yoff urbain
DESCRIPTION
Urban design of a central open space for everyone to meet and play in Yoff, Dakar, Senegal.TRANSCRIPT
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YOFF URBAINAn urban design and strategic plan for
the Yoff Stadium Precinct, Dakar, Senegal
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YOFF URBAINWidely adored vital public spaces serve as long term social sustainable places, they are as important as hospitals and education in rapid urbanising areas. E. Pealosa.
The project Yoff Urbain involves developing an urban design and strategic plan for the Yoff Stadium Precinct (YSP), an open area in Yoff. Yoff is one of the northern districts of Dakar, the capital of Senegal. The objective is to expand the currently popular sports program and prayer activities related to the stadium into a vibrant multipurpose area for different usergroups.
The YSP is one of the few left over open spaces in Yoff and therefore very precair. In order to preserve as much open space as possible, a strategy is made where spaces and elements are multifunctional and adaptable to diverse usage and future change.
Project name:Made by: With the help off:Date:Commissioned by:
Type of project:University:
State study project:State project:
Yoff UrbainRoos Marijn LimburgCheikh Dram2012William Deijman, DakarkidsStudyRotterdam Academy for Architecture and Urban DesignFinished August 2012Feasibility study
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opportunism
beauty
painfull
autonomy
organic
self organisation
colourfull
sports
density
entrepreneurship
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Top: Geographical position of the siteBottom: Evolutionary timeline of Yoff
AFRICA SENEGAL WEST SENEGAL DAKAR
Dakar
Thies
Diourbel
Fatick
Rufisque
Mbour
Dakar
Senegal
AfricaAfrica
Senegal *8 km
After a huge epidemy, Yoff got partly rebuild. The colonial in uence is visible in the more rigid structure
of the village.
The Lbou*1 migrated from Ethiopia to Egypt to
Mauritania to end up in Sene-gal, Cap Vert
Mid-sixteenth century - the rst Lbou setteled in Cap
Vert
The routes of the Lbou from fth to the 12th
century
1790 - The Republic of the Lebou got established on the
peninsula of Cape Vert. Yoff is one of the villages.
All villages had its own internal leadership, lead by
the Djaraf.
1430 - Yoff gets established by the Djolof
Current outlines of the Yoff Stadium Precinct projected on
older maps
DjolofDjolofDjolofDjolofDjolofDjolof
Source: (UNESCO 2000)
Source: (UNESCO 2000)
Conversion to Islam. Conversion at rst faced heavy
resistance from the Lbou
0 500 1000 1500 1600 1700 1800 1850
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DAKAR SPATIAL FRAMEWORK YOFFDISTRICT: YOFF YOFF STADIUM PRECINCT
Routes on a metropolitan scaleRoutes on a city scale
Dakar city center
Towards Dakar city center 6km
Towards Thies, Rufi sque, Mbour, St-Louis
Towards Cambarene, Pikine
International Airport
Towards Ngor, Almadies
After a huge epidemy, Yoff got partly rebuild. The colonial in uence is visible in the more rigid structure
of the village.
Today, Yoff is granted special autonomy in the constitution, laws and practices of Senegal. In which three different constitutions are in power to different extend: the mayor of Yoff, the Layenne and the Lbou
1996. Yoff changed administra-tively from being a rural com-
munity to a commune of Dakar
Current outlines of the Yoff Stadium Precinct projected on
older maps
the Lbouthe Lbouthe Lbouthe Lbouthe Lbouthe Lbouthe Lbouthe Lbouthe Lbouthe Lbou
1960 - 1980 L-opold
Sdar Senghor President. Parti:
Union Progressiste Sngalaise, or UPS
1980 - 2000 Abdou Diouf
President. Parti Socialiste
2000 - 2012. Abdoulaye Wade President. Parti Dmocratique Sngalais
2012 - currentMacki Sall President. Parti: APR: Alliance pour la Rpublique
Conversion to Islam. Conversion at rst faced heavy
resistance from the Lbou1884 - Layenne order was established by a Yoff-born Lbou marabout, his mausuleum is in Yoff
2010. Dakarkids initiates a redevelop-ment of the Yoff Stadium Precinct
source: google maps source: Gen Europe
1850 1900 1920 1940 1960 1980 2000 2020 20401996. Apecsy sold the stadium-area, it became land of the Yoff
community
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1960 1980 2000 20201940
YSP
Towards Dakar city center 8km
Towards Thies, Rufi sque, Mbour, St-Louis
Towards Cambarene, Pikine
Towards Ngor,
Almadies
Leopold Sengor International airport
19601940 1980 2000 2020
?
?
?
?
SituatednessThe so called situatedness tells how the site is culturally, historically, and physically embedded.The Yoff stadium Precinct is located just off one of the main arteries of Dakar. The images below show urban evolutions of Dakar and Yoff. Dakar has grown tremendously fast after becoming independend in 1960. Around 1990
the expansion of Dakar reached the village of Yoff, which was itsself meantime also rapidly expanding and densifying. Yoff changed administratively from being a rural community to one of the arrondissements of Dakar in 1996.
Situatedness
Top left: urban framework - Dakar; Right: Urban framework - YoffBottom left: Urban evolution - Dakar; Right: Urban evolution Yoff
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There is a distinction between the old villlage of Yoff and the newly build areas. In the traditional village of Yoff, over the years the roads became smaller and the urban structure became chaotic due to unregulated building expansions. It is very lively in the traditional village and there is close connectedness between the inhabitants, in terms of extended families, muslim brotherhoods and
ethnical backgrounds. Newer areas are more open, greener and as oppose to the old village and far not everyone that lives in these newer areas is physically connected to traditional Yoff. Inhabitants of the newer areas come from all over Senegal. The YSP, (Yoff Stadium Precinct) is situated just outside the traditional village.
Old village of Yoff Newly build areas
Images of Yoff
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The cemeteryLeopold Senghor International airport
Yoff stadium
Islamic cemetery
Yoff beach
The marble store
DakarkidsMausuleum of the Layennes
Leopold Sengor International airport
commercial areasweekly marketcommerce around fi shery
30.500m2
10.000m2
2700m23500m2
Prayerfi eld Stadium
prayerfi eld
Yoff Stadium
monday tuesday wednesday thursday friday saturday sunday
500 users/week
1500 users/week
prayerfi eld
stadium
religion at times
cultural activities (religion, performance, art etc.)cultural activities (religion, performance, art etc.)cultural activities (religion, performance, art etc.)cultural activities (religion, performance, art etc.)cultural activities (religion, performance, art etc.)cultural activities (religion, performance, art etc.)
religion at times
sport
housing
education
commmercialcommmercial
green
Section A
Section A
1. Entities on a city-scale show why people from outside Yoff currently come to visit Yoff. 2. Commercial activity takes place alongside the main roads of Yoff, one of these commercial roads runs directly passed, and one ends right at the YSP. Image 3. shows the YSP, with on the west site the prayer area and on the east site the existing stadium, the total area covers 45.000m2. The prayer area is used 3 times a year for a period of a few days. The remaining time it is open to the
community for predominantly sport activities. 4. Aside commercial activity and housing, there are a few mosks and schools in close proximity to the site. 5. The current YSP fascilitates about 2000 users a week with peaks on wednesday and in the weekends. 6. There is a hight difference of 6 meters between the highest and the lowest point of the site, this is over 300 meters length.
Situatedness
Top left: entities that operate on a city-scale; Right: commercial activityMiddle left: the site - Yoff Stadium Precinct (YSP); Right: UsageBottom left: Rhythm analyses; right: altitudes
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UrgenceThe main reasons why the need for revitilizing the YSP is so important are the following. The current airport in Yoff is moving outside the city, therefore there will be a great loss of jobs of many people in Yoff that work there. This in addition to the thousends of people who are currently already jobless in Yoff. Also, the current very few sport facilities are badly maintained and
falling apart while it is a stadium where fi rst division is played. This while other fi rst division stadiums are in a far better state and have more and better facilities. Thirdly Both areas, the stadium and the prayerfi eld are surrounded by high walls and therefore very uninviting to the community. And last, the usage is very uniform, for which it only serves a very limited part of the community.
Urgence
Premiership stadium
fi rst/second division stadium
?
From top to bottom: Badly maintained
High walls make the area uninvitingUniform usage
Yoff stadium is legging behind in comparison to other fi rst division stadiums
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There is so much tension in the use of public spaces within the African cities that we need to start thinking of them as
being a multifunctional space rather then a static space with just one purpose.
Oladayo Oladunjoye, Architect
Successful public spaces are lively places where the manyfunctions of community life take place, and where people feel
ownership and connectedness - true common ground.
Platform for Public Space
Approximit dataYoff area: 3,5 km2Inhabitants: 140.000Inhabitants/HA: 426Average living area/individual (interior): 16m2
PotentialsCurrently, there is incredible little open space in Yoff, not to mention the open space that is public and serving community life. The Yoff Stadium Precinct is one of the few left over open spaces in Yoff and therefore very precair. The Yoff stadium Precinct shouldent remain hidden, monofunctional and unmaintained, but it has
Potentials
a potential to become a public space for everyone to meet and play.
Top: Nolli map of a part of Yoff, showing the urban densityBottom: Inspiring quotes on potentials of public space
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MultilayeredAs said, the Yoff stadium has potential to serve the community of Yoff. This means including diverse programming and serving diverse usergroups (varieing in age, gender, background, economic circumstances etc.) at the same time and over time. This we call a multilayered approach.
Multilayered
Yoff Stadium Precinct = a potential!
for diverse programme for diverse usergroups
in time
multilayered
A multilayered approach
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VERTICAL PERSPECTIVEResearch methods:
Mapping (use in space and time) Study by design Interchange with key informants Literature review
HORIZONTAL PERSPECTIVEResearch methods:
Participatory action research Spatial analyses (use in space and time)
TRAJECTORY:syntheses of the vertical and horizontal perspectives
2010 2015 2020
COMPLETION SPATIAL FRAMEWORK
YSP FURTHER EVOLVES ACCORDING TO CHANGING MARKETS AND DESIRES
3 methodsThree main methods are used in the project. Firstly, in order to make a sustainable plan, the classical thrilogy of economy, social and environment are taken into account in every step of the desisionmaking process. Additionally, the themes: feasibility, vitality and resilience are central themes in the project. Each of these themes are again enforced in their meaning by
complying the trilogy. Secondly, the design proposal is not a fi xed plan but a spatial framework. It is to be seen as a base from which things can grow organically. It aims to guide organic processes that anyhow take place in African streetlife. It guides terms of what can happen but also what cannot happen. And thirdly, the analyses is done through the combination of a horizontal and a vertical perspective.
3 Methods
Trhee methods: Top: approach to sustainabilityMiddle: a guided transformation processBottom: syntheses of a vertical and a horizontal perspective
Resilience [r-zlyns]n.- The property of a material that enables it to resume its original shape or position after being bent, stretched, or compressed; elas-ticity.
Feasibility [fz-bl]adj.- Capable of being accomplished or brought about
Vitality [vatlt]n. - The power or ability to continue in exis-tence, live, or grow
OBJECTIVEThe project involves developing an urban plan for the Yo Stadium precinct. The objective is to expand the currently popular sports program related to the stadium into a vi-brant multipurpose area for diverse usergroups. The plan is adaptable to future user-dynamics while being resil-ience to undesired development such as real estate or waste dump (corners).
POSITIONWidely adored vital public areas are long term social sustainalbe areas, they are as important as hospitals and education in rapid urbanising areas.
The Yo Stadium Precinct is one of the few left over open spaces in Yo and therefore very precair. In order to pre-serve as much open space as possible, a strategy is re-quired where spaces and elements are multifunctional and adaptable to diverse usage and/or future change.
social
economy
environment
socialeconomy
environment
feasibility
vitality
resilience
OBJECTIVEThe project involves developing an urban plan for the Yo Stadium precinct. The objective is to expand the currently popular sports program related to the stadium into a vi-brant multipurpose area for diverse usergroups. The plan is adaptable to future user-dynamics while being resil-ience to undesired development such as real estate or waste dump (corners).
POSITIONWidely adored vital public areas are long term social sustainalbe areas, they are as important as hospitals and education in rapid urbanising areas.
The Yo Stadium Precinct is one of the few left over open spaces in Yo and therefore very precair. In order to pre-serve as much open space as possible, a strategy is re-quired where spaces and elements are multifunctional and adaptable to diverse usage and/or future change.
social
economy
environment
socialeconomy
environment
feasibility
vitality
resilience
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Yoff is a very particular, it is an autonomy like in Monaco. You need to realise this when you want to up-grade the stadium. There are many parties who claim ownership off,
and rights to the stadium.
APECSI soled the stadium to the Yoff community in 1996. Eversince, there has not been any clearity
whoms responsibility it is. Many ideas for de-velopment got stuck
on this.
The prayereld gets used for praying, about
two or three times a year. It may be used for other activities but per-manent developments is
not allowed
People need a place to just enjoy and to withdrawl from
their daily sorrows.
The new stadium area should become nancially self sustainable in time. It needs the right ingredients
to achieve this.
INTERCHANGE WITH INFORMANSA SELECION OF THE RESULTS:
knowledge on agriculture must be passed on to younger generations
for many women is raising kids and earning money difculd to be -combined
The area should also contain a
Unique Selling Point like a big shop for
sport merchendises
The future stadium should include sports as volleyball, climbing, lutte, basketball, handball and athletics.
TAKING ENQUETESA SELECION OF THE RESULTS:
WORKSHOPSA SELECION OF THE RESULTS:
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The stadium area must become a vibrant, lively place but also nice and quiet
We want a stadium to be proud of, the tribune
should seat thousends of people!Us women, we want to
have a space for shops and workshops, and a kindergarden
in the world is Yoff. Id love to watch
a performance or a concert once in a while, that will help me to let go of my daily
sorrows
My favourite place
Yoff is a very particular, it is an autonomy like in Monaco. You need to realise this when you want to up-grade the stadium. There are many parties who claim ownership off,
and rights to the stadium.
APECSI soled the stadium to the Yoff community in 1996. Eversince, there has not been any clearity
whoms responsibility it is. Many ideas for de-velopment got stuck
on this.
The prayereld gets used for praying, about
two or three times a year. It may be used for other activities but per-manent developments is
not allowed
People need a place to just enjoy and to withdrawl from
their daily sorrows.
The new stadium area should become nancially self sustainable in time. It needs the right ingredients
to achieve this.
INTERCHANGE WITH INFORMANSA SELECION OF THE RESULTS:
knowledge on agriculture must be passed on to younger generations
for many women is raising kids and earning money difculd to be -combined
The area should also contain a
Unique Selling Point like a big shop for
sport merchendises
The future stadium should include sports as volleyball, climbing, lutte, basketball, handball and athletics.
TAKING ENQUETESA SELECION OF THE RESULTS:
WORKSHOPSA SELECION OF THE RESULTS:
-
The stadium area must become a vibrant, lively place but also nice and quiet
We want a stadium to be proud of, the tribune
should seat thousends of people!Us women, we want to
have a space for shops and workshops, and a kindergarden
in the world is Yoff. Id love to watch
a performance or a concert once in a while, that will help me to let go of my daily
sorrows
My favourite place
Yoff is a very particular, it is an autonomy like in Monaco. You need to realise this when you want to up-grade the stadium. There are many parties who claim ownership off,
and rights to the stadium.
APECSI soled the stadium to the Yoff community in 1996. Eversince, there has not been any clearity
whoms responsibility it is. Many ideas for de-velopment got stuck
on this.
The prayereld gets used for praying, about
two or three times a year. It may be used for other activities but per-manent developments is
not allowed
People need a place to just enjoy and to withdrawl from
their daily sorrows.
The new stadium area should become nancially self sustainable in time. It needs the right ingredients
to achieve this.
INTERCHANGE WITH INFORMANSA SELECION OF THE RESULTS:
knowledge on agriculture must be passed on to younger generations
for many women is raising kids and earning money difculd to be -combined
The area should also contain a
Unique Selling Point like a big shop for
sport merchendises
The future stadium should include sports as volleyball, climbing, lutte, basketball, handball and athletics.
TAKING ENQUETESA SELECION OF THE RESULTS:
WORKSHOPSA SELECION OF THE RESULTS:
-
The stadium area must become a vibrant, lively place but also nice and quiet
We want a stadium to be proud of, the tribune
should seat thousends of people!Us women, we want to
have a space for shops and workshops, and a kindergarden
in the world is Yoff. Id love to watch
a performance or a concert once in a while, that will help me to let go of my daily
sorrows
My favourite place
Horizontal analyses means here, observation and interchange with a random group of people from Yoff. This included taking enquets and having worksops. Vertical means mapping, literature review, interchange with key informants etc. Where the outomes of the horizontal and the vertical perspectives correspond, they are incorporated in the plan. The following page shows a selection of these outcomes. The images
above show some of the things that are said by the different informant groups. The key informants included the president of the stadium, the head of the village, the head of the notables of the village, the commissioner, a historican and a constructor.
Interchange with people - A selection of outcomes
Three information groups: Top: People from the street by taking enquetes
Middle: People from the street through wokshopsBottom: key informants
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Rhythms and music are deeply routed in the Senegalese culture.
Kids dominate the streets of Yoff, they are often deli-vered to the streets during the day
Colourfull versus grey
Trade is extremely exible, where people are is trade
People love green and to sit under trees, no matter how small...
Bougainville and hybiscus are common shrubs in Senegal.
Goats love new green, thisprecludes young trees to grow
Id like to have a quiet space in Yoff,
but it also has to be lively and vibrant
The walls should be tared down, only then
it will become acces-sible for
everyone
The stadium area should facilitate handball, volley-
ball, swimming, basketball, lutte, rugbey, athletics and
soccer.
The Yoff stadium should become a place for all kinds
of activities. It should be-come the backyard of the
people of Yoff and beyound, it must become a florishing
space!
There must be special facilities for children in
Yoff
The stadium area must be-come a vibrant, lively place but also nice and quiet
We want a stadium to be proud of, the tribune should
seat thousends of people!
Us women, we want to have a space for a shops and workshops, and a kindergarden
My favourite place I know is Yoff.
Id like to have have a spot where I can leave my smallest
children for a couple of hours so that I can spend my time to earn
money..
Id like to play on the streets but after a
while Im sick of playing football, cause
that is what all the boys do.
There are almost no girls who play outside
I dont have enough work to feed my four
children, therefore 2 of them live with my mom
on the countryside Id love to have a small coffee-bar where I can sell
my coffee-specialities
I enjoy sitting outside underneath a tree, as it is our tradition, our
culture.
Id love to watch a performance or a concert once in a while, that will help me to let go of my daily sor-rows
Upgrading the stadium area should also involve a Unique Selling Point like a big shop
for sport merchendises
knowledge on agriculture must be passed on to younger generations
Syntheses of the vertical and horizontal perspectives
Results of varietive analyses methods - a selection
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Rhythms and music are deeply routed in the Senegalese culture.
N
In the YSP and its surroundings extreme little green
Goats love new green, thisprecludes young trees to grow
Mozaic is a common pavement.
Shade is a more important motive for people to stay then determined structures.
Sport is part of Yoffs identity, every morning and evening the beach is loaded with sporting people
Women and men are segregated. men and women are rarely found together in public space.
Football (and sports in general) contributes to positive social development.
The stadium area must be-come a vibrant, lively place but also nice and quiet
We want a stadium to be proud of, the tribune should
seat thousends of people!
Us women, we want to have a space for a shops and workshops, and a kindergarden
Yoff is a very particular, it is an autonomy like in Monaco. You need to realise this when you want to up-grade the stadium. There are many parties who claim ownership off,
and rights to the stadium.
APECSI soled the stadium to the Yoff community in 1996. Eversince, there has not been any clearity
whoms responsibility it is. Many ideas for de-velopment got stuck
on this.
The prayerfield gets used for praying, about
two or three times a year. It may be used for other activities but per-manent developments is
not allowed
People need a place to just enjoy and to withdrawl from
their daily sorrows.
The new stadium area should become financially self sustainable in time. It needs the right ingredients
to achieve this.
The strong sports-identity in Yoff should be exploited, the future stadium should include sports as volleyball, climbing, lutte, basketball, swimming and athletics.
for many women is raising kids and earning money dif culd to be com-bined
knowledge on agriculture must be passed on to younger generations
-
OBJECTIVEThe project involves developing an urban plan for the Yo Stadium precinct. The objective is to expand the currently popular sports program related to the stadium into a vi-brant multipurpose area for diverse usergroups. The plan is adaptable to future user-dynamics while being resil-ience to undesired development such as real estate or waste dump (corners).
POSITIONWidely adored vital public areas are long term social sustainalbe areas, they are as important as hospitals and education in rapid urbanising areas.
The Yo Stadium Precinct is one of the few left over open spaces in Yo and therefore very precair. In order to pre-serve as much open space as possible, a strategy is re-quired where spaces and elements are multifunctional and adaptable to diverse usage and/or future change.
social
economy
environment
socialeconomy
environment
feasibility
vitality
resilience
focuss
A guided transformation process
syntheses between vertical and horizontal perspective
diverse usergroups
diverse programme
ProgrammeAll previous information: the three methods, including the outcomes of the third method (the different perspectives) and including the potentials and the urgence, has lead to four themes with an according programme. These four themes are commerce, sport, culture and public(s) space(s), including urban agriculture and a treeplant school. The programme alltogether requires 140.000m2
while the site is only 40.000m2 big. A solution is made by making many spaces and objects multifunctional. This way the desired programme can fi t into the area of the YSP.
Programme
commerce
infrastructure
spor
tpu
blic(s
) sp
aces
(s)cu
lture
Commerce en expansion (900m2)
Commerce - avec des structures xes (1300 m2)
Un terrain dentrainement en grava nis (750m2)
Les matchs des juniors et des entrainements sur lespace de prire (7000m2)
Un terrain de rugby plus une tribune 3000 spectateurs (13.500m2)
Un podium grande chelle et une tribune pour les spectacles et les ftes (13.500m2)
Parkings (800 m)
2200m2 infrastructures
Espace public maximum: 40.000m
Bassin deau (50m2)
Un terrain gazonn plus une tribune de 1000 spectateurs (2000m2)
Arne de lutte avec une tribune de 1000 spectateurs (2000m2)
Course de fond (1000m2)
Un podium petite chelle et une tribune (400m2)
Un podium moyenne chelle et une tribune pour les spectacles 1000 spectateurs (2000 m)
Espace de jeux (700m)
Agriculture urbaine (1800m)
Ecole ppinire (1100m2)
Espace de prire pour les entrainements et les matchs des juniors (7000 m )
1.2.
3.4.
-
coeur de la zone
Required: 140.000m programmatic infi ll
available: 40.000m2
Solution: multifunctional use of space and objects
commerce
infrastructure
spor
tpu
blic(
s) s
pace
s(s)
cultu
re
Commerce en expansion (900m2)
Commerce - avec des structures xes (1300 m2)
Un terrain dentrainement en grava nis (750m2)
Les matchs des juniors et des entrainements sur lespace de prire (7000m2)
Un terrain de rugby plus une tribune 3000 spectateurs (13.500m2)
Un podium grande chelle et une tribune pour les spectacles et les ftes (13.500m2)
Parkings (800 m)
2200m2 infrastructures
Espace public maximum: 40.000m
Bassin deau (50m2)
Un terrain gazonn plus une tribune de 1000 spectateurs (2000m2)
Arne de lutte avec une tribune de 1000 spectateurs (2000m2)
Course de fond (1000m2)
Un podium petite chelle et une tribune (400m2)
Un podium moyenne chelle et une tribune pour les spectacles 1000 spectateurs (2000 m)
Espace de jeux (700m)
Agriculture urbaine (1800m)
Ecole ppinire (1100m2)
Espace de prire pour les entrainements et les matchs des juniors (7000 m )
1.2.
3.4.
commerce
infrastructure
spor
tpu
blic(s
) sp
aces
(s)cu
lture
Commerce en expansion (900m2)
Commerce - avec des structures xes (1300 m2)
Un terrain dentrainement en grava nis (750m2)
Les matchs des juniors et des entrainements sur lespace de prire (7000m2)
Un terrain de rugby plus une tribune 3000 spectateurs (13.500m2)
Un podium grande chelle et une tribune pour les spectacles et les ftes (13.500m2)
Parkings (800 m)
2200m2 infrastructures
Espace public maximum: 40.000m
Bassin deau (50m2)
Un terrain gazonn plus une tribune de 1000 spectateurs (2000m2)
Arne de lutte avec une tribune de 1000 spectateurs (2000m2)
Course de fond (1000m2)
Un podium petite chelle et une tribune (400m2)
Un podium moyenne chelle et une tribune pour les spectacles 1000 spectateurs (2000 m)
Espace de jeux (700m)
Agriculture urbaine (1800m)
Ecole ppinire (1100m2)
Espace de prire pour les entrainements et les matchs des juniors (7000 m )
1.2.
3.4.
-
low key wing
PRINCIPLE 1:MULTI-USE OF SPACE
PRINCIPLE 2:THE AREA LIKE A BUTTERFLY
PRINCIPLE 3:PERMEABILITY AND OPENNESS
PRINCIPLE 4:TERRACES TO MARK OUT
DIFFERENT AREAS
low key wing
PRINCIPLE 1:MULTI-USE OF SPACE
PRINCIPLE 2:THE AREA LIKE A BUTTERFLY
PRINCIPLE 3:PERMEABILITY AND OPENNESS
PRINCIPLE 4:TERRACES TO MARK OUT
DIFFERENT AREAS
coeur de la zone
4 principlesIn addition to the principle of multiuse there are three more project principles. The area is seen as a butter y. The west wing is the low key wing, with little (commercial) activity. In the core, central activities take place like an information centre, a slow road, central squares and a women centre. The right wing is the high key wing: it fascilitates the big stadium and commercial
activity that functions on a city scale. Principle 3 shows the area to be open and permeable. In favor of safety, openness and accessibility. The last principle shows that the design is build up from terraces, they mark out different zones and bridge the height difference. Following pages show different areas of the design with additional information on the whats, whys and wheres.
4 Principles
low key wing
high key wing
body- the heart of the area
PRINCIPLE 1:MULTI-USE OF SPACE
PRINCIPLE 2:THE AREA LIKE A BUTTERFLY
PRINCIPLE 3:PERMEABILITY AND OPENNESS
PRINCIPLE 4:TERRACES TO MARK OUT
DIFFERENT AREAS
High key wing
Low key wing
Core
Left: Principle 1. The design optimises landuse by the multiuse of space and objects.Right top: Principle 2. The area like a butter yRight middle: Principle 3. Permeability and opennessRight bottom: Principle 4. Terraces
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Design - examples of programmatic usage
Iconic element at the end of a busy road to mark the YSP
Commercial activity as continuation of the existing commercial activity in the road
Tree-plant school and urban agriculture
Douala Sound garden
Urban agriculture
references
cole ppinaire
urban agriculture
Sport climb wall
Public(s) Space(s)
Public(s) Space(s)
watch tower
* *******************************
Commerceshops
LOW KEY WING
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Infrastructure
referencesCORE
road crossing the area
P (15 cars) + k&r
P (50 cars)
P (8 cars)P (6 cars)
Small scale performance area
Central square with women working center and adjoining playground
Breakdance performence
CultureCulturesmall scale performance area
women selling home made soap
a playground
Women selling home made soap
women centreand daycare
playground
Women get a central position in the area
Commerce
Public(s) Space(s)
Design - examples of programmatic usage
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Couleur orange en mosaque
Couleur jaune en mosaque
Couleur bleu/vert en mosaque
Programme commercial
lment iconique en mur lev
tribune
Terrain athltique
Programme commercial avec un espace dexpension
Terrains de sport
Lutte
Parking des voitures, vlos et taxis
Grilles qui peuvent ouvrir
Grilles ferm
Zone de jardin
cole ppinire
Agriculture urbaine
Terrains de sport
jardin denfant
Commerce de femmes com-bines avec garde denfants
women selling home made soap
a playground
Women selling home made soap
HIGH KEY WING referencesCommercial activity on a city scale
A stadium for 3000 spectators for sports and culural activities
A part of the stadium can be used for court related sports, lutte and cinema and theatre
A part of the stadium can be used for court related sports, lutte and cinema and theatre
PP
P
Commerce
Public(s) Space(s)
Sport
Culture
backside tribune faces
fackside exis-ting dwellings
opennes to open areas
the stadium stands out because of its position, orientation and altitude
north south orientation of the sportsfi eld is favorable
tribune corresponds with altitude lines
Reasons why the orientation of the stadium is favorable
The stadium can also be used for big events like a hiphop concert
public cinema in Jenin
Ensured good visibility and accessibility
tribune with a stage and cinema-screen(1000 people)
Sport
Commerce
Public(s) Space(s)
queing area for entering the stadium
gym and fysiotherapy underneath tribune
food and beverages, gym and fysiotherapy underneath tribune
gym - women and men separated
food and drink outgifts at the entrances of the stadium
Separate gyms for women and men
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FENCES
Design - examples of objects that can be used in multiple ways
Multiple use of objects. Aside the multi-use of space, the design includes also a list of objects that can be used in multiple ways. To name a few:Fences. There are fences that remain closed, functioning to stop balls, support shrubs and keeping people out or in. There are also fences that can open up. They then provide
access and shade. At the main entrance of the stadium, when the fence is closed, it can function as ticketsale box. Borders. at some places the existing walls retain, sometimes they get cut down and sometimes the get entirely broken down to provide access. At the new borders of ther area, new walls get placed to avoid cattle
fences that remain closed
PTraining
stops balls supports shrubs keeps people out
ticketsale
access and coverage
access stadium
fences that can open up
BORDERS
gutter cattle grid
retaining entire wall
cut down to seats
existing walls
gutter and cattle grid
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PLANTS, TREES AND SHRUBS
to enter and to mark the borders of the YSP. At the access points of the area, a cattle grid is placed. At some points, this grid can also function as a gutter leading the water to the green areas. Flora. Flora in itself is already multifunctional, for it carries a lot of functions. In case of the YSP, plants offer beauty, roots that enhance the quality and
absorption level of the ground, air quality, sometimes fruit and vegetables and they can be used for educatoin purposes. Trees and shrubs also have all these qualities and in adition trees provide shade and shrubs function as windbreakers.
Plants
shrubs
+shadow
+wind-breaker
aesthetics fruit and vege-tables
roots educationair quality
trees
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The spatial framework
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Couleur orange en mosaque
Couleur jaune en mosaque
Couleur bleu/vert en mosaque
Programme commercial
lment iconique en mur lev
tribune
Terrain athltique
Programme commercial avec un espace dexpension
Terrains de sport
Lutte
Parking des voitures, vlos et taxis
Grilles qui peuvent ouvrir
Grilles ferm
Zone de jardin
cole ppinire
Agriculture urbaine
Terrains de sport
jardin denfant
Commerce de femmes com-bines avec garde denfants
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Some impressions...
Top: Existing situation - stadiumBottom: Impression new stadium
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Top: Existing situation - prayerfi eldBottom: Impression new prayerfi eld
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Top: Existing situation - wall around the sportsfi eld on the South-East end of the YSP Bottom: Impression new stadium on the South-East end of the YSP
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Rhythms and music are deeply routed in the Senegalese culture.
Kids dominate the streets of Yoff, they are often deli-vered to the streets during the day
Colourfull versus grey
Trade is extremely exible, where people are is trade
People love green and to sit under trees, no matter how small...
Bougainville and hybiscus are common shrubs in Senegal.
Goats love new green, thisprecludes young trees to grow
Id like to have a quiet space in Yoff,
but it also has to be lively and vibrant
The walls should be tared down, only then
it will become acces-sible for
everyone
The stadium area should facilitate handball, volley-
ball, swimming, basketball, lutte, rugbey, athletics and
soccer.
The Yoff stadium should become a place for all kinds
of activities. It should be-come the backyard of the
people of Yoff and beyound, it must become a florishing
space!
There must be special facilities for children in
Yoff
The stadium area must be-come a vibrant, lively place but also nice and quiet
We want a stadium to be proud of, the tribune should
seat thousends of people!
Us women, we want to have a space for a shops and workshops, and a kindergarden
My favourite place I know is Yoff.
Id like to have have a spot where I can leave my smallest
children for a couple of hours so that I can spend my time to earn
money..
Id like to play on the streets but after a
while Im sick of playing football, cause
that is what all the boys do.
There are almost no girls who play outside
I dont have enough work to feed my four
children, therefore 2 of them live with my mom
on the countryside Id love to have a small coffee-bar where I can sell
my coffee-specialities
I enjoy sitting outside underneath a tree, as it is our tradition, our
culture.
Id love to watch a performance or a concert once in a while, that will help me to let go of my daily sor-rows
Upgrading the stadium area should also involve a Unique Selling Point like a big shop
for sport merchendises
knowledge on agriculture must be passed on to younger generations
Syntheses of the vertical and horizontal perspectives
ImplementationThis project might be brought into realisation. The diagrams above and the following text brie y describes the next steps that are to be taken. The next phase involves 1. adjusting the design after gaining new input from the community of Yoff and 2. formalizing a steering committee. After this is done, there is the fi rst go moment. Hereafter a business plan
needs to be made with the steering committee,. This can be done after further architecturally design and engineering and an according cost estimation. After this the business plan will be used to mobilize recourses. If there is enough money for fi rst implementation, there is the second go moment and the realization of the spatial framework / the design can take off in phases.The so called phase includes infrastructure and
Implementation
2013 2014 20152012
adjusting design
architecture and engineering
mobilizing recources
formalizing steering committee
cost estimation
business plan
FIRST GO MOMENT
SECOND GO
MOMENT
implementation phase 1
social preparation
2010 2015 2020
COMPLETION SPATIAL FRAMEWORK
YSP FURTHER EVOLVES ACCORDING TO CHANGING
MARKETS AND DESIRES
2013 2014 20152012
adjusting design
architecture and engineering
mobilizing recources
implementation phase 1
social preparationformalizing steering committee
cost estimation
FIRST GO MOMENT
SECOND GO
MOMENT
Implementation Phase 2 & 3
COMPLETION SPATIAL
2014 2015
mobilizing recources
implementation phase 1
social preparationsocial preparationsocial preparation
SECOND GO
MOMENTMOMENTMOMENTMOMENT
Implementation Implementation Phase 2 & 3Phase 2 & 3
YSP FURTHER EVOLVES ACCORDING TO CHANGING
MARKETS AND DESIRES
COMPLETION SPATIAL FRAMEWORK
Implementation Implementation Implementation Phase 2 & 3Phase 2 & 3
YSP FURTHER EVOLVES ACCORDING TO CHANGING
MARKETS AND DESIRES
COMPLETION SPATIAL FRAMEWORK
Planning - top: long term and below: short term
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Rhythms and music are deeply routed in the Senegalese culture.
N
In the YSP and its surroundings extreme little green
Goats love new green, thisprecludes young trees to grow
Mozaic is a common pavement.
Shade is a more important motive for people to stay then determined structures.
Sport is part of Yoffs identity, every morning and evening the beach is loaded with sporting people
Women and men are segregated. men and women are rarely found together in public space.
Football (and sports in general) contributes to positive social development.
The stadium area must be-come a vibrant, lively place but also nice and quiet
We want a stadium to be proud of, the tribune should
seat thousends of people!
Us women, we want to have a space for a shops and workshops, and a kindergarden
Yoff is a very particular, it is an autonomy like in Monaco. You need to realise this when you want to up-grade the stadium. There are many parties who claim ownership off,
and rights to the stadium.
APECSI soled the stadium to the Yoff community in 1996. Eversince, there has not been any clearity
whoms responsibility it is. Many ideas for de-velopment got stuck
on this.
The prayerfield gets used for praying, about
two or three times a year. It may be used for other activities but per-manent developments is
not allowed
People need a place to just enjoy and to withdrawl from
their daily sorrows.
The new stadium area should become financially self sustainable in time. It needs the right ingredients
to achieve this.
The strong sports-identity in Yoff should be exploited, the future stadium should include sports as volleyball, climbing, lutte, basketball, swimming and athletics.
for many women is raising kids and earning money dif culd to be com-bined
knowledge on agriculture must be passed on to younger generations
parking, this can be done with little fi rst money. After this implementation the YSP phase 2 and three can follow accoring to the available resources. The image above shows what phase 2 and 3 look like. During all phases, the big sportsfi eld can remain in function.
Phasing proposition
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Optional future usage - a wednesday in june in 2018
A wednedsay in june 2018. Some examples are shown of optional future use. This example shows a wednedsay in june, 2018. In the morning there is a fi rst division soccer match, herefor the stadium is closed off. Throughout the day there are several trainings in several areas. And from eight to eleven there are classes in the tree plant education area. The bottom image on the right page shows the
occupation at 4pm this day:There is a soccer training going on on the prayerfi eld and there are youth matches for girls in soccer and rugby on the main fi eld of the stadium. Meanwhile there are two clubs training lutte and basketball on the court and lutte pit in the stadium.
There is a class at the cole pepinaire, people are working at the terrain for urban agriculture and there is some recreational activity on the prayerfi eld.
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commerce - incremental (900m2)
commerce - xed structure (1300 m2)asphalt nish training court (750m2)
prayereld for training and matches - junior (7000m2)
rugby/soccer eld +tribune (3000 spectators) (13.500m2)
large scale stage and tribune for perfor-mances and parties (13.500m2)
800m2 parking
2200m2 infrastructure
maximising public space 40.000m2
water basin (50m2)
asphalt sportseld +tribune (1000 spec-tators) (2000m2)
Lutte sportseld + tribune for 1000 spectators (2000m2)
running track (1000m2)small scale stage and tribune (400m2)
medium scale stage and tribune for per-formances (1000 spectators) (2000m2)
47.000 m2
Abailable area desired programme
playground (700m2)
urban agriculture (1800m2)
cole pepignaire (1100m2)
prayereld for training and matches - junior (7000m2)
0:00 1:00 2:00 3:00 4:00 5:00 6:00 7:00 8:00 9:00 10:00 11:00 12:00 1:00 2:00 3:00 4:00 5:00 6:00 7:00 8:00 9:00 10:00 11:00 00:00 AM PM
commerce
recreational basketball
closed area
closed area
recreational volleyball
luttetraining
basketball training
sprint training
rst divisionsoccer match
public(s) space(s)
public(s) space(s)
public(s) space(s)
dressing rooms dressing roomsspectators on tribune
streets
parking area
commerce in covered central women areainformation centre
occupation playground
class at cole de pepignairecommerce
urban agriculture
basketball training
basketball trainingbasketball training
youth sportyouth sportyouth sportyouth sportsoccer, rugby, soccer, rugby, soccer, rugby, soccer, rugby, basketball and basketball and basketball and basketball and
lutte - lutte - training and training and training and training and
matchesmatchesmatches
closed area
youth sportsoccer, rugby, basketball
and climbingtraining and matches
a wedensday in june
youth matchesrugby and soccer for girls
classes at the cole pepiniere
basketballtraining
boys
soccer training
lutte training boys
public(s) space(s)sportsculturecommerce infrastructure
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A saturday in february 2018.This week, there are prayer activities on the prayerfi eld. This praying takes place at night. But during the day, tents also occupy the prayerarea. The remaining area of the YSP can be used for other activities. The bottom image on the right page shows the situation at 9PM:The shops on the west side of the area are still open because of the prayer activities. The praying just com-
mences, for it to continue for the entire night. In the central workshop and shop centre, women are selling food and beverages for during the night.
Optional future usage - a saturday in february 2020
Top: There is still some commercial activity in the late evening in the high key wing. Shops are not really expanded yetBottom: Shops in the street remain open untill late and the climbschool is just about to call it a day.
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commerce - incremental (900m2)
commerce - xed structure (1300 m2)asphalt nish training court (750m2)
prayereld for training and matches - junior (7000m2)
rugby/soccer eld +tribune (3000 spectators) (13.500m2)
large scale stage and tribune for perfor-mances and parties (13.500m2)
800m2 parking
2200m2 infrastructure
maximising public space 40.000m2
water basin (50m2)
asphalt sportseld +tribune (1000 spec-tators) (2000m2)
Lutte sportseld + tribune for 1000 spectators (2000m2)
running track (1000m2)small scale stage and tribune (400m2)
medium scale stage and tribune for per-formances (1000 spectators) (2000m2)
47.000 m2
Abailable area desired programme
playground (700m2)
urban agriculture (1800m2)
cole pepignaire (1100m2)
prayereld for training and matches - junior (7000m2)
0:00 1:00 2:00 3:00 4:00 5:00 6:00 7:00 8:00 9:00 10:00 11:00 12:00 1:00 2:00 3:00 4:00 5:00 6:00 7:00 8:00 9:00 10:00 11:00 00:00 AM PM
commerce
recreational basketball
recreational basketball
closed area
closed area
closed area
Area occupied by prayer tent
recreational volleyball
luttetraining
youth sportsoccer, rugby, basketball and
lutte - training and
matches
rugbytraining
public(s) space(s)
public(s) space(s)
dressing rooms dressing rooms
streets
parking areacommerce in covered central women area
occupation playground
urban agriculture
Prayer activities Prayer activities
basketball training
recreational volleyball
volleyball trainig
commerce
information centre
a saturday in february
area occupied by tents for prayer-activities of the Layennes
women make and sell food and
beverage
shops stay open at night because of the prayer-activities
public(s) space(s)sportsculturecommerce infrastructure
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Optional future scenario - on a busy day
2027, in a peak year on a peak day. Pretty much every area is occupied on every moment of the day. Theres a wedding ceremony on the prayerfi eld in the morning. Meanwhile there is a rugby match, attracting 3000 spectators. All parkingplaces in and outside the area are in use. Commerce is booming and at night theres a hip hop event with Daraa J, a big hiphop musician in Senegal. The image
on the bottom of the right page shows the situation at 7:15PM:The area behind the stadium is full of people that are queuing to enter the stadium. Women selling home made food and beverages, partly from the self-harvested fruits en vegetables. Incrementable shops are grown to wholesome shops.
Top: People queuing for tickets and to enter and there is many commercial activity. Bottom: The expanded commercial area.
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commerce - incremental (900m2)
commerce - xed structure (1300 m2)asphalt nish training court (750m2)
prayereld for training and matches - junior (7000m2)
rugby/soccer eld +tribune (3000 spectators) (13.500m2)
large scale stage and tribune for perfor-mances and parties (13.500m2)
800m2 parking
2200m2 infrastructure
maximising public space 40.000m2
water basin (50m2)
asphalt sportseld +tribune (1000 spec-tators) (2000m2)
Lutte sportseld + tribune for 1000 spectators (2000m2)
running track (1000m2)small scale stage and tribune (400m2)
medium scale stage and tribune for per-formances (1000 spectators) (2000m2)
47.000 m2
Abailable area desired programme
playground (700m2)
urban agriculture (1800m2)
cole pepignaire (1100m2)
prayereld for training and matches - junior (7000m2)
0:00 1:00 2:00 3:00 4:00 5:00 6:00 7:00 8:00 9:00 10:00 11:00 12:00 1:00 2:00 3:00 4:00 5:00 6:00 7:00 8:00 9:00 10:00 11:00 00:00 AM PM
rugbymatch
youth sportsoccer, rugby, basketball and
lutte - training and
matches
youth sportsoccer, rugby, basketball
and climbingtraining and matches
commerceclosed area
artist backstage area artist backstage areadressing rooms dressing roomsspectators on tribune
and on the eldspectators on tribune
entrance and exit spectators entrance and exit spectators
streets
parking area
extra parking
wedding ceremony
Hiphopevent
extra parking
replacement of grown up treesurban agriculture
occupation playground
commerce
commerce in covered central women area
closed area
information centre
a future scenario - busya future scenario - busya future scenario - busya future scenario - busya future scenario - busya future scenario - busya future scenario - busya future scenario - busy
hip hop eventdaraa J
entrancesstadium
incrementedshops
incrementedshops
women selling food and
beverages
bars and take aways underneath the tribune
public(s) space(s)sportsculturecommerce infrastructure
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What does the spatial framework preclude?So far we discussed the opportunities, the cans of the spatial framework. But the design also carries elements that preclude certain things to happen, the can nots. To list a few..A. The spatial framework aims to avoid undesired random use:1. through clearity 2. by generating pride and
3.transparent management (external actor)B. The spatial framework aims to be a safe area through openess and transparencyC. The spatial framework also excludes certain undesired routings such as 1. entering the stadium during an event, 2. entering the YSP by car or charette, 3. goats and sheep to enter the YSP.
Preclusions
Facing east from the kiss and ride zone
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prayerfi eld
Yoff Stadium
monday tuesday wednesday thursday friday saturday sunday
500 users /week
1500users/week
prayerfi eld
Yoff Stadium
monday tuesday wednesday thursday friday saturday sunday
3500utilisateurs/semaine
Results
ResultsThe revitalization of the Yoff staium Precinct will generate various valuable concequences. The images above show a few of these achievements. Next to the physical, aestetical, functional, economical etc. benifi ts, it is pride that will be the greatest achievement of this project. Cause pride will generate further development. Part of
the revitalization of the YSP will also be cleaning up the dirt and the mess in the area around the stadium, a strip from the main road to the beach. This all in all is to function as an example for the rest of Yoff and neighbouring villages.
Top: From 2000 users per week to a plurifi cation of this amountBottom: From a venue serving a limited amount of people to a venue that functions on a city scale
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Premiership soccer stadium
first/second division soccer stadium
? !
Top: From a space with hardly any green to an area with trees, shrubs, grass and plantsBottom: From a stadium that is legging behind to the best stadium amongst first division stadiums
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YOFF URBAIN