Zika Virus

Zika Virus:

Unlikely to Kill,

Impossible to be Killed 1

3/8/2016

ZIKA FOREST, UGANDA

2

Dengue

Japanese encephalitis

West Nile

Yellow Fever

Zika

OthersKyasanur forest, Omsk, Powassan, St. Louis encephalitis,

tick-borne encephalitis, many more

FAMILY FLAVIVIRIDAE

3

Discovered in Uganda, 1947

Sporadic cases in Africa & Asia

2007: Yap (Micronesia)

2013:Outbreaks in SE Asia, Western Pacific

2015: autochthonous cases in Brazil

Dec 31, 2015: locally acquired case reported in Puerto Rico

ZIKA VIRUS HISTORY

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Sign or Symptom No. (%)

Macular or papular rash 28 (90)

Fever (objective or subjective) 20 (65)

Arthritis or arthralgia 20 (65)

Nonpurulent conjunctivitis 17 (55)

Myalgia 15 (48)

Headache 14 (45)

Retro-orbital pain 12 (39)

Edema 6 (19)

Vomiting 3 (10)

3/8/2016

ZIKA VIRUS: SIGNS & SYMPTOMS

Confirmed cases; n = 31 5

Microcephaly (a birth defect in which the size of

a baby’s head is smaller than expected for age

and sex). Zika infection in the first trimester of

pregnancy seems to be correlated with this

syndrome.

Guillain-Barré syndrome (immune system

attacks nerves) causes weakness and abnormal

sensations spread to the arms and upper body.

ZIKA VIRUS SYNDROMES

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Reservoir: humans – no animal reservoirs identified – similar

to Dengue Fever

Transmission :

Mosquito bite

Sexual transmission (semen)

Blood transfusion

Organ transplant

Mother to fetus

Brest milk- saliva (isolated but no reports of transmission)

ZIKA TRANSMISSION

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3/8/2016

ZIKA VIRUS IN THE AMERICAS

As of Feb 29, 2016

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9

10

OREGON MOSQUITOES TESTED AT OSU

FOR WNV, WEE, SLE, 2015

Mosquito Pools Tested at OSU by Species in Oregon, 2015

(1 pool = 50 mosquitoes same specie) Approximately 171, 000 mosquitoes A

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County BAKER 0 0 4 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 122 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 127

COLUMBIA 0 0 17 0 6 0 54 0 5 0 13 0 8 5 0 0 0 0 5 2 115

COOS 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 12 0 1 7 0 1 1 0 10 0 33

DESCHUTES 0 0 31 22 0 0 0 0 8 0 23 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 84

JACKSON 0 0 134 0 0 0 44 111 314 0 435 0 1 0 0 0 0 6 0 0 1045

KLAMATH 31 0 62 48 0 0 0 0 25 0 116 0 39 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 322

MALHEUR 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 0 0 8

MORROW 3 8 6 33 0 0 0 0 157 0 233 0 4 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 446

MULTNOMAH 0 0 33 0 9 1 7 0 16 0 124 29 1 0 0 0 1 0 2 10 233

UMATILLA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 35 0 52 0 0 0 0 0 0 8 0 0 95

UNION 0 0 35 0 0 1 0 0 154 0 93 0 0 0 4 0 0 0 0 0 288

WASHINGTON 0 0 13 0 20 0 6 0 357 1 188 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 587

Total 34 8 336 103 35 3 111 111 1082 1 1440 29 54 12 4 1 2 23 17 12 342211

Zika replicates within the mosquito

Transoverial transmission occurs much like Dengue and West Nile

The virus has been identified in the salivary gland of the common house mosquito (Culex

Latest: One of the most common mosquitoes in the United States may have the capacity to carry the Zika virus, according to preliminary research in Brazil .

The findings, which have yet to be peer reviewed or confirmed outside of a lab, found that mosquitoes from the family of mosquitoes known as Culex may not only be infected with Zika, but could also reproduce the virus in their salivary glands — a key step for passing the virus to humans.

LATEST MOSQUITO INFORMATION

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There have not been any reports of pets or other

types of animals becoming sick with Zika virus.

Serological surveys in Africa and Asia indicate a

most likely silent Zika virus circulation with

detection of specific antibodies in various

animal species (large mammals such as

orangutans, zebra, elephants, water buffaloes)

and rodents. Also goats, ducks, and bats could

become infected with Zika.

ANIMALS AND ZIKA INFECTION

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CAN ANIMALS SPREAD ZIKA VIRUS?

There is no evidence that Zika

virus is spread to people from

contact with animals.

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Mosquito bite protection

Integrated pest management

Eliminating standing water

Larvaciding

Adulticiding (controversial)

Education

PREVENTION

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Oregon has 13 vector control districts

Not all districts are county -wide

The use of pesticides differs from district to district due to temperature, wind, rain and other environmental factors)

Response would be similar to that of WEST NILE

1. Education regarding standing water

2. Incrased larvacinding to prevent mosquito hatching

3. Enhanced overall mosquito testing and identification (OSU to develop a PCR test for mosquito testing)

4 . Enhances testing surrounding human cases

5.. Adulticiding when a human case is identified

*Declare an emergency (county -state) when 2 or more cases of the disease in the same location have been locally acquired

OREGON RESPONSE

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