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Year 8 Autumn Term Knowledge Organiser 2018

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YEAR 8 KNOWLEDGE ORGANISER:

Autumn Term 2018

Name: Form:

“The view from space is really very special. From the window, you can look back at the Earth and see the stars around you. I just hope that more people from Britain get the chance to experience it.”

Helen SharmanHelen Patricia Sharman, OBE, is a British chemist who became the first British astronaut and the first woman to visit the Mir space station in 1991.

Born: 30 May 1963


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CONTENTS PAGE:

If you are using an electronic version of this Knowledge Organiser and open it in Adobe Acrobat Reader you can press the buttons above to jump straight to the page you want.

Page 3

Page 4 & 5

Page 6

Page 7

Page 8 & 9

Page 10 & 11

Page 11 & 12

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Instructions for using your Knowledge OrganiserEvery school day you should be studying at least 1 section of your Knowledge Organiser (KO) for homework.

The timetable on the next page tells you which subjects you should be studying on which days (it doesn’t matter if you have that subject on that day or not, you should follow the timetable).

You are to use your exercise book to show the work you have done. Each evening you should start a new page and put the date clearly at the top.

You need to bring your KO and exercise book with you EVERYDAY to the academy.

Your parents should tick off your homework every evening using the grid in your KO on page 4. Parents should also sign off your reading using the reading log on page 5, this will be checked in your library lesson.

Your KO and exercise book will be checked regularly in form time, failure to show homework for ALL FIVE days of the week will result in an after school detention that day.

You will also be tested in your lessons on knowledge from the organisers.

PresentationYou should take pride in how you present your work: • Each page should be clearly dated at the top left hand side with

Subject 1 written in the middle. • Half way down the page a line should divide it in two with Subject 2

written above the dividing line. • Each half of the page should be neatly filled with evidence of self-

testing. There should be an appropriate amount of work.• Failure to show pride in your presentation or wasting space on your

page with large writing or starting a number of lines down will result in a negative point.

• Ask someone to write questions for you• Write your own challenging questions and

then leave it overnight to answer them the next day

• Create mindmaps• Create flashcards• Put the key words into new sentences • Look, cover, write and check• Mnemonics• Draw a comic strip of a timeline

• Use the ‘clock’ template to divide the information into smaller sections. Then test yourself on different sections

• Give yourself spelling tests• Definition tests• Draw diagrams of processes• Draw images and annotate/label them with

extra information• Do further research on the topic• Create fact files• Create flowcharts

Self-testingYou can use your KOs and book in a number of different ways but you should not just copy from the Knowledge Organiser into your book. Use the ‘How to self-test with the Knowledge Organiser’ booklet you were given to help you. It can also be

found here: http://www.bluecoatwollaton.co.uk/learning/knowledge-organisers/

Below are some possible tasks you could do in your workbooks, no matter which tasks you do you should always check and correct your work in a different coloured pen.


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You are expected to study the subject(s) shown on your timetable each day.Each day use a page of your exercise booklet to evidence your work.Week 1

Week starting3rd September

Subject 1 Subject 2 Signed Off

Monday English ArtTuesday Music DramaWednesday Maths DTThursday Principal’s Page MFLFriday Science

Week 2Week starting 10th September


Monday English HistoryTuesday RE PEWednesday Maths ITThursday Principal’s Page GeographyFriday Science

Week 3Week starting 17th September


Monday English Art

Tuesday Music Drama

Wednesday Maths DT

Thursday Principal’s Page MFL

Friday ScienceWeek 4Week starting 24th September


Monday English History

Tuesday Principal’s Page PE

Wednesday Maths IT

Thursday RE Geography

Friday Science

Week 5Week starting 1st October


Monday English Art

Tuesday Music Drama

Wednesday Maths DT


Friday Science

Week 6Week starting 8th October


Monday English Art

Tuesday Music Drama

Wednesday Maths DT


Friday Science

Week 7Week starting 15th October



Tuesday Principal’s Page PE

Wednesday Maths IT

Thursday RE Geography

Friday Science

Week 8

Week starting 22nd October


Monday English Art

Tuesday Music Drama

Wednesday Maths DT


Friday Science

Example:Week starting


Monday English p Art p SignatureTuesday Music p Drama p SignatureWednesday Maths p DT p SignatureThursday Principal’s Page p MFL p SignatureFriday Science p Signature


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You are expected to study the subject(s) shown on your timetable each day.Each day use a page of your exercise booklet to evidence your work.

Week 9Week starting5th November


Monday English ArtTuesday Music DramaWednesday Maths DTThursday Principal’s Page MFLFriday Science

Week 10Week starting 12th November


Monday English HistoryTuesday RE PEWednesday Maths ITThursday Principal’s Page GeographyFriday Science

Week 11Week starting 19th November

Subject 1 Subject 2

Signed Off

Monday English Art

Tuesday Music Drama

Wednesday Maths DT


Friday ScienceWeek 12Week starting 26th November



Tuesday RE PE

Wednesday Maths IT

Thursday Principal’s Page Geography

Friday Science

Week 13Week starting 3rd December


Monday English Art

Tuesday Music Drama

Wednesday Maths DT


Friday Science

Week 14Week starting 10th December



Tuesday RE PE

Wednesday Maths IT

Thursday Principal’s Page Geography

Friday Science

Week 15Week starting 17th December


Monday English Art

Tuesday Music Drama

Wednesday Maths DT


Friday Science

Example:Week starting


Monday English p Art p SignatureTuesday Music p Drama p SignatureWednesday Maths p DT p SignatureThursday Principal’s Page p MFL p SignatureFriday Science p Signature


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Use this reading log to record the books you read and how long you have spent reading.

Reading Log “The more that you read, the more things you will know. The more that you learn, the more places you’ll go.”

Week MON TUE WED THURS FRI SAT SUN Book(s) read (title and author) Time spent reading

Parent comment/signature

3/9/18

10/9/18

17/9/18

24/9/18

1/10/18

8/10/18

15/10/18

22/10/18

Half Term

5/11/18

12/11/18

19/11/18

26/11/18

3/12/18

10/12/18

17/12/18


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A. Dates King House1154 - 1189 Henry II Plantagenet1189 - 1199 Richard I (Richard the

Lionheart)Plantagenet

1199 - 1216 John Plantagenet1216 - 1217 Louis (title disputed) Plantagenet1216 - 1272 Henry III Plantagenet1272 - 1307 Edward I Plantagenet1307 - 1327 Edward II Plantagenet1327 - 1377 Edward III Plantagenet1377 - 1399 Richard II Plantagenet1399 - 1413 Henry IV Lancaster1413 - 1422 Henry V Lancaster1422 - 1461 Henry VI (first reign) Lancaster1455 - 1485 The Wars of the Roses saw the throne pass

back and forth between the rival houses of Lancaster and York.

1461 - 1470 Edward IV (first reign) York1470 - 1471 Henry VI (second reign) Lancaster1471 - 1483 Edward IV (second reign) York1483 - 1483 Edwards V York1483 - 1485 Richard III York

B. PUNCTUATIONFull Stop ( . ) or period indicates the end of a complete sentence and is also used after abbrevia ons (e.g. for example i.e. in other words etc. and so forth).I am loath to paint. Flinty McQwerty is such a cad. He arrived at 4 p.m. for lunch.

Colon ( : ) is used to introduce a list, explain a previous clause or introduce a quota tion.You will require the following tools: a spoke shave, a bradawl and a plumb bob.

Semicolon ( ; ) is used to join independent parts (clauses) of a sentence. It can alsointroduce a list of items. Use a comma to separate short clauses. Dogs run, cats stroll.Valerie did not speak; she just glared at Brendan. I love cricket; my sister hates it.

Comma ( , ) is used to separate or enclose parts of a sentence. It can also be used to write a list of items. Note the non-defining clauses enclosed with commas in the sentence below.My sister, who loves donkeys, got married today. Flinty was born, so he claims, at sea.Ryan’s house is painted red, white, and blue. My Mum loves snook, snuff and snugs.

Ques on mark ( ? ) is used for all direct questi ons.How much did you pay for that donkey? How can you tell a dog’s age, Mummy?There is no ques on mark in reported or indirect ques ons.I wonder how much Sean paid for that donkey. I often think what might have been.

Exclama tion mark ( ! ) can be used to express a strong emo tion or a sharp comment.Fire! Stop! Wait! Help! You idiot! Yes! No! Look out! Yikes! Here we go! Jump! Get out!

Quota on marks ( “ ”) or inverted commas indicate words spoken in the text.“It’s not serious,” she said, “but he’ll never walk again.” I sighed, “Do you mind?”“We all make mistakes,” father said, “but you seem to specialise in them!”“There’s a place called ‘Stop’,” the judge told Flinty, “and you’re going there for two years.”

Apostrophe ( ’ ) is used to show possession or ownership of nouns and contracted words. Jamilah’s birthday. Thomas’s bicycle. The doctor’s surgery. The doctors’ surgeries. [plural]The apostrophe can also indicate an omttied leer in a word, when that word is contracted. I don’t know him. It’s [it is] very hot today. Sorry to hear you’re leaving. Here’s Johnny!

Parentheses ( ) can be used to mark out a comment or explana on from the rest of the text. I tried to daydream (as you do), but my mind kept wandering.My sister’s autobiography (listed as fic tion), is a bestseller in the bookshops!

C. Largest Religions of the WorldReligion Numbers of

followers in millionsFounded

Christianity 2,420 Middle EastIslam 1,800 Middle EastHinduism 1,150 Indian subcontinentBuddhism 520 Indian subcontinent

Principal’s Page


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English Causes to fight forA. Rhetorical Devices C. Rhetorical structures

Superlativea word or phrase acts as an adjective or adverb which notes the highest degree of the comparison e.g. smallest, best, and most carefully, (typically ending with -st)

Aristotle’s rhetorical triangle - Aristotle articulated his belief that all the best arguments should have three elements of rhetoric: Logos (logic), Ethos (morality/character) and Pathos (emotion/feeling) See also: https://prezi.com/7snss9sqhkoi/aristotles-rhetorical-triangle/

Hyperbole a device used by a writer to show extreme over-exaggeration

Imperative a command - linked to the verb choice of the writer

Personal pronouns

words such as I, we, us, they, our, which can be used to create a bond between a writer/speaker and reader/audience

Direct Address the use of the pronoun ‘you’ by a writer to directly engage the reader/audience

Anecdote a personal story/account of an incident which is interesting or amusing

Fact a piece of information that cannot be refuted/is true

(Expert) Opinion a personal view or belief, which cannot be proven to be true D. Grammar terminology

Rhetorical Question

a question asked solely to produce an effect or to make an assertion and not to elicit a reply

Active voice

when the syntax of the sentence includes subject then object (directly contrasting with passive voice) implying

that the subject has carried out the action.

e.g. The school arranged a visit (subject) (object)Emotive Language

vocabulary used by a writer which is designed to cause an emotional response from the reader

Statistics numerical facts or data which can be used to evidence a point

Passive voice

when the syntax of the sentence includes object then subject (the reverse of active voice) implying that the

subject has less involvement/control.

e.g. A visit was arranged by the school (object) (subject)

Triple/Rule of 3/tripartite sentence

a phrase or sentence which has three parts to emphasise a point or provide breadth e.g. the room was dark, filthy and smelly

B. Recap Section

Modal verbs

Modal verbs are used to change the meaning of other verbs. They can express meanings such as certainty, ability, or obligation. The main modal verbs are: will, would, can,

could, may, might, shall, should, must and ought.

Repetition Discourse markers

Imagery (simile, metaphor,

personification)

Shift/change

Juxtaposition Foreshadowing ToneE. Vocabulary

passionate vitriolic diatribe astute discerning bombastic histrionic poignant

dynamic scathing antithetical contemplative articulate eloquent concise ardent


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English Dracula (drama)A. Form features: play C. Features of the gothic genre

Prologue a separate introductory section of a dramatic, literary or musical work Setting - fear-inducing, isolated landscapes

Dark, gloomy atmosphere - human characters are destined to fail

High tension and suspense - created through setting, plot and atmosphere

Supernatural forces - bringing pain and suffering to humans

Extreme detail - to immerse readers in the world, created through extended sentences of intense description

Romantic elements - extreme emotion (fear, loneliness) nature (as a powerful, evil force) and individuality (outcast, isolated characters)

Act the main division of a play, often to reflect a significant change in time or place

Scene subdivision of an act in which the setting is fixed and the time continuous

Stage directionsan instruction in the text of a play indicating the movement, position or tone of an actor, or details of the set, sound effects or lighting

Entrances and exits instructions regarding characters entering and leaving the stage

Lines words representing the speech to be delivered by the characters

Dialogue a conversation between two or more people as a feature of a book, play, or film

Monologue a (usually long) dramatic speech by a single actor D. Grammar focus: varying sentences for effect

Soliloquy a (usually long) dramatic speech intended to give the illusion of unspoken reflections/ a character’s thoughts Short simple

sentences

Single clause sentences with stop punctuation to separate ideas. Can be used to suggest a sense of tension as pace is stilted and can convey disjointed

thoughts. Often used in dialogue. Aside a line spoken by an actor to the audience but not intended for others on the stage

Fourth wallthe imaginary “wall” at the front of the stage in a three-walled set, through which the audience sees the action in the world of the play Compound sentences with

contrasting conjunction

Use of contrasting conjunctions (e.g. but/or/yet) to extend sentences to convey a sense of disordered,

unclear thoughts. Dramatic irony the irony that arises when the audience has a fuller knowledge of

what is happening in a drama than a character does

B. Recap section

Embedded clause Use of parenthesis (commas, hyphens or brackets) to add additional detail to sentences that conveys

disrupted, chaotic thoughts. Pathetic fallacy Hyperbole Inciting moment Sensory language

Emotive language Foreshadowing Ellipsis AdverbE. Vocabulary

macabre ostracised dirge menacing aghast gaunt morose virulent

grotesque ominous dilapidated futility pallid temerity emaciated pessimistic


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MathematicsA. Fractions, Decimals

and Percentages

E. Compound Interest

B. Key Words and DefinitionsIncrease Become or make greater in sizeDecrease Make or become smaller or fewer in sizeMultiplier A quantity by which a given number (a multiplicand) is to be

multipliedDiscount A deduction from the usual cost of somethingDepreciation A reduction in the value of an asset over time, due in particular to

wear and tearinterest Money paid regularly at a particular rate for the use of money lent,

or for delaying the repayment of a debtReduction The action or fact of making something smaller or less in amount,

degree or sizeRatio The relationship between groups or amounts that expresses how

much bigger or smaller one is than the other Accrue To increase in number or amount over a period of timeEquivalent Having the same value

To calculate percentages using a

multiplier, multiply your original amount by the

equivalent decimal

To find 60%, multiply by 0.6



C. Calculating % using multipliers

D. Bar Modelling


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MathematicsA. Prime numbers below

2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23, 29

Why is 2 the only even prime number?

B. Rules of indices

C. Expanding single brackets

D. Solving equations

E. Prime factor decompositionAny number can be broken down into ‘prime factors’.This is done by splitting the number into factors until the number at the end of every ‘branch’ is

a prime factor that cannot be split further.

36 written as a product of prime factors is:

2 x 2 x 3 x 3

How could you write this using indices?

am x an = am+n

32 x 34 = 36

am / an = am-n

410 / 47 = 43

(am)n = am x n

(53)4 = 512

When solving equations, we complete the same mathematical operation for both sides.

Multiply every term inside the brackets by the term outside the brackets.You can use a grid, like that used in grid multiplication, to help you.


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Science Electricity and Magnetism

Key word Definition

Static electricity Electric charge caused by friction that can cause sparks

Current The flow of charge in a circuit

Potential difference

The difference in electrical energy between difference points on the circuit (voltage)

Electron Carries a negative charge

Series circuit A circuit where all the parts are in one loop

Parallel circuit A circuit where the parts are in two or more loops

Electrical power The rate at which energy is transferred in a circuit

Magnetic field A region around a magnet where the force of magnetism is

Electromagnet A metal made into a magnet by electricity which you can turn on or off

Resistance How difficult it is for electric current to pass through a circuit

Transformer Can increase or decrease the potential difference of a circuit

Component Part of a circuit, e.g. light bulb, motor, buzzerEquations

Charge flow (C) = Current (A) x Time (s)

Potential difference(V) = Current(A) x Resistance (Ω)

Energy transferred (J) = Charge (C) x Potential difference (V)

Power (W) = Potential difference (V) x Current (A)

Energy transferred (J) = Power (W) x Time (s)

A parallel circuit

Components are in more than one loop. The current

splits according to how many components of a circuit there

are, but the potential difference is the same between each component and the cell.

A series circuit

Components are in one loop.The current is the same in each component, but the potential difference splits between each component.

Magnetic fields

The magnetic field goes from the North pole to the South pole.The magnetic field is strongest at the poles, as this is where the field is most concentrated


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Science InheritanceA. Menstrual cycle

• This is a cycle that occurs in women each month. • The cycle length is different in every female, some are longer, some are shorter. • Day 1 is when bleeding from the vagina begins. The lining of the uterus breaks

down and leaves the body. This is known as a period or menstruation. • Around day 5, bleeding stops. The uterus lining starts to grow and an egg begins to

mature in an ovary. • Around day 14, ovulation occurs. This is when an egg cell is released from the

ovary. It travels through the oviduct and heads to the uterus. • If a sperm cell doesn’t fertilise an egg cell in the oviduct, the uterus lining breaks

down and the cycle starts all over again.

B. DNA• Every living thing is made

up of cells. • Within these cells is a

nucleus. • The nucleus contains

chromosomes. • Chromosomes are

structures made from DNA.

• DNA is a molecule which contains the code for making us who we are.

• DNA can be split into smaller sections called genes.

• Each gene is a code for making a particular protein, which in turn makes a particular characteristic in our body.

D. MutationsA mutation is a change in DNA. These can cause changes within the organisms, which can be dangerous, e.g. cancer, or helpful to the organism, e.g. antibiotic resistance in bacteria, or have no real effect, e.g. tongue rolling.

Menstrual cycle graph

E. DNA bases diagram

C. DNA basesDNA is made up of a sugar-phosphate backbone and some molecules called bases. There are 4 different types of bases in all living things. The order of the bases is what makes us different from each other, and from other organisms.


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Religious StudiesA: Key word Definition

Fact Something that actually exists or can be proven to be true 100%

Belief Accepting that something is true that isn’t usually based on evidence

Atheist Does NOT believe in any God

Agnostic Isn’t sure if any God(s) exists Theist DOES believe in God(s)

Religious experience

A religious/ spiritual experience that brings a person closer to God

Conversion Someone has an experience which makes them change religion

Miracle An event that breaks the laws of science Prayer Talking to God

Numinous A feeling that there is something greater than them, which they believe to be God

Teleological argument

This is the argument of design; through the design of the world people can prove God exists

Cosmological argument

This is the argument of cause; everything has a cause, so the world existing can prove God exists

Freewill The ability to choose, think, and act voluntarily

Natural evil Suffering caused by mother nature e.g. earthquake

Moral Evil Suffering caused by humans

B: Does the world prove God exists?Yes No

Teleological argument Cosmological argument

Big Bang Evolution

If you were walking on a field and saw a watch on the ground you would assume that its parts had not come together by chance because it is too ordered and complicated. Therefore someone must have designed it or it would not work. Because the universe is also ordered and complicated, someone must have designed that too. That someone is God.

Everything has to come from something. You cannot make something out of nothing. Therefore there must have been a ‘First Cause’ that created the ‘something’ (the universe). That First Cause is God.

The theory states that about 13.7 billion years ago all the matter in the Universe was concentrated into a single incredibly tiny point. This began to enlarge rapidly in a hot explosion, and it is still expanding today.

The basic idea behind the theory of evolution is that all the different species have evolved from simple life forms. These simple life forms first developed more than 3 billion years ago.

C: The problem of evilWhy do people suffer if God is all-loving and all-powerful? Answer: It is important to learn from our mistakes and the existence of evil and suffering is God’s way of allowing this to happen.

Answer: Suffering is a test from God to test faith.

Answer: God does not cause suffering humans do by misusing their free will.

Answer: Evil and suffering is all part of God’s plan of which we will never understand.Don’t question God. Accept his will.

Why do people suffer if God is all-loving and all-powerful?Answer: it is important to learn from our mis-takes and the ex-istence of evil and suffering is God’s way of allowing this to happen.

Answer: Suffering is a test from God to test faith.

Answer: God does not cause suffering humans do by misusing their free will.

Answer:Evil and suffering is all part of God’s plan of which we will never understand.Don’t question God. Accept his will.

Philosophy: Ultimate Questions


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History Industrial Revolution and Slavery in the British EmpireSection 1: Key VocabularyTier 3 vocabulary DefinitionCapitalism An economic system where individuals are able

to privately own their goods and make money. Cholera An infectious disease caused by bacteria in the

intestine which causing vomiting and diarrhoea. Spinning Jenny An early machine of the Industrial Revolution. It

would spin cotton on more than one spindle. Power Loom Designed in 1784, this machine was able to

weave fabric using mechanical or electrical power.

Empire A group of countries ruled by one monarch.

Monarch A king or queen of a country.

Colony A country under the control of another country.

Triangle Trade Trade between three different countries or regions.

Slave A person who is the legal property of someone else.

Middle Passage

A journey taken by ship from Western Africa to the Caribbean.

Planation An estate (area of land) where crops such as coffee, cotton, tobacco and sugar are grown.

Trade The action of buying and selling goods.

Abolition The practice of banning something e.g. slavery.

Economic factors

To do with money, jobs and business.

Social factors To do with society and people.

Political factors To do with government and law.

Tier 2 vocabulary

Definition

Revolution A quick change in conditions in a country. Industry The process of making products by using

machines and factories. Act A written law passed by Parliament.Public Health The health of the population. Controlled by the

government.

Section 3: Facts/Context/Historical relevance/dates

1750 Considered to be the starting point of the Industrial Revolution.

1765 Hargreaves invents the Spinning Jenny for spinning thread.

1787 The first shipment of transported prisoners to Australia in the British Empire.

1787 The society for the abolition of the Slave Trade was founded in Great Britain.

1787 Cartwright invents the power loom.

1789 Olaudah Equiano published his autobiography.

1801 The first census is taken.

1807 First Abolition of the Slave Trade Act. This banned the trading of slaves across the Atlantic. The Act was ineffective.

1832 Cholera outbreaks occur in British cities.

1833 This Act gave all slaves in the British Empire their freedom. The British government paid compensation to British slave owners.

1833 The Factory Act prevents the use of children at work until they are 9 years old.

1849 10,000 people died in 3 months in London from a cholera epidemic.

1871 The ‘Scramble for Africa’ begins as European countries aim to take over African countries for their empires.

1875 The Public Health Act gives government the responsibility to ensure public health is adequate for housing and sewage.

1901 The Education Act makes school compulsory for all children up to 10 years old.

Section 2: Important ideas Industrial Revolution Questions:

Answers:

1. What was London’s population by 1900?

4.5 million people.

2. How many peo-ple might live in one house at a time?

40 people.

3. What percentage of the population lived in towns and cities by 1900?

70% lived in towns and cities.

4. What is back-to-back housing?

A housing system built in a court grid system, where rows of houses were literally built back-to-back.

5. What is a privy? A toilet located in a small shed outside a house or other building.

6. What is a cesspit? An underground contain-er for the storage of liquid waste and sewage.

Slavery in the British Empire Questions:

Answers

7. Where were slaves forced to work?

Plantations.

8. Why did slave owners make lots of money?

They did not have to pay slaves a wage.

9. Who was William Wilberforce?

Wilberforce was the Member of Parliament (MP) for Yorkshire and leader of the abolition of the slave trade.

10. Who was Olaudah Equiano?

Equiano was a freed slave who lived in London. His autobiography, published in 1789, helped in the creation of the Slave Trade Act in 1807.


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Geography Development

Key:Very high Medium

High Low

A. World map showing levels of human development

No data available

The Human Development Index (HDI) is a score out of 1. The higher the number the better the level of development. It includes many different indicators.

B. Development Indicators Definition UK Malawi

Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capital

The total value of goods and services a country produces in a year, divided by the number of people. It is measured as US$ per person.

$43,734 $381

Life expectency The number of years a person can expect to live on average. Measured in years. 81 years 63 years

Access to safe water The percentage (%) of people with access to clean water for drinking and washing. 100% 61%

Adult literacy rate The percentage (%) of the population aged 15 or over who can read and write. 99% 61%

Infant mortality rate The number of babies who die before their first birthday, per 1000 babies born. 4.3 per 1,000 44.8 per

1,000

Number of doctors per 1,000 people

The number of working doctors per 1,000 people. 2.8 per 1,000 <1 per 1,000

C. Examples of countries split by income.

LICLow income

country

NEENewly

Emerging Economy

HICHigh income

country

MalawiLaos

AfghanistanCambodia

BrazilRussiaIndiaChina

Mexico

UKUSA

FinlandNew Zealand

Japan

Increasing development levels

D. Factors influencing development

Physical Economic Historical

Poor climateWhen the weather is very hot or very cold it can reduce the amount of food which can be grown.

Natural hazardsHazards, such as volcanoes or hurricanes, cause damage which must be repaired.

Levels of debtSome countries owe large amounts of money which needs to be paid back.

Poor trade linksSome countries do not have strong links to trade goods or services with other countries.

ColonisationSome countries were ruled by others in the past.

ConflictSome countries have had war, particularly civil war which can displace people and cause huge levels of damage.


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Media et ParisFrenchThe Perfect Tense

Use the Perfect Tense to talk about the past.Infinitives end in -er/ -ir/ -re. These verbs follow a pattern. In the perfect tense they are called the Past Participle.

for -er verbs, you take off the -er ending and add -é. jouer = joué

for -ir verbs, you take off the -r. finir = fini

for -re verbs, you take off the -re and add -u vendre = vendu

Les films Films À Paris In Paris Les opinions Opinionsje suis fan de … I’m a fan of … J’ai gagné un concours I won a competition à mon avis, c’est … in my opinion, it’s …je ne suis pas fan de … I’m not a fan of … J’ai passé une semaine... I spent a week... je pense que c’est … I think it’s …j’ai une passion pour les … I have a passion

for …J’ai visité la tour Eiffel I visited the Eiffel

towerje trouve ça … I find it …

j’ai horreur des … I really dislike … J’ai mangé au restaurant I ate at a restaurantje déteste … I hate … J’ai regardé les feux

d’artificeI watched the fire-works

Un Voyage A journeyles comédies comedies J’ai acheté des souvenirs I bought souvenirs Je suis allé... I wentles films d’action action films J’ai bien dormi I slept well je suis parti(e)/arrivé à I left/ arrivedles films d’amour romantic films J’ai attendu le bus I waited for the bus je suis resté(e) I stayedles films d’arts martiaux martial-arts films Je n’ai pas visité... I didn’t visit... Je suis rentré(e) I returnedles films d’aventure adventure films On a fait un tour We did a tour je suis monté(e) I went uples films fantastiques fantasy films On a bu un coca We drank a cola Le train est parti à... The train left at...

les films d’horreur horror filmsOn a fait une balade en bateau-mouche

We went on a boat trip

L’avion est parti à... The plane left at...

les films de science-fiction science-fiction films On a fait les magasins We went shopping Le bateau est arrivé à... The boat arrived at...

mon acteur préféré, c’est … my favourite actor is … passionnant excitingmon film préféré, c’est … my favourite film is … stupide stupid

Avoir et ÊtreThese verbs are vital for Perfect Tense. You have to use them! They go before the Past Participle.

Avoir Past Participle Être Past Participle J’ai joué Je suis alléTu as fini Tu es partiIl/Elle a vendu Il/Elle est descendu

eg. J’ai joué au golf - I played golf. eg. Je suis allé au parc - I went to the park.


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ArtArt Key Words

Proportion The size relationship between different elements. E.g. height compared to width

Control How carefully you work with a specific media

Symmetry When one side of an object mirrors the other 3D Having, or appearing to have, length, depth and widthPattern An arrangement of repeated or matching symbols or

linesAccuracy The extent to which one piece of work looks like another

Composition Where you place objects on the page Blending A seamless transition between two colours or tones

Tone The lightness or darkness of something Negative Space The empty or unfilled areas of a piece of artworkRange The amount of variation between light and dark tone Balance The distribution of visual weightsPortrait A painting, drawing, or photograph of a particular

personSelf-Portrait A portrait that an artist produces of themselves

Portrait guidelinesEyes = 1/2 down Nose = 1/4 down Lips = 1/8 down

The History of the PortraitEarliest portraits can be traced back to Ancient Egypt in the 14th Century BC. Pharoahs and rulers often had their portraits commissioned for their burial. These portraits were not meant to represent how they looked specifically, but were meant to show an ideal version of them.

In Ancient Greece and Rome, portraits for burial were more commonplace, and often showed everyday people instead of just kings. They would also be far more realistic, showing flaws and imperfections. However in the 4th century, the style once again turned to idealisation, and portraits began to be perfect impressions rather than a true snapshot of the subject.

In the Middle Ages, this changed once again, and people began to demand realism in their portraits, whether they were for tomb doors, manuscripts, or wood panels. This continued throughout the Renaissance, in the 15th and 16th Century. During this time, portraits were often used to show status or wealth.

Only the rich could afford portraits made for them.

With the beginning of cubism however, realism was no longer necessary. Concepts like emotion and mood replaced this, and so portraits could capture the essence of a person rather than an outward appearance.

With the invention of cameras, portrait photography, and in particular self portraits became much more commonplace. Middle-class people could now access portraiture in a way never previously considered. Self portraits with cameras became commonplace; a trend which has returned recently with selfies. Portraits are defined as being a composed impression of a subject, whereas photography captures snapshots of a person. Selfies, therefore, can be argued to be self-portraits.

Portraits


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Drama Narrative,Genre & Tension

Genre Definition Conventions -Key FeaturesScience Fiction

Stories that make imaginative use of scientific knowledge. Often show HUMANITY at its best and worst, e.g. corrupt governments using technology to trick the people; space battles to free enslaved people from terrible dictators.

•These stories are often set in the future. •They use the science and discoveries that we have made to imagine other things that may or may not be possible. •Futuristic technology is often featured.•They might be set in space or on a ‘Future Earth’.

Gothic Horror

Gothic horror is a genre or mode of literature and film that combines fiction and horror, death, and at times romance. The effect of Gothic fiction feeds on a pleasing sort of terror.

Examples are: Dracula, Frankenstein, Jekyll and Hyde, The Woman in Black

•Gothic plots often surround a family mystery, curse, ancient prophecies or revenge. Concepts of “inherited” curses or terrible family mysteries are common•Often, the protagonist must overcome the ancestral curse to restore the world to order.•Sometimes depicts a fallen society -- one that has succumbed to some kind of evil or temptation -- that must brought back to the light.

KeywordsDramatic Tension

Keeping an audience wondering; not knowing something they want to know

Suspense A synonym for Dramatic TensionMime Movement/copying physical actionSlow-motion The slowing down of real-life speed to highlight a key

momentAtmosphere The mood or feeling of a narrativeCliff-hanger Halting the action at the peak of tensionExposition Establishing information and details about characters,

background and plotRising Action Events, actions and problems created for the charactersClimax (Peak of Tension)

The highest point of suspense, where danger, uncertainty etc is at its greatest

Falling Action After the Peak, the immediate events that affect the characters

Denouement The longer term impact/consequences on the remaining characters suggested or shown

Pace The speed at which the story is delivered, or with which something happens or changes

Tone A quality in the voice which expresses the speaker’s feel-ings or thoughts

Volume The level of sound producedPause/silence A short period in which something such as a sound or an

activity is stopped before starting againResonance / Clarity of voice

The quality of being loud and clear

Distinction between characters

The use of different voices for different characters

Pitch The relative highness or lowness of a tone as perceived by the ear

EXPOSITION/SET-UP

RISING ACTIO

N

CLIMAX (PEAK OF TENSION)

FALLING ACTIO

N

DENOUEMENT

Plot Diagram


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MUSICBASS SOUND A sound produced by striking an African drum in the middle

producing a “hollow” soundCALL AND RESPONSE

One person plays (or sings) a musical phrase which is then responded to be a group performing a different phrase, like a musical conversation

CYCLIC RHYTHM A rhythm which is repeated over and over again (looped) IMPROVISATION A piece or section of music which has not been previously

preparedMASTER DRUMMER

Often the leader of an African tribe and someone who performs the “calls” during call and response sections

POLYRHYTHM The use of several rhythms performed simultaneously, often overlapping to create a thick, “polyrhythmic” texture

RHYTHM A series of notes of different lengths that create a pattern. Usually fits with a regular beat or pulse

SYNCOPATION A way of changing a rhythm by making some notes sound a bit early, often so that they cross over the main beat of the music, emphasising the week or “off beats”

TONE SOUND A sound produced by striking an African drum between the middle and the edge producing a “shallower” sound than the bass sound

DRONE A continually repeating bass line, normally a fifth apart, almost like the bagpipes

ENHARMONIC Tones that are identical in pitch but are written differently according to the key in which they occur, as C sharp and D flat, for example

FLAT The musical name for a black note lowered one semitone lower than its natural.+_

PENTATONIC “Penta” means five. A pentatonic scale has five notesSCALE A scale is a series of notes. The word scale originally meant

“ladder.” There are seven notes in a major or minor scaleSHARP The musical name for a black note raised one semitone

higher than its naturalSTRUCTURE The order in which sounds occur in a piece of music, also

how the whole piece of music is put together and divided into different sections

World Music & The BluesThe Blues

12 Bar Blues A 12 bar structure over which the Blues is writtenWalking bass line

Bass accompaniment which creates a feeling of regular movement, like walking

Chord 2 or more notes played togetherImprovisation creating or performing spontaneously or ‘on the

spot’, without preparationChord sequence

A series of chords, one after the other. Sometimes known as a chord progression

Chord of C A chord using C,E and G with C at the bassChord of F A chord using F,A and C with F at the bassChord of G Chord using G,B and D with G at the bass

12 bar Blues in C majorThere are 4 beats per box of the grid

Common Fetaure of The Blues-12 bar structure to the verse- Melodic lines using flattened notes ( usually 3rd, 5th and 7th)- A growling timbre used in the singing - sometimes imitated in the saxophone or trumpet too- Lyrics expressing hardships of life for the African/American

C C C C

F F C C

G F C C

C

C

E G

G

AF

B D

C

F

G


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Computer ScienceA. VocabularyAlgorithm A structured sequences of steps used to solve a

problemScratch Programming language based on graphical code

blocksBlocks Programming commands that you snap together to

create a program in ScratchProjects A completed program in ScratchStage Where your project is displayed when activeScripts The instructions that determines what happens on the

stageSprite The objects on the scratch stage that performs actionsBackdrop Background displayed on your scratch stageRepeat Blocks Blocks that allow you to repeat scripts multiple timesCostumes Alternate appearances of your spriteInput Information supplied to a computer or programOutput Information provided by a computer or programSequence The specific order in which instructions are performed

in an algorithmSelection A decision or question which allows us to include more

than one path through an algorithmIteration Repeating steps, or instructions, over and over again.

This is often called a ‘loop’Efficiency The ability to get code todo what it needs to in the

least amount of stepsDecomposition Is the process of splitting a big and difficult problem

into smaller simpler pieces which are easier to solveDebug To identify and remove errors from computer code or

softwareVariable A location in memory that is used to store

C. Block MeaningThis will start our game running. When the green flag is clicked all connected blocks will be run in order

This creates a loop. Code inside is run over and over until the game is quit

This is an if block. It checks whether something is true and if so, the code inside it is runThis block allows us to animate our character to walk.

This block goes inside an if block and allows us to check whether a key has been pressedThis block allows us to move our character right or left (on the x axis)

B. Scratch colour categories


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Physical EducationKeywords & Definitions: DIETBalanced Diet Having the correct energy output to balance

your energy input.

Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR)

Is the number of calories required to keep your body functioning at rest. BMR is also known as your body’s metabolism; therefore, any increase to your metabolic weight, such as exercise, will increase your BMR.

Glycemic index The glycemic index is a number associated with a particular type of food that indicates the food’s effect on a person’s blood glucose level.

Obesity The state of being grossly overweight

Calorie A unit which measures heat or energy production in the body, normally expressed as Kcal.

DIETGLOSSARYCarbohydrates A substance (as a starch or sugar) that is

rich in energy and is made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen

Fibre Plant material that cannot be digested but that helps you to digest other food

Fats The foods we eat contain nutrients that provide energy and other substances the body needs. Most of the nutrients in food fall into three major groups: proteins, fats, and carbohydrates. The body uses fat as a fuel source, and fat is the major storage form of energy in the body

Minerals An inorganic element, such as calcium, iron, potassium, sodium, or zinc, that is essential to the nutrition of humans, animals, and plants

Vitamins Means ‘vital for life’. Vitamins and minerals are compounds necessary for the healthy functioning of our bodies. We need vitamins and minerals to help us grow, to see properly, to make bones, muscles, skin and organs, as well as to help us battle infections

Calcium Is a mineral that is found in foods, specifically dairy, and stored in bones and teeth in our body. It is essential for growth as it maintains strong bones and teeth while also assisting in muscle contractions, nerve stimulations and regulating blood pressure


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DT: Food Technology


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DT: GraphicsKeywordsDimension Measurement

Mm Millimetres

Cm Centimetres (10mm = 1cm)

M Metre (100cm = 1m)

CAD ComputerAidedDesign

CAM ComputerAided Manufacture

Primary colours Red, blue, yellow

Secondary colours

Orange, purple, green

Blend Mixing two or more colours together

Shading Adding colour to make drawings look 3DDimension Shading

The 6 R’sReduce Is it possible to reduce the

amount of materials used? This will help to protect valuable resources.

Rethink Is there a better way to solve this problem that is less damaging to the environment?

Refuse This means not accepting things that are not the best option for the environment. For example, is the packaging really needed?

Recycle Could recycled materials be used, or is the product made from materials that are easy to recycle?

Reuse Could the product have another use? Could its parts be used in other products? Is this information clearly communicated on the product? This will extend its life.

Repair Is the product easy to repair? This will extend its life.

year 8 knowledge organiser - bluecoatwollaton.co.uk · year 8 autumn term knowledge organiser 2018...

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