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XXXI.—On a collectionof Polychæta from thecoast of ChinaC.C.A. Monro aa Department of Zoology, BritishMuseum (Natural History)

Version of record first published: 18 Aug2009.

To cite this article: C.C.A. Monro (1934): XXXI.—On a collection ofPolychæta from the coast of China , Journal of Natural History Series 10,13:75, 353-380

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On Polychveta from the Coast of China. 353

REFERENCES.

BAYL~S, H.A. 1928. " On a Collection of Nematodes from Nigerian Mammals (chiefly Rodents)." Parasitol. xx. pp. 280-304. 1930. " Mission Saharienne Augi6ras-Draper, 1927-1928.-

Parasitic Nematodes." Bull. Mus. Hist. nat., Paris, (2) ii. pp. 117-130.

BOULENGER, C.L. 1923. " A Collection of Nematode Parasites from Zanzibar." Parasitol. xv. pp. 113-121.

SEURAT, L. G. 1913. "Sur deux Spiropt~res du Chat gant6 (Fells ocreata Gruel.)." Compt. rend. Soc. Biol. lxxiv. pp. 676-679.

I915. " Stir deuxnouveaux Spiroptbres des Carnivores." Ibid Ixxviii. pp. 157-161. 1919. " N6matodes de la Panthbre." Bull. Soc. Hist. nat.

Afrique du Nord, x. pp. 47-48. STILES, C. W., HASS~Im, A., & NOLAN, M.O. 1929. ' Key-Catalogue

of Parasites reported for Primates.' U.S. Pub. Health Serv., Hyg. Lab. Bull. no. 152.

X X X I . - - 0 n a Collection of Polychazta from the Coast of China. B y C. C. A. MONRO, D e p a r t m e n t of Zoology, Br i t i sh Museum ( N a t u r a l H i s to ry ) .

INTRODUCTION.

This col lec t ion consists of t h e spec imens t h a t a t var ious t imes du r ing the las t few yea r s have been k i n d l y s u b m i t t e d to me for iden t i f ica t ion b y Professor C. P ing a n d Professor T. Y. Chen of the U n i v e r s i t y of A m o y . The g rea t m a j o r i t y a re f rom A m o y , b u t a few are f rom Chefoo and Fooehow. U n f o r t u n a t e l y , m y mate r iM was l imi t ed wi th few excep t ions to one or p e r h a p s two e x a m p l e s of each species, a s t a t e of th ings t h a t no t on ly e no r m ous l y in- creases the diff icul ty for t he sy s t ema t i s t , b u t robs the col lect ion of m u c h of i ts value.

I have descr ibed two new species - - a n E u n i c i d Marphysa sinensis a n d a Terebel l id Neoleprea amoyensis. The cur ious Halosydna pilosa H o r s t is r e p r e s e n t e d in the col lect ion, a n d also Nephthys sinensis which has v e r y r ecen t ly been d e s c r i b e d b y F a u v e l f rom the Chinese coast .

So far as can be seen f rom the p resen t sma l l collection, the Po lychmte f auna a t A m o y shows affinit ies b o t h wi th t h a t of J a p a n and wi th t h a t of t he Phi l ipp ines .

Ann. & Ma9. N. Hist. Ser. 10. Vol. xiii . 23

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354 Mr. C. C. A. Monro o n

The following is a list of the species : d

A~IPHI~ OMID~.

Chlceia ]lava (Pallas). parva Baird.

POLYiNOID~E.

Haloaydnoides ~ilosa (Horst). Lepidonotus tenuisetosus (Gravier).

• helotypus (Grube). Lepidasthenia longissima (Izuka).

ACEETID~E.

Folyodontes melanonotus (Grube).

PHYLLODOCIDzE.

NotophyUum splenden8 (Schmarda). Phyllodoce malmgreni Gravier.

SYLLZD~.

A utolytus pachyceru8 Augener.

I~EREID~E.

Perlnereis nuntia Savlgny vat. brevicirri8 Grube. Nereis aibuhitensis Grube. - - oxypoda Marenzeller. Tylorrhynchus heterocha~tus (Quatrefages).

I~EPHTHYDID2d.

Neph~hys sinensis Fauvel.

GLYCERID~.

Glycera onomichiensia Izuka. - - chirori Izuka. - - declplens Marenzeller.

EUNICID~E.

Eunice gracilis (Crossl~nd). Marphysa sanguinea (Montagu).

sinensis, sp. n. Lysidice collaris Grube. Diopatra dentata Kinberg. Onuphls eremita Audouln & M.-Edwards, Lumbrinereis ocellata Grube.

CIRRATULID ~E.

Audoulnia comosa (Marenzeller). dasyloThia (Marenzeller).

SPIONID2E.

Polydora cil/a~a (Johnston).

SCALIBREG~IID~.

Hyboscolex sp.

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Polychveta from the Coast of China. 355

0pHELIID~E.

Armu~din leptocirris Grube. Travisia chinensis Grube.

~[ALDANID2E. Clymene (Euclymene) insects (Ehlers).

TEREBELLID2~. Thelepus thoracicus (Grube). 1Veoleprea anioyensis, sp. n. Loimia medusa Savigny var. annulifilis Grube.

SABELLIDzE. SabeUastarte indica (Savigny). - - zebuensis (M'Intosh). Potamilla polyopthalmos (Grube).

SERPULID~E. ~erpula granulosa Marenzeller. Protula sp.

There are forty species in all. The specimen of the rare genus Hyboscolex probably represents a new species, but the material is insufficient.

Family hmphinomid~e. Chlo~ia flava (Pallas).

M'Intoah, 1885, p. 8, pl. iii. figs. 1-3 and pl. i. A, figs. 7-9.

Occurrence.~Amoy, coll. Ping (3); Foochow, coll. Ping (2).

Chlveia parva Baird. Horst, 1912, p. 19, pl. vii. fig. 4, pl. viii. figs. 1-3.

Occurrence.---Amoy, coll. Chen (1). Remarks.--This is a large specimen measuring 72 mm.

by 16 mm. Horst has an excellent figure of the charac- teristic colour-markings (pl. vii. fig. 4). I t is doubtful whether this species is more than a colour-variety of Ch. flava.

The colour-markings of Ch. viridis are similar, but distinct.

Family Polynoid~e.

Halosydnoides pilosa (Horst). Halosydna pilosa Horst, 1917, p. 81, pl. xix. figs. 1 & 2.

Occurrencc.--Amoy, coll. Chen (1). Description.--The specimen measures 27 mm. by

3 ram. for fifty-two chmtigers. There are twenty-seven pairs of scales on the following chmtigers :--1, 3, 4, 6, 8, 10,

23*

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356 On Polychceta from the Coast of China.

12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22, 24, 27, 29, 31, 33, 35, 37, 39, 41, 42, 44, 46, 47, 49, 51. I-Iorst gives forty segments and seventeen pairs of elytra, and I believe tha t he had before him an incomplete specimen. The scales are imbricating; they overlap in the middle of the back and completely hide the body. They are without colour.

The head (fig. 1, A) is rounded and has a median groove. There are two pairs of eyes at the sides of the head, the anterior pair being about halfway down the head. There is a pair of stout tapering palps, a little shorter than the long median tentacle. The latter is s tudded with very long papillse, has a very slight terminal swelling, and ends in a long filiform tip. The lateral tentacles have a subterminal insertion, and there are no prostomial peaks. They are of similar form to the median tentacle, but about half its size. There are two pairs of tentacular cirri, of which the dorsal pair is about equal in length to the palps. The ventral pair is slightly shorter. They have a black ring just below the terminal swelling and long filiform tips. Under a binocular no papillae are visible on the palps, lateral tentacles, and tentacular cirri.

The scales (fig. l, B) are oval, have on their outer border a fringe of papillae of unequal size, some being very long. At the edges of the fringe the filiform papillm give place to minute clavate papillae. The scales are studded with small square tubercles (fig. 1, C), and near the scar of a t tachment there is a group of much larger tubercles (fig. 1, D), which appear to be covered with plates or scales (fig. 1, E).

The feet (fig. 1, F) are more or less triangular in outline, and at their apex there is a thick bunch of long papillae. There is a slender smooth dorsal cirrus without papillae reaching almost to the end of the bristles and a short, stout, tapering ventral cirrus. There is a well-developed dorsal bristle-bundle supported by a pale yellow aciculum. The dorsal bristles (fig. 1, G) are exceedingly fine, delicately barbed structures covered with microscopic debris. The ventral bundle is supported by two stout brown acicula, and the bristles (fig. 1, H) have curved tips which are perfectly smooth except for two or three minute denticles. They are figured by Horst.

There is a pair of minute pygidial cirri.

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Fig . 1.

A.

• " * . " c ~ e ~ o

" " " o . _'~ o . / u u " ' - j . , 1 ° ° ° ~ . . . . " °

'03~M

o°I C

' I M ~

F .

G.

H .

' 0 5 M M

I -05MM

I Halosydnoides pilosa (Hors t ) .

A, bead ; B, scale ; C, small tubercles ; D, large tuberc le ; E, scale- like s t ruc ture of large tubercles, highly magnif ied ; F , middle foot ; G, dorsal br is t le ; H, vent ra l bristle.

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358 Mr. C. C. A. Monro on

Remarks.--In spite of certain rather wide differences between Horst 's observations and mine, I believe this specimen to belong to his species. H. pilosa is a very curious species. In the shape of the head and the arrange- ment of the elytra it belongs to the Halosydna-Lepid- asthenia group. On the other hand, the imbricating elytra with the long fringe, the well-developed dorsal bristle-bundle, and the curious, almost smooth ventral bristles set it apart from any other member of that group that I know. I have provisionally assigned it to Seidler's Halosydnoides, although the development of the noto- podial bristles makes it scarcely capable of inclusion within that genus.

Lepidonotus tenuisetosus (Gravier). Euphione tenulsetosa Gravier, 1901, p. 222, pl. viii. figs. 123-126,

text-figs. 228-231.

Occurrence.--Amoy, coll. Chen (1). Remarks.--I find it very difficult to be certain of the

attr ibution of this single specimen. I t is small, measuring only 6 mm. by 2 mm. The elytra, which completely cover the back, are mottled with black. The specimen has almost contiguous lateral eyes, fine barbed dorsal bristles, and unidentate ventral bristles. The ch~et~e of the second segment are lost, so that I have seen no bristles resembling Gravier's text-figure 231. The elytra have large and small tubercles, as Gravier relates, are fringed, and have also at their edges a number of curious papillae similar to those figured by Gravier (pl. viii. fig. 126).

Lepidonotus helotypus (Grube). Seidler, 1924, 1 a. 56, figs. 12-13, with synonymy.

Occurrence.--Chefoo, coll. Ping (1).

Lepidasthenia longissima (Izuka). Polyno~" longissima Izuka, 1912, p. 34, lal. i. fig. I, pl. iv. figs. 1-5. Lepidasthenla longissima Seidler, 1924, p. 164.

Occurrence.---Amoy, coll. Chen (1). Remarks.--This specimen measures 65 ram. by 6 mm.

without the feet for 115 ch~etigers. There are only 42 pairs of elytra and not 46, as given by Izuka. The coloration also differs from that described by Izuka. The back for about the first six ch~etigers is white, mottled

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Polychoeta from the Coast of China. 359

with black. The following ten ch~etigers are a greenish brown with white splashes. Further back the white splashes disappear and the back is a uniform greenish brown, interrupted at every third intersegment by a thin transverse white line. Moreover, for about the first 35 ch~etigers there are black lines intoning along the sides of the body just above the feet. Fur ther back these black lines are no longer evident. The elytra are colour- less and semi-transparent, except for a black bar lying well inside the scar of a t tachment and exactly above the black lines on the sides of the body. These bars on the elytra persist long after the black lines have disappeared. On the ventral surface the neural groove is dark brown, and from the 36th cha~tiger backwards there are small black patches at the base of the nephridial papillae. Izuka states that the nephridiM papillae begin on the 18th ch~etiger. I can see minute nephridial papillae from the 5th ch~etiger. They increase in size from before backwards, and do not become at all conspicuous before about the 20th ch~etiger.

The structure of the feet and bristles is exactly as described by Izuka.

Family Accetid~.

Polyodontes melanonotus (Grube). Panthalis melanonotu8 ~Fauvel, 1919, p. 339, pl. xv. figs. 1-3, pL xvll.

figs. 70-75.

Occurrence.--Amoy, co11. Chen (1). Remarks.~An anterior fragment in very poor condition.

I believe it to belong to Grube's species, with which Fauvel regards Polyodontes sibogoe as identical.

Family Phyllodocid~e.

Notophyllum splendens (Schmarda). Augoner, 1913, p. 140, text-fig. 11, with synonymy.

Occurrence.--Amoy, coll. Chen (1). Remarks.--The dark green dorsal cirri overlap in the

median line. The nuchal organs have the characteristic three digitiform processes. Neither Marenzeller nor Izuka mention the nuchal organs in N. japonicum Maren- zeller, and Izuka's N. sagamianum has nuchM organs with four processes.

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360 Mr. C. C. A. Monro on

PhyUodoce malmgreni Gravier ? Gravier, 1900, p. 207, pl. x. figs. 29-31, text-fig. 66-69; Fauvel, 1919,

p. 360.

Occurrencc.--Amoy, coll. Chen (1). Remarks.--A single anterior fragment measuring 14 mm.

by 1 mm. for 50 ch~etigers. I believe it to be a colour- variant of Gravier's species. The general body-eolour is pale yellow, and for about the first seven ch~etigers there is a dorsal, median, black stripe about half the width of the body. This stripe then shows segmental inter- ruptions, which lengthen out from before backwards, and the stripe is replaced by a series of intersegmental black bars which towards the end of the fragment are as wide as the body. The dorsal cirri are cream-coloured and have a conspicuous black spot in the middle.

The head is cordiform and very slightly emarginate behind. I see no occipital button. In the present specimen the tentacular segments are very crowded together and their limits cannot be distinguished. The tentacular cirrus of the third segment reaches back to the 10th ch~etiger. The proboscis is retracted, but dissection shows an oral region with numerous small papillae and an aboral region with six rows of large wart- like papillae.

In front the dorsal cirri are roughly cordiform with very broad bases, and towards the end of the fragment they assume the subrectangular shape illustrated by Gravier. Moreover, towards the 50th ch~etiger they meet and overlap in the median line. The ventral cirri are long, their tips reaching to the articulation of the bristles. The feet and bristles correspond to Gravier's a c c o u n t .

In spite of the differences in the colour-markings, notably the presence of a conspicuous black spot in the middle of the dorsal cirri, this specimen probably belongs to Gravier's species.

Family Syllid~e. A utolytus laachycerus Augener.

Augener, 1913, p. 257, pl. ii. figs. 11 & 12, text-fig. 40 a-e.

Occurrencc.--Amoy, coll. Ping (1). Remarlcs.--A single specimen in poor condition, which

from the short and s tumpy form of the cirri I believe

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Polycba~ta from the Coast of China. 361

to belong to Augener's species. The tentacles and the first dorsal cirrus are less thick and clavate than Augener describes them, and I can see no bayonet-bristles. In other respects it agrees closely with Augener's account.

Family Nereidm.

Perinereis nuntia Savigny var. brevicirris Grube. Fauvel, 1919, p. 417, with synonymy.

Occurrence.--Chefoo, coll. Ping (1).

Nereis aibuhitensis Grube. Grube, 1878, p. 89, pl. v. fig. 3; Horst, 1924, p. 168, pl. xxxiii.

figs. 4-6.

Occurrence.--Foochow, coll. Ping (4); Chefoo, coll. Ping (2) ; Amoy, coll. Ping (4) and coll. Chen (2).

Remarks.--This is apparently a common species on the Chinese coast.~ The largest specimen measures 200 mm. by 5 ram. at the widest par t without the feet for about 170 chsetigers. Both Hors t and Grube at tr ibute this species to Perinereis, but this is doubtfully justifiable, as the paired paragnaths in Group VI. are not true transverse paragnaths. There is some variation in the paragnaths. Several specimens have three in Group VI. and three, and even five, are found in Group I. No proboscis is everted, and the division of Group III . into a median and two lateral series cannot be seen. Grou p III . appears to consist of a single trans- verse patch of paragnaths made up of about four rows.

The feet in these specimens vary greatly in appearance with the degree of contraction or expansion of the lamellse, which may be comparatively long, flattened, and triangular or short, thick, and almost globular. To what extent these differences are due to preservation I cannot tell. In a specimen in which the lamell~e of the feet are expanded, the dorsal cirrus is about two-thirds of the length of the triangular upper dorsal lamella; the lower dorsal lamella is of about the same length, but narrower. The notopodial ch~etal lobe is very httle developed. The neuropodial chaetal lobe extends well beyond that of the notopodium and has two asymmetrical lips. There is a narrow ventral lamella extending a little beyond the neuropodial lobe and a short ventral

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362 Mr. C. C. A. Monro on

cirrus. In the hinder region there is little change in the feet. The lamellm are considerably shorter, and there is a pale yellow gland in the upper dorsal lamella. The ventral cirrus is exceedingly short.

The notopodium has only homogomph spinigers. The upper part of the neuropodium has homogomph spinigers and a few heterogomph falcigers, and the lower part has heterogomph spinigers and heterogomph falcigers. The heterogomph falcigers are rather long, and are well illustrated by Horst. This author states that the noto- podium has heterogomph falcigers. In these specimens this is not the case. Horst 's figure of the 13th foot shows a curious lamella below the ventral cirrus. This I take to be an error, as there is no mention of it in the text, and it is certainly absent in the present specimens.

The body ends in a pair of long pygidial cirri. One of the specimens from Amoy is an epitocous male.

As in the normal atocous forms, the first two ch~etigers have only a single notopodial lamella and no notopodial bristle-bundle. The dorsal cirri of the first seven chmtigers are at their ends shaped rather like the head of a bird and the ventral cirri of these segments are some- what flattened. The epitocous change begins at the 20th ch~etiger, and not, as Horst states, at the 21st. Modification is not complete till about the 25th ch~etiger. Horst has a good figure of a modified foot.

Nereis oxypoda Marenzeller. Murenzeller, 1879, p. 120, pl. il. fig. 3 ; Izuka, 1912, p. 171, pl. xviii .

figs. 8-11.

Occurrence.--Amoy, coll. Chert (1) and coll. Ping (2). Remarks.--The specimen collected by Chen corresponds

exactly to Marenzeller's account. The other two show a marked variation in the arrangement of the para- gnaths. The groups of paragnaths described by Marenzeller and Izuka are present in both lots of specimens, but in the two examples collected by Ping the area of the proboscis adjoining the mouth has a circular band of about seven rows of paragnaths. This band runs all round the proboscis, but the paragnaths are thickest and largest dorsally. The round groups in VI. remain unchanged, and this additional band of paragnaths lies between the normal groups and the mouth. I t is, however, impossible

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Polychceta from the Coast of China. 363

to separate Groups VII. and VIII . from this additional band, for the latter forms a continuation of the former. The transverse band in VII. and VIII . merges into the additional band. And again the single paragnath in Group V. is, I believe, represented bythe paragnath in V., which is farthest from the mouth.

In the specimen collected by Chen the lamella above the dorsal cirri of the feet begins to show itself at the 13th ch~etiger. In the specimens with the modified paragnaths it begins at the 14th and 17th respectively. In other respects these specimens are typical.

Tylorrhynchus heterochvetus (Quatrefages). Gravier & Dantan, 1932, p. 671, figs. 1-3. Tylorrhynchus chinensis Grube, 1867, p. 22, pl. if. fig. 3. Ceratocephale osawai Izuka, 1903, p. 1, pls. i. & if. text-figs. I-8.

Occurrence.--Fooehow, coll. Ping (4); Amoy, coll. Chen (1).

Remarks.--All these specimens are anterior epitocous fragments.

Family Nephthydid~e. Nephthys sinensis Fauvel.

Fauvel, 1932 A, p. 536, fig. 1 a-c. Occurrence.--Amoy, coll. Chen (2). Remarks.--The larger of these two specimens is in

two pieces, which together measure 72 ram. by 3 mm. at the widest part without the feet for 110 chsetigers. The present specimens differ to some extent from those described by Fauvel. The anterior pair of tentacles is only about half the length of the posterior pair. The hinder limits of the prostomium (fig. 2, A) are not defined, but it appears to be pushed farther into the first ch~etiger than Fauvel shows it. The hinder pair of tentacles are set far back at the sides of the head and lie exactly below the ventral cirri of the first chmtiger ; they are about equal to them in length, and reach to the end of the head.

In the first ch~etiger there are dorsally two divergent ridges which I take to be nuchal organs, and behind them are visible in the smaller specimen a pair of brown, almost contiguous patches of pigment, which I take to be eyes. The proboscis is retracted, but as far as can be

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364 Mr. C. C. A. Monro on

seen from dissection it corresponds to Fauvel 's account. I do not see the groups of numerous minute proximal papillae.

In the middle and hinder regions there is a small scale-like lamella on the upper and hinder surface of the foot, near where it joins the body. This dorsal lameUa is more conspicuous than the homologous lamella on the ventral surface mentioned by Fauvel. In Fauvel 's specimen the small anterior dorsal lamella (fig. 2, B) was bilobed, and in these I can see only a single small triangular lobe. Moreover, the division of the hinder

Fig. 2.

A.

y

B.

Nephthys sinensis Fauve l .

A, h e a d ; B, an te r ior view of m i d d l e foot.

dorsal lobe into a rounded upper lobe and a lanceolate inferior lobe is not so clearly marked in these specimens as in Fauvel's.

The smaller conical lower lobe is divided only by a notch from the large upper lobe.

The ventral cirri are relatively rather broader, and have a well-defined notch on the lower surface. The ventral cirrus broadens out from before backwards in the front region. For the first few ch~etigers it is slender and subulate, but by about the 20th chzetiger it is foliate

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Polycha~ta from the Coast of China. 365

and remains so until the last few ch~etigers, where it once more loses its foliate shape.

Family Glycerid~.

Glycera onomichiensis Izuka. Izuka, 1912, p. 244, pl. xxiv. figs. 10-12.

Occurrence.--Amoy, coll. Chen (1). Remarks.--This species is characterized by the presence

in the feet (fig. 3) of two long, rather narrow, subequal anterior lips and two shorter, triangular, subequal posterior lips. The papillae on the proboscis are nearly all cylindrical with oblique finger-nail-like tops, similar to those of G. convoluta: among them there are a few large conical papillm. I see no gills. This species is

Fig. 3.

Glycera onomichiensis Izuka. Posterior view of middle foot.

close to G. convoluta, but differs in the greater develop- ment of the lower posterior lip of the foot.

Glycera chirori Izuka. Izuka, 1912, p. 245, pl. ii. fig. 8, pl. xxiv. fig. 13.

Occurrence.--Amoy, coll. Chen (1). Remarks.--This species is characterized by the pedM

lips being proximally rounded. They end in narrow triangular lappets. This lappet is absent from the lower posterior lip. The lips do not taper uniformly to the end, as in most Gtyeerids, but the lips begin as rounded lobes and the terminal lappets are pinched sharply off the rounded lobes (fig. 4). The anterior lips are subequal. The upper posterior lip is of the same form as the anterior

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366 Mr. C. C. A. Monro on

lips, but a little shorter; the lower posterior lip is rounded and lacks the terminal lappet.

The papillm of the proboscis are remarkably sparse. Izuka describes them as leaf-like. I find them somewhat amorphous, but the most frequent shape seems to be conical. Among them are a few larger and darker papillm, which appear sometimes conical and sometimes globular. There is a single unbranched retractile branchia on the anterior face of the foot.

The jaw-supports are triangular with a lateral pro; longation similar to that in G. convoluta.

I know of no other Glycerid in which the proximal part of the pedal lips is rounded and in which the papillm of the proboscis are so sparse.

Fig. 4.

Glycera chlrori Izuka. Anterior view of middle foot.

Glycera decipiens Marenzeller. Marenzelter, 1879, p. 140, pl. vi. fig. 3.

Occurrence.---Foochow, coll. Ping (1). Remarks.--One rather ill-preserved specimen, which

probably belongs here. The lower posterior lip of the foot is only indicated by a very small lobe, and is less developed than in any example that I have seen of G. rouxii, with which Izuka believes Marenzeller's species to be synonymous (v. G. goesi Malmgren, Izuka, 1912, p. 238). The papillae of the proboscis are both conical and globular. Both Izuka and Marenzeller state tha t the retractile gill is simple and undivided.

In the hinder region of the present specimen the gill appears to have two or three branches, but I am not sure that this is not a mak[ormation due to the tearing or fraying out of a single filament.

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_Polychceta from the Coast of China. 367

Family Eunicld~e.

Eunice gracilis (Crossland). Fauvel, 1932, p. 140, fig. 20 a-f.

Occurrence.--Amoy, coll. Chen (1). Remarks.--This is an anterior fragment with only

52 ch~etigers. I find it impossible to determine with certainty. I t is not very slender, for it measures 3 mm. in breadth without the feet. A unifilamentous gill appears at the 35th cheetiger. Comb-bristles are present. No subacicular bristles have appeared by the 52nd ch~etiger. The dental formula is 6 + 5 : 8 +4-10.

There is very little ground for separating this species from Eunice cariboa Grube.

Marphysa sanguinea (Montagu). Fauvel, 1923, p. 408, fig. 161 a-h.

Occurrence.--Amoy, coll. Chen (1).

Marphysa sinensis, sp. n.

Occurrence.---Amoy, coll. Chen (2). Description.--These specimens are incomplete posteriorly

and measure 2 mm. in width without the feet. The larger has a length of 45 mm. for 104 ch~etigers. The prosto- mium is rounded and undivided, as in M. bellii (fig. 5, A). There is a pair of orange eyes just behind the outer lateral tentacles. The median tentacle reaches back to the anterior border of the 2nd ch~etiger. The inner laterals a r e s l i g h t l y shorter, and the outer laterals are about two-thirds of its length. The buecal segment is about half as long again as the following segment. The branchiee (fig. 5, B) are large and pectinate with a maximum of 15 filaments. They begin on the 17th eh~etiger and end on the 29th and 31st respectively. The dorsal cirri in the anterior region are thickened proximally and subulate; in the postbranchial region they are very long and slender, being about equal to the length of two adjacent segments (fig~ 5, C). The ventral cirri in the front region are stout and conical, and in the post- branchial region they become digitiform and are about equal to the length of the foot. The pedal lobes are conical, and in the front region the hinder lip is produced into a large triangular lobe. ~he acicula are black, and

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Fig. 5.

A° B.

C.

D.

I

"05MN

"05MM

E.

05MM

I

F.

Marphysa sinen~is, sp. n.

A, head ; B, foot from branchial region ; C, foot from hinder region ; D, compound bristle with knife-like b lade; E, compound bristle with grooved t ip ; F, b identa te compound bristle from hinder region.

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On Polycha~ta from the Coast of China. 369

the subacicular bristles are bidentate, hooded, and show a sigmoid curve. They appear about the 35th chsetiger.

The dorsal bristles are slender limbate capillaries, and I can find no comb-bristles. In the anterior third of the body the ventral bristles are of two kinds, compound bristles with long knife-like appendages (fig. 5, D) and compound bristles with shorter and a little broader blades. The latter are not hooked and are without guards, but under a high magnification they show a distinct groove at the tip (fig. 5, E). In the postbranchial region the ventral bristles are compound bidentate hooks (fig. 5, F) of the usual type. The jaws are not distinctive. The dental formula is 7-7 : 8 +5-9 .

This species belongs to the group of Marphysas with an undivided prostomium and gills confined to the anterior region. I t is close to the European M. bellii, but is distinguished by the absence of comb-bristles and of bidentate compound bristles in the anterior region. Gravier's M. adenensis is also allied, but has no compound bristles with cultriform blades. M. sinensis may be identical with Grube's M. stragulum. The grounds of separation are that, if I understand rightly Grube's account, his M. stragulum has only one instead of two kinds of compound bristle in the anterior region. The anterior compound bristles described by him may be similar to the shorter type of compound bristle with a grooved tip in this species.

In its bristles this species has certain affinities with M. fallax Marion & Bobretzky, and with Eunice tubifex Crossland.

Lysidice collaris Grube. Augener, 1913, p. 286, with synonymy.

Occurrence.--Amoy, coll. Chen (1).

Diopatra dentata Kinberg. Augener, 1922, p. 37, figs. 8-8 b.

Occurrence.--Amoy, coll. Chen (2). Remarks.--I suspect that Diopatra Sugokai Izuka

is conspecific with D. neapolitana Delle Chiaje. In Kin- berg's species the comb-bristles have finer and more numerous teeth, but this properly constitutes only a varietal difference. In my opinion D. cuprea Bose

Ann. & Mag. 57. Hist. Ser. 10. Vol. xiii. 24

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370 Mr. C. C. A. Monro on

and D. dentata Kinberg should be treated as varieties of 1). neapolitana.

Onuphis eremita Audouin & Milne-Edwards. Fauvel, 1923, p. 414, fig. 163 a-l.

Occurrence.--Amoy, coll. Chen (1).

Lumbrinereis ocellata Grube (?). Grube, 1878, p. 169, pl. viii. fig. 6; Ehlers, 1920, p. 33, pl. il.

figs. 14-15.

Occurrence.--Amoy, coll. Chen (1). Remarks.--This fragment is doubtfully of Grube's

species. I t is massive for a Lumbrinereid, measuring 65 ram. by 5 ram. without the feet for 85 chmtigers. The head is a little more pointed than as figured by Grube, and resembles tha t of L. havaica Kinberg. This latter species is very close to Grube's. With Ehlers I can see no eyes. There are no compound bristles. For about the first 50 ch~etigers there are limbate capillaries only; there are then both capillary bristles and simple crochets. The feet are somewhat shrunken, and the posterior lips are not so prominent as Grube describes them. Moreover, within the limits of the fragment there is no evident increase in the length of t he lips in the hinder region. The jaws, with two teeth in M 3, are as described by Grube.

This specimen differs from Grube's description chiefly in the absence of eyes and in the relatively slight prominence of the posterior lip of the foot. Both these characters depend to some extent on the state of preservation of the material.

Family Cirratulid~e.

Audvuinia comosa (Marenzeller). Cirra tu lu8 co m o su s Marenzeller, 1879, p. 147, pl. vi. fig. 7.

Occurrence.--Chefoo, coll. Ping (3). Remarks.--The head is bluntly conical, and carries

a number of small diffuse eye-spots. The branchim begin on the first chmtiger and are continued over the greater part of the body. The tentacles arise on the 6th to 7th ch~etigers. The ventral ramus has about

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Polycheeta from the Coast of China. 371

five hooks posteriorly and the dorsal about three. Except that the head is more rounded and that the branehim arise almost directly above the dorsal bristle-bundle, I see nothing to separate this species from A. filigera (Delle Chiaje). I t is probably synonymous with Audouinia anchylochoeta Schmarda, of which Augener (1914, p. 53) gives a detailed study.

A udouinia dasylophia (Marenzeller) ~. Cirratulus dasylophius Mareazeller, 1879, p. 146, pl. vi. fig. 6.

Occurrence.--Amoy, coll. Chen (2). Remarks.--I have doubtfully at tr ibuted these specimens

to this species. Marenzeller gives paired branchim on the 2nd cheetiger and the tentacles on the 3rd and 4th. In these specimens the branchiae begin on the 1st chmtiger and the tentacles are on the 5th and 6th. The general

Fig. 6.

Audouinla dasylophia (MarenzeIler). Head and anterior end.

facies of these specimens is different from that of the examples of A. comosa. They are grey in colour instead of being pale brown in spirit. The prostomium is much more pointed and triangular (fig. 6). The segments are longer in relation to their width. The bristle-bundles are more conspicuous, and the tentacles are all spirally coiled. The bristles and the distance between the gills

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372 Mr. C. C. A. Monro on

and the dorsal bristle-bundles are similar in both lots of specimens.

I t is very possible that further material would show that the specimens from Chefoo at tr ibuted to A. comosa and the present specimens from Amoy are conspeeific, and that both belong to Schmarda's anchylochceta.

Family Spionidm.

Polydora ciliata (Johnston). Fauvel, 1927, p. 49, fig. 16 i -p ; 1932, p. 172.

Occurrence.--Amoy, coll. Chen (2).

Family Scalibregmid~e. Hyboscolex sp.

Occurrence.--Chefoo, coll. Ping (1). Remarks.--This specimen is pale yellow in colour, and

measures about 25 ram. by 2 mm. for 31 chmtigers. I t has

Fig. 7.

Hyboscolex sp. Head.

the usual hammer-shaped prostomium (fig. 7). I t has two pairs of eyes consisting of more or less parallel transverse bands of black ocular pigment. The anterior pair lies directly in front of the posterior. The bristles consist of simple capillaries and forked chmt~e. There are no ventral cirri in the hinder region.

Up to this point the present specimen agrees well with Hyboscolex longiseta Schmarda (v. Augener, 1918, p. 425), with which Augener identifies Lipobranchius capensis Willey, and with which I am inclined to regard Sclero- eheilus pacificus Moore (1909, p. 282) as being also conspecific. Moreover, I can see nothing but the shape of the eyes and possibly the colour-markings to

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Polychceta from the Coast of China. 373

distinguish H. longistea from Oncoscolex dicranochaztus Schmarda (v. Ehlers, 1904, p. 51). All the above accounts agree in describing the segments of the body as partly two-ringed and partly three-ringed.

In the present specimen the annulation of the segments is different. In the first two or three ch~etigers the ringing is not clear, but they are probably three-ringed ; there then follows an area consisting of about the next 10 ch~etigers, which are clearly three-ringed, and behind this the rest of the body is four-ringed.

Except in the annulation of the segments this specimen seems to be indistinguishable from Hyboscolex longiseta as interpreted by Augener.

Family 0pheliid~e.

Armandia leptocirris Grube. Fauvel , 1932, p. 190, wi th synonymy.

Occurrence.--Amoy, coll. Ping (12), coll. Chen (6). Remar]cs.--These specimens have between 38 and 39

ch~etigers, and are similar to those recorded by Fauvel from Krusadai Island. In the specimens collected by Ping the eyes can only be seen if the cuticle be removed.

Travisia chinensis Grube. Grube, 1869, p. 62 ; Augener, 1922 A, p." 38. Travisea olens, Ehlers , 1897, p. 98, pl. vi. figs. 162-163; Augener,

1922 A, p. 35 ; Benham, 1927, p. 123.

Occurrence.--Amoy, coll. Chen (1). Remarks.--This specimen measures 38 mm. by 5 ram.

at the widest part for 34 chsetigers. The change to the posterior region with the lateral lobes begins at the 15th ch~etiger.

There are nephridial orifices from tJhe 3rd to the 14th chsetiger. Those on the 7th to the 10th ch~etiger are large and conspicuous, the remainder are difficult to see. Lateral sense-organs are present on every segment. Single gills are found on all ch~etigers, except on the last two ; in the hinder region they are much reduced in size.

The lateral lobes of the hinder region .a~e flattened and triangular except towards the anus, W~ere they become

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37d Mr. C. C. A. Monro on

longer and more cylindrical. The anus is surrounded by seven processes; these are a triangular mid-ventral process and six cylindrical lobes surmounted each by a filiform papilla (fig. 8).

Augener (loc. cit. 1922) has made a revision of this very difficult genus. The Australian T. lithophila Kinberg is a larger species with 52 or 53 chmtigers; T. elongata Grube, from Samoa, is close to T. lithophila, but has 46 chmtigers. T. kerguelensis M'Intosh is close to T. olens, but is, I believe, a smaller species with only

Fig. ,~.

Travisia ct~inensi8 Grube. Ventral view of pygidium.

l0 or l l chmtigers in the hinder region. Augener believes them to be conspecific, but both Benham (loc. cit. 1927) and I (Monro, 1930, p. 167) are not convinced of this. I suspect T. kerguelensis of being the same as T. forbesii.

The present specimen is much closer to those described by Ehlers as T. olens from the Magellan region than it is to Grube's Chinese specimen, and I think Augener is right in uniting the two species. T. japonica Fujiwara is close to chinensis, but has 39 to 40 chretigers.

Family Maldanidve.

Clymene ( Euclymene ) insecta (Ehlers).

Clymenella insecta Ehlers, 1904, p. 54, pl. vi. figs. 16-19, pl. viii. figs. 1-5.

Clymene insecta Fauvel, 1932, p. 199.

Occurrence.--Amoy, coll. Chen (1). Remarks.--An anterior fragment measuring 42 mm.

by 3 ram. for I 1 ehretigers. So far as it goes, it corre- sponds exactly to Ehlers's and Fauvel 's accounts.

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Polychcela from the Coast of China. 375

Family Terebellidm. Thelepus thoracicus (Grube).

Gravier, 1906, p. 218, pl. iv. figs. 228-229, text-figs. 389-392; Augener, 1914, p. 98.

Occurrence.--Amoy, coll. Ping (2), coll. Chen (1); Chefoo, coll. Ping (1) ?

Remarks.--Of the specimens from Amoy, that collected by Chen has 120 ch~etigers and 45 notopodia ; those collected by Ping are incomplete posteriorly, have respectively 78 and 69 chsetigers, with 41 and 40 noto- podia. The specimen from Chefoo is a fragment of only 40 cheetigers, all with notopodia ; from the form of the hooks and of the neuropodia it probably belongs to this species. Th. japonicus Marenzeller, which is identical with Th. plagiostoma Schmard~, is not represented in the collection.

Neoleprea amoyensis, sp. n.

Occurrence.--Amoy, coll. Chen (1). Description.--The specimen measures 90 mm. without

the tentacles for about 150 ch~etigers. I t is without colour. There are two pairs of gills, ramifying from the base and richly branched (fig. 9, A). I see no eye-spots and no lateral flaps. The bristles begin on the 3rd seg- ment and there are 21 notopods. The tori begin on the 5th segment. The uncini are in single rows to the 10th segment, and in double rows from the l l t h to beyond the 100th chmtiger. I cannot discover the exact segment where the double rows end, but only the last 30 or 40 chmtigers have single rows of uncini. There are nephri- dial papillae on the 3rd segment and from the 6th to the 15th. There are 12 ventral gland-shields.

The dorsal bristles (fig. 9, B) are proximally bordered and have denticulated ends. The uncini (fig. 9, C) have two rows of teeth above the main fang and above these again some minute denticles. Apart from the denticles their formula seems to be 1 . 2 . 2 . 3 . 3 . 3 .

Remar]cs.--This species shows affinities both with N. streptochceta (Ehlers) and with N. japonica Hessle. I t agrees with Ehlers's species in the continuation of the double rows of hooks almost to the end of the body and with Hessle's species in the number of notopods,

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376 Mr. C. C. A. Monro o n

but it differs from them both in having continued to the 15th segment.

Fig. 9. A.

the nephridia

B.

J 'D~ [

Co

.l*a~

Neoleprea amoyensis, sp. n.

A, branchial region from below ; B, thoracic brist le ; C, thoracic hook.

Loimia medusa Savigny var. annulifilis Grube. Fauvel, 1932, p. 224.

Occurrence.--Amoy, coll. Chen (1), coll. Ping (1).

Family Sabellid~. Sabellastarte indica (Savigny).

Fauvel, 1932, p. 238, with synonymy.

Occurrence.--Amoy, coll. Chen (1).

Sabellastarte zebuensis (lVI'Intosh). Sabella zebuensis M'Intosh, 1885, p. 487, pl. lii. fig. 2, pl. xxix. A,

figs. 20--22. ~abellastarte zebuensis Johansson, 1927, p. 155. Sabe~lastart~ bocki Johansaon, 1927, p. 156.

Occurrence.--Amoy, coll. Ping (3), coll. Chen (1). lCemarks.--This is a smaller species than S. indica,

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Polychceta from the Coast of China. 377

the largest specimen measuring only 30 mm~ in length without the gills. I t is at once separable from S. indica because the collar does not extend to the dorsal surface, but ceases at the first bristle-bundles (fig. 10). Moreover, some of the thoracic bristles are more deeply bordered than is usual in S. indica. The only difference that I can see between Johansson's S. bocki and M'Intosh's species is that in Johansson's account, in addition to the wide colour-band rumn_ing round the branchial membrane, there are a number of colour-bands round the gills. In these specimens the gills are banded as in Johansson's account.

Fig. 10.

Sabellastarte zebuensis (M'Intosh). Dorsal view of anterior region.

Potamilla polyopthalmos (Grube). 8abdla polyopthalmos Grube, 1878, p. 247, pl. xv. fig. 2. Potamilla polyopthalmos Johansson, 1927, p. 148.

Occurrence.---Amoy, coll. Chen (2). Remarks.--The larger specimen measures 45 ram.

without the gills by 3 ram. Johansson gives 7 thoracic chmtigers and 14 branchial filaments on each side. These specimens have 8 thoracic ch~etigers and 24 filaments in each branchial lobe. Each filament carries between 10 and 15 eyes. According to Johansson his specimens had spatulate bristles in the abdomen. In these speci- mens the abdominal bristles are, as is usual in Potamilla, bordered and with long slender tips. I suspect that in Johansson's specimens the abdominal bristles may have been broken off just above the wings at their widest part.

This species is intermediate in size between the small P. ehlersi Gravier and the large P. myriops Marenzeller,

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378 Mr. C. C. A. Monro on

and the question is whether we are dealing with growth- stages of the same species. At present I believe that no conclusion is possible. Gravier figures for his species an abdominal bristle without wings, and these are not represented in the present specimens. Moreover, Gravier apparently regards some of his abdominal bristles as having a wing on one side only. In these specimens one wing is often concealed by that of the other side, but I believe that all the bristles are bilimbate.

Family Serpulid~e. Serpula granulosa Marenzeller.

Marenzeller, 1885, p. 215, pl. iv. fig. 1 a-c.

Occurrence.---Amoy, coll. Chen (1). Remarlcs.--A single t ightly coiled specimen measuring

2 mm. in breadth. I t agrees with Marenzeller's account. In the absence of a tube, which according to Marenzeller has only a single median ridge, the only difference that I can find between this species and S. vermicularis is in the shape of the hooks. Marenzeller's figures show the rectangular base and back, which are different from the more or less rounded corresponding structures in S. vermicularis. Moreover, the teeth are more prominent and perhaps not quite so numerous.

Protu~ sp.

Occurrence.--Amoy, coll. Chen (2). Remarl~s.--These two specimens are probably con-

specific. One is a young example measuring 35 mm. without the gills by 3 mm. in breadth ; the other is a fragment of a much larger individual and measures 6 ram. in breadth. Structurally I can find nothing to distinguish them from P. tubularia (Montagu). On the other hand, the larger specimen is accompanied by a small piece of tube 41 mm. in length with a diameter of 7 mm. This tube has clearly been attached to the substratum, and the side of at tachment is flattened. Consequently it is not circular in section as are the tubes of P. tubularia. Moreover, it has a kind of join in the middle unlike anything that I have seen in the tubes of Montagu's species. In other respects it resembles the tube of a tubularia.

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Polych~ta from the Coast of China. 379

R E F E R E N C E S .

AUOENER, H. 1913. " P o l y c h m t a . - - I . E r r an t i a . " Michaelsen, W., and Har tmeyer , R. : ' Die F a u n a Sfidwest-Australiens, ' vol. iv. pp. 65-304, pls. ii. & iii., 42 text-figs. 1914. " Polych~eta.--II . Sedentar ia ." Op. cir. vol. v. pp. 1-

170, pl. i., 19 text-figs. 1918. "Polycheeta ." Beitr~ge zur Kenn tn i s s des Meeres-

faunas West-Afrikas. Herausgeg. v. W. Michaelsen, vol. ii. (2), pp. 67-625, pls. ft.-vii. Hamburg . 1922. " Resul ts of Dr. E. MjSberg's Swedish Scientific Expe-

dition to Australia, 1910-1913.--32. Polychmten." Vet.-Ak. Handl . Stockholm, vol. lxii. no. 6, pp. 1-49, 10 text-figs. 1922 A. " Revision der austral ischen Polychaeten-Typen von

Kinberg ." Ark. Zool. Stockholm, vol. xiv. (8), 42pp. , l0 text-figs. BF~N~A~, W. B. 1927. " Polych~eta : Brit . Antare t . ' Terra Nova '

Exped. 1910." Nat. Hist . Report , Zool. vii. (2), pp. 47-182, 6 pls. EHLERS, E. 1897. "Po lychae t en . " H a m b u r g e r MagalhaenischeSam-

melreise. Hamburg , 148 pp., 9 pls. 1904. " Neuseel~ndische Ammlidem" Abh. Ges. G6ttingen,

vol. iii., 70 pp., 9 pls. 1920. " Polychaeten yon J a v a und Alnboina. E in Beitr~g

zur Kenntn i ss der Malaiischen S t r andfauna . " Op. cit. N . F . x . no. 7, pp. 1-73. pls. i.-iii.

FAUVEL, P. 1919. " Ann41ides Polych~tes de Madagascar, de Djibouti et du Golfe Persique." Arch. Zool. exp. gen. vol. lviii, pp. 315- 473, pls. xv.-xvii . , 12 text-figs. 1923. " Polych~tes er rantes ." Faune de France, vol. v. pp. 488,

181 figs. - - - . 1927. " Polych~tes s4dentaires." F a u n e de France, vo]. xvi.

pp. 494, 152 figs. 1932. " Annelida Polyeh~eta of the Ind i an Museum, Calcut ta ."

Mere. Ind ian Mus. vol. xii. no. 1, pp. 1-262, 9 pls. 1932 A. " Polych~tes nouvelles de Che-Foo (Chine)." Bull.

Mus. Paris, ser. 2, vol. iv. no. 5, pp. 536-538, 1 fig. GRAVIER, C. 1900. " Contr ibut ion h l%tude des Ann41ides Poly-

chutes de la Mer Rouge ." Nouv. Arch. Mus. Hist . Nat. Paris, (4) vol. ii. pp. 137-282, pls. ix .-xiv. ; and 1901, op. cir. vol. iii. pp. 147-268, pls. vii .-x. ; and 1906, op. cir. vol. viii. pp. 123-236, 8 pls., text-figs. 206-409, 2 maps.

- - - , & DANTAN, J. n . 1932. " Sur le Palolo J a p o n a i s " [Tylor- rhynchus heterochwtus (de Quatrefages) = Tylorrhynchus chinensis Grube:Ceratocephale osawai (Izuka)]. Bull. Mus. Paris, ser. 2, vol. iv. no. 6, pp. 671-677, 1 fig.

GIn:BE, E. 1867. " Reise der Fregut te ' Novara . ' " Zool. Thiel. vol. ii., Anneliden, pp. 45, 4 pls. 1869. " Familie der Opheliaceen." J . -B. Schles. Ges. Breslau,

1868, pp. 59-68. 1878. " A n n u l a t a Semper i ana : Beitr~ge zur Kenntn i ss der

Anneliden F a u n a der Phi l ippinen." M4m. Acad. Sci. St. Peters- bourg, (7) vol. xxv. no. 8, ix. 300 pp., 15 pls.

HORST, R. 1912. " Polychmta er rant ia ." ' S iboga ' Exped. Men. vol. xxiv. a, 43 pp., l0 pls. ; and 1917, op. cir. vol. xxiv. b, 143 pp., pls. xi . -xxix. ; and 1924, op. cir. vol. xxiv. c, pp. 145- 198, pls. xxx . -xxxv i .

IZUKA, A. 1903. " Observat ions on the J apanese Palolo, Cerato- cephale osawai, n. sp . " J . Coll. Sci. Tokyo, vol. xvii. (11), 37 pp., 2 pls. 1912. " The Er ran t i a t e Polych~eta of J a p a n . " Op. cit.

vol. xxx. (2), 251 pp., 24 pls.

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JOHANSSO~, K . E . 1927. " Bei t rago zur K e n n t n i s s der Polyeh~eton- Fami l i en Hermellid~e, Sabellidm trod Serpul idm." Zool. B id rag , Uppsa l a , xL 184 pp. , 5 pls. ,15 text-f igs.

M'INTOS•, W. C. 1885. " R e p o r t on t he A n n e l i d a P o l y c h m t a col- lec ted by H.M.S. ' C h a l l e n g e r ' du r i ng t he Yea r s 1873-1876." ' Chal lenger ' Rep . , Zool. vol. xii., 554 pp. , 94 pls.

M~ENZELLER, E. VOW. 1879. " S t i d j a p a n i s c h e Anne l i den . " Denks . K . Akad . Wiss . Vienna , vol. xli. pp. 109-154, pls. i . -v i . ; a n d 1885, op. cit. vol. xl lx. pp. 197-224, pls. L- iv .

M o ~ o , C. C. A. 1930. " Po lychmte W o r m s . " ' D i s c o v e r y ' Reps . vol. ii., 222 pp. , 91 text-f igs .

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SEIDL~R, H . J . 1924. " Bei t rgge zur K e n n t n i s s der P o l y n o i d e n . - - I . " Arch . Na tu rge s . lxxx ix . Abt . A, He f t xi. , pp . 217, 22 text-f igs .

XXXII.--Otolith8 of Fishes from the Lower Tertiary For- mations of Southern England.--II. Percomorphi. By G. ALLAH FROST, F.L.S., F.G.S.

[Pla te XIV. ]

Order PERCOMORPHI .

Suborder P E ~ C O I D E A .

Otolithus (Dentex) pulcher, sp. n. (P1. XIV. fig. ~.)

Shape ovate, outer side concave, inner side convex; dorsal rim irregular, pointed; ventral rim curved, serrated, forming an angle with the oblique serrated posterior r im; anterior rim obtuse, small ; rostrum present in the specimen described, other examples without rostrum.

Sulcus horizontal ; upper angle rounded and placed anteriorly to the sharp lower angle; ostium distended, opening on the anterior r im; cauda long, with sharply curved end. A crista and a narrow depression are present above the cauda, and below the sulcus a fine groove extends from the rostrum to the end of the cauda, with furrows from it to the ventral rim.

Resembles that of the Recent species Dentex macro- phthalmus *, but differs in the dorsal rim and in the forwardly placed upper angle of the sulcus.

* J . Sanz Echever r ia , " Inves t igac iones sobre otol i tos de Espa f i a , " Bo le t in de la Rea l Soe iedad Espaf io la de Hi s to r i a .Na tu ra l , t. x x x . pp. 17,5-178, pl. i. fig. 3 (Madrid, 1930).

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