZ L$¡ A‰pl `pk¡ sdpfp¡ dlp_
dfsbp¡ JQy õ\p_ A_¡ hkugp¡ R>¡. ly„ pR>p¡ Åh Ry„>
Api|fp_p qv$hk¡ `pR>gp `lp¡f_u qTepfs_p¡ sfS|>dp¡
166 A_y¾$drZL$p
A‰pl_u bpfNpldp„ sdpfu iapAs\u dpfu
lpS>s |fu \hp_u fpl Å¡h Ry„>, dpê$ Ap pRy> afhy„
_yL$ip_L$pfL$ _ lp¡e bgL$¡ L$pçepb lp¡e. sdpfp
b„_¡_u iapAs\u dpfu sdpd lpS>sp¡ `|fu \e¡g
lp¡e ly„ `pR>p¡ aê$ Ry„>. A‰pl S>¡ Qpli¡ s¡ \i¡ s¡_p
rkhpe L$p¡B iqL$s L$¡ spL$s _\u dpfp sdpd L$pdp¡
A‰pl_¡ kp¢`y Ry„>, A‰pl dpfu `_pNpl R>¡.
A‰pl D`f S> cfp¡kp¡ L$ê$ Ry„> A_¡ L$ly„ Ry„>. A‰pl
dpfp dpV$¡ bk R>¡. A‰pl vy$Ap L$f_pf_u vy$Ap_¡
kp„cm¡ R>¡, Ae dpfp kfv$pfp¡ sdpfp A_¡ A‰pl
rkhpe dpê$ L$p¡B _\u S>¡ A‰pl Qpli¡ s¡ \i¡ s¡_p
rkhpe L$p¡B spL$s L$¡ iqL$s _\u sd_¡ b„_¡_¡
A‰pl_¡ kp¢`y„ Ry„>. A‰pl sdpfp b„_¡_u Ap
dygpL$ps_¡ dpfu R>¡‰u dygpL$ps _ b_ph¡, pR>p¡ aê$
Ry„> Ae dpfp dp¥gp Ae dpfp kfv$pf, Ae Aduê$g
Api|fp_p qv$hk¡ `pR>gp `lp¡f_u qTepfs_p¡ sfS|>dp¡
167 A_y¾$drZL$p
dp¡Ad¡_u_ A_¡ sd¡ Ae dpfp kfv$pf A_¡ dp¥gp
Abp Aqåv$‰pl, sdpfp b„_¡ D`f dpfp¡ kgpd_p¡
rkgrkgp¡ Qpgy„ fl¡ Äep ky^u Ap fps-qv$hk_p¡
rkgrkgp¡ Qpgy„ fl¡, Å¡ A‰pl Qpl¡ sp¡ dpfp
kgpd L$p¡B`Z ApX$ hNf sd_¡ lp¢Qsp fl¡.
ly„ sdpfp b„_¡_p lL$_p¡ hpõsp¡ Ap`u_¡ Qply„ Ry„>
L$¡, Ap dyS>b \pe s¡ (A‰pl) dlp_ A_¡
hMpZhp gpeL$ R>¡. Ae dpfp kfv$pf sdpfp\u
A_¡ sdpfp b„_¡_u qTepfs\u AZNdp hNf,
sp¥bp kp\¡, A‰pl_p iy¾$ A_¡ hMpZ kp\¡ s¡dS>
qTepfs L$b|g \hp_u Dçduv$ kp\¡ `pR>p¡ aê$ Ry„>.
Å¡ A‰pl Qpli¡ sp¡ afu sdpfp b„_¡_u qTepfs
dpV$¡ pR>p¡ Aphui s¡_p rkhpe L$p¡B spL$s L$¡ iq¼s
_\u. Ae dpfp kfv$pfp¡ sdpfp¡ A_¡ sdpfu
qTepfs_p¡ ip¡M fpMy Ry„> Äepf¡ vy$r_ephpmp fl¡T
Api|fp_p qv$hk¡ `pR>gp `lp¡f_u qTepfs_p¡ sfS|>dp¡
168 A_y¾$drZL$p
L$f¡ R>¡. sdpfu qTepfs\u d_¡ S>¡ Dçduv$p¡ gpN¡g R>¡
s¡dp A‰pl d_¡ _p Dçduv$ _ L$f¡. b¡iL$ s¡ _S>v$uL$
A_¡ vy$ApAp¡ L$b|g L$f_pf R>¡.
Api|fp_p qv$hk¡ A¡L$ lTpf hMs Ap gpA_s
`Y$¡.
V<,FC]dD,3V1G3 S1T,T,3 C]1;I3G[ J V:1CF1A[CL
Ðepf `R>u `p¡sp_u S>ÁepA¡\u \p¡X$pL$ `Ngp
ApNm h^¡ A_¡ Ap âdpZ¡ L$l¡:
.gGF l,<,FC[ J .gGF .,I3C[ ZFH[p2G$ Z[h1G3 A[
S1hF92V[lC J T:,LDG3 ,[ VD3Z[CL
Ap âdpZ¡ kps hMs L$f¡ R>u Ap vy$Ap Y$¡ :
V<,FC]dD V1h74h8[lA,3 OHZT,3 ,h8LG XFS14S1}
Z;},S J CF1ZA} VJ3,[IF9VS J V1AN} U1I3ZS
Api|fp_p qv$hk¡ `pR>gp `lp¡f_u qTepfs_p¡ sfS|>dp¡
169 A_y¾$drZL$p
J:TC1<,] DCF1Z[D[S J,3 V1lG,3 SF1NT J,3
VT3AFV1 J DG3 SFG lDG3C]D3 OB1aA J VJ3h1V1
DV1C]D3 VJ3 Zh[2I A[ O[V14,[lCD3 ,V14GG3 S;L8ZG3
V<,FC]dD J V1lHH,3 OZH VF,[ DMC1dDlNG3
JH3V1,3 ;1,JFT[S V1,I3C[ J V1,I3CLD3 J;3
TG3lS1h7 4C]D3 lDG3 VI3lN,3 DMGFO[S2LG,3
DMh1<,LG J,3 SOZlT,3 @C2[NLG JO3TC14 ,C]D3
OT3C1G3 I;LZG3 J VT[ ,C]D ZJ3C1G3 J OZHG3
S1ZLAG3 JH3V1,3 ,C]D3 lDG3 ,N]gS V1,F V1N]jJ[S
J V1N]jJ[lCD3 ;],3TF1GG3 G;2LZFP
Ae A‰pl S>¡Ap¡A¡ spfp `¥Nçbf A_¡
v$p¡õsp¡\u rhfp¡^ L$ep£, A_¡ gX$pB L$fu s¡Ap¡ D`f
gp_s L$f spfp rkhpe buÅAp¡_u Bbpv$s L$fu
Api|fp_p qv$hk¡ `pR>gp `lp¡f_u qTepfs_p¡ sfS|>dp¡
170 A_y¾$drZL$p
spfp lfpd_¡ lgpg NZpìey„, OZuhpf gp_s L$f
s¡Ap¡ D`f, s¡Ap¡_p `¡ihpAp¡ D`f, s¡Ap¡_y„
A_ykfZ L$f_pfpAp¡ D`f A_¡ s¡Ap¡_u dv$v$
L$f_pfpAp¡ D`f. Ae A‰pl Apg¡ dp¡lçdv$
(A.dy.k.) “s¡Ap¡_p b^p D`f spfu fl¡ds
_pqTg \pe.” Nydfpl dy_pauL$p¡ A_¡ ÅZu Å¡B_¡
BÞL$pf L$f_pfp L$prafp¡\u s¡Ap¡_u rlapTs L$f
s¡Ap¡_¡ S>ëv$u\u kyMQ¡_ A_¡ Apkp_u kp\¡
L$pçepbu B_pes L$f. Apg¡ dp¡lçdv$ (A.dy.k.)_¡
s¡Ap¡_p A_¡ spfp vy$id_p¡ D`f Ngbp¡ (âcyÐh)
B_pes L$f.
Api|fp_p qv$hk¡ `pR>gp `lp¡f_u qTepfs_p¡ sfS|>dp¡
171 A_y¾$drZL$p
qTepfs¡ Api|fp N¥f dAê$a
Ap qTepfs dil|f qTepfs_u kp\¡ AS>fp¡
khpbdp„ ifuL$ R>¡. s¡dp„ A¡L$ kp¡ hMs gA_s
A_¡ A¡L$ kp¡ hMs kgpd L$fhp_u di½$s `Z
_\u A_¡ Ap gp¡L$p¡ dpV$¡ R>¡ L$¡ S>¡Ap¡ S>ê$fu L$pdp¡dp„
díN|g fl¡sp lp¡e, s¡Ap¡ dpV$¡ A¡L$ dlp_ gpc ê$`¡
R>¡ ! S>¡_u fus dTpf¡ L$v$uddp„\u _L$g L$f¡g R>¡, s¡
Ap dyS>b R>¡ L$¡ S>¡ lTfs_u qTepfs L$fhp Qplsp¡
lp¡e-v|$f\u L$¡ _ÆL$\u s¡ Nyõg L$f¡ A_¡ klfpdp„
(_ÆL$ lp¡e sp¡) Åe, A\hp Of_u R>s `f (Å¡
klfp\u v|$f lp¡e sp¡) Åe, A_¡ b¡ fL$As _dpT
Av$p L$f¡, S>¡dp„ k|fA¡ lçv$ R>u k|fA¡ Ly$ëlp¡h‰plp¡
Alv$ `Y$¡. Äepf¡ kgpd `Y$¹ep `R>u s¡ lTfs_u
Tful dybpfL$ sfa Bipfp¡ L$fu_¡ MyiyA-MyTyA
kp\¡ L$l¡ :
Api|fp_p qv$hk¡ `pR>gp `lp¡f_u qTepfs_p¡ sfS|>dp¡
172 A_y¾$drZL$p
V:;,FDM V1,iS IaG Z;}l<,FC[ V:;,FDM
V1,iS IaG,3 AXLlZG3 GhL8Z[ JaG ;iI[lN,3
J;2LiILG V:;,FDM V1,iS IaG OFT[2DT
;iI[NT[ lG;F9.,3 VF1,DLG V:;,FDM V1,iS
IF lB1IZT<,FC[ JaG lB1IZT[lC V:;,FDM
V1,iS IF ;F7Z<,FC[ JaG ;F7Z[lC V:;,FDM
V1,iS ViIMC,3 lJt~,3 DjT]ZM V:;,FDM
V1,iS ViIMC,3 .DFD],3 CFNLh3 hSLiIM J V1,F
VZ3JFlC2G3 C1<,T3 A[ O[GF9V[S J VSF1DT3 OL
H[JFZ[S J JONT3 DV1 h]jJFZ[S V:;,FDM V1,iS
lDgGL DF AS2LTM J AS[2I,3 ,i,M JG3 GCFZM O
,S1N 3V1hM6DT3 A[SZ3 ZhLiITM J H<,T3 OL,3
D]V3D[GLG J,3 D]:,[DLG J OL VC3l,;3 ;DFJFT[
J VC3l,,3 VZ3h2LG VH3D.1G O .gGF l,<,FC[ J
Api|fp_p qv$hk¡ `pR>gp `lp¡f_u qTepfs_p¡ sfS|>dp¡
173 A_y¾$drZL$p
.gGF .,iC[ ZFH[p2G ;1,JFT]<,FC[ J AZSFTMC] J
TC2LiIFTMC] V1,iS IF VAF V1laN<,FlC,3
C1];iG[ J V1,F VFAF9V[ST14 T1iI[ALG,3
D]gTHALG J V1,F h7]Z3ZLIFT[SMD],3 CMNFlT,3
DC3NLiILG ,V1G<,FCM pdDTG3 Bh7,tS J
TZST3 G];14ZTS J D”2GTS J ,V1G<,FCM
pdDTG3 V:;;T3 V;F;h54 h]5<D[ ,S]D3 J
DC3CNlT,3 HJ3Z V1,iS]D3 J T1Z3ZS1T3 .,F
Vh8LiIT[S]D3 J TC1iIMO[S]D3 J @NT3 hF7,[S OL
lNIFZ[S]D3 J VxIFV[2S]D3 AZ[V3TM .,<,FC[
V1h3h J H<, J .,iS]D3 IF ;FNFTL J DJF,LiI
J V.dDTL lDgC]D3 J lDG3 VxIFV[2lCD3 J
VtAFV[2lCD3 J V:V,]<,FC,3 ,hL8 VS3ZD IF
DJF,LiI DSF1DS]D3 J XZ3ZO Dgh[,TS]D3 J
Api|fp_p qv$hk¡ `pR>gp `lp¡f_u qTepfs_p¡ sfS|>dp¡
174 A_y¾$drZL$p
XV3GS]D3 VG3 I]S3Z[DGL A[ lJ,FIT[S]D3 J
DC1aAT[S]D3 J,3 .T[DFD[ A[S]D3 J lA,3 AZF9VT[
lDG3 VV14NF9V[S]D3 J V;3V,]<,FC,3 AZ3ZZ3 ZC2LD
VG3 IZ3hMS1GL DJN3NTS]D3 J VG3 IMJO3O[S1GL
l,T14 T1,A[ A[ ;F7Z[S]D3 DV1,3 .DFlD,3 D]gTh5lZ,3
CFNL lDG3 VF,[ DMC1dDlNG3 J VG3 IH3V1,GL
DV1S]D3 lON3 N]gIF J,3 VFB2[ZT[ J V\G3
IMA<,[U1GL,3 DSF1D,3 DC14D}N ,S]D3 .1gN<,FC[ J
V:V,]<,FC V1h3h J H<, A[ C1S14S2[S]D3 J lAX3
XV3lG,3 ,hL8 HV1,<,FCM ,S]D3 VG3
I]V14T[IGL A[ DM;F1AL A[S]D3 VO3h1, DF VV14TF1
DM;F1AG3 A[ DM;2LAlTG3 .gGF l,<,FC[ J .gGF
.,iC[ ZFH[”2G IF ,CF lDG3 DM;2LAlTG3 DF
VO3HV1CF J VgSFCF ,[ SM2,}lA,3 D]V3D[GLG J,3
Api|fp_p qv$hk¡ `pR>gp `lp¡f_u qTepfs_p¡ sfS|>dp¡
175 A_y¾$drZL$p
D]:,[DLG O .gGF l,<,FC[ J .gGF .,iC[ ZFH[p2G
V<,FC]dD ;1<,[ V1,F DMC1dDlNG3 J VF,[
DMC1dDlNG3 JH3V1<GL OL DSF1DL lDdDG3 TGF,MC]
lDgS ;1,JFT]G3 J ZC14DT]G3 J Du1O[ZT]G3
JH3V1<GL .1gNS J‰CG3 lON3 N]gIF J,3 VFB[2ZT[
J lDG,3 DMS1Z3ZALG O .gGL VTS1Z3ZAM .,iS
A[ DMC1dDlNG3 J VF,[ DMC1dDlNG3 ;1,JFTMS
V1,iC[ J V1,liCD3 VH3D.1G V<,FC]dD J .gGL
VTJ:;,M J VTJHHCM A[ ;1O3JT[S lDG3
B1<S2[S J lB1IZT[S lDG3 B1<S2[S DMC1dDlNG3 J
V1,LliIG3 JT14 T1iI[ALG lDG3 h7]Z3lZiIT[C[DF
V<,FC]dD O ;1<,[ V1,F DMC1dDlNG3 J VF,[
DMC1dDlNG3 JH3V1,3 DC14IFI DC14IFC]D3 J DDFTL
DDFTC]D3 J ,F TMOZ3lZS14 AiGL J AiGC]D3 lON3
Api|fp_p qv$hk¡ `pR>gp `lp¡f_u qTepfs_p¡ sfS|>dp¡
176 A_y¾$drZL$p
N]gIF J,3 VFB[2ZT[ .gGS ;DLp2N3 N]VF92V[
V<,FC]dD J CFhF7 IjD]G3 THN3NNM OLlCG3
lGS14DTM J TGh3h,M OLlC,3 ,V14GTM V1,,3
,.1G[ IhLN J V1,F VF,[ IhLN J V1,F VF,[
lhIFlNG3 J p2DZ aG[ ;V14lNG3 JX3 lXdZ[
V<,FC]D3 D<V1gC]D3 J,3V1G3 DG3 Zh2[I A[
S1j,[lCD3 J O[V14,[lCD3 lDG3 VjJl,G3 J VFB[2lZG3
,V14GG3 S;2LZG3 J V:1,[lCD3 C1Z3Z GFZ[S J
V;3lSgC]D3 HCgGD J ;F9VT3 D;2LZG3 J
VJ3lHA3 V1,I3lCD3 J V1,F S]<,[ DG3 XFIV1C]D3
J AFIV1C]D3 J TFAV1C]D3 J ;FV1NC]D3 J Zh[2I A[
O[V14,[lCD3 JO3TC14 ,C]D3 J V1,liCD3 J V1,F S]<,[
DG3 Zh2[I A[ hF7,[S ,V1GFT[S<,TL ,V1gT A[CF
S]<, hF5,[lDG3 J S]<, UF1;[2lAG3 J S]<, @C[2lNG3
Api|fp_p qv$hk¡ `pR>gp `lp¡f_u qTepfs_p¡ sfS|>dp¡
177 A_y¾$drZL$p
J S]<, SFO[lZG3 J S]<, D]xZ[lSG3 J S]<,
XiTF1lGG3 Z‰lDG3 J S]<, HaAFlZG3 V1GLlNG3
V<,FC]D3 D,3V1G3 IhLN J VF, IhLN J AGL
DZ3JFG HDLV1G3P V<,FC]dD J h1V14.1O3 U1h1AS
J ;B1T1S J V1hF7AS J GS2[DTS V1,F VjJ,[
hF5,[lDG3 h5,D VC3, AiT[ GALiI[S V<,FC]dD
J,3V1G3 HDLV1h54 hF5,[DLG ,C]D3 JgTlS1D3
lDgC]D3 .gGS h}7 lGS14DlTG3 lDG,3 D]H3Z[DLGP
V<,FC]dD J,3V1G3 VjJ, hF5,[lDG3 h5,D VF,
AiT[ DMC1dDlNG3 J,3V1G3 VZ3JFC1C]D3 J lNIFZC]D3
J SM2A}ZC]D3 J,3 V1lG<,FC]dD,3 V2[;F1AT,3 ,TL
GFh,lT,3 C]1;iGaG lAgT[ GALiI[S J
CF1ZAtCM J S1T,T3 V:1CF1AC] J Vg;F1ZC] J
VV14JFGC] J VJ3,[IF9VC] J XLV1TC] J
Api|fp_p qv$hk¡ `pR>gp `lp¡f_u qTepfs_p¡ sfS|>dp¡
178 A_y¾$drZL$p
DMlC1aALC[ J VC3, AiT[lC J h]7Z3ZLiIT[lC J,3
V1lG<,FC]dD,3 ,h8LG GCA} DF ,C] J ;,A}
C1ZLDC] J ,D3 I:Dp2 S,FDC] J ,F DS1F,C]P
V<,FC]dD J,3V1G3 S]<, DG3 A,U1C] hF7,[S
OZh[2I A[CL lDG,3 VjJ,LG J,3 VFB2[ZLG J,3
B1,F9V[S[2 VH3D.1G .,F IljDN3 NLGP V:;,FDM
V1,iS IF VAF V1laN<,FlC,3 C1];iG J V1,F
DG3 ;FV1NS J VF1JGS J JF;FS A[ GO3;[lC J
Ah7, D]C3HTC] lOh74 h7aA[ V1gS V:;,FDM
V1,iS IF Dj,FI J V1,liCD3 J V1,F ~C2[S J
V1,F VZ3JFC2[lCD3 J V1,F T]Z3AT[S J V1,F
T]Z3AT[lCD3P V<,FC]dD ,S14S2[lCD3 ZC14DTG3 J
lZh14JFGG3 J ZJ3C1G3 J ZiCF1GG3 V:;,FDM
V1,iS IF Dj,FI IF VAF V1laN<,FC[ IaG
Api|fp_p qv$hk¡ `pR>gp `lp¡f_u qTepfs_p¡ sfS|>dp¡
179 A_y¾$drZL$p
BF1TlDG3 GALiILG J IaG ;iI[lN,3 J;2LiILG
J IaG ;iI[NT[ lG;F9.,3 VF1,DLGP V:;,FDM
V1,iS IF XCLNM IaGX3 XCLN[ V<,FC]dD
Al<,u1CM V1gGL OL CFh8[lC;3 ;FV1T[ J OL CFh7,3
IjD[ J OL CFh7,3 JS14T[ J S]<,[ JS14lTG3
T1C2LiITG3 J ;,FDG3 V:;,FDM V1,iS IaG
;iI[lN,3 VF1,DLG J V1,,3 D]:TxCNLG DV1S
;,FDG3 D]ƒ;[2,G3 Dƒ;1,, ,i,M JgGCFZM$
V:;,FDM V1,,3 C]1;liGaG[ V1,LliIlGX3
XCLN[P V:;,FDM V1,F V1,LliIlaG,3 C]1;liGX3
XCLN[ V:;,FDM V1,,3 V1aAFl;aG[ VDLlZ,3
D]V3D[GLGX3 XCLN[ V:;,FDM V1,X3 XMCNF9V[
lDG3 J]<N[ VDLlZ,3 D]V3D[GLG V:;,FDM
V1,xXMCNF9V[ lDG3 J]<N[ HV14OlZG3 J VS2Ll,G3
Api|fp_p qv$hk¡ `pR>gp `lp¡f_u qTepfs_p¡ sfS|>dp¡
180 A_y¾$drZL$p
V:;,FDM V1,F S]<,[ D]:TxClNG3 lDG,3
D]V3D[GLG V<,FC]dD ;1<,[ V1,F DMC1dDlNG3 J
VF,[ DMC1dDlNG3 J Al<,u1C]D3 V1gGL TC2LiITG3
J ;,FDG3 V:;,FDM V1,iS IF Z;},<,FC[ J
V1,iS;3 ;,FDM J ZC14DT]<,FC[ J AZSFTMC]
VC14;G<,FCM ,S,3 V1h9FV OL J,N[S,3 C1];iG[
V1,I3lC;3 ;,FDM V:;,FDM V1,iS IF VA,3
C1;G[ IF VDLZ,3 D]V3D[GLG3 J V1,iS;3 ;,FDM
J ZC14DT]<,FC[ J AZSFTMC] VC14;G<,FCM ,S,3
V1h9FV OL J,N[S,3 C1];iG[ V:;,FDM V1,I3lS
IF OFT2[DTM IF lAgT Z;},[ ZlaA,3 VF1,DLG J
V1,I3lS;3 ;,FDM J ZC14DT]<,FC[ J AZSFTMC]
VC14;G<,FCM ,lS,3 V1hF9V OL J,N[lS,3 C1];iG[
V:;,FDM V1,iS IF VAF DMC1dDN[lG,3 C1;G J
Api|fp_p qv$hk¡ `pR>gp `lp¡f_u qTepfs_p¡ sfS|>dp¡
182 A_y¾$drZL$p
V1,iS;3 ;,FDM J ZC14DT]<,FC[ J AZSFTMC]
VC14;G<,FCM ,S,3 V1hF9V OL VB2LS,3 C]1;iG[
V:;,FDM V1,F VZ3JFlC1,3 D]V3D[GLG J,3
D]V3D[GFlT,3 VC14IF9V[ lDgC]D3 J,3 VdJFT[ J
V1,iC[D]:;,FDM J ZC14DT]<,FC[ J AZSFTMC]
VC14;G<,FCM ,CMD],3 V1hF9V OL Dj,FCMD],
3C1];iG[ V<,FC]D3 DH3V1<GF lDGT14 TF1,[ALG A[
;F7Z[lC DV1 .DFlDG3 V1N3l,G3 TM.2h3hM A[lC,3
.:,FD J VC3,C] IF ZaA,3 VF1,DLGP
`R>u rkS>v$pdp„ Åe A_¡ Ap dyS>b Y$¡ :
V<,FC]dD ,S,3 C1dNM V1,F HDLV[2 DF GFA lDG3
B1T14lAG3 J ,S,3 C1dNM V1,F S]<,[ VD3lZG3 J
.,iS,3 D]xTSF OL V1h6LlD,3 DMlCdDFT[ A[
Api|fp_p qv$hk¡ `pR>gp `lp¡f_u qTepfs_p¡ sfS|>dp¡
183 A_y¾$drZL$p
lB1IZT[S J Vj,[IF9V[S J hF,8[S ,[ DF VjHaT
,C]D3 lDG,3 SZFDT[ J,3 Oh14l,,3 S;8LZ[
V<,FC]dD O ;1<,[ V1,F DMC1dDlNG3 J VF,[
DMC1dDlNG3 JZ3h]S1 4GL XOFV1T,3 C1 ];iG[
V1,liC;3 ;,FDM IjD,3 JM~N[ J,3 DSF1lD,3
DX3C}N[ J,3 C1ljh1,3 Dj~N[ JH3V1,3 ,L S1ND
l;1N3lS1G3 .1gNS DV1,3 C1];iG[ J V:1C1FlA,3
C1];iG[ V1,liC;3 ;,FD],3 ,h8LG JVF;jCM A[
VgOM;[lCD3 J Ah7,} N}GC] DMCHC]D3 J @CN}
DV1C] VV14NF9VS$ .A3T[UF92V DZ3hF1T[S J
Z@9VS J T:1NLS1G3 A[ JV14N[S J B1jOG14 lDG3
J.1N[S .gGS ,TL2O]G ,[ DF TXF9VM IF VZ3C1DZ3
ZFC2[DLGP
kgpd \pe sdpfp D`f Ae afT„v$¡ fk|g
Api|fp_p qv$hk¡ `pR>gp `lp¡f_u qTepfs_p¡ sfS|>dp¡
184 A_y¾$drZL$p
(k.A.h.) kgpd \pe sdpfp D`f Ae
(khpb_u) MyiMbfu Ap`_pf (ATpb\u)
X$fph_pf A_¡ hkuAp¡_p kfv$pf_p afT„v$ Ae
sdpd S>lp__u Ap¥fsp¡_u kfv$pf aps¡dp (kg.)
_p afT„v$ kgpd \pe sdpfp D`f Ae A‰pl_p
`k„v$ L$f¡gp A_¡ `k„v$ L$f¡gp_p afT„v$ kgpd \pe
sdpfp D`f Ae L$¡ S>¡_p M|__p¡ bv$gp¡ g¡_pf
A‰pl R>¡. A_¡ afT„v$ A¡_p L$¡ S>¡_p M|__p¡ bv$gp¡
g¡_pf Z A‰pl S> R>¡. kgpd \pe sdpfp D`f
Ae pL$ A_¡ rlv$pes L$f_pfp Bdpd A_¡ A¡ ê$lp¡
D`f S>¡ sdpfu bpfNpldp„ Aphu A_¡ sdpfp
`pX$p¡idp„ S> flu NB A_¡ A¡ ê$lp¡ D`f S>¡ sdpfp
Tìhpfp¡ kp\¡ Aphu sdpfp D`f dpfp¡ kgpd \pe
S>ep ky^u ly„ bpL$u fly A_¡ fps-qv$hk_p¡
Api|fp_p qv$hk¡ `pR>gp `lp¡f_u qTepfs_p¡ sfS|>dp¡
185 A_y¾$drZL$p
rkgrkgp¡ iê$ fl¡, b¡iL$ sdpd dykgdp_p¡,
dp¡du_p¡, Apkdp_hpmpAp¡ A_¡ S>du_hpmpAp¡
D`f sdpfu dykubs cpf¡ A_¡ vy$:Mv$peL$ R>¡.
“Ap`Z¡ A‰pl sfa\u Apìep R>uA¡ A_¡ s¡_u S>
bpfNpldp„ pR>p S>hp_y„ R>¡.”
A‰pl_u fl¡dsp¡ bfL$sp¡ A_¡ kgpdsu \pe
sdpfp D`f Ae Aby Aqåv$‰pl A_¡ sdpfp
`pL$uTp bp`v$pv$pAp¡ D`f A_¡ sdpfu Ap¥gpv$p¡
D`f S>¡ rlv$pes L$f_pf A_¡ rlv$pes `pd¡g R>¡.
A‰pl gp_s L$f¡ A¡ gp¡L$p¡ D`f S>¡Ap¡A¡ sd_¡ d|L$u
v$u^p sdpfu dv$v$ _ L$fu A_¡ gp_s L$f¡ A¡ gp¡L$p¡
D`f S>¡Ap¡A¡ sdpfp D`f Tyëdp¡ rksd_u
byr_epv$ fpMu s¡_p dpV$¡ s¥epfu L$fu A_¡ Tyëd_p
Ap rkgrkgp_¡ sdpfp Ofp¡ A_¡ v$p¡õsp¡ ky^u
Api|fp_p qv$hk¡ `pR>gp `lp¡f_u qTepfs_p¡ sfS|>dp¡
186 A_y¾$drZL$p
a¡gphu v$u^p¡. Ae dpfp hpguAp¡, dpfp kfv$pfp¡
A_¡ dpfp Bdpdp¡ sdpfp `pk¡ A_¡ A‰pl AT¹T
h S>‰_u bpfNpldp„ Ap gp¡L$p¡\u A_¡ s¡_p
kp\uAp¡\u v|$fu Qply„ Ry„>. Ae dpfp hpguep¡ A¡
A‰pl L$¡ S>¡_¡ sd_¡ dlp_ v$fS>Å¡ Ap`u _hpTui
L$fu s¡_p\u khpg L$ê$ Ry„> L$¡ d_¡ `Z sdpfu
dp¡låbs A_¡ rhgpes_u _¡Ads B_pes L$f¡
A_¡ sdpfp vy$íd_p¡\u v|$fu B_pes L$f¡ ly„ dlp_ A_¡
dl¡fbp_ A‰pl\u sdpfu Mprgk dp¡låbs_p¡
khpg L$ê$ Ry„> A_¡ Apg¡ dp¡lçdv$dp„\u A¡ Bdpd L$¡
S>¡ rlv$pes L$f_pf R>¡. S>¡_u fpl Å¡hpdp„ Aphu flu
R>¡. s¡_u kp\¡ sdpfp M|__p¡ bv$gp¡ g¡hp_u sp¥auL$
B_pes L$f¡ A_¡ sdpfu kp\¡ vy$r_ep A_¡
ApM¡fsdp„ fpM¡ A_¡ A¡ dL$pd¡ dld|v$ ky^u
`lp¢QpX$¡ S>¡ sdpfp dpV$¡ A‰pl `pk¡ R>¡. ly„
Api|fp_p qv$hk¡ `pR>gp `lp¡f_u qTepfs_p¡ sfS|>dp¡
187 A_y¾$drZL$p
A‰pl\u sdpfp lL$ A_¡ ip__p¡ hpõsp¡ Ap`u
khpg L$ê$ Ry„> sdpfu dykubsdp„ NdNu_ \hp_p¡
b¡lsfu_ khpb B_pes L$f¡, “Ap`Z¡ A‰pl
sfa\u R>uA¡ A_¡ A‰pl sfa S> S>hp_y„ R>¡.” Ap
L$¡hu dp¡V$u dykubs R>¡. S>¡ dp¡d¡_u_ A_¡
dykg¡du__p„ qv$gp¡_¡ NdNu_ L$ep® R>¡. “Ap`Z¡
Aëgpl sfa\u R>uA¡ A_¡ A‰pl sfa S> S>hp_y„
R>¡.” Ae A‰pl dp¡lçdv$ A_¡ Apg¡ dp¡lçdv$
D`f fl¡ds _pqTg afdph d_¡ A¡hp gp¡L$p¡dp„ fpM
S>¡_¡ spfu sfa\u fl¡ds bfL$s A_¡ dNa¡fs
B_pes L$fhpdp„ Aphu lp¡e ly„ spfu `pk¡ dp¡lçdv$
A_¡ Apg¡ dp¡lçdv$ “S>¡Ap¡ D`f A‰pl_u fl¡ds
_pqTg \pe”_p hkugp\u spfu bpfNpldp„
_S>v$uL$ \hp Qply„ Ry„>. ly„ spfu dMg|L$dp„\u
Api|fp_p qv$hk¡ `pR>gp `lp¡f_u qTepfs_p¡ sfS|>dp¡
188 A_y¾$drZL$p
bl¡sfu_ Q|„V$pe¡g dp¡lçdv$, Agu A_¡ s¡Ap¡_u
`pL$ Ap¥gpv$_p hkugp\u spfu sfa shˆ$p¡l L$ê$ Ry„>.
Ae A‰pl dp¡lçdv$ A_¡ Apg¡ dp¡lçdv$ D`f
fl¡ds _pqTg L$f Adpfp Æh_ dp¡lçdv$ A_¡
Apg¡ dp¡lçdv$_p Æh_ S>¡hy„ A_¡ Adpfp dfZ
s¡Ap¡_p dfZ S>¡hy„ b_ph Adpfu A_¡ s¡Ap¡ hÃQ¡
vy$r_ep A_¡ ApM¡fsdp„ Sy>v$pB _ _pM b¡iL$ sy„
vy$ApAp¡_p¡ kp„cm_pf R>¡. Ae A‰pl ApS>_p
qv$hk¡ eTuv$ Apg¡ eTuv$, Ddf Bå_¡ kAv$ A_¡
rid° D`f spfu gp_s A_¡ ATpb _pqTg \pe
R>¡. Ae A‰pl OZu OZu gp_s \pe A¡ gp¡L$p¡
D`f S>¡Ap¡ A¡d_p L$l¡Z A_¡ L$pep£\u fpÆ \ep
ApNgu Dçdsdp„\u lp¡e L$¡ `pR>gu, s¡Ap¡_¡
ApNdp„ kmNph A_¡ S>lßd s¡Ap¡_p fl¡hp_u
S>Áep b_ph OZu S> Mfpb S>Áep R>¡. Ap
Api|fp_p qv$hk¡ `pR>gp `lp¡f_u qTepfs_p¡ sfS|>dp¡
189 A_y¾$drZL$p
(kÅ) s¡ gp¡L$p¡ D`f S>ê$fu L$f S>¡Ap¡A¡ s¡d_p¡
kp\ Apàep¡, s¡Ap¡_u kp\¡ A¡L$ds \B s¡Ap¡_y„
A_ykfZ L$ey®, s¡Ap¡_p L$pep£\u fpÆ \ep, Ap
bpbsdp„ fpÆ \_pf v$f¡L$ gp¡L$p¡ f spfu gp_sp¡_p
v$fhpÅ Mp¡gu v$¡ A¡hu gp_s S>¡ s¡ v$f¡L$ Årgd,
Nprkb (lL$_p¡) BÞL$pf L$f_pfpAp¡, L$praf,
dyiqfL$, i¥sp_¡fÆd, lW$ugp Årgdp¡ `f L$fu
lp¡e. Ae A‰pl eTuv$, Apg¡ eTuv$ A_¡ b_u
dfhp_ v$f¡L$ f gp_s L$f. Ae A‰pl Alg¡b¥s¡
_bu f Tyëd L$f_pf l¡gp Tprgd f spfp¡ ¾$p¡^,
spfu L$W$p¡fsp, spfp¡ ATpb A_¡ spfu kÅdp„
h^pfp¡ L$f. Ae A‰pl s¡Ap¡ D`f Tyëd L$f_pf
v$f¡L$ Årgd `f gp_s L$f A_¡ s¡Ap¡_p¡ bv$gp¡ g¡
b¡iL$ sy„ Ny_¡lNpfp¡\u bv$gp¡ g¡_pf R>p¡. Ae
A‰pl Alg¡b¥s dp¡lçdv$ f Tyëd L$f_pf l¡gp
Api|fp_p qv$hk¡ `pR>gp `lp¡f_u qTepfs_p¡ sfS|>dp¡
190 A_y¾$drZL$p
Tprgd D`f gp_s L$f Ae A‰pl A¡ V$p¡mp_p
ê$lp¡, Ofp¡ A_¡ L$bfp¡ D`f gp_s L$f, S>¡Ap¡
_bu_u qv$L$fu_p qv$L$fp lyk¥_ (A.) `pk¡ Apìep
s¡Ap¡\u gX$pB L$fu s¡Ap¡_p Qpl_pfpAp¡, riepAp¡,
dv$v$Npfp¡, v$p¡õsp¡, Aklpbp¡, Mp_v$p_hpmpAp¡
A_¡ Ap¥gpv$p¡_¡ iluv$ L$ep® Ae A‰pl gp_s L$f
A¡ gp¡L$p¡ f S>¡Ap¡A¡ s¡d_p¡ dpg g|„V$¹ep¡, lyfds _
Åmhu, A_¡ s¡Ap¡_u hps _ kp„cmu, Ae A‰pl
L$epds ky^u Aph_pf spfu sdpd dMg|L$ S>¡
ApNgu Dçdsp¡dp„\u lp¡e L$¡ `pR>m Aph_pfu
Dçdsdp„\u lp¡e S>¡Ap¡ ky^u Ap Tyëd_u v$põsp_
`lp¢Qu A_¡ s¡Ap¡ fpÆ \ep s¡Ap¡ D`f spfu gp_s
\pe. kgpd \pe Ae Abp Aqåv$‰pl lyk¥_
sdpfp D`f A_¡ s¡Ap¡ D`f S>¡Z¡ sdpfu dv$v$ L$fu,
kp\ Apàep¡, p¡sp_u Å_ L$yfbp_ L$fu A_¡ sdpfu
Api|fp_p qv$hk¡ `pR>gp `lp¡f_u qTepfs_p¡ sfS|>dp¡
191 A_y¾$drZL$p
rlapTs dpV$¡ `p¡sp_y„ gp¡lu hl¡hX$pìey„ kgpd \pe
A¡ dp¥gp sdpfp D`f, s¡Ap¡ D`f, sdpfu ê$l
D`f, s¡Ap¡_u ê$lp¡ D`f, Ae A‰pl s¡Ap¡_¡ spfu
dl¡fbp_u, fpls, Myiu A_¡ fTp B_pes L$f,
kgpd \pe sdpfp D`f Ae dpfp dp¥gp Abp
Aqåv$‰pl Ae _buA¡ Mpsd_p afT„v$ Ae
hkuAp¡_p kfv$pf_p afT„v$ Ae sdpd S>lp__u
Ap¥fsp¡_u kfv$pf_p afT„v$, kgpd \pe sdpfp
D`f Ae iluv$ A_¡ iluv$_p afT„v$, Ae A‰pl
Ap OX$uA¡, Ap kde¡ ApS>_p qv$hk¡ A_¡ v$f¡L$
kde¡ s¡Ap¡ D`f dpfp sfa\u vyê$v$ A_¡ kgpd
`lp¢QpX$. kgpd \pe sdpfp D`f Ae hkuAp¡_p
kfv$pf_p afT„v$ A_¡ S>¡Ap¡ sdpfu kp\¡ iluv$ \ep
A¡hp kgpd S>¡ fps-qv$hk_p rkgrkgp kp\¡
bpL$u fl¡. kgpd \pe lTfs Agu (A.k.) _p
Api|fp_p qv$hk¡ `pR>gp `lp¡f_u qTepfs_p¡ sfS|>dp¡
192 A_y¾$drZL$p
afT„v$ lyk¥_ (A.k.) D`f A_¡ kgpd \pe Bdpd
lyk¥_ (A.k.)_p afT„v$ l. Agu (AL$bf)
A.k. D`f. kgpd \pe Aduê$g dp¡Ad¡_u_
(A.k.)_p iluv$ afT„v$ lTfs Aåbpk D`f,
kgpd \pe Aduê$g dp¡Ad¡_u__p iluv$ afT„v$p¡
D`f kgpd \pe lTfs AL$ug A_¡ Åaf_p iluv$
afT„v$p¡ D`f A_¡ dp¡du_p¡dp„\u v$f¡L$ iluv$ D`f.
Ae A‰pl dp¡lçdv$ A_¡ Apg¡ dp¡lçdv$ D`f
fl¡ds _pqTg afdph A_¡ dpfp sfa\u s¡Ap¡ D`f
vy$ê$v$ A_¡ kgpd `lp¢QpX$. kgpd \pe Ap` D`f
Ae A‰pl_p fk|g fl¡ds A_¡ bfL$s _pqTg
\pe A‰pl sd_¡ sdpfp afT„v$ lyk¥_ (A.k.)_p
Nddp„ kb° B_pes L$f¡. kgpd \pe sdpfp D`f
Ae Abg lk_, Ae Aduê$g dp¡Ad¡_u_
A‰pl sd_¡ sdpfp afT„v$ lyk¥_ (A.k.)_p
Api|fp_p qv$hk¡ `pR>gp `lp¡f_u qTepfs_p¡ sfS|>dp¡
193 A_y¾$drZL$p
Nddp„ kb° B_pes L$f¡. kgpd \pe sdpfp D`f
Ae S>lp_p¡_p `fhfqv$Npf_p fk|g_u vy$¿sf
S>_pb¡ aps¡dp (kg.) kgpdsu fl¡ds A_¡
bfL$s _pqTg \pe sdpfp D`f, A‰pl sd_¡
sdpfp afT„v$ Bdpd¡ lyk¥_ (A.k.)_p Nddp„ kb°
B_pes L$f¡. kgpd \pe sdpfp D`f Ae
dp¡lçdv$_p hprgv$ lk_ (A.k.) kgpdsu fl¡ds
A_¡ bfL$s _pqTg \pe sdpfp D`f, A‰pl
sd_¡ sdpfp cpB lyk¥_ (A.k.)_p Nddp„ kb°
B_pes L$f¡, kgpd \pe Æhsp A_¡ dyv$p® sdpd
dp¡Ad¡_u_ dfv$p¡ A_¡ Ap¥fsp¡_u ê$lp¡ D`f A‰pl
s¡Ap¡_¡ s¡Ap_p dp¥gp lyk¥_ (A.k.)_p Nddp„
kb° B_pes L$f¡ Ae A‰pl d_¡ Apqv$g Bdpd_u
kp\¡ s¡_p M|__p¡ bv$gp¡ g¡_pfpAp¡dp„ fpMS>¡, S>¡
Bdpd \L$u sy„ Bõgpd A_¡ BõgpdhpmpAp¡_¡ Bˆ$s
Api|fp_p qv$hk¡ `pR>gp `lp¡f_u qTepfs_p¡ sfS|>dp¡
194 A_y¾$drZL$p
Ap`ui, Ae S>lp_p¡_p fhfqv$Npf
`R>u kS>v$pdp„ Åe A_¡ L$l¡
Ae A‰pl sdpd dykubsp¡ `X$u s¡ dpV$¡ spfp
hMpZ R>¡. v$f¡L$ dykubs L$¡ S>¡ spfp v$p¡õsp¡ A_¡
spfp Q|„V$¡gp gp¡L$ D`f `X$u s¡ bpbs¡ Ad¡ spfp\u
S> riL$pes L$fuA¡ L$¡ S>¡Ap¡_¡ OZu b^u aTugs
B_pes L$f¡g R>¡ R>uA¡. Ae A‰pl dp¡lçdv$ A_¡
Apg¡ dp¡lçdv$ (A.dy.k.) D`f fl¡ds _pqTg
afdph. L$epds_p qv$hk¡ dL$pd¡ dil|v$ D`f lhT¡
L$p¥kf `f v$pMg \su hMs¡ Bdpd¡ lyk¥_
(A.k.)_u iapAs _kub L$f, d_¡ Bdpd¡ lyk¥_
(A.k.) A_¡ s¡d_p Aklpbp¡_u kp\¡ kprbs
L$v$d fpM L$¡ S>¡Ap¡A¡ spfu Myiu dpV$¡ ATpb_p
X$f\u khpb_u Dçduv$dp„ Bdpd (A.k.) kp\¡
Api|fp_p qv$hk¡ `pR>gp `lp¡f_u qTepfs_p¡ sfS|>dp¡
195 A_y¾$drZL$p
flu s¡d_p vy$id_p¡\u S>¡lpv$ L$ep£, `p¡sp_u Å_p¡
Ly$fbp_ L$fu `p¡sp_y„ M|_ hl¡hX$pìey b¡iL$ sy„ S>¡_p
D`f Qpl¡ dl¡fbp_u L$fu iL$¡ R>p¡, Ae
dl¡fbp_p¡dp„ kp¥\u h^pf¡ dl¡fbp_.
Api|fp_p qv$hk¡
`pR>gp `lp¡f_u qTepfs
Api|fp_p qv$hk¡ r_Q¡_u qTepfs `Y$hu
sdpd iluv$p¡_u qTepfs R>¡ A_¡ lTfs fkyg¡ Myv$p
(k.A.h.) A_¡ ABçdA¡ spl¡fu_ A.k._¡
`yfkp¡ Ap`hp sfuL$¡ pR>gp lp¡f_p Y$¡ :
V:;,FDM V 1,iS IF JFZ [; 7 VFND
l;1O3JlT<,FC$ V:;,FDM V1,iS IF JFZ[;7
G}lC2G3 GALlI<,FC$ V:;,FDM V1,iS IF JFZ[;7
.A|FCLD B1,Ll,<,FC$ V:;,FDM V1,iS IF
Api|fp_p qv$hk¡ `pR>gp `lp¡f_u qTepfs_p¡ sfS|>dp¡
196 A_y¾$drZL$p
JFZ[;7 D};F S,LlD<,FC$ V:;,FDM V1,iS IF
JFZ[;7 .1;F ~lC2<,FC$ V:;,FDM V1,iS IF JFZ[;7
DMC1dDlNG3 C1ALlA<,FC$ V:;,FDM V1,iS IF
JFZ [;7 V1l,liIG3 VDLlZ,3 DMV3D[GLG
Jl,iI]<,FC[$ V:;,FDM V1,iS IF JFZ[;7,3
C1;lGX3 XCLN[ l;aT[2 Z;}l,<,FC$ V:;,FDM
V1,iS IaG Z;}l,<,FC$ V:;,FDM V1,iS
IaG,3 AXLlZG3 GhL8Z[ JaG ;iI[lN,3
Jl;1iILG$ V:;,FDM V1,iS IaG OFT[2DT
;iI[NT[ lG;F9.,3 VF1,DLG$ V:;,FDM V1,iS
IF VAF V1A3lN<,FC$ V:;,FDM V1,iS IF
lB1IZT<,FC JaG lB1IZT[CL$ V:;,FDM V1,iS
IF ;F7Z<,FC[ JaG ;F7Z[CL$ V:;,FDM V1,iS
ViIMC,3 lJt~,3 DJ3T}ZM$ V:;,FDM V1,i3S
Api|fp_p qv$hk¡ `pR>gp `lp¡f_u qTepfs_p¡ sfS|>dp¡
197 A_y¾$drZL$p
ViIMC,3 .DFD],3 CFNLh3 hSLiIM JV1,F
VZ3JFlC1G3 C1<,T3 A[O[GF9V[S JVSF1DT3 OL
HJFZ[S J JONT3 DV1 h]jJFZ[S$ V:;,FDM
V1,iS lDgGL DFAS2LTM J AS[2I,3 ,i,M
JgGCFZM O ,S1N3 V1hM6DT3 A[SZ3ZlhiITM
JH<,,3D];F1AM lO,3 DMV3D[GLG J,3D]:,[DLG
JOL VC3l,:;DFJFT[ VH3D.1G JOL ;]S3SFlG,3
VZ3h2LG O.gGF l,<,FC[ J.gGF .,iC[ ZFH[p2G
J ;1,JFT]<,FC[ JAZSFTMC} JTC2LiIFTMC}
V1,iS JV1,F VFAF9V[ST14 TF1C[ZLGt1T1iI[ALG,3
D]gTHALG JV1,F h7ZFZLC [D ], 3CMNFlT,3
DC3lNiILG3$ V:;,FDM V1,iS IF DJ3,FI
JV1,I3lCD3 JV1,F ~C2[S JV1,F VZ3JFC2[lCD3 J
V1,F T]Z3AT[S J V1,F T]ZAT[lCD3 V<,FC]dD
Api|fp_p qv$hk¡ `pR>gp `lp¡f_u qTepfs_p¡ sfS|>dp¡
198 A_y¾$drZL$p
,S14S2[lCD3 ZC14DTG3 J lZh14JFGG3 J ZJ3C1G3 J
ZiCF1GG3 V:;,FDM V1,iS IF DJ3,FI IF VAF
V1laN<,FC[ IaG BF1T[lDG3 GlAiILG J IaG
;iI[lN,3 Jl;1iILG J IaG ;iI[NT[ lG;F9.,
VF1,DLG$ V:;,FDM V1,iS IF XCLNM
IaGxXCLN[ IF VB1xXCLN[ IF VAxXMCNF9V[
V<,FC]dD Al<,U14CM V1gGL OL CFh8[lC:;FV1T[
JOL CFh7,3 IJ3D[ JOL CFh7,3 JS14T[ JOL S]<,[
JS14lTG3 TlC1iITG3 S;8LZTG3 J ;,FDG3
;,FD]<,FC[ V1,iS J ZC14DT]<,FC[ J AZSFTMC}
IaG ;iIlN,3 VF1,DLG$ J V1,,3 D]:TxC[NLG
DV1S ;,FDG3 D]tT;[2,G3 DtT;1,,3 ,i,M
JgGCFZM$ V:;,FDM V1,,3 C1 ];I3lGaG[
V1,LliIxXCLN[$ V:;,FDM V1,F V1,LliIaGL,3
Api|fp_p qv$hk¡ `pR>gp `lp¡f_u qTepfs_p¡ sfS|>dp¡
199 A_y¾$drZL$p
C ] 1 ; I 3 l G x X C L N [ $ V : ; , F D M V 1 , , 3
V1aAF;l;aG[ VDLlZ,3 DMV3D[GLGX3 XCLN[$
V:;,FDM V1,X3 XMCNF9V[ lDG3 J]<N[ VDLlZ,3
DMV3D[GLG$ V:;,FDM V1,xXMCNF9V[ lDG3
J],3lN,3 C1;G[$ V:;,FDM V1,xXMCNF9V[ lDG3
J],3lN,3 C]1;iG[$ V:;,FDM V1,xXMCNF9V[ lDG3
J]<N[ HV14OlZG3 J V1SL2l,G3$ V:;,FDM V1,F
S]<,[ D]:TxCNLG3 DV1C]D3 lDG,3 DMV3D[GLG
V<,FC]dD ;1<,[V1,F DMC1dDlNG3 J VF,[
DMC1dDlNG3 J Al<,U14C]D3 V1gGL TlC1iITG3
S;L8ZTG3 J ;,FDG3 V:;,FDM V1,I3S IF
Z;},<,FC[ VC14;G<,FCM ,S,3 V1hF9V OL
J,N[S,3 C]1;iG[$ V:;,FDM V1,iS[ IF OFT2[DTM
VC14;G<,FCM ,lS,3 V1hF9V OL J,N[lS,3
Api|fp_p qv$hk¡ `pR>gp `lp¡f_u qTepfs_p¡ sfS|>dp¡
200 A_y¾$drZL$p
C1 ];iG[$ V:;,FDM V1,iS IF VDLZ,3
DMV3D[GLG VC14;G<,FCM ,S,3 V1hF9V OL
J,N[S,3 C1];iG[$ V:;,FDM V1,iS IF VAF
DMC1dDN[lG,3 C1;G VC14;G<,FCM ,S,3 V1hF9V
OL VB2LS,3 C1];iG[$ IF DJ3,FI IF VAF
V1laN<,FC[ VGF h1I3O]<,FC[ J h1I3OMS J
HF~<,FC[ J HFZMS J,[S]<,[ h1I3lOG3 J HFlZG3
S[2ZG3 J S2[ZFI OL CFh7, JS14T[ VG3 T;3V,<,FC
;]aCF1GC} JTVF1,F ViIZ3hMS1GL OSFS ZS1ATL
lDGgGFZ[ .gGC} ;DLp2N3 N]VF92V[ S1ZLA]G3 DM‰AP
kgpd \pe sdpfp D`f Ae A‰pl_p k„v$
L$fpe¡g l. Apv$d_p hpqfk kgpd \pe sdpfp
E`f Ae A‰pl_p _bu l. _|l_p hpqfk kgpd
\pe sdpfp D`f Ae A‰pl_p Mgug l.
Api|fp_p qv$hk¡ `pR>gp `lp¡f_u qTepfs_p¡ sfS|>dp¡
201 A_y¾$drZL$p
Bb°plud_p hpqfk, kgpd \pe sdpfp D`f Ae
A‰pl_p L$gud l. d|kp_p hpqfk, kgpd \pe
sdpfp D`f Ae l. Bkp ê$ly‰pl_p hprfk, kgpd
\pe sdpfp D`f Ae A‰pl_p lbub l.
dp¡lçdv$ (k.A.h.)_p hpqfk, kgpd \pe
sdpfp D`f Ae A‰pl_p hgu Aduê$g
dp¡A¹d¡_u_ l. Agu (A.k.)_p hpqfk, kgpd
\pe sdpfp D`f Ae A‰pl_p fk|g_p iluv$
_hpkp l. lk_ (A.k.)_p hpqfk, kgpd \ep
sdpfp D`f Ae khpb_u MyiMbfu Ap`_pf
A_¡ ATpb\u X$fph_pf_p afT„v$ A_¡ hkuAp¡_p
kfv$pf_p afT„v$, kgpd \pe sdpfp D`f Ae
sdpd S>lp__u Ap¥fsp¡_u kfv$pf S>_pb¡ aps¡dp
(kgp.)_p afT„v$, kgpd \ep sdpfp D`f Ae
Api|fp_p qv$hk¡ `pR>gp `lp¡f_u qTepfs_p¡ sfS|>dp¡
202 A_y¾$drZL$p
Abp Aqåv$‰pl, kgpd \pe sdpfp D`f Ae
dyMspf¡ Myv$p A_¡ dyMspf¡ Myv$p_p afT„v$, kgpd
\pe sdpfp D`f S>¡_p M|__p¡ bv$gp¡ g¡_pf A‰pl
R>¡. A_¡ afT„v$ A¡_p L$¡ S>¡_p M|__p¡ bv$gp¡ g¡_pf
A‰pl R>¡, kgpd \pe sdpfp D`f L$¡ S>¡_p M|__p¡
bv$gp¡ g¡hpdp„ _\u Apìep¡, kgpd \pe sdpfp
D`f Ae `pL$ A_¡ rlv$pes L$f_pf Bdpd A_¡ s¡
ê$lp¡ D`f S>¡ sdpfu bpfNpldp„ Aphu A_¡ sdpfp
`X$p¡idp„ sdpfp TpBfp¡ kp\¡ L$epd L$ep£ R>¡. kgpd
\pe dpfp sfa\u sdpfp D`f S>ep ky^u ly„ Æhsp¡
Ry> A_¡ Äep ky^u fps-qv$hkp¡_p¡ rkgrkgp¡ bpL$u
R>¡. b¡iL$ sdpd dp¡A¹d¡_u_p¡, dykg¡du_p¡,
S>du_hpmpAp¡ A_¡ Apkdp_hpmpAp¡ dpV$¡
sdpfu dykubs cpf¡ vy$:M v$peL$ R>¡. ""Ap`Z¡
Api|fp_p qv$hk¡ `pR>gp `lp¡f_u qTepfs_p¡ sfS|>dp¡
203 A_y¾$drZL$p
A‰pl sfa\u R>uA¡ A_¡ s¡_u sfa `pR>p
S>hp_y„ R>¡.''
A‰pl sfa\u kgpdsu bfL$s A_¡ fl¡dsp¡
_prTg \pe sdpfp D`f A_¡ sdpfp pL$-`pL$uTp
bp`-v$pv$pAp¡ D`f s¡dS> sdpfu rlv$pes `pd¡g
A_¡ rlv$pes L$f_pfu Ap¥gpv$ D`f, kgpd \pe
sdpfp D`f A_¡ s¡Ap¡ D`f sdpfu ê$l D`f A_¡
s¡Ap¡_u ê$lp¡ D`f sdpfu L$bf D`f A_¡ s¡Ap¡_u
L$bfp¡ D`f Ae A‰pl s¡Ap¡_¡ spfu fl¡ds ê$l
fuev$p_ A_¡ qfThp_ B_pes L$f. kgpd \pe
sdpfp D`f Ae _buAp¡_p rkgrkgp_¡ Msd
L$f_pf_p afT„v$ A_¡ hkuAp¡_p kfv$pf_p afT„v$
A_¡ sdpd S>lp__u Ap¥fsp¡_u kfv$pf_p afT„v$
kgpd \pe sdpfp D`f Ae iluv$ iluv$_p afT„v$
Api|fp_p qv$hk¡ `pR>gp `lp¡f_u qTepfs_p¡ sfS|>dp¡
204 A_y¾$drZL$p
iluv$_p cpB A_¡ iluv$_p hprgv$ Ae A‰pl Ap
OX$uA¡, ApS>_p qv$hk¡, Ap kde¡ A_¡ v$f¡L$ kde¡
dpfp sfa\u OZp OZp kgpd `lp¢QpX$ A‰pl_u
kgpdsu fl¡ds A_¡ bfL$s _prTg \pe sdpfp
D`f Ae sdpd S>lp__p kfv$pf_p afT„v$ A_¡ S>¡
gp¡L$p¡ sdpfu kp\¡ iluv$ \ep s¡Ap¡ D`f `Z
dykgkg kgpd \sp fl¡ S>ep ky u Ap fps-
qv$hk_p¡ rkgrkgp¡ iê$ R>¡. kgpd \pe iluv$ lyk¥_
Bå_¡ Agu (A.k.) D`f, kgpd \pe iluv$ Agu
Bå_¡ lyk¥_ (A.k.) D`f, kgpd \pe iluv$
Aåbpk Bå_¡ Aduê$g dp¡A¹d¡_u_ (A.k.)
kgpd \pe Aduê$g dp¡A¹d¡_u_ (A.k.)_p iluv$
afT„v$p¡ D`f, kgpd \pe B.lk_ (A.k.)_p
iluv$ afT„v$p¡ D`f, kgpd \pe B.lyk¥_
Api|fp_p qv$hk¡ `pR>gp `lp¡f_u qTepfs_p¡ sfS|>dp¡
205 A_y¾$drZL$p
(A.k.)_p iluv$ afT„v$p¡ D`f, kgpd \pe l.
S>Aaf A_¡ l. AL$ug_p iluv$ afT„v$p¡ D`f, Ae
A‰pl dp¡lçdv$ A_¡ Apg¡ dp¡lçdv$ (A.dy.k.)
D`f fl¡ds _pqTg afdph A_¡ dpfp sfa\u OZp
OZp kgpd lp¢QpX$, kgpd \pe sdpfp D`f Ae
A‰pl_p fk|g, A‰pl sd_¡ sdpfp afT„v$ lyk¥_
(A.k.)_p Nddp„ kb° B_pes afdph¡. kgpd
\pe sdpfp D`f l. aps¡dp (kgp.) A‰pl sd_¡
sdpfp afT„v$ lyk¥_ (A.k.)_p Nddp„ kb° B_pes
afdph¡, kgpd \pe sdpfp D`f Ae Aduê$g
dp¡A¹d¡_u_ (A.k.) A‰pl sd_¡ sdpfp afT„v$
lyk¥_ (A.k.) _p Nddp kb° B_pes L$f¡, kgpd
\pe sdpfp D`f Ae Abp dp¡lçdv$ lk_
(A.k.) sdpfp D`f, A‰pl sd_¡ sdpfp cpB
Api|fp_p qv$hk¡ `pR>gp `lp¡f_u qTepfs_p¡ sfS|>dp¡
206 A_y¾$drZL$p
Api|fp_p qv$hk¡ `pR>gp `lp¡f_u qTepfs_p¡ sfS|>dp¡
207 A_y¾$drZL$p
lyk¥_ (A.k.)_p Nddp kb° B_pes L$f¡, Ae
dpfp dp¥gp Ae Abp Aqåv‰pl ly„ sdpfp¡ A_¡
A‰pl_p¡ dl¡dp_ Ry„>, ly„ sdpfu A_¡ A‰pl_u
`_pldp„ Ry„>, v$f¡L$ dl¡dp_ A_¡ `_pl dp„Nhphpmp
dpV$¡ A¡L$ lL$ lp¡e R>¡. Ap kde¡ dpfp¡ lL$ A¡ R>¡ L$¡
sd¡ A‰pl (k.h.s.)\u dpfp dpV$¡ Slßd_u
ApN\u ApTpv$u_p¡ khpg L$fp¡, b¡iL$ s¡ vy$Ap
kp„cm_pf _S>v$uL$ A_¡ vy$Ap_¡ L$b|g L$f_pf R>¡.