Zimbabwe Business Council on AIDS

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“HIV and AIDS and Education”

“Health Risk - Thinking Education”

BEd Organizational Development ProgrammeFriday, 4 November 2011

Harare

David Mutambara

Executive Director

ZBCA

Presentation Outline• About the ZBCA• Personal traits in management.• HIV and AIDS Basic Information.• Teaching or Educating pupils about HIV

and AIDS.• What curriculum would serve our

interests best on HIV in schools?• Exploring your role as education leaders

in influencing how HIV is to be approached in education.

Zimbabwe Business Council on AIDS

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About the ZBCA• ZBCA is a business Trust formed to scale up

the business response to HIV.• HIV is seen not as a people health threat

but as a threat to business health.• We provide technical support to business

leadership on how to strategically position business to respond to the HIV pandemic.

• The key output of the business response to HIV is business’s viability and sustainability.

Zimbabwe Business Council on AIDS

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What is your interest in HIV in Education?

Plenary discussion:Key questions:1. Do you want knowledge about HIV

and AIDS or do you want to know about how to handle issues relating to HIV and AIDS?

2. Do you want students to know about HIV and AIDS or do you want students to mitigate the effects of HIV and AIDS?

Zimbabwe Business Council on AIDS

Zimbabwe Business Council on AIDS

Personal Expectations:

1. What drives you in what you do?2. How consistent is what you are doing

now with your main driver?Reflection momentPlenary:What is your defining driver?

Zimbabwe Business Council on AIDS

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REGION'S HIV AND AIDS OVERVIEW:

Country Prevalence (%) Adults living with HIV Women living with HIV

Angola 3.7 320 000 170 000

Botswana 24.1 270 000 140 000

DRC 3.2 1.0 million 520 000

Lesotho 23.2 270 000 150 000

Malawi 14.1 940 000 500 000

Mozambique 16.1 1.8 million 960 000

Namibia 19.6 230 000 130 000

South Africa 18.8 5.5 million 3.1 million

Swaziland 33.4 220 000 120 000

Tanzania 6.5 1.4 million 710 000

Zambia 17 1.1m 570 000

Zimbabwe 14.26 1.7 million 890 000

Trends in new HIV infections in Adults in Trends in new HIV infections in Adults in ZimbabweZimbabwe

2007 2008 2009

New infections adults 15 +

63,427 62 883 66,156

New infections0-14

17,300 15,791 14,957

Zim Decline

HIV Prevalence in Zimbabwe 2009

2007 2008 2009

Adults prevalence15-49

14,7% 14.1% 14.26%

Prevalence males15-24

3.4% 3.4% 3.5%

Prevalence females 15-24

7.5% 7.3% 7.5%

Prevalence chn 0-14

2.1% 2.1% 2.1%

2005-06 ZDHS – CSO and Macro International

HIV Prevalence by Age

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

15-19 20-24 25-29 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-49 50-54

Women

Men

Age

HIV in Zimbabwe

National HIV Estimates 2007

Estimated Number Upper and Lower BoundsTotal (adults and children) 1,320,739 1,252,299 - 1,384,440Adults (15-49) 1,085,671Women (15-49) 651,402Children (0-14) 132,938 124,235 - 142,059Adult Prevalence (15-49) 15.6% 14.9% - 16.3%

Estimated number of people living with HIV and AIDS in Zimbabwe at the end of 2007

HIV in Zimbabwe

2005-06 ZDHS – CSO and Macro International

HIV Prevalence and Number of Lifetime Partners

18.1

6.6

37.1

14.8

42.2

20.3

43.9

22.1

31.1

1 2 3 or 4 5 to 9 10+

Women

Men

Percent HIV- positive

Too few

cases

HIV in Zimbabwe

2005-06 ZDHS – CSO and Macro International

HIV Prevalence among Young People

3.4 2.9

9.9

3.3

12.6

3.2

22.3

10.6

15-17 18-19 20-22 23-24

Women

Men

Percent HIV- positive

HIV in Zimbabwe

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Sex workers

Multiple Concurrent Partnerships

Combined with:

• Low risk perceptionin long-term relationships

• Low condom usein long-term relations

• Low levels of malecircumcision

The ‘Highway of HIV Transmission’

“Dry sex”?

STIs (HSV-2)

Early debut

Cross-generationalrelations

Serial casual relations

PTCT

Gender imbalances Stigma MobilityUnderlying vulnerability factors:

Transmission of HIV

HIVTRANSMISSION

SEXUAL CONTACT92%

MOTHER TO CHILD7%

OTHERS1%

The progression of HIV to AIDS• HIV infects some cells (CD4 and

macrophages) initially

• HIV then uses human cells to make more viral particles

• Virus then kills host cell

• The body’s immune system then attacks the virus

• Virus numbers increase and eventually overwhelm the immune system

• Secondary infections then occur

Progression of HIV• STAGE 1-Asymptomatic (100% Performance capacity)

• STAGE 2-mild disease. skin infections, recurrent coughs, loss of weight, herpes zoster (100% Performance capacity)

• STAGE 3-advanced disease- Pulmonary TB, Meningitis, chronic diarrhea, oral Candida ( thrush), etc (50% Performance capacity)

• STAGE 4- Severe disease, severe loss of weight, Extra pulmonary TB, Kaposi sarcoma (0% Performance capacity)

CD4 count /WHO stage

WAY Forward HIV PreventionWAY Forward HIV Prevention

Abstinence

CorrectConsistentCondoms

MutualMarital Monogamy

People are free to move from one People are free to move from one Boat to another at will depending on circumstancesBoat to another at will depending on circumstances

A

B

C

HIV Treatment!

Other related interventions• Care – infected and affected.

• Oprhan and vulnerable children.

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Responsive intervention:• Know your status - HTC.• Provide support structure:

– Awareness.– Infection prevention methods.– Counseling.– Diagnostics. – Treatment.– Care and support.

• Focus on wellness.• Monitor, evaluate and report.

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Life of a balloon:Group Activity:Design the best balloon.

Lessons:1. The balloon has no life of its own.2. You give it life.3. The process of giving life in deliberate and

replicable.4. The balloon has to know what is being done on its

behalf – information documentation – database.5. Does your balloon remain the best – monitoring,

evaluation and reporting.

Zimbabwe Business Council on AIDS

Strategic vs Activity response.

1. Activity – isolated event which is complete in itself.

2. Strategic – purposeful events to achieve certain intended goals.

Strategic events have to be measured, monitored and evaluated:

1. Inputs2. Outputs3. Outcomes

a. Short termb. Medium termc. Long term

4. Impact

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Process Result

Input Classroom teaching

Output Educated students

Short term outcome Pass their secondary school examinations

Medium term outcome Pass university

Long term outcome Secure decent employment

Impact Developed country

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Example of strategic response.

Why teach HIV and AIDS?

Plenary discussion:

Focus on the outcomes and impact.

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What curriculum do we need?

• Doing things rights

Or

• Doing the right things?

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