za presentation

Zulisnita Annieda Ainul [email protected]

3rd May 2007

“A study of community culture towards community informatics of local council

websites services between neighbouring communities of 2 different local councils.”

Transformation of e-service delivery of local council websites

Introduction

Roadmap

Research Framework

Research Question

Research Method

Pilot Study

Conclusion

Data Analysis

Roadmap Roadmap

Thesis statement

Research Design

Research framework

Research Method

Research Scope

Research Question

ResearchTaxonomy

Data resources & support

Data Analysis

Pilot Study

Conclusion

No Easy Way Out!!

Roadmap

Research Framework

Research Question

Research Method

Pilot Study

Conclusion

Data Analysis

Introduction

Introduction

Introduction

Roadmap

Research Framework

Research Question

Research Method

Pilot Study

Conclusion

Data Analysis

Introduction

Because local council websites are filled with tremendous advantages to the community, local

authority website developers should be able to engage community and citizens, reshape current service delivery

and address the issue of excluded social groups and accessibility.

Introduction

Roadmap

Research Framework

Research Question

Research Method

Pilot Study

Conclusion

Data Analysis

Developer: Local authority officials

Users: Local community

Democracy

Social Capital

Sense of community

IndividualEmpowerment

Economic developmentopportunities

Community Informatics:

(O’ Neil, 2001)

Research Framework

Introduction

Roadmap

Research Framework

Research Question

Research Method

Pilot Study

Conclusion

Data Analysis

Local Council Websites

3 Main Research Questions

How can participation online in local council websites supported by community informatics

lead to better community engagement with communities and citizens?

How can participation online in local council websites supported by community informatics address the

issue of excluded social groups and accessibility?

How can participation online in local council websites supported by community

informatics reshape service delivery?

Introduction

Roadmap

Research Framework

Research Question

Research Method

Pilot Study

Conclusion

Data Analysis

• Scope: 2 local governments in neighbouring communities that belong to 2 different borough councils.

• Type of study: Ethnography.

• Research methods: Interviews, surveys, focus group discussions, usage statistics, existing public data, stakeholder analysis, content analysis, ethnographic fieldwork, action research, document review, etc.

Research Design

Research Method

Introduction

Roadmap

Research Framework

Research Question

Research Method

Pilot Study

Conclusion

Data Analysis

Egham, Surrey

Research Method

RUNNYMEDE is a local government district with borough status in the English county of Surrey.

Places in the district include Addlestone, EGHAM,Chertsey, Thorpe, Virginia Water and Englefield Green

Introduction

Roadmap

Research Framework

Research Question

Research Method

Pilot Study

Conclusion

Data Analysis

Runnymede population: 76, 400Egham population: 12, 000

Staines, Middlesex

SPELTHORNE is a local government

district and borough in Surrey, England. It includes the towns of

Ashford, Laleham, Shepperton,

STAINES, Stanwell and Sunbury.

Research Method

Introduction

Roadmap

Research Framework

Research Question

Research Method

Pilot Study

Conclusion

Data Analysis

Spelthorne population: 90, 000Staines population: 52, 400

“The research tradition recognises and embraces multiple perspectives and individual voices”. (Cohen et al., 2000)

Why ethnography? The rational

E-services understanding is often speculative rather than research

“The interpretive approach allows exploration where a sound knowledge base is not present already”(Cohen et al., 2000).

Given the formal and general nature of e-services, it would seem that a more scientific approach could lose

the wholeness of the issues and erode the complexity of the

interactions involved.

Research Method

Introduction

Roadmap

Research Framework

Research Question

Research Method

Pilot Study

Conclusion

Data Analysis

Ethnography has been selected to:-

Capture the depth of the local authority – local community relationship through website

Recognize the complexity of the situation being researched.

Allow a context specific insight: the context of this investigation is specific

Account for unintended/unexpected findings and discoveries and provide a step to further research.

Research Method

Introduction

Roadmap

Research Framework

Research Question

Research Method

Pilot Study

Conclusion

Data Analysis

Research MethodEthnographic strategies for this research• Member of the community for almost 3 years

• Developed contacts and relationships with citizens through part-time job in research area.

• Understand community culture and local interest

• Observing members of the community everyday life for almost 3 years

• Lived in different areas of the community within the time.

• Able to identify key informants and have time flexibility with contacts and key informants because living in area.

• Able to use establish relationships through work for gathering of research data through favors and network developed.

Introduction

Roadmap

Research Framework

Research Question

Research Method

Pilot Study

Conclusion

Data Analysis

• Nature of part-time job in the printing industry allows researcher to be aware of community activities through newsletters and etc

Access to local authority websites

Publicly available online

Access to local authorities

Contact local authority websites of both councils

involved via contact on website

Access to local community

Contact local business, clubs, associations and other social groups within the community

Access to toolsQualitative and quantitative softwares obtained through

department

Research Method

Introduction

Roadmap

Research Framework

Research Question

Research Method

Pilot Study

Conclusion

Data Analysis

Research MethodLocal Clubs, Institutions and Small Business in research area

AcumenBlakestone Limited (Jacques Van Der Merwe)Cube Interior Solutions (Hayley Naylor)Christian Science Reading RoomCardiff Property PLC (Roger Smart)Runneymede Jazz Club (Harriet Coleman)Egham District Music Club (Mrs. R.B. Benlley)Egham Youth Music (Louise Butler)Greyhounds in Need Intercrate Rentals (Paul J. Hetherington)Peter Hobbs Ltd (Peter Hobbs)Interactive Health PLC (Glen)Gordon R Kimber & AssociatesSCJohnson Eurafne Ltd Runneymede Historical (Mr. Robin Doran)Runneymede & Spelthorne Ladies Probus Club (Andrew Lowther or Mrs. J. Scott)Runneymede Jazz Club (Mrs. P. Moloney)Research In Motion UK (Una Lydon/Steve Dugon)Staines & District Probus Club (Roger Marsden/John Loiver - Secretary)SMP Playgrounds Ltd (John Cox)Tornex (Europe) Ltd (Nick)Egham Chamber of CommerceStrodes CollegeRedan Press

Introduction

Roadmap

Research Framework

Research Question

Research Method

Pilot Study

Conclusion

Data Analysis

Taxonomy of community informatics

used to guidedata collection

and analysis

Democracy

Social Capital

Individual Empowerment

Sense of community


(O’ Neil, 2001)

Research Method

Introduction

Roadmap

Research Framework

Research Question

Research Method

Pilot Study

Conclusion

Data Analysis

* Taxonomy:The classification, or categorization, of things making it easier to analyze the data collected.

Data AnalysisOntology: the science of what things exist and how they

relate to each other

Nominalism Realismontology

The subjectivist approach to

social science

The objectivist approach to

social science

Epistemology - The study of theories of knowledge or ways of knowing, particularly in the context of the limits or

validity of the various ways of knowing

Anti-positivism Positivsmepistemology

Introduction

Roadmap

Research Framework

Research Question

Research Method

Pilot Study

Conclusion

Data Analysis

Data Analysis

Why Nominalism?

“…believing that each individual’s conception of reality is different, individuals and their interpretations construct that reality and that there is no common objective shared reality.”

(Cohen et al, 2000).

The use of e-services is varied in function, purpose and format: Individuals have different views of the world around them and this is reflected in their usage of the medium thereby realism was rejected.

Introduction

Roadmap

Research Framework

Research Question

Research Method

Pilot Study

Conclusion

Data Analysis

Data Analysis

Introduction

Roadmap

Research Framework

Research Question

Research Method

Pilot Study

Conclusion

Data Analysis

Why Anti-positivism?

It is assumed that the lifestyle of each user are very different between users”.

(Burrell & Morgan, 1979).

The study assumes an anti-positivist stance, in keeping with the subjectivist approach to social science but also taking a positivist stance where needed.

Data Analysis - Attitude

• Attitude towards local politics

• Attitude towards communication with local council

• What are the issues that you are most concerned with?

• How would you describe the overall impact of participation initiatives on your local authority website on final decision-making in your authority?

• Strengths and weaknesses of your local council

Data AnalysisStrong Democracy: Increasing democratic participation with a meaningful association of citizens within a civic community Introduction

Roadmap

Research Framework

Research Question

Research Method

Pilot Study

Conclusion

Data Analysis


• Attitude towards your community

• Attitude towards your neighbours• Do you feel valued by society?

• Are you involved in helping out a local group as a volunteer?

• Does you local community feel like home?

Data Analysis

Introduction

Roadmap

Research Framework

Research Question

Research Method

Pilot Study

Conclusion

Data Analysis

Increasing social capital:Includes features of social organization such as social networks, norms, and trust that facilitate co-ordination and co-operation for mutual benefit;


• If you need information to make a life decision, do you know where to find that information?

• Do you have problems finding places to access the internet?

• Gives ideas on events you’d like to happen in your community to your local council.

Data Analysis

Introduction

Roadmap

Research Framework

Research Question

Research Method

Pilot Study

Conclusion

Data Analysis

Empowering individuals:Includes discussions of information literacy and ICT access for disadvantaged communities so that all people have opportunities for meaningful participation in an increasingly digitized society


• Do you enjoy living among people of different lifestyles?

• Do you feel part of the local geographic community where you work?

• Do you feel apart of a team at work?

Data Analysis

Revitalizing sense of community:Includes discussions of increasing community involvement and commitment to geographic communities

Introduction

Roadmap

Research Framework

Research Question

Research Method

Pilot Study

Conclusion

Data Analysis


• Is your authority working on schemes to enhance public participation online in collaboration with other local agencies?

• Is your local authority website a marketing tool for small business?

• Are local authority websites enablers for mobilization for a wider range of resources for community economic development?

Data AnalysisProviding economic development opportunities:Includes theories about the use of ICTs to encourage economic activity.

Introduction

Roadmap

Research Framework

Research Question

Research Method

Pilot Study

Conclusion

Data Analysis

Pilot Study

* The pilot study is purposed to complete sometime in June 2007 and the actual fieldwork will commence a month

after that.

Willesden GreenLondon Borough of Brent

KilburnLondon Borough of Camden

Convenience sampling

A survey of all members of the community in the research area. (Target data collection for this research is

30 selected from a random sample)

A survey of the local authority website developer in the research area. (Target data collection for this research is

2 selected from a purposive sample)

Introduction

Roadmap

Research Framework

Research Question

Research Method

Pilot Study

Conclusion

Data Analysis

Developer: Local authority officials Users:

Local community Democracy

Social Capital

Sense of community

IndividualEmpowerment


Community Informatics:

(O’ Neil, 2001)

Conclusion

Introduction

Roadmap

Research Framework

Research Question

Research Method

Pilot Study

Conclusion

Data Analysis

Local Council Websites

Conclusion

Example of key success factors

outcomes of CI projects

(O’ Neil, 2001)

Introduction

Roadmap

Research Framework

Research Question

Research Method

Pilot Study

Conclusion

Data Analysis

How can participation online in local council websites supported by community informatics

lead to better community engagement with communities and citizens?

How can participation online in local council websites supported by community informatics address the

issue of excluded social groups and accessibility?

How can participation online in local council websites supported by community

informatics reshape service delivery?

Conclusion

Introduction

Roadmap

Research Framework

Research Question

Research Method

Pilot Study

Conclusion

Data Analysis

Any Questions?

Introduction

Roadmap

Research Framework

Research Question

Research Method

Pilot Study

Conclusion

Data Analysis

Wish to participate in this study?Email: [email protected]:Participate in study

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