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YILDIZ TECHNICAL UNIVERSITYSCHOOL OF FOREIGN LANGUAGES

2015-2016 SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL (New Language Leader Pre-Intermediate)

B-C LEVEL TEACHERS’ COPY

UNIT 4 – HealthGRAMMARA. Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs.1. Last year, we __ran_______ (run) ten health centres in Africa, but this year, we _have received___ (receive) very little money and we can’t continue to offer health care across the continent.2. I __have never done____ _(never/do) such important work before.3. I usually do about two operations a day and, so far, I _have saved_ (save) about a hundred lives.4. Working here is the best thing I __have ever done____ (ever/do).5. I often work for IMA and I __have worked__ (work) in Kenya, Nepal and Peru.6. Last year, an earhquake _hit_____ (hit) this area, and this __caused___ (cause) a massive amount of damage.I _have never seen_____ (never/see) so much destruction before.

B. Complete the dialogues. Use the present perfect or past simple and the verbs in brackets.1. A: Have you ever played_ (you / ever / play) in a band? B: Yes, I have______. I _played________ (play) in a band when I was at school. A: Cool. Did you enjoy_______ (you / enjoy) it? B: Yes, I _did________. We ___won______ (win) a lot of competitions. A: And _Have you ever been_______ (you / ever / be) to a music festival? B: Yes, I _have_______. I __went_____ (go) to Glastonbury in the UK in 2013. It _was__ (be) fantastic.

C. Use the prompts to complete the conversation.Use the Present Perfect or the Past Simple.

8:00 p.m. Jake and Lucy are having dinner at a Chinese restaurant.Jake: you / eat / here / before? Have you ever eaten here before?Lucy: Yes, I have.Jake: when / you / come / here? _When did you come here___?Lucy: My parents brought me here for my birthday last year.Jake: what / you / eat? _What did you eat_________?Lucy: I think I had fish with rice and vegetables.It was very nice.Jake: I / not eat / Chinese food before. I have never eaten Chinese food before____. I think I’ll have the chef’s suggestion.Lucy: That’s a good idea.I’ll have the same.

D. Fill in the gaps with have / has been (to) or have / has gone (to). A: Hi Phil. Your house is really quiet. Where is everyone?

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B-C LEVEL TEACHERS’ COPY B: Well, Mum and Dad 1._have gone to my uncle’s house and Amy 2. _has gone to the parade. A: Oh, I 3. have been to the parade lots of times. It’s fun. Where’s Mark? B: He 4. _has gone to_ the Marina Food Festival on the seafront. A: Oh, yes, My sister 5. _has been to there several times and she liked it. Do you want to go there and get some lunch? B: Sounds good.Let’s go.

E. Complete the gaps in the sentences with a / an / the or leave them blank if you don’t need an article.1. We have bad eating habits because it is faster to eat __a___ sandwich than to eat __a__ big salad.2. Eating habits are really important for our _______ health.3. In these days, there are all kinds of ________ food with a lot of fat in the supermarkets. 4. In Spain, __the___ last meal of the day is a small supper which is served as late as 9:00 pm.5. She's working at __a___ hospital to pay for her education.6. He had a terrible stomachache so we took him to __a___ doctor yesterday and ___the__ doctor sent him for an xray.7. _The_ children who have healthy diets have high concentration levels.

F. Circle the correct articles to complete the sentences.Circle (-) if you don’t need an article.1. Is there a / the good bookstore around here?2. I want to buy a / the book for my niece.3. This story is famous all over the /- world.4. I think the / - cars are safer than the / - motorbikes.5. He lives just outside a / the small town in - / the south of Italy.6. We saw a / the play last night. A / The play was really good.

G. Give advice to these people.Use should / shouldn’t / ought to / try + Ving.1. Mary’ got a bad cold.I think she should rest at home.2. My tooth hurts. _____________________________.3. I’m so fat! My trousers don’t fit me any more! _____________________________.4. I’ve got a terrible cough. _____________________________.5. Jeff feels stressed. _____________________________.6. My mother has a bad headache. _____________________________.7. I’m always very tired. _____________________________.

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B-C LEVEL TEACHERS’ COPY“ because of”: You can use “because of” before a noun phrase when you are giving the reason for something.e.g : I arrived late because the traffic was very bad. I arrived late because of bad traffic.

H. Complete these sentences with the words in the box. because because of so that to in order1. She should change her job ___________ she is unhappy at work.2. _____________ to save money, you shouldn’t eat in restaurants.3. You should join a sports club _________ meet more people.4. You should buy a suit _________ you look smart at the interview.5. ____________ it is raining, you should cancel the day trip.6. They shoud cancel the game ____________ the snow.

VOCABULARYA.Fill in the blanks with the words in the box in the aproppriate forms. One Word is extra.

treatment injury optician surgery depressionvaccination illness hospital healthcare1. Anne should visit her psychiatrist because she has been suffering from

_depression___ for some time.2. Healthcare ___ is the service that is responsible for looking after the health of all

the people in a country or an area.3. I went to the __hospital____ to visit my uncle who had an open heart surgery last

week.4. Everyone should visit an __optician____ for a routine eye test.5. Mike’s father died at the age of 83 after a serious ___illness_____.6. She’s receiving _treatment_____ for a lung infection.7. Every child should receive___ vaccination__ against the major childhood

diseases;such as measles, polio etc.8 . Mary’s mother underwent_ surgery_______ to remove a small lump in her breast.

B. Complete the paragraph with the words in the box.Two words are extra.concentration diet treatment insomnia mental nutrition psyhological pressure serious vitamins clinic diseaseGood 1.nutrition__and eating healthy food is essential for good health. Some food contains protein, e.g. meat, some food contains carbohydrates, e.g.pasta, and some food contains 2. __ vitamins____ ,e.g.fruit. Our bodies need these things. However, other food contains a lot of sugar, e.g. chocolate, or a lot of fat, e.g. crisps. These foods can cause 3.__ serious___ health problems such as high blood 4. pressure___ or heart disease. Food also influences our 5. psyhological_ health for example chocolate can change your mood. Vegetables and fish help reduce minor problems such as lack of 6. _ concentration ____, poor memory and poor motivation. If you can’t sleep (7. __ insomnia ____) , eat nuts. If you feel depressed, try eating

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B-C LEVEL TEACHERS’ COPYbrown rice. With regard to more 8.____ mental__ ilnesses, the Mediterranean 9. ____diet_____ may protect you from Alzheimer’s 10. __disease______.

C.Write the word category for the words below (e.g. noun, verb, etc.) and match them with their dictionary meaning. 1.insomnia noun (n) d a.harm or damage: an act or event that causes someone

or something to no longer be fully healthy or in good condition.

2.surgeon noun_g___ b. for the use of one single person or group, not public. 3.private adj. b___ c .to stop something from happening and existing4.injury noun a___ d. habitual sleeplessness; inability to sleep.5.recently adverb f_ e. medical care given to a patient for an illness or

injury.6.prevent verb __c_ f. in the last few days, weeks, or months; a short time

ago.7.treatment noun _e__ g. a medical practitioner qualified to practise surgery.

D. Complete the sentences with the correct form of the words in part C. 1. Some herbs might help you with the _treatment___ of poor memory. 2. There will be a greater need for _surgeons___ in the future as the population grows. 3. Falls, burns, poisoning and knife cuts are some common examples of home _injury___. 4. Recently, some researchers have claimed that butter may not be as dangerous as once people thought. 5. Some research shows that there is a higher risk of blood pressure in people with _insomnia__. 6. Universities as well as state and __private__ sector operate hospitals in Turkey. 7. Parents need to be good role models to _prevent___ obesity in childhood.

E. Fill in the gaps with the correct words. 1. He had to stop playing football because of his ___(blood) pressure. 2. More people suffer from dep_(ression)_ in winter than in summer. 3. He’s got a poor (memory)_____. He can’t remember anything! 4. Hamburgers and pizzas are j_(unk)______ f_(ood)______. 5. David always fails exams because he has poor con (centration)_____. 6.He’s not sleeping at all. I think he has i (nsomnia)_______. 7.There are a lot of car (bohydrates)____ in bread. 8.I need more v (itamins)________ so I am going to drink more orange juice. 9.I love s(almon)___. It’s my favourite fish.

F. Match the phrases with their meanings.1. put forward for consideration b a. recommend2. express something definitely or clearly in speech or writing f b. suggest3. demonstrate or prove e c. reveal4. advise or suggest (something) as a course of action a d. think

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B-C LEVEL TEACHERS’ COPY5. make (previously unknown or secret information)known to others c e.show6. have a particular belief or idea d f. state

UNIT 5 – Natural World

GRAMMARA. Rewrite these sentences using the words in brackets so that they mean

the same.1. Ibiza is more popular than Mayorca. (not as..........as)

Mayorca isn’t as popular as Ibiza._______________.2. Mount Everest is higher than K2. (low)

K2 is lower than Mount Everest____________________.3. The view of Lake Garda is not as impressive as the view of Lake Como. (more)

The view of Lake Como is more impressive than the view of Lake Garda.4. The Eastern Anatolia Region is hillier than The Black Sea Region in Turkey. (flat)

The Black Sea Region is flatter than The Eastern Anatolia region in Turkey.

5. Greenland is bigger than all the other islands in the world. (biggest)Greenland is the biggest island in the world_______.

B. Complete the paragraph with the correct form of the adjectives.China has the 1. _largest___ (large) population in the world and its capital city, Beijing, has some of the 2. __worst___ (bad) traffic problems. A few decades ago, China’s streets weren’t as 3. _polluted___ (polluted) as they are now because most people rode bicycles. But in modern China, cars are selling 4. __faster_____ (fast) than in the USA.However, one city in China recently received a prize for its transportation system from the Institute for Transportation and Devolopment Policy (ITDP). The ITDP works with cities to make city life 5. __better___ (good). This year it gave the city of Guangzhou a prize because it has one of the 6. _best______ (good) public transport systems, not only in China, but worldwide. The system transports 800,000 people a day and runs on time. And bicycles are still as 7. __popular__ (popular) as ever because of the extensive network of bicycle paths. It all means the air in Guangzhou is 8. _cleaner_____ (clean) than in other cities.

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C. Choose the correct answers.1. We don’t have __________ time to get to the airport.

a) many b) little c) much2. There weren’t _________ people left when the party came to an end.

a) much b) few c) many3. Unfortunately, there is __________ wine left in the bottle.

a) few b) much c) little4. There are ________ people who want to come to the party.

a) a lot of b) much c) little5. There is _________ time, we can just relax here. a) little b) much c) plenty of6. There isn’t ________ sugar left in the jar.

a) little b) much c) few7. She’s happy because she has ________ friends in this town.

a) few b) much c) many8. How _______ money do you have left?

a) many b) much c) a lot of9. There is ________ little pollution in Sweden.

a) much b) few c) little10.It has been so dry recently.There hasn’t been ________ rain.

a) much b) many c) little11.Have you eaten _______ chocolate?

a) many b) a lot of c) few 12. ______ people believe in ghosts.

a) much b) plenty of c) little

VOCABULARYA. Match the words with their definitions.

1. sandy c a. having a large distance from the bottom to the top

2. deep d b. having a temperature between cool and hot

3. impressive i c. covered with or containing a substance that is found on beaches and in deserts

4. shark f d. having a long distance from the top to the bottom

5. high a e. (of a slope) rising or falling at a sharp angle

6. steep e f. a large fish with very sharp teeth

7. warm b g. the highest point, strongest, or best point, value, or level of skill

8. peak g h. a lake that contains sea water

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plenty of = a lot of = a large quantity or amount




9. lagoon h i. someone or something that you admire andrespect them

10.harm j j. hurt or damage

B. Fill in the gaps with the words from part A.1. The castle is set on a ___steep___ hill.That’s why it’s very difficult to visit it.2. Insects and diseases cause well-grown plants severe __harm____.3. The water's not _deep______, so we'll be able to get across the river easily.4. An area of sea water separated from the sea by a reef is called a __lagoon__.5. The movie "Jaws" is about a man-eating _shark_____ which is very scary.6. It is one of the most difficult _peak_______to climb.7. Hawai is a wonderful island with palm trees, crystal blue waters and __sandy__ beaches.8. Avenue Shanghai is an __impressive building. It won the Quality Building Grand Award last year! 9. The wall that isolated the house from the rest of the village, is five and a half metres _high___.10. It was a sunny day and it was fairly _warm_____, reaching a temperature of 21 degrees Celsius.

C. Fill in the gaps with words given below. One word is EXTRA.

destroy extinction giantspread obvious invasion

1. Many plant species in Turkey will face _extinction_ if farmers keep overusing pesticides, so we won’t be able to see them in the nature anymore. 2. Istanbul is full of _giant__ shopping malls, which have hundreds of stores, movie theatres, and fun centers. 3. Smoke from this factory _spreads___ all over the town at nights and this damages local people’s health a lot.4. All these human activities such as building roads and high buildings will __destroy__ all the forests around Istanbul.5. It is _obvious___ that the climate is getting warmer and warmer, which will affect the life on the earth negatively.

D. Decide and write if the words in bold are verbs or nouns. e.g :The difficult driving conditions caused several accidents. VerbThe police are still trying to establish the cause of the fire. Noun

1. The air conditioner has stopped working. VerbPlease remain in your seat until the plane comes to a complete stop. Noun

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B-C LEVEL TEACHERS’ COPY2. Fires can damage crops and animals. VerbThe earthquake caused extensive structural damage. Noun3. They've made a lot of changes to the house. NounSusan has changed a lot since I last saw her. Verb4. She's a good teacher who has control of her class. NounFirefighters took two hours to control the blaze Verb5. Thank God, the kidnappers didn't harm the child. Verb_Modern farming methods have done considerable harm to the countryside. Noun_6. We hope that more women will decide to join the course. Verb_The people are full of hope for the future. Noun_7. The courtyard was full of exotic plants in terracotta pots. Noun_We planted trees and bushes in our new garden. Verb_8. I usually shop for vegetables in the market. Verb_Her brother runs a record shop in Chester. Noun_

UNIT 6 – Society and family

GRAMMARA. Answer the questions below.Use the words in the box in your answers.

definitely definitely not might may probably probably not

1. Will people use mobile phones in the future?____________________________________________________.

2. What type of car will you drive in the future?____________________________________________________.

3. What will you do this weekend____________________________________________________.

4. Will computers replace teachers?____________________________________________________.

5. Will we use the internet in the future?____________________________________________________.

6. How will you celebrate your next birthday?____________________________________________________.

7. Will people spend more time at home?____________________________________________________.

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B-C LEVEL TEACHERS’ COPYB. Order the sentences.1. probably / discover / other / life / won’t / planets / we / on

We probably won’t discover life on other planets_______.2. people / space / definitely/ ordinary / won’t / travel / in

Ordinary people definitely won’t travel in space________.3. hotels / might be / space / in the next twenty years / there / in

There might be hotels in space in the next twenty years.4. build / definitely / in / engineers / will / factories / space

Engineers will definitely build factories in space________.5. swimming pool / I / a / swim / won’t / I / definitely / have / because / can’t

I definitely won’t have a swimming pool because I can’t swim.

C. Choose the correct answers. The percentage (%) in brackets shows the probability.

1. Electrical appliances definitely won’t / will probably be less expensive in the future.(75%)

2. Scientists will definitely / probably won’t find an alternative to petrol. (99.9%)3. In the future, more people will definitely / probably work from home. (75%)4. People may / will probably write personal letters in the future. (%40)5. Children definitely won’t / might stop going to school. (1%)

D. Complete the conversation with the correct form of the verbs in brackets.A: Ben I’m planning to go to your home city this summer.B: Really? You’ll have a great time!A: Yeah, but I’m a bit worried. I’ve heard that there are a lot of pickpockets, and that if I 1. ____go____ (go) there , I 2. _will lose_____ (lose) my wallet or camera.Is that true?B: Well, there are criminals around. For example, you 3. _will see___ (see) people playing the shell game if you 4. _walk_____ (walk) down the main street. And if you 5. __leave____ (leave) your bag open, it 6. _will be_____ (be) easy for someone to take your wallet!

A: Hmm, you’re right. B: But if you 7. _are_____ (be) careful, you 8.__won’t have___ (not/have) any problems. Don’t carry a lot of money in your wallet. That way, if someone 9. __takes______ (take) it, you 10. ___won’t lose____ (not/ lose) all your money. A: Good advice! Thanks Ben.

E. Match the halves of the sentences.1. If we sell the business i a. if you pass your exams2. We will be very pleased with you a b. if you break the window3. If she doesn’t come h c. if you miss the train4. You’ll be late c d. if we take the car5. If I find your wallet g e. I’ll lend you some6. If you need some money for the bus e f. the journey will be slow 7. If we take the bus f g. I’ll give it back to you8. We won’t find a parking space d h. I won’t invite her again9. If you want to catch the plane j i. we’ll make a lot of money

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B-C LEVEL TEACHERS’ COPY10. I’ll be furious b j. I’ll give you a lift to the airport

VOCABULARYA. Match the ages in the box with the definitions 1-8.

7 15 17 25 36 52 6782

1. a young adult ___25____2. a child ___7_____3. an adolescent ___17___4. an elderly person ___82____5. a middle-aged person ___52____6 .a teenager ___15____7. a retired person ___67____8. a thirty-something ___36____

B. Use the words in the box with un- or –less to complete the sentences.care clear comfortable fair lucky helphome tidy hope kind usual use1. There are 50,000 __homeless__children living on the streets of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.2. The instructions for the new TV are really _unclear_____. I can’t understand anything at all.3. He broke a lot of glasses when he was doing the washing-up – he’s very _careless______.4.Humans are different to many other animals because they are _helpless___ for a very long time after birth.5. She’s very _untidy_____ so her room is always a terrible mess.6. All my friends from school can go on holiday with their families in August, but I can’t – it’s really _unfair_____.7.The new dining-room chairs are really __uncomfortable_____. My back aches.8. She couldn’t get the job because she was __unlucky___ enough to get a flat tire on the way to her job interview.9. It’s __useless____ trying to talk to her because she never listens.10.Although we knew that it was a __hopeless____ situation,we tried to stop the flames from spreading.11.Her husband is very __unkind______ to her. He is very rude and thoughtless.12. If you notice anything unusual_____ you should contact the police.

C. Use the words in the box to complete the sentences.Two words are extra.

advice analysis prediction consumerneed investor improve profit

1. _Consumer_____ is a person who purchases goods and services for personal use.2. _Investor______ is a person who puts money into something in order to make a profit or get an advantage.

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B-C LEVEL TEACHERS’ COPY3. _Profit________ is money that you gain by selling things or doing business, after your costs have been paid.4. _Analysis______ is a detailed examination of something in order to understand it better.5. _Prediction ___ is a statement about what you think will happen in the future.6._Need________ is something that is necessary.

D. Choose the correct words.1.A lack of adequate childcare / birthrate is making it difficult for women to return to work.2.It's about time employers / graduates realized that staff who are happy work more efficiently.3.Many big companies are now becoming more responsible / suitable about the way they operate.4.We have received reliable information / prediction that a strike is planned nexth month.

UNIT 7 - SCIENCE

GRAMMAR

A. Choose the correct option. 1. Hotel guests don’t have to / mustn’t smoke in their rooms – it’s not permitted.2. Users don’t have to / mustn’t put a photo on their web page, but it is a good

idea.3. My sister doesn’t have to / mustn’t study a foreign language at her school –

they’re an option.4. Passengers don’t have to / mustn’t take liquids on the plane. It’s not allowed.

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B-C LEVEL TEACHERS’ COPY5. Your son doesn’t have to / mustn’t take more than six pills every day. That’s the

maximum.6. I don’t have to / mustn’t wear a suit to work. I can wear jeans if I like.

B. Rewrite the sentences with the correct forms of the words given in brackets.

1. It was necessary for her to work all night to finish the report. (have to)SHE HAS TO WORK ALL NIGHT TO FINISH THE REPORT.

2. They weren’t able to escape. (can)THEY COULDN’T ESCAPE.

3. Was he able to play the piano when he was five? (can)COULD HE PLAY THE PIANO WHEN HE WAS FIVE?

4. Is it necessary for them to wear their uniforms? (have to)DO THEY HAVE TO WEAR THEIR UNIFORMS?

5. Are you able to speak any foreign languages? (can)CAN YOU SPEAK ANY FOREIGN LANGUAGES?

6. It is a good idea to meet after the rain stops. (should)WE SHOULD MEET AFTER THE RAIN STOPS.

7. Is it the right thing for the students to memorize all these formulas? (should)SHOUL THE STUDENTS MEMORIZE ALL THESE FORMULAS?

8. It may be very crowded outside. Then we will stay at home. (if)IF IT IS CROWDED OUTSIDE, WE WILL STAY AT HOME.

9. I’m almost sure that my brother will get the job. (probably)MY BROTHER WILL PROBABLY GET THE JOB.

10. It isn’t possible for me to dance in front of so many people that night. (can)I CAN’T DANCE IN FRONT OF SO MANY PEOPLE THAT NIGHT.

11. It is forbidden to eat and drink during the seminar. (must)YOU MUSTN’T EAT OR DRINK DURING THE SEMINAR.

12. It is the right thing for me not to meet my ex-boyfriend again. (should)I SHOULDN’T MEET MY EX-BOYFRIEND AGAIN.

13. When my cousin was only 4, he was able to sing lots of English songs correctly. (can)

WHEN MY COUSIN WAS 4, HE COULD SING LOTS OF ENGLISH SONGS CORRECTLY.

14. It is impossible that the manager will change the deadline of the project. (definitely)

THE MANAGER DEFINITELY WON’T CHANGE THE DEADLINE OF THE PROJECT.

15. I’m not sure if the teacher will hand out some extra worksheets. (might)THE TEACHER MIGHT HAND OUT SOME EXTRA WORKSHEETS.

16. Bob was able to eat lots of food when he was younger but nowadays he’s careful with his diet. (can)

BOB COULD EAT LOTS OF FOOD WHEN HE WAS YOUNGER BUT …..17. It is necessary for the students to cover the worksheet before it’s checked in the

classroom. (have to)THE STUDENTS HAVE TO COVER THE WORKSHEETS BEFORE …

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B-C LEVEL TEACHERS’ COPY18. Was it necessary for you to have an operation? (have to)

DID YOU HAVE TO HAVE AN OPERATION?19. She may come late today. Then we will start without her. (if)

IF SHE COMES LATE TODAY, WE WILL START WITHOUT HER.20. It is a good idea for children to read short stories before bedtime. (should)

CHILDREN SHOULD READ SHORT STORIES BEFORE BEDTIME.21. Was it necessary for you to write a lot of essays last year? (have to)

DID YOU HAVE TO WRITE A LOT OF ESSAYS LAST YEAR?22. Perhaps my husband will get a pay rise next month. Then we can change our

furniture. (if)IF MY HUSBAND GETS A PAY RISE NEXT MONTH, WE CAN CHANGE OUR FURNITURE.

23. It isn’t necessary for me to pay the bills. (have to)I DON’T HAVE TO PAY THE BILLS.

24. It is necessary not to smoke during the meeting. (must)YOU MUSTN’T SMOKE DURING THE MEETING.

25. There’s a chance that our teacher will arrive late due to the heavy traffic. (might)

OUR TEACHER MIGHT ARRIVE LATE DUE TO THE HEAVY TRAFFIC.26. It is necessary not to speak loudly in a hospital. (can)

YOU CAN’T SPEAK LOUDLY IN A HOSPITAL.

VOCABULARY

A. Fill in the blanks with the correct word from the box. There is one extra word.

evidence fingerprints analysis crime sceneinvestigate reveal crime burglars

1. The police are examining the _crime scene__ but don’t have any __evidence_ yet.

2. The police are employing an ex-thief to help them fight ____crime___. He now works with the police, helping them to give advice to homeowners on how to stop potential ____burglars___.

3. Detectives who __investigate__ the murder of a woman are trying to find out exactly how and when she died.

4. The police didn’t let anyone in because they were taking the murderer’s ___fingerprints___. When they finish the __analysis__, they will compare them to the suspects’.

B. Read the lines and fill in the blanks with the correct preposition.1. What has happened ___to___ my clothes?

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B-C LEVEL TEACHERS’ COPY2. You should spend a lot of time ___on___ this new project, it’s very

important for us.3. The branch has separated ___from___ the trunk of the tree.4. They were proud ___of___ their success in the competition.5. The principal has already received several calls ___from__ the angry

parents.C. Choose the best phrases to complete the text.

The most important invention of the twentieth century

The invention that I think is the most important is the Internet. It has led to / means great changes in our lives, particularly in the areas of communication, information, creativity and business.First of all, email caused / means that we can communicate very quickly, efficiently and cheaply. This is connected to / so the globalization of business because doing business is now much easier and quicker. It has also led to / caused people having personal relationships across the world. We can see this in the multinational chat rooms.

Secondly, the Internet is a great library of information. This means / is connected to that people do not depend on the few hundred books in their local library, instead they can read billions of documents and files. People can find out about history, entertainment and their holiday destinations at the click of a button.Thirdly, the Internet has led to / so the development of a new type of business: e-business. Nowadays, a business does not need to have a building, and so / means it is easier and cheaper to start a business. Also, on an individual level, it is very convenient for the customers who can now shop from their home.

Finally, the Internet has caused / meant that a great increase in creativity. For example, people put videos online, they write blogs or start their own websites. This shows that the internet means that / has led to positive or active changes in people’s lives, whereas inventions like the television are less positive and more passive.

PHRASAL VERBS

TURN UP : to increase the amount of sound, heat, or light. X TURN DOWN: to reduce the amount of sound, heat, or light.

TAKE OFF:1) (of an aeroplane, a helicopter…) leave the ground and begin to fly. 2) remove an item of clothing from one’s body.

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B-C LEVEL TEACHERS’ COPYPICK UP : 1) give sb a lift in a car. 2) to learn a new skill or start a habit without intending to 3) to lift sb or sth up from a surface.

UNIT 8 – THE NIGHT

GRAMMAR

GERUNDS & INFINITIVES

VERB + INFINITIVE WITH TO

VERB + -ING FORM

VERB + PREPOSITION + -ING FORM

HopeManageTendWantDecideNeedSeemPlanRefuseCan’t affordPromise

KeepEnjoySuggestFancyAvoidMindCan’t help (=can’t stop)GoFinish

Think aboutSucceed inLook forward toTalk aboutCarry onGive upBe interested inBe good at Be bad at

A. Read the interviews with Toby and Matilda. Write the verbs in the correct form.

I: Toby, what would you like _to be_ (be) when you grow up?T: I’d like __to work_ (work) in space research.I: Wow! Why do you want __to do__ (do) that?T: Well, I enjoy _learning_ (learn) about the planets, and I love __thinking__

(think) about what’s out there in space.I: Where do you hope __to work__ (work)?T: I’d love __to go__ (go) to Switzerland and work for CERN, the nuclear

research organization. That would be my dream job!I: Well, good luck!

I: Matilda, what are you going to do when you retire?M: Well, I’m very interested in __finding__ (find) out about my family history.

I’ve decided _to do__ (do) some research on the net. I think I will succeed in __finding__ (find) some cousins who emigrated to Australia.

I: Would you like __to go__ (go) to Australia?M: Yes, I would! Australia is a fascinating country. I love __travelling__

(travel)! I’ve just come back from __driving__ (drive) across America.I: Where are you going next?M: My friend and I are planning __to cross__ (cross) Russia by train. It takes

about a week.

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B-C LEVEL TEACHERS’ COPYI: Wow! That sounds wonderful!

NEW GRAMMAR

1. There are some verbs which can be followed by –ing or to… with a difference of meaning.

REMEMBER

I remember doing something = I did it and now I remember this.You remember doing something after you have done it.

I’m absolutely sure I locked the door. I clearly remember locking it. (= I locked it, and now I remember this.)

He could remember driving along the road just before the accident happened, but he couldn’t remember the accident itself.

I remembered to do something = I remembered that I had to do it, and so I did it.You remember to do something before you do it.

I remembered to lock the door when I left but I forgot to shut the windows. (= I remembered that I had to lock the door and so I locked it.)

Please remember to post the letter. (= don’t forget to post it.)

FORGET

I forget doing something = not recall I’ll never forget meeting her for

the first time. (=I’ll never forget when I met her for the first time. That event or that moment is very important for me so I can’t get it out of my mind.)

Sally forgot playing tennis when she was young. (= she was playing tennis many years ago but now she doesn’t remember it.)

I forget to do something = not remember I’m sorry, I forgot to call you.

(= it was your birthday but I was very busy and I just couldn’t remember it.)

Don’t forget to meet Mr Morison at 10 this morning. (= you should meet him.)

STOP

TRY

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I stop doing something = I stop an activity

It’s a good idea to stop eating sweets between meals.

I stopped smoking. (=I gave up smoking.)

I stop to do something = I stop in order to

They stopped to buy some food, and then continued their journey.(= they were driving and they wanted to buy some food so they stopped driving in order to buy food.)

I’ve written three essays and now I want to stop to have a rest.



B-C LEVEL TEACHERS’ COPYTry to do = attempt to do, make an effort to do:

I was very tired. I tried to keep my eyes open but I couldn’t.

Please try to be quiet when you come home. Everyone will be asleep.

Try also means ‘do something as an experiment or test’. For example:

These cakes are delicious. You must try one. (=you must have one to see if you like it.)

We couldn’t find anywhere to stay. We tried every hotel in the town but they were all full. (=we went to every hotel to see if they had a room.),

If try (with this meaning) is followed by a verb, we say try –ing:

A: The photocopier doesn’t seem to be working.B: Try pressing the green button. (=press the green button – perhaps this will help to solve the problem)

I tried to move the table but it was too heavy. (so I couldn’t move it.)

I didn’t like the way the furniture was arranged, so I tried moving the table to the other side of the room. But it still didn’t look right, so I moved it back again.

2. HELP & CAN’T HELP

These two verbs seem similar but they have a different meaning.

You can say ‘HELP TO DO’ or ‘HELP DO’ (infinitive with or without to):

Everybody helped to clean up after the party. Or Everybody helped clean up…

Can you help me to move this table? Or Can you help me move this….?

There is also an expression ‘can’t/couldn’t help doing something’. I can’t help doing something = I can’t stop myself from doing something.

I don’t like him but he has a lot of problems. I can’t help feeling sorry for him.

She tried to be serious but she couldn’t help laughing. I’m sorry I’m so nervous. I can’t help shouting at everybody.

3. MAKE & LET

These verbs have the structure verb + object + infinitive (without to): The customs officer made Sally open her case. Hot weather makes me feel tired. Her parents never let her go out alone.

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B-C LEVEL TEACHERS’ COPY Let me carry your bag for you.

B. Complete the conversation with the correct form of the verbs (-ing or to +verb).

Mario: Brian, hi! So, you seem ____to be____ (be) really worried about the timetable.Brian: Well, yes. You see, some of the students have a really important exam next term, and I can see them starting ____to get____ (get) very tired already. That’s why I decided ___to ask____ (ask) you about this now.Mario: Good idea. In fact, I know other lecturers want ____to discuss___ (discuss) similar issues as well. But first I need ___to find out___ (find out) what exactly the problem is. I am thinking of ___calling__ (call) a meeting. Brian: Really? That would be very useful. In the meantime, maybe we could all keep ___looking___ (look) for more research on teenagers’ sleep problems.Mario: Sure. I remember when we were teenagers, our teachers tended __to blame__ (blame) us if were tired in the morning.Brian: Yeah, it was the same at our college. But our problems had nothing to do with laziness, or going to bed late.Mario: I know. It was beyond our control. Nobody likes __studying__ (study) when they are tired.

C. Complete the text with the –ing or to- infinitive form of the verbs in brackets.

People who remember ___to do__ (do) everything they have planned are usually people who organize their tasks in some way, and avoid __getting__ (get) into a muddle. A shopping list is a good example of this technique, if you remember __to take__ (take) the list with you when you go __shopping_ (shop).

It’s sometimes possible to remember a fact, for example, if first of all you stop _to think_ (think) for a few moments. When you try _to remember__ (remember) something, this will be easier if you have learnt it in an organized way. If you are not sure how to do this, try __writing_ (write) brief notes about the text you are reading. Many people find this an effective way of learning. After all, it’s easy to read something and not understand or remember it, usually because you have stopped __paying_ (pay) attention.

D. Complete the text with the –ing or to- infinitive form of the verbs in brackets.

Reading the digital way

Many of us who love _reading_ (read) are changing our habits. Today, a lot of us have decided _to use_ (use) e-readers, and so we’ve stopped _buying_ (buy) traditional books.

E-readers have a number of advantages. They are very practical, so they are ideal for people who like _travelling_ (travel). If you’re abroad, you don’t need _to

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B-C LEVEL TEACHERS’ COPYlook for_ (look for) a bookshop that has books in your language – you can download it as a digital book. In addition to this, e-readers are private, so people around you can’t __see__ (see) what you’re reading. Finally, when you finish __reading_(read) a book, you no longer have to find room for it on a bookshelf.

However, there are some disadvantages. Some people say it makes your eyes _hurt_ (hurt) if you spend a long time in front of the screen. As well as this, an e-reader can let you _go on_ (go on) reading as long as the battery lasts, so you have to remember _to take_ (take) your charger with you and you mustn’t forget _to charge_ (charge) the battery.

E. Choose the correct verb forms to complete the sentences.

1. They would like / are going to get married next year, but they need to save some money first.

2. I’m afraid we definitely can’t come to your party, we are hoping / going to visit my parents that weekend.

3. He would like / is going to leave his job, but he can’t because he needs the money.

4. Which university are you going / hoping to go to? Have you had an interview yet?

5. I can give you a lift to work next week because I’m going / I would like to buy a car tomorrow.

VOCABULARY

A. Fill in the blanks with a correct word from the box. Use the correct form of tenses. There is one extra word.

doze light sleeper nightmares sleep throughinsomnia fall asleep heavy sleeper sleepless

1. She _was dozing__ in a chair by the fire when the doorbell rang.2. She was really tired after a long meeting, so she __fell asleep_ over her

newspaper.3. My brother is a real __heavy sleeper_. It is nearly impossible to wake him up

in the morning.4. Someone suffering from __insomnia_ is regularly unable to sleep at night.5. ‘Did you hear the storm last night?’

‘No, I think I __slept through__ it.’‘Really? There was a lot of noise around and you didn’t hear anything. I can’t believe it.’

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B-C LEVEL TEACHERS’ COPY6. I think he should cut down the amount of coffee he drinks. Yesterday he lied

__sleepless__ most of the night.7. I have __nightmares__ about falling off a cliff. I usually wake up covered with

sweat.

B. Choose the correct option.

1. Nobody can understand why he murdered his wife. It’s a very confused / confusing situation.

2. I’ve always been interested / interesting in wild-life, especially birds.3. I don’t like this city. It’s a quite depressed / depressing place.4. She doesn’t study hard enough. Her grades are disappointed / disappointing .5. Why do you always look bored / boring ? Is your life really bored / boring ?

C. Hank, Joey and Tilly are from New York. They’re visiting Paris for a long weekend. Complete the conversation with the phrases in the box.

A.I’d like to stay in bed B.I’d rather go for a walk than stay in bed

C.I enjoy doing that

D.I’m not keen on going to the Eiffel Tower

E.I’d prefer not to visit a museum

F.I’d love to be the first person to go up the tower

Hank: Right then guys, let’s sort out our schedule. We get there on Thursday evening, so, what shall we do on Friday morning?

Tilly: ________A_________________.Joey: Stay in bed! What do you mean? We haven’t got time to stay in bed.Tilly: I know, but I’ll be tired. ___________E_____________ or a gallery or anything like that.Hank: Well, why don’t we go for a nice walk by the River Seine?Joey: OK, that sounds good. ____________B_____________. Perhaps we can find a nice place

for a late breakfast. Tilly?Tilly: Sure, that sounds fine. And, shall we go to the Eiffel Tower in the afternoon?Joey: Yes, ___________C_____________. The view should be fantastic from there.Hank: Oh, I don’t know. _____________D______________ in the afternoon.Tilly: Really? Why not?Hank: Well, I think it’ll be very busy. We should go early in the morning when it’s quiet.Tilly: Yeah, good idea. ________________F_______________. What shall we do in the

afternoon?Joey: We could go and see some modern art at the Pompidou Centre?Hank: Great idea! That’s decided then.

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B-C LEVEL TEACHERS’ COPYPHRASAL VERBS

TAKE AFTER : to resemble in parents in looks and/or character.

BREAK INTO : 1) suddenly begin to cry, laugh, sing. 2) to enter illegally 3) to interrupt

CHANGE INTO : to pass from one form to another.

UNIT 9 – Work and IndustryGRAMMAR

A. Use either "used to" or the Past Simple to complete each of the sentences. Use "used to" when possible.

1. I _saw___ (see) Mark at the library working hard. He told me to say hello to you.2. She _used to be__ (be) a lot happier, but then she lost her job.3. There _used to be_ (be) three restaurants in this town, but two closed down

leaving only one.4. If you look over there, you can see the field where they faught___ (fight) the

Battle of Harris Hill in 1509.5. Did you _take__ (take) a lot of photos when you were in Moscow last year?6. How many hours a day did you _use to go__ (go) to school when you were ten?7. Children never _used to talk__ (talk) so aggressively to their parents when we

were young.8. Soldiers _built___ (build) this bridge near the end of the Second World War.

B. Complete the blanks with your own sentences. Use ‘used to’.1. People _____________________________ before the car was invented.2. People _____________________________ before the electric light was invented.3. People _____________________________ before the television was invented.4. People _____________________________ before the calculator was invented.5. People _____________________________ before money was invented.6. People _____________________________ before the printing press was invented.7. People _____________________________ before the gun was invented.8. People _____________________________ before the mobile phone invented.9. People _____________________________ before the mirror was invented.10. People _____________________________ before the internet was invented.

C. Complete the interview with the following questions.

used to work used to get you use to work used to goused to make used to enjoy used to have did you use to get

A: Where were you born?B: I was born in west London.A: Was it a pleasant place to grow up?B: No it wasn’t. The area ____used to have____ a lot of factories and things, no trees at all. It

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B-C LEVEL TEACHERS’ COPY has changed a lot since then.A: Did you go to school in West London?B: No, I didn’t. I ___used to go______ to a school about ten kilometres away.A: Did you use to get___ good marks at school?B: No! I _used to get_____ mainly D and E grades and I failed all my exams.A: What were your best subjects at school?B: I _used to enjoy____ music lessons most! I always liked singing really loudly.A: Did __you use to work___ during the holidays?B: Yes, I did. I ___used to work_____ at one of the film studios in the area. You knowjust making tea and coffee.A: How did you get your first job as a film director?B: I __used to make___ my own short films. I made one called ‘Night’. The screen was just black all the time. Really clever – black, ‘Night’, see? The studio bosses thought it was clever too, so they offered me a job.

D. Rewrite the sentences in the active.1. Designer clothes are sold in this shop. This shop sells designer clothes___.2. Chinese is spoken by more than one billion people. More than one billion people speak Chinese_.3. Breakfast is served every day from 7 am to 10 am. They serve breakfast every day from 7 am to 10 am_.4. Where is her jewellery kept in her house? Where does she keep her jewellery in her house_?5. The world record isn’t broken by the American team every year. The American team doesn’t break the world record every year_____.6. Is Latin thought at this school? Do they teach Latin at this school_________?7. Stonehenge is visited by a lot of tourists every year. A lot of tourists visit Stonehenge every year___. E. Rewrite the sentences in the passive. 1. How many newspapers do they print in Britain every day?

How many newspapers are printed in Britain every day_? 2. They speak German in Germany, Austria, and part of Switzerland.

German is spoken in Germany, Austria and part of Switzerland_. 3. How much paper do they recycle in Poland each year?

How much paper is recycled in Poland each year__? 4. In the UK, they don’t sell alcohol to anyone under 18.

In the UK alcohol isn’t sold to anyone under 18_. 5. Dentists use diamonds for drilling.

Diamonds are used for drilling________________. 6. Japan imports more oil than any other country in the world.

More oil is imported by Japan than any other country in the world_. 7. A large number of people in the world don’t speak English as a first language.

English isn’t spoken as a first language by a large number of people in the world_.

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VOCABULARYA. Complete the blanks with the appropriate form of the words in the box.

Two words are extra.staff promotion team training course

report industry lunch break employee

Maria is an 1. employee_ in a large multinational company. Her hours are from 9 a.m. to 5 p.m., Monday to Friday. She has a 2. lunch break__ from 12.00 to 1.00 p.m. every day . She uses a computer all day and prepares weekly 3. _reports___ to her manager. She is hardworking and successful, so she is expecting a 4. _promotion____ soon. Her job is a bit routine, but it’s secure and quite well-paid. She likes working as a 5. __team_ and being a member of the 6. __staff__in her company.

B. Match the words with their definitions.1. retailer d a. offering goods and services for sale2. export(v) g b. goods or services bought from a foreign country3. sales f c. a business that produces some products4. quantity i d. a businessperson who sells goods in a shop or store in a

large quantity5. manufacturer c e. the act of bringing something to a person or business6. import(v) b f. the action of offering lower prices to customers7. bargain(v) h g. goods or services sold to a foreign country8. delivery e h.to argue or discuss an amount or price (used on markets)9. supply(v) a i. how much there is of something that you can quantify (amount)

C. Make compound nouns using a word from each box. Then use the compound nouns to complete the sentences below.

glass outer credit washing

gold space public electronic

equipment

building

shuttle maker space card machine

wire

1 Tom stripped off his dirty clothes and threw them into the __washing machine___.

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B-C LEVEL TEACHERS’ COPY2. Theastronaut had to conduct many experiments in the _space shuttle_______.3. _Gold wires______ are used to connect different parts of some electronic equipment.4. __Outer space___ the region beyond earth's atmosphere and especiallybeyond the solar system.5. George doesn’t like carrying cash with him. He always pay by _credit card________.6. Mark can repair all kinds of ____electronic equipment_ except computers.7. By the middle of the eighteenth century, ___glass makers____ in Britain were decorating glass by various techniques including engraving, cutting, gilding, and enameling.8. _Public buildings____ are used by the public for any purpose, such as assembly, education, entertainment, or worship.

PHRASAL VERBSFill in the blanks with the correct phrasal verb. Use the correct tense form. There is one extra.

take off pick up change into run out ofrun through break into take after turn down

1. We should urgently find a petrol station because we can _run out of_____ oil at any time.

2. There are a lot of souvenirs in this store but first I have to _change______ some dollars into____ euros. Is there an exchange office near here?

3. My mother ___picked up___ the telephone and dialed the number but nobody answered it.

4. As the President’s car arrived, the crowd ____broke into_____ loud applause. He stopped and greeted everyone with a friendly wave of the hand.

5. Don’t forget to _turn down______ the gas before you leave home. It’s more economical this way.

6. Your daughter doesn’t ___take after_____ you at all. You’re blonde with green eyes but she is quite dark.

7. The crash occurred only three minutes after the private plane ___took off___________.

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