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© Wärtsilä INTERNAL15/10/20201

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WEBINAR: TWO-STROKE ENGINES TECHNOLOGY THE IMPACT OF THE IMO’S GLOBAL SULPHUR CAP 2020

DAY ONE

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Hosted byWEBINAR PRACTICALITIES

© Wärtsilä INTERNAL 15/10/2020 [Presentation name / Author]3

AGENDA

Webinar topics day 1, October 14th 2020:

•Two-stroke portfolio update on Duel Fuel/ LNG technology by WinDG

•Review on Hybrid Fuels & Bunker analyses during 2020 and recommendations by Lloyds Register

•Live Q&A session

Hosted by

© Wärtsilä INTERNAL

Hosted byOUR PRESENTERS

KONRAD RÄSS

HEAD OF ENGINE DEVELOPMENT & TECHNOLOGY, R&DWINGD

NAEEM JAVAID

GLOBAL OPERATIONS MANAGER LLOYDS REGISTER


WINGD PORTFOLIO AND 2 STROKE DF / LNG TECHNOLOGY UPDATEKonrad Räss

Contents

6 © 2020 WinGD WinGD Two-Stroke DF / LNG Technology Update - Konrad Räss

1 WinGD introduction and portfolio

2 Combustion chamber technology updates with service feedback

3 Latest fuel related recommendations

China State Shipbuilding Corporation

310,000 employees globally.

147 companies within the group.

Shipbuilding capability is 18 million

dwt.

7 © 2020 WinGD

CSSC was established in 1999.

It re-merged with CSIC in October 2019

to form the world’s largest shipbuilding

group.

In January 2015, WinGD became a

part of the CSSC group.

In July 2016, CSSC became the sole

WinGD shareholder.

WinGD is the only international

company within the group.

Full vertical integration including ship

design, building and repair yards,

research & design institutes,

equipment manufacturers and

financing.

WinGD Two-Stroke DF / LNG Technology Update - Konrad Räss

Power Range for WinGDX-Engines(Diesel)


Power Range for WinGDX-DF Engines(Dual-Fuel)


10 © 2020 WinGD

Technology UpdatesCombustion chamber components


Optimized liner wall temperatures

– Cooling bore

insulation for

low ratings

– Mid-stroke insulation

– Shorter water

guide jacket

– Adapted water cooling

Pulse Lubricating System

+ grooves

Liner plateau

honed

Anti-polishing ring

2 piston rings for 52,62,72

3 piston rings for 35,40,82,92

– Top ring gas-tight

– Cr-ceramic coated, all rings

since 2006!

– Pre-profiled

Piston ring grooves with

thick chromium layer

Piston skirt nitro carburized

Technology UpdatesCylinder lubricant distribution principle, key for reliability


– The Pulse Jet cyl. lubricating system in combination with patented lubricating oil grooves plus updated pump and nozzle design results in an excellent oil distribution

– Large list of validated cylinder oils support user to select the correct oil and to optimise the feed rates

– Very low wear rates of cylinder liners and piston rings

– It has been clearly demonstrated that WinGD’s tribology concept and engine design is well suited to the operating conditions expected into 2020 and beyond (0 up to 3.5% and higher sulphur fuels)

– Feed rate optimised according to scrape down oil analysis for residual BN and total iron

X-DF Service Feedback

12 © 2020 WinGD

X52, MV S, 5054hrs

₋ Excellent piston running behaviour

₋ Inspection done in 2019, fuel S% between 0.36 –1.7% S, BN 100 mostly, for the 0.36% S fuel BN < 25



13 © 2020 WinGD

X52DF, MV EB, 1848hrs, 25BN oil


₋ Excellent piston running behaviour

₋ Very clean components

₋ No sign of blow by along the piston ring

pack


14 © 2020 WinGD

Cylinder liner conditions after

21’000 hrs on first X62DF


– Excellent piston

running behaviour

– Wear rates close to

zero

– No corrosion is

needed with our

tribology concept to

achieve long TBO


15 © 2020 WinGD

GAV valve conditions after

21’000 hrs on first X62DF


– Gas admission valves

ready to be used again

after overhaul


16 © 2020 WinGD

12X92DF, Impressions after FAT and Seatrial

₋ Excellent piston running component behaviour

₋ Piston rings with perfect running in wear pattern

₋ Inspection after sea trial was carried out after a longer manoeuvring on diesel, therefore the black oil



17 © 2020 WinGD

12X92DF, Impressions after FAT and Seatrial


Two different engines and pistons are shown

Technology Updates

18 © 2020 WinGD

Piston ring / groove cleanliness, DF- engine cylinder oil validation


₋ Two different engines

₋ Two different lubricants

₋ Cylinder oil formulation

needs to be updated

(left side case)

Not fully optimised product DF optimised product

Technology Updates

19 © 2020 WinGD

Piston ring / groove cleanliness, Diesel - engine cylinder oil validation


₋ Same Unit, same

hours (+-2’500hrs) –

₋ ECA fuel

₋ Same trade route

₋ Same BN and feed

rate

₋ Low detergency vs

improved detergency

WinGD Lubricants Guideline

20 © 2020 WinGD

Find the guide at wingd.com

Search Validated Cylinder Oils to see the latest version

₋ New oil list with detailed usage guideline for each product introduced beginning of June 2020

₋ Not every oil from the same BN category has the same usage guideline to consider the different formulations (e.g. detergency, thermal stability, etc.) and the results of the field tests performed.

₋ New list very transparent and customer friendly. The customer can better compare the oils and the usage differences are clearly visible. This will also push the oil companies to develop better products to be competitive on the premium segment. Additionally, it justifies the price differences for the premium products which was previously not obvious.


WinGD Lubricants Guideline


Operation of WinGD Engines with VLSFO and LNG

23 © 2020 WinGD

Conclusions₋ Use of VLSFO did not lead to an increased number of damage reports.

₋ Our tribology concept works for all fuels from LNG to 3.5 % S.

₋ WinGD considers lubricant oil as a design element of that engine itself. The correct lubricant is key for reliable engine operation.

₋ WinGD works together with the oil companies to develop cylinder oils with higher cleaning ability.

₋ The latest lubricant guideline gives a more transparent insight of how products were tested.

₋ No component changes are required for 2020 compliant fuels.



POLL 1

15/10/2020 [Presentation name / Author]24


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NAEEM JAVAID


Implementation, recommendations and conclusions

Switch over to VLSFO

Naeem Javaid15 October 2020

Potential safety implications – expressed pre 2020 + IMO MEPC:

• Fuel grade variability

• Stability of fuel supplied

• Cold flow properties

• Flash point

• Ignition quality

• Acid number

• Cat fines

• Annex VI Reg 18.3 – IMO

• ISO Clause 5 ( chemicals)

• Compatibility challenges

Lloyd's Register27

Pre 2020 – VLSFO quality perceptions

Distillate – Residual distribution

Lloyd's Register 28

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

% of HFO samples categorised under DM<8.3 cSt V50 forDM

Total % of samples categorised under DM Total % samples categorised under RM >8.3 cSt V50

Fuel grade distribution

2020 2018

Sulphur content distribution

Lloyd's Register 29

‘Less than 10% of bunkers burning high sulphur fuel oil‘

VLSFO Key Parameter Averages % changes VLSFO vs HSFO

Lloyd's Register 30

Sulphur Group 2020 2020 HSFO HSFO 2020 HSFO 2018

0.11< S < 0.53 VLSFO HSFO Differential % Change % Change

Viscosity (V50) 113.8 294.1 -180.3 -61.3 -67.4

Density 0.9373 0.9801 -0.0428 -4.4 -4.9

MCR 5.76 13.58 -7.82 -57.6 -57.8

Net Spec Energy 41.73 40.44 1.29 3.2 3.4

CCAI 817 845.403 -28 -3.3 -3.6

Pour Point 8 2 6

Al+Si 18 19 -1 -5.3 -25.0

Sulphur 0.46 2.57 -2.11 -82.1 -82.3

TSA 0.02 0.03

VGC 100 0.876 0.916 -0.04 -4.4 -4.8

VLSFO more paraffinic indicated by Lower - Density / MCR / CCAI/ VGC and Higher - Pour Point / NSE

Viscosity Distribution

Lloyd's Register 31

75% samples 20- 180 cSt at 50 oC4 % samples <20 cSt2 % samples <10 cSt

‘Illustrates the importance of specifying a minimum Viscosity and whether DM or RM in your bunker order’

Viscosity – Sulphur Spread

Lloyd's Register 32

VLSFO 2- 480cStInj. -Temp 40–150 0C Differential 110 oC

ULSFO 2-100 cStInj. Temp.40 -115 oCDifferential 75 oC

‘Potential implication on extreme thermal changes between bunkers for heating and cooling’

VLSFO – Pour Point oC % Ave. distribution

Lloyd's Register 33

HSFO - 0.19% >21 OCVLSFO- 13.51% >21oC

HSFO – 6.27% > 6 Deg VLSFO –59.14% >6 deg

ASTMD 7845 of VLSFO

Lloyd's Register 34

Only a few problems reported – but difficult to directly relate the chemical to the problems – over time patterns are expected to emerge

Acid Number Distribution

Lloyd's Register 35

Increase in AN is mainly associate with Naphthenic Acid found in blends stocks

But can be an indicator of deleterious materials which may be revealed through more investigative analysis such as extended GCMS

VLSFO quality update

Lloyd's Register 36

1st Half 2020

Off Spec 5.1 %

1st Qtr 2020

Off Spec 8 %

Fuel quality investigations

Lloyd's Register 37

Overall Operational issues (severe cases only)

15.38%

7.69%

15.38%

7.69%

53.85%

Major fuel quality investigations

Cylinder Liner Scuffing & high wear Frequent filter clogging Fuel pump seizure/sticking/wear Piston ring wear/damage Sludging

Reasons for main operational issues

Lloyd's Register 38

50.00%

16.67%

33.33%

Fuel pump problems

Fatty acids Polymers ongoing

33.33%

9.52%

4.76%9.52%

38.10%

Causes of severe sludging

high/off spec TSP Shale Oil

Insufficient bunker tank heating Trace leves of fatty acids

ongoing

VLSFO impact on combustion

Lloyd's Register 39

2 Stroke engines – wear problems

What the data and experience feedback tell us …………

✓Fuel grade variability - confirmed here to stay

✓Stability of fuel supplied – confirmed marked rise in off spec and sludge cases

✓Cold flow properties – confirmed marked rise in pourpoint and high melt wax

❑Flash point – a slight rise in the DM fuels not in the VLSFO

❑Ignition quality – reported combustion issue but found as – CLO BN feed rate issues

❑Acid number - some rise in certain areas – mostly related to naphthenic blend

✓Cat fines –mostly within limit but need attention

❑Annex VI Reg 18.3 – (Quality Compliance) – monitoring

❑ISO Clause 5 (overall acceptance - chemicals) – Monitoring

✓Compatibility - remains but overall being well managed

VLSFO Quality – what data suggests

Lloyd's Register40

Lessons learnt! – do not drop your guard ………….

● Proactive fuel management

● Knowledge of fuel as loaded

● Temperature / Treatment / Storage management

● Managing compliance risk

● Forward bunker planning – segregation

● Combustion CLO -feed/ Cylinder condition

● Minimising On board storage time

● Selection of Supplier

● Maintaining Evidence port folio

● Overall improved quality

● Availability widening

● Higher energy values

● Improved ignition properties

● Flash point incidents low

● Reduced MCR – deposits

● RM viscosity grades available

● Greater collaboration across the industry

Lloyd's Register

Maintain focus on Positive outcomes

Partnering with youtoday, tomorrow and in the future

Thank you

Lloyd's Register

Naeem Javaid

Global Operations Manager

E [email protected], M +447785901466


POLL 2



Hosted byQ & A

KONRAD RÄSS

HEAD OF ENGINE DEVELOPMENT & TECHNOLOGY, R&DWINGD

NAEEM JAVAID



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