Yojana (Malayalam) February, 2016 Price Rs.10/- RNI No.22588/72 Postal Regn.KL/TV(S)/29/2015-17Licensed to post without pre-payment : KL/TV(S)/WPP/172/2015-17

Published on 1st February 2016

C¥ym Kh-s◊‚ns‚ ]ªn-t°-j≥kv Unhn-j-\p-th≠n AUo-j-W¬ Ub-d-IvS¿ P\-d¬ tUm. km[\m dmhpXvFkv.-_n. {] v (ss{]-h-‰v) enan-‰-Un¬ A®-Sn®v Xncp-h-\-¥-]p-csØ Kh. {] v tdmUn-ep-≈- tbm-P\Hm̂o-kn¬ \n∂v {]km-[\w sNøp-∂Xv.

Nôv FUn-‰¿ ̨ Zo]nI I®¬, ko\n-b¿ FUn-‰¿ ̨ [\y k\¬ sI.

ŝ{_p-hcn 2016 Hcp hnI-k\ ]{XnI 10

k¿hm-tcm-Kyw kºq¿W kuJywtZiob Btcm-Ky-\bw Ime-L-́ -ß-fn-eqsSsP hn B¿ {]kmZv dmhp

F√m-h¿°pw BtcmKyw: Hcp A¥m-cmjv{S ]cn-t{]£ywkp̀mjv i¿Ω

BtcmKy t_m[-h-XvI-cWw t\cn-Sp∂ sh√p-hn-fn-IƒtUm. kRvPohv Ipam¿

BtKmf BtcmKy ]cn-c-£bpw kpÿnc hnI-k\ e£y-ßfpwtUm. N{µ-Im¥v elm-cnb

tUm. Àbv _mMv

t̂m°kvBZn-hmkn taJ-e-bnse BtcmKy ]cn-]m-e\w

{]tXyI teJ\wBtcmKyhpw kpÿnc hnI-k-\hpw

sI. {io\mYv sdÕn

{]tXyI teJ\wBtcmKyhpw kpÿnc hnI-k-\hpw

sI. {io\mYv sdÕn

hnI-k\ hoYn

]ƒkv t]mfntbm b⁄w ˛ 2016 cmjv{S-]Xn DZvLm-S-\w -sNbvXp

tZiob {]Xn-tcm[ IpØn-hbv]p Zn\-amb P\p-hcn 17\v cmjv{S-]-Xn-̀ -h-\n¬ \S∂ NS-ßn¬

h®v A©p hb-kn\p Xmsg {]mb-ap≈ Ip™p-߃°v t]mfntbm Xp≈n acp∂p \evIns°m≠v

2016 se ]ƒkv t]mfntbm b⁄w cmjv{S-]Xn DZvLm-S\w sNb-Xp. t]mfntbm \n¿Ωm¿÷\

]cn-]m-Sn-bpsS `mK-ambn C¥y Kh¨sa‚ v cmPysØ GI-tZiw 17.4 tImSn-tbmfw Ip™p-

߃°v t]mfntbm Xp≈n acp∂v \evIp-I-bp-≠m-bn. cmPyØv AΩ-am-cp-sSbpw \h-Pm-Xn-in-ip-

°-fp-sSbpw sS‰v\kv \n¿Ωm¿÷\ ]≤Xn 2015 sabv amk-Øn¬ ]q¿Øn-bm-°n-s°m≠v C¥y

BtKm-f-X-e-Øn¬ {i≤ ]nSn-®p-]-‰p-I-bp-≠m-bn. 2015 Unkw-_-dntebv°v e£y-an´ BtKm-f-

t\´amWv cmPyw ap≥Iq´n ssIh-cn-®-Xv. CXn-eqsS Ncn-{X-]-c-amb t\´amWv Btcm-Ky-ta-J-e-

bn¬ cmPyØn\v AS-bm-f-s∏-Sp-Øm≥ km[n-®-Xv. tZiob Xe-Øn¬ t]mfntbm {]Xn-tcm-[--

Øn\v AXoh Pm{K-X-tbm-sS-bmWv cmPyw {]h¿Øn-°p-∂Xv. temIm-tcmKy kwL-S-\-bpsS

am¿KtcJ {]Imcw C¥y-bnepw ]m°n-ÿm≥, A v̂Km-\n-ÿm≥, ss\Po-cn-b, Ima-dq¨,- kn-

dnb, FtXym-∏n-b, skmam-en-b, sI\nb F∂o F v́ cmPy-ß-fneqsSbpw k©-cn-°p∂ F√m

bm{X-°m-¿°pw t]mfntbm {]Xn-tcm[ IpØn-hbv]v \n¿_-‘-am-°n-bn-́ p-≠v. bm{X-°msc ]cn-

tim-[m-\m- hn-t[-b-am-°m\pw t]mfntbm sshd-kns‚ km∂n[yw Is≠-Øp-∂-Xn-\pambn ASn-

b-¥nc {]Xn-I-cW ]≤Xn {]Imcw kwÿm-\-ß-fnepw tI{μ-̀ -cW {]tZ-i-ß-fnepw {ZpX-

I¿Ω tk\sb cq]o-I-cn-®n-´p-≠v. Ip´n-Iƒ°v Cc´n kwc£ \evIp-∂-Xn-\pw t]mfntbm

\n¿Ωm¿÷\ e£y-߃ t\Sp-∂-Xn-\p-ambn km[m-cW {]Xn-tcm[ ]≤-Xn-bmb Xp≈n acp-

∂n-s\m∏w C¥ym Kh¨sa‚ v IpØn-h--bv°m-hp∂ C≥-B-IvSn-th-‰Uv t]mfntbm hmIvkn≥

(C≥sP-Iv‰-_nƒ C≥ BIvSn-th-‰Uv t]mfntbm hmIvkn≥, -IVP) IqSn 2015 \hw-_¿ 30 apX¬

\evIn hcp-∂p. Akmw, KpP-dm-Øv,- ]-©m-_v,- _n-lm¿, -a-[y-{]-tZ-iv,- D-Ø¿{]-tZiv F∂o

Bdp kwÿm-\-ß-fn-emWv BZy-L-́ -Øn¬ CXv Bcw-̀ n-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xv.

Ãm¿ v́ A]v C¥y kwcw`w {][m-\-a-{¥n DZvLm-S\w sNbvXp. Ãm¿ v́ A∏p-Isf

t{]m’m-ln-∏n-°p-∂-Xn-\p≈ {]h¿Ø\ ]≤Xn°pw XpS-°-am-bn.

C¥ybnse Ãm¿ v́ A]v kwcw`߃ 2016 P\p-hcn 17 \v {][m-\-a{¥n DZvLm-S\w sNbvXp.

Ãm¿ v́ A∏p-Iƒ°mbn 10000 tImSn-bpsS klmb [\w \o°n hbv°p-∂-Xmbn B£≥ πm\nse

{][m\ ]≤-Xn-Iƒ hni-Zo-I-cn-°th {][m-\-a{¥n {]Jym-]n®p. BZysØ aq∂p h¿jw Ãm¿ v́

A∏p-Isf BZmb \nIp-Xn-bn¬ \n∂v Hgn-hm-°n-bn-́ p-s≠∂pw At±lw hy‡-am-°n.Ãm¿´v

A∏p-I-fpsS t]‰‚ v ^okn\v 80 iX-am\w kuP\yw A\p-h-Zn-°pw.

]pI-bne D]-t`mKw Ipd-bv°m≥ "Fw skt -j≥'

]pI-bne D]-tbm-K- ZpioeØn¬ \n∂p ap‡n t\Sp∂Xn\v klm-b-I-ambn cq]-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-

´p≈ sFSn kt¶-X-amWv Fw skt -j≥. Hcp sl¬]v sse≥ cq]-Øn-emWv CXv {]h¿Øn-

°p-I. Xmev]-cy-ap-≈-h¿ t]cp-Iƒ c-Pn-ÿ sNøWw. AXn\p ankvUv Imƒ \evIn-bm¬ aXn.

Iu¨kn-enwMv ]c-kv]-c-ap≈ Fkv Fw Fkv hgn-bmWv \S-°p-I.

hnI-k\ hoYn

In¬°cn: {]k-h, inip-]-cn-]m-e\ hnh-c-߃ C\n {ihy-cq-]-Øn¬

samss_¬t^m¨ hgn-bp≈ Cu tkh-\-ØneqsS K¿ -̀[m-c-Ww, Ip™p-ß-fpsS P\-\w, inip

kwc-£Ww XpS-ßnb hnj-b-ßsf Ipdn-®p≈ t^m¨ ktμ-i-߃ Bgv® tXmdpw e`n-°pw.

aZ¿ B≥Uv ssN¬Uv {Sm°nwMv knÃ-Øn¬ t]cv cPn-ÿ sNbvXn-́ p≈ F√m K¿`n-Wn-

Iƒ°pw AΩ-am¿°pw Ah-cpsS K¿`m-h-ÿ, Ip™ns‚ hf¿® XpS-ßnb hnj-b-߃ kw_-

‘n®v Bgv® tXmdpw ktμ-i-߃ e`n-°pw. K¿ -̀[m-c-W-Øns‚ \memw Bgv® apX¬ Ip™n\v

Hcp hbkv BIp-∂Xp hsc CØ-c-Øn-ep≈ 72 ktμ-i-߃ apS-ßmsX FØpw. Hcp ktμiw

icm-icn c≠p an\n-‰m-Wv. Cu ktμ-i-߃ amXr inip BtcmKyØn\v A\p-Iq-e-amb kml-

N-cy-߃ Hcp-°p-∂-Xn\v kv{XoI-sfbpw amXm-]n-Xm-°-sfbpw t_m[-h-Xv°-cn-°p-Ibpw im‡o-

I-cn-°p-Ibpw sNøpw. Cu tkh\w kuP-\y-am-Wv. BZy L -́Øn¬ Pm¿°-WvUv, HUn-j,

DØ¿{]tZ-iv, DØ--cm-J-WvUv,- a-[y-{]-tZ-iv, cmP-ÿm≥ F∂o Bdp kwÿm-\-ß-fnemWv \S-

∏m-°p-I. lnμn, Cw•n-jv,- H-Unb F∂o `mj-I-fn-emWv ktμ-i-߃ cq]-I-ev]\ sNbvXn-cn-

°p-∂-Xv. ]n∂oSv CXv F√m C¥y≥ `mj-I-fn-tebv°pw ]cn-̀ m-j-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xm-Wv. samØw

c≠p tImSn K¿`n-Wn-Iƒ°pw K¿`ÿ inip-°ƒ°pw CXv {]tbm-P-\-I-c-amIpw F∂mWv

Icp-X-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv.

ASHA thmf‚n-tb-gvkn-\mbn "samss_¬ A°m-Zan'

Bi h¿°¿amsc samss_¬ t^mWp-Iƒ D]-tbm-Kn-t°-≠Xv ]Tn-∏n-°p-∂Xn-\mbn cq]-I-

ev]\ sNbvXn-́ p-≈-XmWv Cu Bπn-t°-j≥. Hcn-°¬ cPn-ÿsN-bvXm¬ 240 an\n-‰p≈ Cu

tImgvkn¬ Ah¿°v samss_¬ t^mWn-eqsS Xs∂ ]T\w XpS-ßmw. ]T\w kuIcyw t]mse

]q¿Øn-bm-°n-bm¬ aXn. \mep ]mT-ß-fp≈ 11 A[ym-b-ß-fmWv ]mTy-]-≤-Xn. Hmtcm A[ym-

b-ß-fp-sSbpw Ah-km-\-Øn¬ Iznkv ]cn-]m-Sn-bp-≠v.-\n-›nX am¿°p hmßn hnP-bn-°p∂ Bi-

thmf‚n-tb-gvkn\v Kh¨sa‚ns‚ k¿´n-̂ n-°‰v e`n-°pw.

]pXp-°nb tZiob £b-tcmK \n¿Ωm¿÷\ ]≤Xn

IqSp-X¬ tcmKn tI{μo-Ir-X-amIpw.

CXn-\mbn {]h-¿-Øn-°p∂ tSmƒ {^o \º-cmb 1800 ˛ 11 ˛ 6666 tcmKn-Iƒ°v 24 aWn-°qdpw

Iu¨kn-enMv Dƒs∏-sS-bp≈ tkh\w \¬Ipw. ]cn-io-e\w t\Sn-bn-́ p≈ Bfp-Iƒ tkh\w

\S-Øp∂ Cu tImƒ sk‚-dp-Isf ]≤-Xn-bpsS tI{μ-hp-ambn _‘n-∏n-®n-́ p-≠v. sk‚-dn-tebv°v

ankvUv tImƒ \evIn-bm¬ NnIn’m-kw-_-‘-amb F√m hnh-c-ßfpw Cu tZiob tI{μ-Øn¬

\n∂p e`n-°pw. ]©m-_v, lcn-bm-\, OWvUnK-Uv, U¬ln F∂o kwÿm-\-ß-fn-emWv BZyw

Cu tI{μØns‚ tkh-\-߃ e`n-°p-I.

3tbmP\s^{_p-hcn 2016

ae-bmfw ]Xn∏v : ‰n.kn 25/139, Kh-s◊‚ v {]kv tdmUv, Xncp-h-\-¥-]pcw ˛ 695 001. t^m¨ : 0471 ˛ 2323826

C -̨sa-bn¬ : yojanamal50@yahoo.co.in

sh_vssk‰v : www.yojana.gov.in

C -̨sa-bn¬ : yojanace@gmail.com

hcn-kwJy/_nkn-\kv kw_-‘-amb hnh-c-߃°v : pdjucir@gmail.com

Bkq-{X-Whpw hnI-k-\hpw e£y-am°n ae-bm-fw, Cw•o-jv, lnμn, _wKm-fn, Xan-gv, Ak-an-b, adm-Tn, sXep-¶v, KpP-dm-Øn, Ddp-Zp,

]©m-_n, I∂-S, Hdnb F∂o 13 `mj-I-fn¬ {]kn-≤o-I-cn-°p-∂-Xv.

Cw•ojv tbmP-\-bpsS hcn-kwJym kw_-‘-amb At\z-j-W-߃°v Fgp-tX≠ hnemkw:

_nkn-\kv amt\-P¿ (k¿°p-te-j≥ B‚ v AUz¿ssS-kvsa‚ v) ]ªn-t°-j≥kv Unhn-j≥, dqw \w. 48˛53, kqN\m `h≥, knPnH

tImwπ-Ivkv, tem[n tdmUv \yqU¬ln 110 003

hcn-kwJy: Hcp h¿jw 100/˛, c≠p- h¿jw 180/-̨ , aq∂p h¿jw 250/˛

tbmP-\-bn¬ A®-Sn®p hcp∂ teJ-\-ß-fnse A`n-{]mbw teJ-I-cp-tS-Xm-bn-cn°pw; Ah k¿°m-cn-t‚-Xm-I-W-sa-∂n-√. ]c-ky-ß-

fpsS D≈-S-°-Ønepw tbmP-\bv°v DØ-c-hm-Zn-Ø-an-√.

tbmP-\-bpsS Dt±iyw hnI-k-\-Øns‚ ktμiw \msSßpw FØn-°p-I-bm-Wv. ]t£ CXn¬ HutZym-KnIm`n-{]m-b߃°p am{X-a√

ÿm\w \evI-s∏-Sp-I. P\m-̀ n-em-j-ß-fp-sSbpw ss\cm-iy-ß-fp-sSbpw IÆmSn IqSn-bm-Wv tbmP-\.

Ih¿ : Pn.-]n. t[ms]

s^{_p-hcn 2016 hmeyw 44 e°w 7

No v̂ FUn-‰¿:

Zo]nI I®¬

Cu e°-Øn¬

ae-bmfw ]Xn∏v

ko\n-b¿ FUn-‰¿:

[\y k\¬ sI.

FUn-‰¿ C≥ Nm¿Pv:

sP. atljv Ipam¿

k¿hm-tcmKywkºq¿W kuJyw

4tbmP\

s^{_p-hcn 2016

teJ-\-߃ £Wn-bv°p∂p

kºZv hyh-ÿ, Btcm-Ky, hnZym-̀ ym-k, kmaq-ly-t£a

taJ-e-I-fnse {]h-W-X-Iƒ F∂nh ÿnXn-hn-hc

IW-°p-I-tfmsS hni-I-e\w sNøp∂

teJ-\-߃hnZ-Kv≤-cn¬\n∂pw Kth-jW hnZym¿∞n-I-fn¬\n∂pw

£Wn-°p-∂p

hnemkw:]{Xm-[n-]¿, tbmP-\, Kh. {] v tdmUv, Xncp-h-\-¥-]pcw 695 001

C -̨sa-bn¬ :

yojanamal50@yahoo.co.in

5tbmP\s^{_p-hcn 2016

k¿hm-tcmKyw kºq¿W kuJyw

7 tZiob BtcmKy \bw Ime-L-́ -ß-fn-eqsS

sP.-hn.B¿. {]kmZv dmhp

10 F√m-h¿°pw BtcmKyw: Hcp A¥m-cmjv{S ]cn-t{]£yw

tUm. kp`mjv i¿Ω

16 BtcmKy t_m[-h-XvI-cWw t\cn-Sp∂ sh√p-hn-fn-Iƒ

tUm. kRvPohv Ipam¿

20 BtKmf BtcmKy ]cn-c-£bpw kpÿnc hnI-k\ e£y-ßfpw

tUm. N{μ-Im¥v elm-cnb

23 F®v.-sF.-hn. \nhm-cW ZuXyw: Hcp hnI-k\ hnPb amXrI

A¬°m \mcw-Kv, Gbv©em Nu[cn

26 t^m°kv

BZn-hmkn taJ-e-bnse BtcmKy ]cn-]m-e\w

tUm. A`bv _mMv

30 Btcm-Ky-̀ m-c-XØns‚ ASn-ÿm\ ine-Iƒ

aocm an{i

33 {]tXyI teJ\w

Btcm-Kyhpw kpÿnc hnI-k-\hpw

sI. {io\mYv sdÕn

37 "F√m-h¿°pw BtcmKyw' C¥y-bn¬: Hcp {]mtbm-KnI hni-I-e\w

tUm. a\ojv Ipam¿

40 `n∂-ti-jn-°m-cpsS hnI-k\w

tUm. \μ-Ip-am¿ \mb¿

44 BtcmKy C≥jp-d≥kv taJ-e-bpsS {]m[m\yw

A`n-emjv ]n.-B¿.

49 \K-cm-kq-{XWw: sNss∂ {]fbw \¬Ip∂ ]mT-߃

tUm. Xmc sI.-Pn.

54 \n߃°-dn-bmtam?

D≈S°w� s^{_p-hcn 2016 �hmeyw 44 �e°w Ggv

6tbmP\

s^{_p-hcn 2016

tZiob hnI-k\ e£y-ß-fn¬ {]Yaw BtcmKywtZiob BtcmKy \bw (1983) \S-∏m-°n-b-Xn-eq-sS-bmWv F√m-h¿°pw BtcmKyw F∂ {]Jym-]\w

C¥ym Kh¨sa‚ns‚ s]mXp \b- ]cn-]m-Sn-bmbn amdn-bXv. BtcmKy]q¿W-amb cmPy-Øn-\mbn \mw

sNe-h-gn-°p∂ ]W-Øn\v B\p-]m-Xn-I-ambn kXv̂ -e-߃ \ap°p≠mhWw. kmº-ØnI hf¿®bpw

P\-ß-fpsS sa®-s∏´ Btcm-Kyhpw XΩn¬ i‡-amb _‘w D≠v F∂v hnZ-Kv[¿ Xs∂ kΩ-Xn-®n-́ p-

≈-Xm-Wv. AsXmcp BZm\ {]Zm\ _‘-am-Wv. Kpcp-X-c-amb tcmK-ß-fp≈ P\-Xbv°v Hcn-°epw cmjv{S-

Øns‚ hnI-k\ {]{In-b-bn¬ ]¶m-fn-I-fm-Im≥ km[n-°n-√. adp-h-iØv BtcmKy kpÿn-c-X-bn-√mØ

Hcp cmjv{S-Øn\v hnI-k\ e£y-ß-fn¬ I\Ø Xncn-®-Sn-I-ƒ D≠m-hp-Ibpw sNøpw.

Btcm-Ky-]-cn-]m-e-\w P\-ß-fn-tebv°v FØn-°p-∂Xn-\p≈ Xmt°m¬ LSIw F∂p ]d-bp-∂Xv AXn-

\p e`y-am-°p∂ kmº-ØnI klmbw Xs∂. cmPysØ G‰hpw henb s]mXp-P-\m-tcmKy tkh\

kwhn-[m\w \S-Øn-s°m≠p t]mIp∂Xp Kh¨sa‚p Xs∂bmsW-¶nepw P\-kw-Jy-bpsS hen-b- i-X-

am\w ]te Imc-W-߃ sIm≠v NnIn-’bv°pw a‰pw kzImcy taJ-esb B{i-bn-°m≥ \n¿_-‘n-X-cm-

Ip-∂p. tcmK NnIn’ CS-Ø-c-°m¿°pw Xmgv∂ hcp-am-\-°m¿°pw C∂v G‰hpw sNe-th-dnb H∂mbn

amdn-bn-́ p-≠v. AXp-sIm≠p Xs∂ {]mY-anI BtcmKy ]cn-]m-e\ tkh\w sa®-s∏-Sp-Øm-\p≈ ]cn-{iaw

Kh¨sa‚ v XpS-cp-tºmgpw, kzImcy taJ-ebpsS- tk-h\w X≈n-°-f-bp-∂n-√. C¥y t]mse hnim-e-amb

cmPyØv c≠p taJ-e-Ifpw kl-I-cn-®p-sIm-≠p≈ Hcp BtcmKy ]cn-]m-e\ kwhn-[m-\ \b-am-bn-cn°pw

KpW-{]Zw. AXn-eqsS am{Xsa cmPy-Øns‚ hnZq-c-amb P\-]-Y-ß-fn¬ BtcmKy tkh-\-߃ FØn-

°m≥ km[n-°p-I-bp-≈p. kzImcy taJ-esb ^e-{]-Z-ambn ]s¶-Sp-∏n-®p-sIm≠v s]mXp-P\ BtcmKy

hnI-k\ e£y-߃ ssIh-cn°p-∂-Xn-\p≈ am¿§-amWv BtcmKy C≥jp-d≥kv taJ-e. BtcmKy C≥jp-

d≥kn-eqsS NnIn-’bv°v Bh-iy-amb ]Ww e`y-am-°m≥ Kh¨sa‚ v IrXy-amb kwhn-[m\w Bkq-

{XWw sNø-Ww. Btcm-Ky-\bw 2015 IcSv C°m-cy-Øn¬ ap≥ \b-ß-fn¬ kw -̀hn® ]ng-hp-Iƒ Xncp-

Øm≥ {ian-®n-́ p-≠v. km[m-cW IpSw-_-Ønse GsX-¶nepw AwK-Øns‚ NnIn’bv°mbn th≠n hcp∂

henb kmº-ØnI `mcw B IpSp-_-Øns‚ F√m hn -̀h-ßfpw tNm¿Øn sIm≠p t]mhp-Ibpw, Ahsc

\nXy Zmcn-{Zy-Øn-tebv°pw h≥- E-W-_m-[y-Xbntebv°pw X≈n hnSp-Ibpw sNøp∂p. AXn-\m¬ BtcmKy

\bw {i≤n-t°-≠Xv km¿h-{XnI BtcmKy ]cn-c-£-bv°p≈ Icp-X-en-em-Wv. AXm-bXv ]mh-s∏-́ -h¿°pw

]m¿iz-h-Xv°-cn-°-s∏-́ -h¿°pw Bh-iy-ambnh-cp∂ sshZy ]cn-tim-[\-Iƒ, acp-∂p-Iƒ, kmº-ØnI

klmbw XpS-ßnb Imcy-߃ henb ap≥K-W\ A¿ln-°p-∂p.

BZn-hm-kn-Iƒ, Iuam-c-°m¿, bph-P-\-߃, hS-°p-In-g°v {]hniy-bnse kv{XoIƒ F∂n-h¿°v BtcmKy

tkh-\-߃ ^e-{]-Z-ambn e`y-am-°pI F∂-XmWv as‰mcp sh√p-hn-fn. BZn-hmkn taJ-e-bnse BtcmKy

tkh\Øn\v hyXy-kvX-amb kao-]-\-amWv Bh-iyw. AXv tKm{Xh¿K tI{μo-IrX-am-bn-cn-°Ww. CXn\v

B taJ-e-bnse P\-ß-fpsS kl-I-c-Whpw im‡o-I-c-Whpw ]q¿W-ambn Dd-∏m-t°-≠-Xp-≠v. IqSmsX

Bi-b-hn-\n-a-bØneqsS Ah-cpsS BtcmKy km£-c-Xm \n-e-hmcw Db¿Øn Ah-cpsS hn⁄m-\-]-chpw

ioe-]-c-hp-amb am‰ØneqsS Cu {]Xn-k‘n X{¥-]-c-ambn XcWw sNø-Ww.

[\z-¥-cn-bp-sSbpw Nc-I-s‚bpw ip{ip-X-s‚bpw AXn kº-∂-amb sshZy ip{iqjm ]mc-ºcyw kz¥-

am-bp≈ cmPy-amWv C¥y. h¿j-ß-fmbn Kh¨sa‚ v Cu ]mc-º-cy-߃ hnhn[ ]≤-Xn-I-fn-eqsS

XpS¿∂p hcp-∂p. {]mY-anI BtcmKy tkh-\-w i‡-am-°p-I, Cu taJ-e-bnse Poh-\-°m-cpsS FÆw

h¿[n-∏n-°pI F∂-XmWv Ct∏m-gsØ Bhiyw. kzImcy taJ-esb h≥tXm-Xn¬ B{ibn°mØ coXn-

bn¬ thWw \b-cq-]o-I-c-Ww. i‡-amb \nb-a-߃ hgn kzm¿∞ Xmev]-cy-߃ \nb-{¥n-°p-Ibpw

thWw.

Btcm-Ky-w kºØv ˛ \mw Ft∏mgpw D]-tbm-Kn-°p∂ B]vX-hm-Iy-am-Wv. ImcWw Btcm-Ky-ap≈

hy‡n kz¥w Imcy-Ønepw IpSpw-_mw-K-ß-fpsS Imcy-Ønepw, cmPy-Øns‚ Imcy-Ønepw _≤-{i-≤-

\m-bn-cn-°pw. Btcm-Ky-ap≈ P\-k-aq-l-amWv t\´ßfpw, hnI-k-\e£y-ßfpw ssIh-cn-°p-I, C¥ysb

Du¿÷-kz-eam°n \ne-\n¿ØpI.

]{Xm-[n-]-°p-dn∏v

7tbmP\s^{_p-hcn 2016

tZiobBtcm-Ky-\bwIme-L-´-ß-fn-eqsS

sP.-hn.-B¿ {]kmZv dmhp

Ign™ Bdv Zi-I-߃°nsS C¥y-bnsetZiob BtcmKy `c-W-cw-KØv {]Jym-]n® aq∂m-

asØ IcSv tZiob BtcmKy \b-amWv 2014 ¬

D≠m-b-Xv. A¬am B‰m {]Jym-]-\--Øns‚

XpS¿®bmbn c≠m-bn-cm-am-t≠msS Gh¿°pw

BtcmKyw F∂ BtKmf ho£-W-tØmsS 1983¬

tZiob Btcm-Ky-\-b-Øn\v cq]w \¬Inbncp-∂p.

ASn-ÿm\ kuI-cy-hn-I-k-\w, {]mY-anI Btcm-

Ky-c£, anI® ]cn-io-e\w e`n® Btcm-Ky -{]-

h¿Ø-I-cpsS t{iWn F∂n-hbv°v \bw Du∂¬

\¬In. F∂m¬ Bh-iy-amb hn -̀h-߃°v A\p-

k-cn®v t\Sm-hp∂ e£y-߃ hy‡-ambn \n¿Δ-

Nn-°p-∂-Xn¬ ]cm-P-b-s∏-́ tXmsS {]kvXpX \bw

GXm≠v Hcp Z¿i-\-tc-J-bmbn Npcpßn F∂v ]d-

bmw. Gh¿°pw BtcmKyw F∂ e£y-Øn\v ASp-

sØßpw FØm≥ 2000-̨ ¬ cmPy-Øn\v Ign-™n-

cp-∂n√ F∂ Imcyw \nkvX¿°-am-Wv.

2000 se kl-{km_vZ {]Jym-]-\hpw

BtKmfXeØn¬ \nch[n hnIk\ e£y߃

BtcmKycwKØv Gs‰SpØXpw 2002 ¬ ]pXnb

tZiob BtcmKy \bØn\v cq]w \¬Ip∂Xn\v

B°w Iq´n. Gh¿°pw BtcmKyw F∂ e£yw

t\Sp∂Xn¬ D≠mb t]mcmbvaIfpw sh√p-hn-fn-

Ifpw Xncn®dn™ 2002 se \bw P\ßfpsS

BtcmKy\nehmcw sa®s∏SpØp∂Xn\v {]mtbm-

Kn-I-amb kao]\w kzoIcn®p F∂v ]dbmw.

P\߃°v BtcmKy\nehmcw \n›-bn-°p-∂-Xn-

ep≈ XSk߃ Is≠Øm≥ \bw hnPbw

I≠p. BtcmKycwKsØ sNehv hnlnXw 10

h¿jØn\Iw Pn.Un.]n bpsS Hcp iXam\sa∂

\nebn¬ \n∂v c≠v iXam\ambn Db¿Ø-W-sa∂v

\bw ip]m¿i sNbvXp. {]mYanI BtcmKy

tkh\Øn\v Du∂¬ \¬Inb \bw BtcmKy

taJebnse samØw sNehns‚ ]IpXnbpw

{]mYanImtcmKy cwK-Øm-bn -cn -°-W-sa∂pw

\njvI¿jn®p. ASpØ 10 h¿jØn\Iw

ssIhcn°mhp∂ e£y߃ \n›bn°phm\pw

CXmZyambn 2002 se \bØn\v Ign™p.

BtcmKy taJebnse Kh¨sa‚ v sNehv

h¿≤n∏n°p∂Xn\mbn Gsd {iaw D≠msb¶nepw

XpS¿∂pff 10 h¿jßfnepw AXv PnUn]nbpsS

Hcp iXam\w F∂ \nebn¬ Gsd°psd

ÿncamb \nebn¬Øs∂ XpS¿∂p. tcmK

\nb{¥Ww, amXrinip BtcmKyw XpSßn Nne

cwK-ß-fn¬ e£yw t\Sm-\m-sb-¶nepw a‰p ]e cwK-

ß-fnepw e£yw t\Smt\m Zcn-{Z-̨ -]m¿iz-hXvIrX

hn`m-K-߃°v Xpey BtcmKy tkh\w Dd-∏p-h-

cp-Ømt\m tbmKy-cmb BtcmKy {]h¿Ø-I-cpsS

Ipdhv t\cn-Smt\m cmPy-Øn\v Ign-™n-√.

2014 se IcSv tZio-bm-tcm-Ky-\bw ]e Xc-

Ønepw hn`n-∂-amb kao-]\w kzoI-cn-°p∂p

F∂Xv Dt∑-j-Zm-b-I-am-Wv. \b-cq-]o-I-c-W-ß-fn¬

kpXm-cy-X-bm¿∂ kao-]\w kzoI-cn®psIm≠v

IcSv \bw s]mXp P\-߃°pw hnZKv[¿°pw

N¿®°v \¬In {]Xn-I-c-W-߃ Kh-s◊‚ v ]cn-

tim-[n-®p. Btcm-Ky-ta-J-e-bn¬ ]e Xc-Øn-ep-ap-

≠m-Ip∂ am‰-߃ IcSv \bw IW-°n-se-Sp-Øp.

BtcmKy tkh\ cwKsØ sNe-hp-Iƒ `oa-ambn

Db¿∂p-sh-∂Xpw Zmcn-{Zy-Øn\v AXv Hcp {][m\

8tbmP\

s^{_p-hcn 2016

Imc-W-ambn amdn F∂Xpw \bw Xncn-®-dn™p

F∂-XmWv G‰hpw {][m-\w. IpSpw-_-Øns‚ hcp-

am-\-Øn-ep-≠m-Ip∂ h¿≤-\bpw Kh¨sa‚ns‚

Zmcn-{Zy-\n¿Ωm¿÷\ ]cn-]m-Sn-Ifpw \njv{In-b-am-

°m≥ BtcmKy tkh\ sNe-hp-I-fnse `oa-amb

h¿≤\ CS-bm-°p-∂p. BtcmKy cwKsØ IpXn-

®p-b-cp∂ sNe-hns‚ `mcw aqew he-bp∂ IpSpw-

_-ß-fpsS FÆw Db¿∂p-h-cn-I-bp-am-Wv. P\-ß-

fpsS samØ-Øn-ep≈ Btcm-Ky-\n-e-hmcw sa®-s∏-

Sp-Øp-∂ {ia-߃t°m tZiob tcmK-\n-b-{¥W

]cn-]m-Sn-Iƒt°m A√ adn®v {]Xyp-Xv]m-Z\ ̨ inip

Btcm-Ky-tk-h-\-ß-fp-ambn _‘-s∏-´ sNe-

hnemWv h≥ h¿≤\ D≠m-Ip-∂-sX∂v \bw Nq≠n-

°m-´p-∂p.

\oXn, km¿hn-I ]¶m-

fnØw F∂o apJy-X-Xz-߃

]n¥p-S¿∂v BtcmKy kwhn-

[m-\-߃°v cq]w \¬Ip-∂-

Xn¬ Kh¨sa‚ns‚ ]¶v

hy‡-am-°p-∂-Xnepw i‡n-

s∏-Sp -Øp∂Xnepw BWv

IcSv tZiob \bw Du∂¬

sImSp-Ø-Xv. F∂m¬ Hcp

Z¿i\ tcJbpw tZiob

\bhpw XΩn¬ ImX-emb

hyXym-k-ap-≠v. tZiob \bw e£y-{]m-]vXn°v

Bh-iy-amb hn -̀h-߃ Fs¥∂v \n›-bn-°p-∂-

Xm-bn-cn-°-Ww. \nb-{¥W˛hn-I-k\ L´-ß-fn¬

Kh¨sa‚ns‚ ]¶v F¥m-bn-cn-°Ww F∂-Xn\v

\bw Du∂¬ \¬tI-≠-Xp-≠v. Ct∏m-gsØ Ic-

Sn¬ ]d-bp∂ e£y-߃ t\´-ß-fm°n ]cn-

h¿Ø\w sNtø-≠-Xp-≠v. CXn-\p≈ ka-b-{I-aw

\n›-bn-t°-≠Xpw Bh-iy-amb kmº-ØnI

kmt¶-XnI hn -̀h-ßfpsS e`yX Dd-∏m-t°-≠-Xp-

am-Wv.

\bw \S-∏m-°p-∂-Xn-\mbn 10 apX¬ 15 h¿jw

hsc ka-b-{Iaw \n›-bn-°Ww. t\ -́ßfpw e£y-

ßfpw 2015 sk]vXw-_-dn¬ sFIy-cmjv{S s]mXp-

k-̀ -bn¬ a‰p cmPyßtfm-sSm∏w C¥y AwKo-I-

cn® Btcm-Ky- cw-KsØ kpÿn-c- hn-I-k\

e£yhp-ambn tN¿∂p t]mIp-∂-Xp-am-I-Ww. Hcp

ASn-ÿm-\-XXzw F∂ \ne-bn¬ Xpey-Xbv°v

Du∂¬ sImSp-t°-≠-Xp-≠v. 2015 se hnI-k\

AP≥U-°p-tijw Bcpw am‰n \n¿Ø-s∏-S-cpXv

F∂ BtKm-f-XXzw tZiob \b-Øns‚ cq]o-I-c-

W-Ønepw {]Xn-̂ -en-°Ww F∂v Npcp-°w.

PnUn-]n-bpsS \n›nX iX-am\w F∂ \ne-

bn¬ Btcm-Ky-cw-KØv tkh\w e`y-am-°m≥ Bh-

iy-amb \nt£-]-Øns‚ tXmXv 2002 se \b-amWv

BZy-ambn kqNn-∏n-®-Xv. CXv t\Sm≥ {ian-®n-cp-∂p-

sh-¶n¬ PnUn-]n-bpsS 2% BtcmKy cwKØv sNe-

h-gn-°p∂ {_ko¬, {ioe¶ XpS-ßnb cmPy-ß-fp-

ambn Xmc-Xayw sNøp-hm≥ \ap°p Ign-bp-am-bn-

cp-∂p. Cu Ak-¥p-en-Xm-hÿ \o°m≥ e£y-an-

Sp-∂-XmWv ]pXnb \bw.

BtcmKy taJ-e-bn¬

sNehv sNtø≠ hnlnXw

kw_-‘n®v kwÿm\

Kh¨sa‚p-Iƒ°pw e£yw

\¬I-Ww. hnI-knX kº-

Zvhy-h-ÿ-I-fnepw \ΩpsS

Ab¬cm-Py-amb {ioe-¶-

bnepw tIc-f -Ønepw

Kh¨sa‚ v sNe-hns‚ 11%

h n \ n - t b m - K n - ° p - ∂ X v

BtcmKy taJ-e-bn-em-Wv. sa®-s∏´ `cW kwhn-

[m-\-ßfpw BtcmKy tkh\w e`y-am-°p-∂-Xn-

\p≈ \nba N -́°qSpw ̂ e-{]-Z-amb BtcmKy \b-

Øns‚ kp{]-[m\ LS-I-ß-fm-Wv.

`c-W-L-S-\-b-\p-k-cn®v BtcmKyw kwÿm\

hnj-b-am-Wv. F∂n-cp-∂mepw P\-kwJym \nb-

{¥Ww, tcmK \nb-{¥-W-̨ -\n¿Ωm¿÷\ ]cn-]m-Sn-

Iƒ XpS-ßn-b-h-bpsS \S-Øn-∏n¬ tI{μ-K-

h¨sa‚n\pw Xpey DØ-c-hm-Zn-Ø-ap-≠v. tI{μ-kw-

ÿm\ Kh¨sa‚p-I-fpsS Npa-X-e-Ifpw DØ-c-

hmZnØ-ßfpw IrXy-ambn \n¿h-Nn-t°≠Xpw

\n¿h-ln-°-s∏-tS-≠-Xp-ap-≠v. kmaqly t£a ]cn-

]m-Sn-Iƒ°mbn tI{μ-K-h¨sa‚ v kwÿm-\-

߃°v IqSp-X-embn klmbw FØn-°p∂ kml-

N-cy-Øn¬ P\-ß-fn-te°v Btcm-Ky-tk-h\w

9tbmP\s^{_p-hcn 2016

FØn-t°≠ kwÿm\ Kh¨sa‚p-I-fpsS DØ-

c-hm-ZnØw Gdp-I-bm-Wv. F∂m¬ Ch-sb√mw

kw_-‘n®v Ahy-‡-X- Ct∏mgpw XpS-cp-∂p.

hyXykvX kwÿm-\-ß-fnse P\-߃°nS-bn¬

BtcmKy \ne-hm-c-Øn-¬ \n\\nev°p∂ hnShv

ImWn-°p-∂Xv \n›nX Btcm-Ky-tk-h\w Ahn-

SpsØ P\-߃°v Dd-∏m-°p-∂-Xn¬ kwÿm\

Xe-Øn-ep≈ DØ-c-hm-Zn-Ø-an-√mbvabmWv. tI{μ-

-̨kw-ÿm\ Kh¨sa‚p-I-fpsS Npa-X-e-Iƒ hy‡-

ambn \n¿h-Nn-°p-hm≥ ]p-Xnb \b-Øn\v Ign-

™m¬ AXv Hcp- h≥hn-Pbw Xs∂bmbn-cn-°pw.

]≤Xn \S-Øn-∏n\p ssIh-cp∂ hntI-{μo-I-

cW kz`mhw ]pXnb tZiob Btcm-Ky-\-b-Øns‚

{][m\ khn-ti-j-X-bm-Wv. tIhew hn -̀h-ssI-am-

‰-Øn¬ HXp-ßmsX ^o¬Uv Xe kw-L-S-\-Isf

anI® {]I-S\w ImgvN-h-bv°m≥ sIev]p-≈-h-cm-

°m\pw DØ-c-hm-ZnØw \n›-bn-°m\pw ZuXy-

Øn\v Ign-tb-≠-Xp-≠v.

Btcm-Ky-ta-J-e-bp-ambn _‘-s∏´ \nba

A¥-co£w \ne-hn¬ Gsd k¶o¿Æ-am-Wv.

BtcmKy tkh-\-߃ F√m hn`m-K-߃°pw

{]tXy-In®v Zcn-{Z-̨ -]m¿iz-hXvIr-X- hn-̀ m-K-߃°v

FØn-°m≥ X°-hÆw \nba kwhn-[m-\hpw amd-

Ww. ASn-ÿm\ BtcmKy tkh\w cmPysØ

Hmtcm ]uc-s‚bpw {]mY-an-I-amb Ah-Im-i-am-I-

Ww. BtcmKyw auen-Im-h-Im-i-ambn {]Jym-]n-

°m\pw kwÿm\߃°v AXv Gs‰-Sp-°m\pw

X°-hn[w ]pXn-sbmcp {Iaw \bØn¬ hn`m-h\w

sNøp-∂p≠v. ]pXnb \b-Øns‚ Cu hiw hni-Z-

ambn N¿® sNø-s∏-tS-≠-Xp-≠v. kwÿm\

Kh¨sa‚p-Iƒ am{X-a-√, \nb-a-hn-Z-Kv[cpw s]mXp

{]hØ-Icpw CXn¬ `mK-`m-°m-IWw F∂Xv

kp{]-[m-\-am-Wv. kq£va-ambn hne-bn-cp-Ønbpw a\-

 n -em -°nbpw am{Xta tI{μ-˛ -kw -ÿm\

Kh¨sa‚p-Iƒ°v CXns‚ ^e-{]-Z-amb \S-Øn-

∏n-te°v IS-°m\mhq.

km¿h-{XnI BtcmKy ]cn-c£ F∂Xv

BtKmf kpÿnc hnIk\ e£yØns‚ Hcp

`mKamWv. CXv Hcp tZiob e£yambn tI{μ

Kh¨sa‚ v XXzØn¬ AwKoIcn®p Ign™p.

F∂m¬ CXv {]tbmKØn¬ sIm≠phcm≥ th≠

^≠v C\nbpw hI bncpØnbn´n√. acp-∂p-Iƒ,

tcmK-\n¿Wbw F∂nh Dƒs∏sS ]q¿W kmº-

ØnI klm-b-tØm-sS-bp≈ BtcmKy tkh\w

Zcn-{Z-˛-]m¿iz-h-XvIrX hn`m-K-߃ Dƒs∏sS

Gh¿°pw FØn-°pI F∂Xv e£y-Øns‚

{][m\ `mK-am-Wv. Xmgv∂ CS-Øcw hcp-am-\-

°m¿°v saUn-°¬ C≥jp-d≥kv tkh-\hpw

CXns‚ `mK-ambn hcpw.

^m¿a-kyq-́ n-°¬ cwKØv temIØv H∂mw

ÿm\Øv \n¬°p∂ cmPy-amWv C¥y. AtXm-

sSm∏w B{^n-°, Gjy F∂o- `qJWvUß-fnse

cmPy-߃°v Poh≥ c£m acp-∂p-Ifpw \¬In hcp-

∂p. temI-hym-]mcw, _u≤nI kzØ-h-Imiw XpS-

ßnb cwK-ß-fn¬ kp{]-[m\ A`n-{]m-bhpw \Ωp-

°p≠v. CXns‚sb√mw ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ cmPym-

¥c cwKØv \ΩpsS Npa-Xe \mw ]p\¿ \n¿W-

bn-t°-≠n-bn-cn-°p∂p. hntZ-i-k-lmbw kzoI-cn-

°p∂ Hcp cmjv{Sw F∂ \nebn¬ \n∂pw a‰v cmPy-

߃°v kmº-ØnI kmt¶-XnI klmbw FØn-

°m≥ Ign-bp∂ \ne-bn-te°v C¥y amdn-°-gn-™p.

CXv \ΩpsS Btcm-Ky-ta-J-e-bnepw {]Xn-^-en-

°Ww.

kmº--ØnI hnI-k\w, kmaqlnI kpc-£n-

X-Xzw, ]mcn-ÿnXnI kpÿn-cX F∂o aq∂v

XqWp-I-fn¬ \n∂p sIm≠p≈ hnI-k\ ]mX-bn-

emWv C¥ybn∂v. Cu e£y߃ t\Sm≥ X°

kao-]\w ]pXnb tZiob Btcm-Ky-\bw {]ISn∏n-

t°-≠-Xp-≠v. e£yw \n›-bn-°p-∂-Xnepw kmº-

Øn-I, kmt¶-XnI `cW ]n¥pW \¬In AXv

t\Sp-∂-Xnepw {]mtbm-KnI kao-]\w Im´p-Ibpw

thWw.

(ap≥ tI{μ BtcmKy sk{I-́ -dn-bm-bn-cp∂

teJ-I≥ Ct∏mƒ Fjym-s]-k-̂ nIv doP-Wnse

F®v-sFhn/FbnUvkv kw_‘ hnj-b-ß-fn¬

bpF-∂ns‚ {]tXyI Npa-X-e-°m-c-\mbn

{]h¿Øn-®p-h-cp-∂p.)

10tbmP\

s^{_p-hcn 2016

tUm.-kp-̀ mjv i¿Ω

F√m-h¿°pw BtcmKyw:Hcp A¥m-cmjv{S ]cn-t{]£yw

F√m-h¿°pw BtcmKyw F∂ k¶ev]wkmaq-lnI hnI-k-\-Øns‚ ka{K amXr-Isb ASn-

ÿm-\-am-°n-bp-≈-XmWv. ChnsS a\pjycpsS

kuJy-Øn-\mWv {]Ya ]cn-K-W-\. kmaq-lnI

hnI-k-\tØ-°mƒ hfsc Npcp-ßn-bXpw ]cn-Wm-

a -hn -t[-b-hp -amb a\pjyhnI-k\w F∂

k¶ev]Øn¬ aq∂p LS-I-߃ D≠v ˛

hy‡nbpsS kmº-Øn-I- hf¿®, hnZym-`ymk

Db¿®, Btcm-Kyw (-Bbp¿ssZ¿Lyw). A¥m-

cmjv{S BtcmKy ]cn-]m-e\w IqSp-X¬ taJ-e-Isf

Dƒs°m-≈m-\mWv {ian-°p-∂-Xv. F∂m¬ F√m-

h¿°pw BtcmKyw F∂ ]≤-Xn-bm-Is´ P\-ß-

fpsS kuJy-Øn\pw ]cn-]m-e-\-Øn-\p-amWv

Du∂¬ \¬Ip-∂-Xv. A¥m-cmjv{S BtcmKy ]cn-

c£bn¬ BtcmKy ]cn-]m-e-\-Øn\v ]Ww kzcq-

]n-°p-∂-Xn-\mWv Du∂¬. AXm-bXv cmPy-sØ

F√m Bfp-Iƒ°pw BtcmKy ]cn-c£ e`y-am°p-

∂-Xn-\mbn s]mXp-P-\-ß-fn¬ \n∂pw kzmImcy

ÿm]-\-ß-fn¬ \n∂pw a‰v ]¶m-fnØ taJ-e-I-

fn¬ \n∂p-sa√mw ]Ww kzcq-]n-°p-∂p (hy‡n-]-

c-amb kw`m-h-\-Ifpw CXn¬ Dƒ-s∏-Spw). F√m-

h¿°pw BtcmKyw ]≤-Xn-bm-I-s´, cmPy-Øns‚

s]mXp JP-\m-hn¬ \n∂v ]Ww- Is≠Øn P\-

ß-fpsS BtcmKyw kwc-£n-°p-∂p. A¥m-cmjv{S

BtcmKy ]cn-c-£-bn¬ Hcp Iq´w {]mY-anI

BtcmKy tkh-\-ß-fmWv e`n-°p-I. CXv {][m-\-

ambpw kzImcy C≥jp-d≥kv Iº-\n -Iƒ

hgnbmWv. Nne-t∏mƒ s]mXp ˛ kzImcy DS-a-bn-

ep-≈-hbpw CXn¬ Dƒs∏-Sp-∂p. F∂m¬ F√m-

h¿°pw BtcmKyw Kh¨sa‚ v kwhn-[m-\-Øn-¬

hnhn[ ̀ cW Xe-ß-fn-eqsS Cu kuI-cy-߃ P\-

ßfn-se-Øn-°p-∂p.

temIm-tcmKy kwL-S\bpsS- `-c-W-L-S-\

kqNn-∏n°pw {]Imcw Btcm-Kyw, kuJyw, sa®-

s∏´ PohnX \ne-hm-cw, sshZy-]cn-N-cWw, tcmKm-

h-ÿ-bn¬ kwc-£-bv°p≈ Ah-Im-iw, Ip´n-

Iƒ°pw AΩ-am¿°pw {]tXyI ]cn-N-cWw XpS-

ßn-b-h-bmWv F√m-h¿°pw BtcmKyw ]≤-Xn-

bpsS ]›m-Ø-e-Øn¬ e`n-°p∂ {][m-\-s∏´

tkh-\-߃. CXp IqSmsX Pohn-°m\pw kzmX-

{¥y-Øn\pw kpc-£bv°pw F√m-h¿°pw Ah-Im-

i-ap≠v F∂v A¥m-cmjv{S a\p-jym-h-Imi {]Jym-

]-\-Øns‚ aq∂mw Jfin-Ibn¬ hy‡-ambn

\n¿t±-in -°p-∂p. Pohn -°m-\p≈ Ah-Imiw

F∂m¬ (kp{]ow tImS-Xn-bpsS hymJym-\ -{]-Im-

cw) \∂mbn Blmcw e`n-°m\pw BtcmKy ]cn-

11tbmP\s^{_p-hcn 2016

c£ e`n-°m-\p-ap≈ Ah-Imiw IqSn-bm-Wv. F√m

tZiob ̀ c-W-Iq-S-ßfpw BtcmKy hnI-k\ hIp∏v

DtZym-K-ÿcpw, A¥m-cmjv{S kaqlhpw temI-

saºm-Sp-ap≈ P\-ß-fpsS BtcmKy kwc-£-W-

Øn\pw ]cn-]m-e-\-Øn-\p-ambn ASn-b-¥-c- \S-]-Sn-

Iƒ kzoI-cn-°Ww F∂v A¬am-Ø-bn¬ \S∂

{]mY-anI Btcm-Ky-]-cn-]m-e-\-w kw_-‘n® A¥m-

cmjv{S ktΩ-f\w \n¿t±-in -°pI-bp-≠m-bn.

ktΩf\w ]mkm-°nb {]ta-b-߃:

1. BtcmKyw auen -Im -h -Im -i -am -Wv . AXv

tcmKan√mbva-b-√, adn®v imco-cn-Ihpw am\-kn-

Ihpw kmaq-ln-I-hp-amb ]q¿W-kuJy Ah-ÿ-

bmWv.

2.- hnI-knX cmPy-߃°pw hnI-kzc cmPy-

߃°p-w at[y, cmPy-߃°p-≈n¬ Xs∂ P-

\-ß-fpsS BtcmKy Ah-ÿ-bn¬ C∂p \ne-

\n-¬°p∂ Ak-aXzw, cmjv{Sobhpw kmaq-ln-

Ihpw kmº-Øn-I-hp-ambn Akzo-Im-cy-am-Wv.

3. F√m-h¿°pw BtcmKyw AXns‚

]q¿Wmhÿ-bn¬ t\Sp -∂-Xn\pw, hnI-

kzc˛hnI-knX cmPy-߃°n-S-bn¬ BtcmKy

Ah-ÿ-bn-ep≈ hnShv \nI-Øp-∂-Xn\pw kmaq-

ln-I kmº-Øn-I- hnI-k\w ASn-ÿm\]c-

ambn {][m-\-s∏-́ -Xm-Ip-∂p.

4. Btcm-Ky-]-cn-c-£-bpsS Bkq-{X-W-Ønepw \S-

Øn-∏nepw hy‡n-]-c-ambn ]¶m-fn-I-fm-Ip-I

F∂Xv F√m P\-ß-fp-sSbpw Ah-Im-ihpw

DØ-c-hm-Zn-Øhp-am-Wv.

5. F√m Kh¨sa‚p-Iƒ°pw Ah-cpsS ]uc-∑m-

cpsS BtcmKyw ]cn-c-£n-°p-∂-Xn-\p≈ DØ-

c-hm-ZnØw D≠v.

6. {]mY-an-Im-tcmKy ]cn-c£bv°v th≠ sNe-hp-

Iƒ anX-s∏-Sp-tØ-≠Xv AXy¥mt]-£nXhpw

s]mXp-k-aq-l-Øn\pw cmPy-sa-ºm-Sp-ap≈ km[m-

cW ]uc-∑m¿°pw Xmßm-hp-∂-Xpambn-cn-°-

Ww.

7. tcmK -\n-b-{¥w, tcmK NnIn-’, t]mj-Ww, ]p\-

c-[n-hmkw F∂o taJ-e-I-fn-ep≈ tkh-\-ß-

fmWv {]mY-anI BtcmKy ]cn-c£ hgn e`y-

am-°p-I. CXns‚ Bkq-{X-W-Øn\pw kwLm-S-

\-Øn\pw \S-Øn-∏n\pw IqSmsX {]mtZ-in-Ihpw

tZio-bhpamb hn -̀h-߃ ]q¿W-ambn D]-tbm-

K-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xn\pw kaq-l-Øn-s‚bpw hy‡n-

I-fp-sSbpw ]¶m-fn-Øw Dd-∏m-t°-≠-Xm-Wv.

8. ka{K tZiob BtcmKy kwhn-[m-\-Øns‚ ̀ mK-

ambn F√m Kh¨sa‚p -Ifpw {]mY-anI

BtcmKy ]cn-c£bv°v Bh-iy-amb tZiob

\b-ßfpw X{¥-ßfpw {]h¿Ø\ ]≤-Xn-Ifpw

Bcw-`n-°p-Ibpw kpÿn-c-ambn XpScp-Ibpw

thWw.

9. F√m cmPy-ßfpw ]c-kv]cw kl-I-cn-°p-Ibpw

F√m-h¿°pw {]mY-anI BtcmKy ]cn-c£ Dd-

∏m-°p-∂-Xn-\mbn Iq´mbn ]cn-{i-an-°p-Ibpw

sNø-Ww.

10. temI-Øp≈ F√m P\-hn-`m-K-߃°pw 2000

tØmsS "F√m-h¿°pw BtcmKyw' F∂ ]≤-

Xn-bpsS t\´-߃ e`y-am-I-Ww. AXn-\mbn

temI-Øp≈ kakvX hn`-h-ß-fp-sSbpw ka-

{Khpw DXvIr-jvS-hp-amb hnlnXw D]-tbmKn-°-

Ww. Ct∏mƒ Cu hn`-h-ß-fpsS \√ iX-am-

\hpw sNe-h-gn-°p∂Xv bp≤-km-a-{Kn-Iƒ hmßp-

∂-Xn\mWv. AXn -\m¬ kXy-k-‘-hpw

Bflm¿∞-hp-amb Hcp \bw hn`h hn\n-tbmK

kw_-‘n-bmbn AXy-¥m-t]-£n-X-am-Wv.

temI-tcmKy kwL-S\ 2005, 2011 h¿jß-

fn¬ t]mepw F√m-h¿°pw BtcmKyw F∂ ]≤-

Xn-sb-°p-dn®v Bh¿Øn®v Hm¿Ωn-∏n-°p-∂p-≠m-bn-

cp-∂p. AXn\v BtKmf BtcmKy ]cn-c£ F∂

hm°mWv Ah¿ D]-tbm-Kn-®-sX¶nepw AtXm-

sSm∏w NnIn-’m-k-lmb kwhn-[m-\w ˛ AXm-bXv

Bip-]-{Xn-I-fnse NnIn-’bv°v sNe-h-gn-°p∂

XpI ap≥Iq´n P\-Øn\p \evIp∂ kwhn-[m\w ˛

temI _m¶ns‚ DZm-c-h-Xv°-c-W, BtKm-f-h-Xv°-

cW, kzIm-cy-h-Xv°-cW {]{In-b-bn¬ Dƒs∏-SpØn

s]mXp-hn¬ \S-∏m-°n-bn-cp-∂p. ka{K a\p-jy-hn-

I-k-\-Øn¬ CXv AXoh {]m[m-\y-ap-≈-Xm-sW-

∂pw, 2015 \p tij-ap≈ hnI-k\ hnj-b-Øn¬

C°mcyw Dƒs∏-Sp-Ø-W-sa∂pw sFIy-cmjv{S k -̀

bpsS 2012 Unkw-_-dnse {]ta-bØn¬ ASn-h-c-

bn v́ ]d-bp-∂p. temI-_m¶v AXns‚ temI-hn-I-

12tbmP\

s^{_p-hcn 2016

k\ dnt∏m¿´n (1993) epw km[m-c-W-°m-cpsS

BtcmKy ]cn-c£m CS-s]-S-ep-Iƒ em` \jvS-an-

√m-Ø-hn[w \S-∏m-°-W-sa∂v A°-an v́ tcJ-s∏-Sp-

Ønbn´p-≠v. 1980 se kmº-ØnI ]cn-jvIm-c-߃

aqew 37 Zcn{Z cmPy-ß-ƒ°v Ah-cpsS BtcmKy

]cn-c-£-bv°p≈ s]mXp [\-hn-\n-tbmKw ]IpXn

I≠v sh´n-°p-d-bvt°≠n h∂p. DZm-l-cWØn\v

saIvknt°m 1982 ˛87 Ime-L-́ -Øn¬ 60 iX-am\w

BtcmKy ]cn-c£m sNe-hp-Iƒ sh´n-°p-d-®p. DZm-

c-h-Xv°-c-W-Øns‚bpw kzIm-cy-h-Xv°-c-W-Øn-

s‚bpw BtKm-f-h-Xv°-c-W-Øn-s‚bpw hn]-coX

^e-߃ aqew 1980epw 1990 epw an° hnI-kzc

cmPy-߃°pw BtcmKy kw_-‘-ambn \nc-h[n

{]iv\-߃ t\cn-tS≠n h∂p.

1.- hn-I-k\ CS-s]-S-ep-I-fn¬ \n∂v cmPyw ]n≥hm-

ßnb tijw (hnZym-̀ ym-kw, Zp¿_e hn-̀ m-K-ß-

fpsS t£aw XpS-ßn-b) CXc kmaqly D]-ta-

J-e-I-fn¬ F∂ t]mse BtcmKy taJ-e-bn¬

\n∂v s]mXp \nt£]w h≥ tXmXn¬ ]n≥h-

en-°-s∏-́ p. DZm-l-c-W-Øn\v 1991 ¬ s]dp-hn¬

hnZym-`ym-k-Øn\pw Btcm-Ky-]-cn-c-£bv°pw

Btfm-lcn hnlnXw 12 tUmf-dm-bn-cp-∂p.

F∂m¬ 1980 ¬ CXv 50 tUmf¿ Bbn-cp-∂p.

]m›mXy cmPy-ß-fnse _m¶p-I-fn-tebv°v

hmbv]-Xn-cn-®-S-hmbn Btfm-lcn 25 tUmf¿ 1991

¬ cmPyw sNe-h-gn-®p.

2. tUmIvSamcp-sSbpw saUn-°¬ Poh-\-°m-cp-

sSbpw henb Ipdhp aqew kzImcy ¢\n-°p-

Isf B{i-bn-t°≠ KXn-tI-Sn-embn km[m-c-

W-°m-cmb tcmKn-Iƒ.

3. s]mXp-ta-Jem Bip-]{XnIfn¬ Bh-iy-amb

D]-I-c-W-ß-ƒ, acp-∂p-Iƒ, ]cn-tim-[m\m

kuI-cy-߃ F∂n-h-bp-sS henb A`mhw

A\p-̀ -h-s∏-Sp-Ibpw Ah-sb√mw shdpw acp∂p

Ipdn-∏-Sn-Iƒ Fgp-Xp∂ ÿm]-\-ß-fmbn amdp-

Ibpw sNbvXp. tcmKn-I-fm-Is´, s]mXp hn]-

Wn-bn¬ \n∂v acp-∂p-Iƒ hmßm\pw kzImcy

em_p-I-fn¬ hnhn[ ]cn-tim-[-\-Iƒ \S-

Øm\pw \n¿_-‘n-X-cm-bn.

3. kzImcy tUmIvS¿am-cm-Is´ h≥ XpI-Iƒ ]cn-

tim-[\m Nm¿Pmbn CuSm-°p-I am{X-a-√, Bh-

iy-an-√m-ØXpw hne-Iq-Sn-b-Xp-amb acp-∂p-Ifpw

]cn-tim-[-\-Ifpw Ipdn-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp.

4. BtcmKy hIp-∏nse kwhn-[m-\-Øns‚ A]-

cym-]vXX aqew Kh¨sa‚ v tUmIvS¿am¿

t]mepw HutZym-KnI tPmen ka-bØpw

kzImcy ¢n\n-°p-I-fn¬ I®-hS Xmev]-cy-

tØmsS tPmen sNbvXp.

5. kuP\y \nc-°n¬ `£y-km-[-\-߃, t]mj-

Im-lm-cw, IpSn-sh≈w, ipNo-I-cW kwhn-[m-

\-߃ XpS-ßn-bh e`y-am°p∂-Xn¬ \n∂v `c-

W-IqSw ]n≥hm-ßn-b-tXmsS km[m-c-W-°mcpw

]mh-s∏-´-h-cp-amb P\-߃°n-S-bn¬ kmw{I-

anIhpw A√m-Ø-Xp-amb tcmK-߃ Iq´-

tØmsS h¿[n®p. h≥ XpI sNe-hn v́ NnIn’

\S-Øm≥ Ign-hn-√m-Xn-cp∂ Ch¿, Ime-{I-taW

tcmKw Kpcp-X-c-ambn ac-W-Øn\p Iog-S-ßp-Ibpw

sNbvXp.

6. kzX{¥ hn]Wn(A-Zriy lkvXw) F∂ {]Xn-

`mkØns‚ ASn-ÿm\w hy‡n-]c-amb ]-cn-

Nc-Wam-Wv. CXv kzImcy tkh-\-am-Wv.

F∂m¬ Nnen,sIm-f-ºnb XpS-ßnb an°

em‰n≥ Ata-cn-°≥ cmPy-ß-fnepw km[m-c-W-

°m-cpsS BtcmKy ]cn-c-£-bn¬ ]ptcm-K-

Xntbm \oXntbm ka-Xztam Imcy-£-a-Xtbm

D≠m-bn-√. Chn-sS√mw ]mh-ß-sf NqjWw

sNbvXv kzImcy Bip-]-{Xn-I-fpw, C≥jp-d≥kv

Iº-\n -I -fpw, acp∂p \n¿Ωm-Xm -°-fpw,

I¨kƒ´≥kn-Ifpw sImgpØv hf¿∂p.

s]mXp ˛ kzImcy ]¶m-fn-Øw, B[p-\n-I-h-

Xv°-c-Ww, ]W- aqeyw, BtcmKy C≥jp-d≥kv

XpS-ßn-b-h-bmWv an° hnI-knX˛hnI-kzc cmPy-

ß-fn-sebpw Ct∏m-gsØ _nkn-\kv ]Zm-h-en-Iƒ.

F∂m¬ Iyq_,-ssN-\, tImÃm-dn-°, -a-te-jy,

{ioe-¶, dphm-≠, sh\n-tkz-e, Xmbve≠v XpS-ßnb

cmPy-ß-fn¬ Nne _Z¬ NnIn’m imJIƒ D≠v.

2002 hsc Xmbve‚n¬ F√m-h¿°pw kuP-\y-ambn

km¿h-{XnI BtcmKy ]cn-c£ D≠m-bn-cp-∂p.

C∂pw 77 iX-am\w Bip-]-{Xn-Ifpw s]mXp taJ-

13tbmP\s^{_p-hcn 2016

e-bn¬ Xs∂-bm-Wv. Iyq_-bn¬ {]mb-amb F√m-

h¿°pw kuP-\y-ambn Xnanc ikv{X-{Inb \SØn

hcp-∂p. AhnsS F√m tUmIv-S¿am¿°pw \gvkp-

am¿°pw aq∂p h¿jsØ \n¿_-‘nX {KmaoW

tkh\hpw D≠v. BtcmKy taJ-e-bn¬ 2001 ¬

sNe-h-gn® samØ B`y-¥c DXv]m-Z-\w t\m°p-

tºmƒ 1.7 iX-am\w h¿[-\-hv D≠m-bn-cp-∂p. 2008

¬ CXv 2.7 iX-am-\-am-bn. 10000 tcmKn-Iƒ°v Hcp

tUmIvS¿ am{Xsa ChnsS D≈p. ate-jy-bn-em-Is´

10000 tcmKn-Iƒ°v 9.4 tUmIvS¿am¿ D≠v. ^nen-

∏o≥kn¬ 11.5, hnb-‰v\m-an¬ 12.2, knwK-∏q-cn¬

18.3 F∂n-ß-s\-bmWv \nc-°v.

bpF≥ AwK-cm-jv{S-߃ H∂n®v \n∂v

Btcm-Ky-taJ-e-bpambn _‘-s∏´ kl-{km_vZ

hnI-k\ e£y-߃ {]Jym-]n-®ncp∂p.

1. Zmcn{Zyw A\p-`-hn-°p-∂-h-cpsS kwJy 2015

BIp-tºmtgbv°v 1990 ImeØns‚ ]Ip-Xn-

bm°n Ipd-bv°pI

2. A©p hb-kn¬ Xmsg-bp≈ Ip™p-ß-fpsS

ac-W-\n-c°v 1990s‚ aq∂n¬ c≠m°n Ipd-

bv°pI

3. {]k-hm-\p-_‘ ac-W-\n-c°v 1990 teXn¬ \n∂v

\men¬ aq∂m°n Ipd-bv°pI

4. 2015 BIp-tºm-tgbv°pw km¿h-{Xn-I-ambn ]p\-

cp-Xv]m-Z\ BtcmKyw t\SpI

5. F®v sFhn FbvUvkv hym]\w 2015 BIp-tºm-

tgbv°v XS-bpI, Ah-cpsS kwJy Ipd-®p-sIm-

≠p-h-cnI

6. ate-dnb t]mep≈ henb tcmK-߃ XS-bp-I.

2015 apX¬ Ah-cpsS kwJy Ipd-®p-sIm-≠p-h-

cnI

7. kpc-£n-X-amb IpSn -sh≈w, ASn -ÿm\

ipNnXz kuI-cy-߃ F∂n-h-bpsS kpÿnc

e`yX C√m-Ø-hcpsS FÆw 2015 HmsS

]Ip-Xn-bmbn Ipd-bv°p-I.

temIm-tcmKy kwL-S-\-bpsS A`n-{]m-b-

Øn¬ (2015) A©p hb-kn¬ Xmsg-bp≈ Ip´n-I-

fn¬ 45 iX-am\w t]cp-tSbpw ac-W-Im-cWw t]mj-

Im-lm-c-°p-dthm t]mj-Im-lm-c-an-√m-bvatbm

BWv. 1990 ˛2013 Ime-L-́ -Øn¬ hnI-kzc cmPy-

ß-fnse `mcw Ipd™ Ip´n-I-fpsS kwJy 28 iX-

am-\-Øn¬ \n∂v 17 Bbn Ipd-™p. BtKm-f-X-e-

Øn¬ CXv 1990 ¬ 25 iX-am-\-am-bn-cp-∂p. 2013 ¬

15 iX-am-\-am-bn. temIm-tcmKy kwL-S-\-bpsS

kl-{km_vZ hnI-k\ e£y-ß-fn¬ Cu kqNIw

t\Sm-\m-bXv Ata-cn°≥ cmPy-߃, bqtdm-]y≥

taJ-e, ]Sn-™m-d≥ ]k-̂ nIv taJe F∂n-hn-S-

ß-fn-em-Wv. Z£nW saUn-‰-td-\n-b≥ cmPy-߃,

sX°p Ing-°≥ Gjy, B{^n° F∂o taJ-e-I-

fn¬ CXv km[n-®n-√. C¥y-bn¬ 47 iX-am\w

Ip™p-ßfpw th≠{X ico-c-`mcw C√m-Ø-h-cm-

Wv. BtKm-f-X-e-Øn¬ `mc-°p-d-hp≈ Ip™p-ß-

fpsS kwJy 1990 ˛ 2013 hscbp≈ 257 Zi-e-£-

Øn¬ \n∂v 161 Bbn Ipd-™p. \nc°v 37 iX-am-

\w am{Xw. Cu e£yw t\Sm≥ \ap°v km[n-®n-√.

1990 ˛2013 ImeØv A©p hb-kn¬ Xmsg-

bp≈ Ip™p-ß-fpsS acW \nc°v 49 iX-am-\-am-

bn. 1000 Ip™p-߃ P\n-°p-tºmƒ AXn¬ 90

Ip™p߃ acn-®n-cp∂ Ah-ÿ-bn¬ \n∂v 46

seØn. (C¥y-bn¬ 2013 ¬ Cu ac-W -\n-c°v 42

Bbn-cp-∂p). AXm-bXv 2013 ¬ {]Xn-Zn\w 17000

Ip™p-߃ acn-°p-∂p. BtKm-f-X-e-Øn¬ {]k-

hm-\-¥c inipacW߃ 1990 ¬ 4.7 Zi-e£w

F∂Xv 2013 ¬ 2.8 Zi-e£w F∂ kwJy-bn-

tebv°v FØn. 1000 Ip™p-߃ P\n-°p-tºmƒ

AXn¬ 33 t]¿ acn-®n-cp∂Xv 22 Bbn (39%) Ipd-

™p. B{^n-°≥ taJ-e-bnse 47 cmPy-ß-fn¬

Bdp cmPy-ß-fn¬ A©p hb-kn¬ Xmsg-bp≈

14tbmP\

s^{_p-hcn 2016

Ip™p-ß-fpsS ac-W-\n-c°v 2013 ¬ aq∂n¬

c≠mbn Ipd-™p. c≠p cmPy-߃ IqSn Cu

e£yw t\Sm-dm-bn´p≠v. 25 cmPy-߃ ]mXn hgn-

bn-se-Øn-bn-cn -°p-∂p. _m°n 14 cmPy-߃

AXn\pw ]n∂n-em-Wv. c≠v Ata-cn-°-I-fn-ep-ambn

(35 cmPy-߃) A©p cmPy-߃ e£yw t\Sn.

aq∂p- cm-Py-߃ e£y-tØmSv ASp-°p-∂p. 24 cmPy-

߃ ]IpXn Ign-™p. _m°n aq∂p cmPy-߃

AXn\pw ]n∂n-em-Wv. Z£nW ]q¿h Gjy≥ taJ-

e-bn¬ (11 cmPy-߃) A©p cmPy-߃ e£y-

Øn-se-Øn. cs≠Æw e£y-tØmSv ASp-°p-∂p.

_m°n \mseÆw ]mXn hgn ]n∂n´p. 53 cmPy-

߃ Dƒs°m-≈p∂ bqtdm-]y≥ taJ-e-bnemIs´

23 FÆw e£yw t\Sn. \mseÆw e£y-tØmSv

ASp-°p-∂p. _m°n 26 cmPy-߃ ]mXn hgn ]n∂n-

´n-cn-°p-∂p. a[y saUn-‰-td-\n-b≥ taJ-e-bn¬ 21

cmPy-ß-fp-≠v. AXn¬ BsdÆw e£yw t\Sn. 12

FÆw ]mXn hgn ]n∂n-́ p. HscÆw am{Xw ]n∂n-

em-Wv. 1990 ˛2013¬ amXr ac-W-\nc°v BtKm-f-X-

e-Øn¬ aq∂n¬ c≠v Ipd-bv°m≥ e£y-an-́ n-cp-

∂Xv Hcp e£-Øn\v 45 iX-am\Øn¬( 523000

apX¬ 289000) FØn-°mt\ km[n-®p-≈p. AXn-

t∏mgpw e£y-Øn\p ]n∂n¬ Cg-bp-∂p. Zu¿`m-

Ky-h-im¬ 89 cmPy-ß-fnemWv 1990 ¬ G‰hpw

Db¿∂ amXr-a-c-W -\n-c°v tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øn-bXv ̨ 100

\pw apI-fn¬. 13 cmPy-߃ \nc°v Ipd-bv°p-∂-

Xn¬ Hcp ]ptcm-K-Xnbpw t\Sn-bn-√. c≠p iX-am\w

am{X-amWv Ah¿°v Ipd-bv°m≥ km[n-®-Xv. amXr-

a-c-W-ßfn¬ apJyImc-W-ambn Nq≠n-°m-Wn-°-s∏-

Sp-∂Xv akvXnjvI c‡-{km-hw(27%) K¿ -̀sØ-°p-

dn-®p≈ ]ncn-ap-cp-°w(14%) ]ns∂ c‡ Zqjy-hpw.

CsX√mw aqew e£yw t\Sm≥ \ap°v km[n-®n-

´n√.

BtKm-f-X-e-Øn-ep≈ ]p\-cp-Xv]m-Z\ Btcm-

Ky-Øn¬ 1990 ˛2012 ImeØv K¿ -̀\n-tcm-[\ D]m-

[n-I-fpsS D]-t`mKw (15-̨ 49 {]mb-Øn-ep-≈) kv{XoI-

ƒ°nS-bn¬ 55% apX¬ 64% hsc h¿[n-®p. CXv

D]-tbm-Kn-°m-Ø-h-cpsS \nc°v 15 iX-am-\-Øn¬

\n∂v 12 iX-am-\-ambn Ipd-bp-Ibpw sNbvXp. ]s£

B{^n-°-bnemWv K¿ -̀\n-tcm-[\ D]m-[n-Iƒ kzoI-

cn-°m-Ø-h-cpsS Db¿∂ kwJy 24%. BtKmf Xe-

Øn¬ 83 iX-am\w kv{XoIƒ°pw Hcn-°-se-¶nepw

K¿`-Ime ]cn-N-cWw e`n-®n-´p-≠v. ]s£ 64 %

kv{XoIƒ°pw \mep Xh-W-sb-¶nepw CXv e`n-®n-

´p-≈-h-cm-Wv. B{^n°≥ taJ-e-bnse hcp-am\w

Ipd™ cmPy-ß-fn¬ 51 % K¿`n-Wn-Iƒ°p am{Xsa

{]k-h-k-a-bØv ]cn-io-e\w t\Snb \gvkp-am-cpsS

tkh\w e`n-°p-∂p-≈p. Cu taJ-e-bnepw \mw

t\ -́߃ ssIh-cn-®n-́ n-√.

2013 ¬ 32.6 Zi-e£w FbvUvkv tcmKn-I-

fn¬ GI-tZiw 12.9 Zi-e£w Bfp-Iƒ°v BtKm-

f-X-e-Øn¬ F®v-sFhn/FbvUvkv NnIn’ e`y-

am-°n. (C-Xn¬ 11.7 Zi-e£w Xmgv∂ hcp-am-\-ap-

≈tXm CS-Øcw hcp-am-\-ap-≈tXm Bb cmPy-

ß-fn-em-Wv). Cu NnIn’ aqew FbvUvkv aqe-ap≈

acW \nc°v 2.4 Zi-e-£-Øn¬ \n∂v(2005) 1.5 Zi-

e-£-am°n 2013 ¬ Ipd-bv°m≥ km[n-®p. ac-W-\n-

c°v ]Ip-Xn-bm-°pI F∂ 2015 se e£yØnse-

Øm≥ C\nbpw \ap°v km[n-®n-́ n-√. BtKm-f-X-e-

Øn¬ FbvUvkn-s\-Xnsc NnIn’ FØn-°m\pw

km[n-®n´n√.

BtKm-f-X-e-Øn¬ 3.20 iX-e£w Bfp-I-

fmWv ae-º-\nbpsSbpw kam\ tcmK-ßfpsSbpw

`oj-Wn-bn¬ Ign-bp-∂-Xv. CXn¬ 1.2 iX-e£w

Bfp-Iƒ Kpcp-Xcamb `oj-Wn-bn-ep-am-Wv. 2013 ¬

198 Zi-e£w ae-º\n tcmKn-I-fmWv cPn-ÿ

sNbvX-Xv. CXn¬ 5,84000 t]¿ acn-®p. CXn¬ 98

iX-am-\-hpw -B-{^n-°≥ taJ-e-bn-em-bn-cp-∂p.

AXn¬ Xs∂ 78 iX-am\w A©p hb-kn¬ Xmsg

am{Xw Ip´n-I-fpw. 2000 ˛2013 ¬ ae-º\n aqe-ap≈

ac-W-\n-c°v BtKm-f-X-e-Øn¬ 47 iX-am-\-ambn

Ipd-™p. B{^n-°≥ taJ-e-bn¬ CXv 54 iX-am-

\-hpw. A©p hb-kn¬ Xmsg {]mb-ap≈ Ip´n-I-

fpsS acW \nc°v BtKm-f-X-e-Øn¬ 53 iX-am-\-

hp-am-bn. klm-d˛ B{^n°≥ taJ-e-bn¬ 44 iX-

am\w P\-ßfpw {]mWn-I-fpsS D]-{Z-h-Øn¬ \n∂v

c£-s∏-Sp-∂-Xn\v he-Iƒ°p-≈n¬ Dd-ßp-∂p. 2004

¬ Ch-cpsS kwJy shdpw c≠p iX-am\w am{X-

am-bn-cp-∂p. ae-º-\n-bpsS Imcy-Øn¬ 64 cmPy-ß-

fn¬ H∂p t]mepw kl-{km_vZ hnI-k\ e£yw

15tbmP\s^{_p-hcn 2016

I≠n-√. F∂m¬ ae-º-\n, £bw F∂o tcmK-

ßsf BtKmf Xe-Øn¬ XS-bpI F∂ kl-

{km_vZ hnI-k\ e£yw t\Sm≥ \ap°v Ign-™n-

´p -≠v. 2020 e£y-an´p 2005 ¬ XpS-ßnb

IpjvTtcmK \n¿Ωm¿÷-\- ]≤-Xn-bn¬ 75 iX-

am\w t\´w ssIh-cn-°m≥ km[n-®n-´p-≠v. 2000

apX¬ 73 cmPy-ß-fn-embn A©p Zi-e£w a¥v

tcmKn-Iƒ°v hnZKv[ NnIn’ e`y-am-°n-bn-́ p-≠v.

2020 BIp-∂-tXmsS a¥v tcmKw ]q¿W-ambpw

C√mbva sNøm≥ 39 cmPy-ß-fn¬ {iaw \S-°p-∂p-

ap-≠v.

kl-{km_vZ hnI-k\ e£y-ß-fn¬ ip≤-

amb IpSn-sh≈ kuIcyw e`n-°m-Ø-h-cpsS

kwJy 2010 teXn¬ \n∂pw ]Ip-Xn-bmbn Ipd-bv°-

W-sa∂ e£yw 2015 ¬ BtKm-f-X-e-Øn¬

km£m-Xv°-cn-s®¶nepw tZiob Xe-Øn¬ 116

cmPy-߃°p am{X-amWv e£yw t\Sm-\m-b-Xv. 45

cmPy-߃ ]s£ Cu hgn-°√. 2012 epw ip≤-

amb IpSn-sh≈w e`n-°mØ 748 Zi-e£w Bfp-

Iƒ D≠v F∂Xv henb kXy-ambn Ah-ti-jn-

°p-∂p. C°m-cy-Øn¬ taJ-e-Iƒ XΩn¬, \K-c-

ßfpw {Kma-ßfpw XΩn¬, hnhn[ kmaq-lnI

kmº-ØnI hn`m-K-߃ XΩn¬ Ak-aXzw \ne-

\n-ev°p-∂p-≠v. adp-̀ m-KØv ASn-ÿm\ ipNn-Xz-

ku-I-cy-߃ C√m-Ø-h-cpsS kwJy ]Ip-Xn-bm°n

Ipd-bv°-W-sa-∂ kl-{km_vZ hnI-k\ e£y-hpw

t\Sm≥ Ign-™n-́ n-√.

hnI-kzc cmPy-ß-fnse km[m-c-W-°m¿°v

Xmßm-hp∂ hnebv°v Poh≥c£m Huj-[-߃

e`y-am°pI F∂Xv kl-{km_vZ hnI-k\ e£y-

ambn \mw ap∂n¬ I≠n-cp-∂p. ]s£ AhnsSbv°v

FØm\pw \ap°v Ign-™n-√. ImcWw Xmgv∂ hcp-

am\w D≈Xpw CS-Øcw hcp-am\w D≈-Xp-amb 21

cmPy-ß-fn¬ 55 iX-am\wt]¿°p am{Xta s]mXp

taJem kuI-cy-߃ am{Xsa e`n-°p-∂p-≈p. Cu

cmPy-ß-fnse km[m-c-W-°m-cmb tcmKn-Iƒ

CØcw acp-∂p-Iƒ A¥m-cmjv{S hne-bpsS aq∂pw

\mepw Cc´n \evIn-bmWv hmßp-∂-Xv. C¥ysb

t]mse hnI-kzc cmPy-ß-fn¬ tUmIvS¿am¿ {][m-

\-ambpw kzImcy taJ-e-bn¬ hnhn[ acp∂v

\n¿ΩmW Iº-\n-I-fpsS {]Xn-\n-[n-I-fp-ambn

tN¿∂v A\m-h-iy-am-bXpw henb hne-bp-≈-Xp-

amb Huj-[-߃ tcmKn-Iƒ°v ip]m¿i sNøp-

Ibpw, c‡ ]cn-tim-[-\-Iƒ \S-Øm≥ Bh-iy-

s∏-Sp-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. hfsc A{i-≤-ambpw DØ-

c-hm-ZnØ cln-X-ambpw sNøp∂ CØcw {]hr-Øn-

Iƒ Ahsc HSp-hn¬ D]-t`m‡r tImS-Xn-I-fn¬

FØn-°p-Ibpw sNøp∂p.

C¥y Dƒs∏-sS-bp≈ hnI-kzc cmPy-߃

F√m-h¿°pw BtcmKyw F∂ ]≤Xn°v

hm°nepw {]hr-Øn-bnepw apJy ]cn-K-W\ \evI-

Ww. ImcWw AXv a\p-jy-hn-̀ h hnI-k\w am{X-

a√ Dd-∏m-°p-∂-Xv, AXn-\p-]cn \ΩpsS `mhn Xe-

ap-d-I-fpsSbpw kuJy-am-Wv, t£a-am-Wv. hnI-kzc

cmPy-߃ BtcmKy ]cn -c£m {]h¿Ø-\-

߃°p≈ Ah-cpsS _P‰v hnlnXw samØ

B`y-¥c DXv]m-Z-\-Øn\pw {]Xn-io¿j samØ

sNe-hn\pw B\p-]m-Xn-I-ambn Db¿ØWw. C¥y-

bn¬ samØ B`y-¥c DXv]m-Z-\-Øns‚ 1 iX-am-

\hpw samØ s]mXp sNe-hns‚ 3 iX-am-\hpw

BtcmKy taJ-e-bv°mbn am‰n hbv°p-∂p. AtX

kabw P∏m-≥ 82%, Im\U 70%, kzn‰vkz¿e≠v

65%, Atacn° 48%, Xmbve‚ v 72% F∂n-ßs\

XpI am‰n hbv°p-∂p. XXv^-e-ambn P∏m-\nse

icm-icn Bbpkv 82.7 h¿j-am-Wv. Im\-U-bn¬ 80.4,

kzn‰vkz¿e≠v 82.8, Ata-cn° 78.7 Xmbve‚ v 74.3

F∂n-ß-s\-bmW. C¥y-bn-em-Is´ CXv 66.3 h¿j-

hpw. C¥y-bpsS inip-a-cW \nc°v 1000-Øn\v 43.8

BWv. P∏m-\n¬ CXv shdpw 2.3, Im\-U-bn¬ 4.4,

kzn‰vkz¿e‚n¬ 3.8, Ata-cn-°-bn¬ 6.1, Xmbve‚n¬

9.9 F∂n-ß-s\-bmWv IW-°p-Iƒ.

C°m-cy-Øn¬ tIc-f-Øns‚ ÿm\w- h-fsc

ap∂n-emWv. Ign™ G{Xtbm h¿j-ß-fmbn

tIcfw BtcmKy hnZym-̀ ymk taJ-e-I-fn¬ temI-

Ønse hnI-knX cmPy-ß-fpsS \nc-bnem-Wv. F¥p-

sIm≠v C¥y-bnse CXc kwÿm\-߃°pw Cu

\ne-hm-c-Øn¬ FØn-°qSm?

(tI{μ hm¿Øm hnX-cW {]t£-]W

a{¥m-e-b-Øns‚ kmº-Øn-I-Imcy

D]-tZ-i-I-\mWv teJ-I≥)

16tbmP\

s^{_p-hcn 2016

cmPy-Øns‚ BtcmKy ]ptcm -K-Xn,BtcmKy ]≤-Xn-I-fpsS \n¿h-lWw F∂nh sa®-

s∏-Sp-Øm-\p≈ Hcp \n¿Wm-bI LS-I-ambn AwKo-

I-cn-®n-cn-°p-∂Xv kaq-ln-Ihpw ioe-]-c-hp-amb

am‰ßsf-bm-Wv. A[n-Im-cØns‚bpw Bi-b-hn-\n-

abØns‚bpw km[y-X-Iƒ hfsc Imew apt∂

Xs∂ BtcmKy IpSpw-_-t£a a{¥m-e-bw a\-kn-

em-°n-bn-́ p-≈-XmWv. h¿j-ßfmbn hnhn[ BtcmKy

]≤-Xn-I-fn-eqsSbpw (D-Zm.-t]m-fn-tbm, A©mw-]-\n)

a‰pw Cu taJ-e-bn¬ hfsc t\ -́߃ \mw D≠m-

°n-bn-́ p-s≠-¶n-epw BtcmKy Ahÿm kqN-I-߃

hne-bn-cpØp-tºmƒ C¥y C∂pw henb sh√p-hn-

fn-Iƒ t\cn-Sp-I-bm-Wv. ]te LS-I-ß-fmWv Cu

h¿Ø-am\Ime Ah-ÿbv°p Imc-W-ambn Nq≠n-

°m-Wn-°p-∂-Xv. ASn-ÿm\ kuI-cy-ß-fpsS A]-

cym-]vXX, a\p-jy-hn-̀ -h-ti-jn-bnse hnS-hv, ]W-

Øns‚ hnSp-X-enepw D]-tbm-K-Øn-ep-ap≈ sh√p-hn-

fn-Iƒ,-\n-e-hm-c-ap≈ tkh-\-ßfpsS A]-cym-]vXX,

\n¿h-l-W-]-chpw {]h¿Ø\ ]c-hp-amb sh√p-hn-

fn-Iƒ XpS-ßn-bh Imc-W-ß-fmbn \ne-sIm-≈p-∂p.

P\-kw-Jym h¿[-\hv, BNm-c-߃, sFXn-ly-߃,

sX‰n-≤mc-W-Iƒ, hnizm-k-߃, ioe-߃, N -́߃

F∂nhbpw, hnh-c-ßfpsSbpw t_m[-h-Xv°-c-W-Øn-

s‚bpw Ipdhpw Cu taJ-e-bnse a‰p {]iv\-ß-fm-

Wv. Ct∏mƒ ]cn -K -W-\-bn -ep≈ BtcmKy

\bØns‚ ]›m-Ø-e-Øn¬ Cu taJ-e-bn¬ \S-

°p∂ Bi-b-hn-\n-ab ]cn-{ia ^e-ambn F{X-

BtcmKyt_m[-h-XvI-cWwt\cn-Sp∂sh√p-hn-fn-Iƒ

tUm.- k-RvPo-hv Ip-am¿

tØmfw am‰-߃ kw -̀hn-®n-́ p-≠v F∂ At\z-j-

W-amWv Cu teJ-\w. AtXm-sSm∏w Bh-iy-

IXbpw e`y-X-bpw kw_-‘n®v sh√p-hn-fn-Iƒ

GsXm-s°-sb∂p Is≠-Øp-Ibpw ̀ mhn-bn¬ hfsc

thK-Øn¬ hen-b -am-‰-߃ hcpØp-∂-Xn-\p≈

am¿K\n¿t±iw apt∂m´p hbv°p-IbpamWn-hn-sS.

Aº-Xp-I-fpsS XpS°w apX-te, BtcmKy

Bi-b-hn-\n-ab ]cn-]m-Sn-Iƒ t_m[-h-Xv°-c-W-Øn-

e-[n-jvTn-X-am-bn-cp-∂p. F∂p h®m¬ Adnhv,

hn⁄m-\w,-hn-Zym-̀ ymkw F∂nh h¿[n-∏n-®psIm-

≠m-bn-cp∂p CXv \S-∏m-°n-bn-cp-∂-Xv. ]s£ Adn-

bpI F∂-Xn-s\-°mƒ i‡-amb Nne LS-I-߃

Bfp-I-fpsS kz`m-hsØ kzm[o-\n-°p-Itbm am‰-

߃°v hnt[-b-am-Ip-∂-Xn¬ \n∂v Ahsc XS-bp-

Itbm sNøp∂p F∂ kXyw \mw hnkva-cn-®p.

C¥y≥ ]›m-Ø-e-Øn¬ AXns‚ am\-ßfpw Xe-

ßfpw IrXy-ambn a\-kn-em-°m≥ km[n-®n-√.

XnI®pw ]m›m-Xyhpw hnI-knX cmPy-ß-fn¬

\n∂v sIm≠p-h-∂-Xp-amb ]cn-h¿Ø\ XXz-߃

AtX-]Sn \mw ChnsS {]tbm-Kn®p F∂-Xm-Wv-

Bi-b-hn-\n-a-b-Øns‚ {]hmlw Hcp hi-Øp-\n∂v

˛ kwhn-[m-\-Øn¬ \n∂v P\-ß-fn-tebv°v ˛ am{X-

am-bn- Np-cp-ßn-b-Xn¬ \n∂pw A\p-am-\n-°m-hp-∂-

Xv. ]pXnb s]cp-am-‰-ßfpw ioe-ßfpw Xß-fpsS

\∑bv°v BsW∂v P\w Xncn®dn -bp -Ibpw

AXnse bp‡nbpw Imcy-Im-c-W-ßfpw AXn\v

17tbmP\s^{_p-hcn 2016

Ahsc t{]cn-∏n-°p-Ibpw sNøp-

∂p. kXy-Øn¬ A∂sØ

BtcmKy t{]m’m-l\

{]h¿Ø-\-߃ hfsc

Bflm¿∞hpw {]h¿Ø-I¿

hfsc Ign-hp-≈-hcpw ITn-\m-[zm-

\n-Ifpw Bbn-cp-∂p. hn-Zym-`ym-

khpw Bi-b-hn-\n-b-a-bhpw hnI-

kn-®p-sh-¶nepw tIh-e-hn-⁄m-\-

Øn\p am{Xw Du∂¬ \evIn-

AXv Aßs\ \n∂p. a‰p-≈-h¿

s]cp-am-dp-∂Xp I≠v Bfp-Iƒ

AXv amXr-I-bmbn kzoI-cn-®p-sIm≈pw F∂-Xm-

bn-cp∂p \nK-a-\w. Hcp {]tXyI s]cp-am‰ coXn-

sbbpw ]cn-h¿Ø-\--sØbpw am{Xw e£y-am-°n-

b-Xn-\m¬ AXv ]mcn-ÿn-XnI Imgv®-∏m-Sn¬ a{Xsa

{]h¿Øn-®p-≈p. Cu kao-]\w sshImsX IqSp-

X¬ hnI-kn-°p-Ibpw Hu]-Nm-cn-I-ambn kmaq-lnI

Awi-hp-ambn tN¿∂v kmaq-lnI s]cp-am‰ ]cn-

h¿Ø\ Bi-b-hn-\n-ab N -́°qSv F∂ k¶-ev]-

Øn-tebv°v Db-cp-I-bpw- sN-bvXp. \nb-a-ß-fp-

sStbm aqey-ß-fp-sStbm ]mcn-ÿn-XnI LS-I-ß-

fp-sStbm {]m[m\yw Cu N -́°qSv IW-°n-se-Sp-

Øn-√.

CØ-c-Øn¬ N´-°q-Sp-Ifpw amXr-I-Ifpw,

kao-]-\-ßfpw kn≤m-¥-ßfpambn t]cp-Iƒ amdn-

sb¶nepw Pev]-\-߃°-Xo-X-ambn \ΩpsS

{]h¿Ø\ cwK-ß-sf im‡o-I-cn®v temIsØ

am‰m≥ \ap°v km[n®n´n-√. ImgvNbn¬ \b]c-

amb am‰-߃ D≠m-bn-´p-≠mhmw. ]s£ Ah

ÿm]-\-ß-fn¬ FØn-bn-´n-√. {]h¿Ø-I-cnepw

{]h¿Ø\ taJ-e-I-fnepw FØn-bn-´n-√. Bi-b-

hn-\n-a-b-Øns‚ i‡n \mw ]q¿W-ambpw a\-kn-

em-°p-∂Xv AXv XrW-aq-e-X-e-Øn¬ FØp-Ibpw

BtcmKy tkh-\-߃ kaq-l-Øn¬ Bh-iy-amWv

F∂v ]uc-∑m¿°v t_m[y-s∏-SpIbpw sNøp-tºm-

gm-Wv. hcpw h¿j-ß-fn¬ BtcmKy Bi-b-hn-\n-a-

b-Øn-\p≈ bm{Xm `q]SØn\v th≠Xv tZiob

BtcmKy \b-Øn¬ IqSp-X¬ Kuc-hhpw A¿∞-

]q¿W-hp-amb ]cn-K-W-\-I-fmWv.

BZy-ambn sNtø-≠Xv tI{μ-Ønepw kwÿm-

\-ßfnepw Bi-b-hn-\n-ab ]cn-{i-a-߃°v

th≠nbp≈ _P‰v hnln-X-Øn¬ Bh-iy-amb t`Z-

K-Xn-Iƒ hcp-ØpI F∂-Xm-Wv. \ne-hn-ep≈ XpI

Bi-b-hn-\n-ab ]cn-{i-a-߃°v hfsc A]-cym-]vX-

am-Wv. Bkq-{X-I¿ t\cn-Sp∂ Hcp {]Xn-k‘n ]e

kwÿm-\-ßfpw Ah¿°v A\p-h-Zn-°p∂ tI{μ

hnlnXw t]mepw bYm-hn[n sNe-h-gn-°p-∂n√ F∂-

Xm-Wv. At∏mƒ IqSp-X¬ XpI-bv°m-bp≈ apd-

hnfn Fßs\ \ymbo-I-cn-°m-\m-hpw. CXv Hcp ]cn[n

hsc kXy-am-Wv. F∂m¬ BtcmKy Bi-b-hn-\n-a-

b-Øn-\p≈ XpI \ymb-ambn sNe-h-gn-°p∂-Xn¬

kwÿm-\-ßfpw ÿm]-\-ßfpw A`n-ap-Jo-I-cn-

°p∂ {]iv\-ßfpw sh√p-hn-fn-Ifpw IqSn ]T-\-hn-

t[-b-am-t°-≠n-bn-cn-°p-∂p.

ChnsS c≠p LS-I-ß-fp-≠v. H∂v F¥v ASn-

ÿm-\-Øn-emWv hnlnXw hn\n-tbmKn-°p-∂-Xv,

AXv Bh-iym-[n-jvTn-X-tam AtXm {]-h¿Ø-\m-[n-

jvTn-Xtam? Bi-b-h-\n-a-b-Øn\p≈ XpI {]h¿Ø-

\m-[n-jvTn-X- hn\n-tbm-K-Øn-tebv°p am‰p-tºmƒ

c≠p hnS-hp-Iƒ \nI-Ø-s∏-Sp-∂p. H∂v DØ-c-hm-

Zn-Øw, c≠v, Bi-b-hn-\n-ab ]cn-{i-a-ß-fpsS KpW-

\n-e-hm-cw. shdpsX ]Ww sNe-h-gn-°p-∂-Xn-\√,

\ΩpsS Bi-b-hn-\n-a-b- ]-cn-{i-a-߃°v hy‡-amb

^ew D≠m-°p∂-Xn-emWv {i≤n-t°-≠-Xv. F∂m¬

]≤-Xn-bpsS F√m Xe-ß-fnepw hIp-∏nse F√m-

h¿°pw Bib hn\n-ab {]h¿Ø-\-Øns‚ ASn-

18tbmP\

s^{_p-hcn 2016

ÿm-\-Øn¬ B\p-Iq-ey-ßfpw t{]m’m-l-\-

ßfpw \¬I-Ww.

c≠m-a-Xmbn Bi-b-hn-\n-ab hn`m-K-Ønse

F√m DtZym-K-ÿcpsSbpw ÿm]-\-ß-fp-sSbpw

tijn samØ-Øn¬ h¿[n-∏n-°-Ww. am‰-Øn-\p≈

t{]cI kwhn-[m\߃ F√m-bn-SØpw D≠v.

Ahsb B[p-\nI D]-I-c-W-ßfpw kmt¶-XnI

hnZy-Ifpw sIm≠v im‡o-I-cn-°p-Ibpw, sNØn

aq¿® hcp-Øp-Ibpw sNømØ ]£w Ahbv°v

anI® {]I-S\w \S-Øm≥ km[n-°n-√. Bi-b-hn-

\n-ab hnZ-Kv[-cp-sSbpw Cu taJ-e-bnse {]ikvX

ÿm]-\-߃ {]tXy-I-ambn cq]-I-ev]\ sNbvXn-

´p≈ ]mTy-]-≤-Xn-bp-sSbpw ]n¥p-W-tbmsS ASn-

b-¥-c-ambn sNtø≠ _rlØmb {]hr-Øn-bm-Wn-

Xv. Imcy-£-a-X-bp≈ Bib-hn-\n-ab ]cn-io-e\

ÿm]-\-߃°v ]pØ≥ Du¿÷hpw {]tNm-Z-

\hpw \evIn Bthiw ]I-c-Ww. shdpw Iu¨kn-

en-Mn-\p-]-cn, Bg-Øn-ep≈ ]cn-io-e-\-amWv e`y-

am-t°-≠-Xv. CXn\v hm¿Øm-hn-\n-ab {]t£-]W

a{¥m-e-b-Ønse tkmMv B≥Uv {Umam hn`m-Kw,

Zq¿Z¿i≥, BIm-i-hm-Wn, Ub-d-IvS-td‰v Hm^v

HmUntbm hnjz¬ ]ªn-kn‰n XpS-ßnb hn`m-K-

ßsf IqSn ]s¶-Sp-∏n-°m-hp-∂-Xm-Wv.

aq∂m-a-Xmbn, sa®-s∏´ \nco-£Ww, hne-bn-

cp-ج, aqey-\n¿W-bw, Kth-jWw F∂nh

BtcmKy Bi-b-hn-\n-a-b- taJ-e-bnepw Bh-iy-

amWv. CXv Ct∏mƒ Imcy-£-a-ambn \S-°p-∂n-√.

bq´n-sse-tk-j≥ k¿´n-̂ n-°-‰p-Iƒ, t^mt´m-{Km-̂ p-

Iƒ, ]{X dnt∏m¿´p-Iƒ XpS-ßn-bh sXfn-hp-I-fmbn

kzoI-cn-°pI am{X-amWv \ne-hn¬ sNøpI. Kth-

jWw hfsc AI-se-bm-Wv. Cu Ign-hp-Iƒ

B¿÷n-°m≥ t{]m{Kmw amt\-P¿am-scbpw DtZym-

K-ÿ-scbpw im‡o-I-cn-°-Ww. am{X-hp-a√ ]¶m-fn-

I-fmb hnhn[ GP≥kn-Isf Kth-j-W-߃°v

t{]cn-∏n-°p-Ibpw thK-Ønepw KpW-]-c-ambpw Ah

hne-bn-cp-Øp-Ibpw sNø-Ww. BtcmKy Bi-b-hn-

\n-ab {]h¿Ø-\- kqN-I-ßfpsS \nco-£WamWv

as‰mcp taJ-e. CXn¬ an° kqN-I-ßfpw am\-Z-

fi-ßfpw ]cn-jvI-cn-t°≠ Imew Ft∂ Ign-™-

Xm-Wv. BtcmKy Bi-b-hn -\n -a -b-Øns‚

^oUv_m°v, t^mtfm-A]v F∂n-hbpsS kwhn-[m-

\-ßfpw i‡n-s∏-Sp-tØ≠-Xp-≠v.

\mem-a-Xmbn, BtcmKy Bi-b-hn-\n-a-b-

Øns‚ {Iob-fl-I-amb Bhn-jvIm-c-Øn-\p≈ kma-

{Kn-Ifpw {]h¿Ø-\-ßfpw ASn-apSn amt‰-≠-Xp-≠v.

Bi-b-hn-\n-ab kma-{Kn-Iƒ B`y-¥cambn cq]-I-

ev]\ sNøm-≥ hy‡n-Iƒ°pw ÿm]-\-߃°pw

]cn-an-Xn-I-fp-≠v. ktμ-i-Øns‚ KpW-\n-e-hm-cw,

AXns‚ cq]-I-ev]-\, hn\ymkw XpS-ßn-b-h-sb√mw

Cu taJ-e-bn¬ sh√p-hn-fn-Iƒ Db¿Øp-∂p. c≠p

am¿Kß-fn-eq-sS-bm-Wv Bi-b-hn-\n-ab DXv]∂-߃

cq]-I-ev]\ sNøp-∂Xpw hnX-cWw sNøp-∂-Xpw.

B`y-¥-c-am-bpw _mly tkh-\-߃ hgn-bpw.

_mly-tk-h-\-߃ D]-tbm-K-s∏-Sp-Øp-tºmƒ

{Ibw, \S-Øn-∏v, hne XpS-ßnb {]iv\-߃ D≠v.

Fs¥m-s°-bm-bmepw {][m\w Ah A\p-hm-N-I-

cp-sS Bh-iy-ß-fp-ambn HØp t]mIp-∂pthm F∂p-

≈-Xm-Wv. as‰mcp sh√p-hnfn Nne-t∏mƒ Chsb

kwÿm-\-Øns‚ ]c-ky-{]-Nm-c-Wm¿∞w D]-tbm-

K-s∏-Sp-Øp∂p F∂-Xm-Wv. C°m-cy-Øn¬ HutZym-

Kn-Ihpw B[n-Im-cn-I-hp-amb \n¿t±-i-߃ Cs√-

¶n¬ CØcw \S-]-Sn-Iƒ Hgn-hm-°-Ww. hymh-km-

bnI Bi-b-hn-\n-a-bhpambn Xmc-Xayw sNøp-tºmƒ

kmaq-lnI Bi-b-hn-\n-a-bw (k¿°m¿ Bi-b-hn-

\n-a-bw) hnc-khpw shdpw NS-ßpw am{X-am-Wv. CXv

amd-Ww. CXv Bi-b-hn-\n-a-bsØ am{X-a-√,

Kh¨sa‚ns‚ tkh\ {]Xn-—m-b-sbbpw hyXy-

kvX-am°pw. P\-{i≤ BI¿jn-°m≥ ktμ-i-

߃°v ]pXnb N -́°q-Spw Ah-ÿ-bpw Bh-iy-am-

bn-cn-°p-∂p. CXn-eqsS am{Xsa Ahsc am‰-Øn-

tebv°v BIr-jvS-cm-°m-\m-Iq.

A©m-a-Xm-bn, tI{μØnsebpw kwÿm-

\ßfnsebpw BtcmKy Bi-b-hn-\n-ab kwhn-[m-

\-߃ ]cn-jv°-cnt°≠n-bn-cn-°p-∂p. tI{μ-

Ønse sFCkn (IEC) hn`m-Khpw kwÿm-\-ß-

fnse sFCkn _yqtdm-Ifpw Pn√-I-fnse GXm\pw

DtZym-K-ÿ¿ am{X-ap≈ _nknkn sk√p-Ifpw

BWv \ne-hn-ep≈ kwhn-[m-\w. Chn-sS-bmWv

19tbmP\s^{_p-hcn 2016

sFCkn kma-{Kn-I-fpsS DXv]m-Z-\hpw hnX-c-Whpw

\S-°p-∂-Xv. h¿j-߃°p apºv Bcw-̀ n® Bi-

b-hn-\n-ab hn`mKw AXns‚ LS-\bpw {]h¿Ø\

coXnbpw CtX hsc ]cn-jvI-cn-®n-́ n-√. Ah-bnse

{]h¿Ø-I-cm-Is´ hm¿Ø-Iƒ \nco-£n-°p-∂-hcpw

dnt∏m¿´p-Iƒ Fgp-Xp-∂-hcpw hnhn[ DtZym-K-

ÿ¿°pw hIp-∏p-Iƒ°p-ambn ]{X-°p-dn-∏p-Iƒ X-

bm-dm-°p-∂-hcpw am{Xw. kmaq-lnI am‰-Øn\pw

s]cp-am‰ ]cn-h¿Ø-\-Øn-\pam-bp≈ \b-X{¥

Bi-b-hn-\n-a-b-Øns‚ ]c-a-{]-[m-\-amb hnZ-Kv[-

\S-]Sn ]e-t∏mgpw Fhn-sStbm ad™p InS-°p-I-

bm-hpw. AXns\ ]n¥≈n `c-W-]chpw kwLS-

\m]-chpw {]h¿Ø\ ]c-hp-amb LS-I-߃ apt∂-

dp-∂Xp ImWmw.

Bdm-a-Xmbn, BtcmKy Bi-b-hn-\n-ab ]cn-

{i-a-߃ Nn -́s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xn\v F√m Xe-ß-fnepw

]¶m-fnØw D≠m-h-Ww. k∂≤ kwL-S-\-Iƒ

t]mse s]mXp kaq-l-hp-amb ASpØp \nev°p-

∂Xpw Ah-cpsS hnizmkw B¿÷n-®n-́ p-≈-Xp-amb

GP≥kn-Iƒ°v CXpambn kl-I-cn-°mw.

am[y-a-ß-fp-ambn C°m-cy-Øn¬ Hcp ]¶m-

fnØw Bh-iy-am-Wv. CXn-t\mSv A\p-Iq-e-amb

hm¿Ø-Iƒ°v henb {]Nm-cWw e`n-t°-≠Xv

am[y-a-ß-ƒ hgn-bm-Wv. henbhn`mKw P\-߃

am[y-ß-fn-eqsS C°m-cy-߃ Adn-bp-Ibpw a\-kn-

em-°p-I-bpw- sNøpw. AXn-\m¬ am[y-a-ßsf H∏w

\n¿Ø-Ww.AXp-t]mse tIm¿∏-td‰v kzImcy taJ-

e-sbbpw kl-I-cn-∏n-°-Ww. Ah-cpsS \S-Øn-∏v

A\p-`hw, kmt¶-XnI sshZKv[yw XpS-ßn-b-h-

bvs°m∏w tIm¿∏-td‰v tkmjy¬ sdkvt]m¨kn-

_n-en‰n hgn-bp≈ ̂ ≠p-Ifpw Bi-b-hn-\n-ab ]cn-

]m-Sn-Iƒ°v apX¬°q-´m-Ipw. aX-kw-L-S-\-Iƒ,

cmjv{Sob t\Xm-°ƒ, hnZym-`ym-k, Kth-jW

ÿm]-\-߃, sFIy-cmjv{S k` t]mep≈ A¥m-

cmjv{S kwL-S-\-Iƒ, Nmcn-‰-_nƒ kwL-S-\-Iƒ

F∂n-h-sbbpw s]cp-am‰ ]cn-h¿Ø-\-Øn-\p

kzm[o-\n-°m≥ ]¶m-fn-I-fm-°mw.

C¥y-bnse \bX{¥-]-c-amb BtcmKy Bi-

b-hn-\n-ab ]cn-{i-a-߃ ASn-b-¥-c-ambn im‡o-

I-cn-t°≠n-bn-cn-°p-∂p. F¶n¬ am{Xta Btcm-Ky

-Zu-Xy-߃°v AXv thKX ]I-cp-I-bp-≈p. kmw{I-

an-Ihpw A√m-Ø-Xp-amb tcmK-߃ henb _m[y-

X-bmbn cmPysØ {Kkn-°p-tºmƒ AXns\ eLq-

I-cn-°m≥ {Inbmfl-Ihpw \n¿_-‘n-Xhpamb s]cp-

am‰ ]cn-h¿Ø-\-Øn\p am{Xsa km[n-°p-I-bp-≈p.

sa®-s∏´ BtcmKy ioe-߃ kaq-l-Øn¬ D≠m-

Ip-∂-Xn\v P\-ß-fpsS t_m[y-߃ {Inbm-fl-I-

ambn amdWw. Chn-sS, BtcmKy t_m[-h-Xv°-c-

W-Øns‚ i‡nbpw hmKvZm -\hpw shdpw

km[ymXm Xe-Ønepw Be-¶m-cnI Xe-Ønepw

A√, adn®v 12 -˛mw ]≤-Xn -bpsS e£y-߃

km£mXv°-cn-®p- sIm≠v henb ]cn-h¿Ø\w

km[y-am-°p-∂-Xn-emWv \ne-sIm-≈p-∂-Xv.

(ko\n-b¿ IΩyq-Wn-t°-j≥ kvs]jy-enÃpw

\yqU¬ln-bnse IIMCbn¬ s{]m -̂k-dp-amWv

teJ-I≥)

IRNSS-1EC¥y-bpsS {]mtZ-inI KXn-\n¿Wb D]-{Kl irwJ-e-bpsS (IRNSS) `mK-amb A©m-

asØ D]-{Klw IRNSS-1E 2006 P\p-hcn 20˛\v hnP-b-I-c-ambn {`a-W-]-Y-Øn-se-Øn. BsI 7

D]-{K-l-ß-fmWv C¥y-bpsS KXn \n¿Wb D]-{Kl irwJ-e-bpsS `mK-ambn D≈-Xv. 1425

Intem {Kmw `mc-ap≈ t]S-I-Øns\ ]nF-kv-F¬hn-̨ kn 31 (PSLV-C31) tdm°‰mWv {`a-W-]-Y-

Øn¬ FØn-®-Xv. ]n.-F-kv.-F¬.-hn.-bpsS 33˛maXv hnP-b-I-c-amb ZuXy-am-bn-cp-∂p CXv. c≠v

t]tem-Up-I-fmWv IRNSS-1E bn¬ D≈-Xv.

hn⁄m-\-]mX

20tbmP\

s^{_p-hcn 2016

BtKmf BtcmKy ]cn-c-£bpwkpÿnc hnI-k\ e£y-ßfpw

tUm. N{μ-Im¥v elmcnb

tcmK {]Xn-tcm-[w, tcmK \nhm-c-Ww, ]p\x-c-[n-hmkw XpSßn BtcmKy ]cn-]m-e-\w kw_-

‘n® hnhn[ taJ-e-I-fnse tkh\w Gh¿°pw

e`y-am-°p-I, AtX-k-abw CØcw tkh-\-

߃°mbn ]Ww apS-°p-tºmƒ P\-߃ kmº-

Øn-I-amb _p≤n-ap-́ p-Iƒ A\p-̀ -hn-°m-Xn-cn-°pI

F∂o e£y-ß-fmWv BtKmf BtcmKy ]cn-c£

(Universal Health Coverage - UHC) F∂-Xp-sIm≠v

A¿∞-am-°p-∂-Xv. BtKmf BtcmKy ]cn-c£

(UHC) F∂ k¶-ev]hpw A`n-em-jhpw \S-∏n-em-

°p-hm-\pw, AXn-eqsS BtcmKy cwKØv ka-{K-

amb am‰w sIm≠p-h-cp-hm\pw AwK-cm-Py-߃ Ah-

c-h-cp-tS-Xmb BtcmKy [\-hn-\n-ab kwhn-[m-\-

߃ D≠m-°n-sb-Sp-°-W-sa∂v 2005se temI

BtcmKy Akw-ªn-bnse {]Xn⁄ (WHA 58.33)

\n¿t±-in-°p-∂p. 2008sebpw, 2010sebpw temI

BtcmKy dnt∏m¿ v́ (World Health Report) se Xe-

s°-́ p-Iƒ bYm-{Iaw ˛ ""{]mY-anI BtcmKy kwc-

£Ww : F√m Ime-Øn-tebv°pw'' (Primary Health

Care : More than Ever), ""BtcmKy taJ-e-bnse [\-

hn-\n-tbmKw: BtKmf ]cn-c-£-bn-te-°p≈ hgn''

(Health System Financing : The Path to Universal

Coverage), F∂n-ßs\ Bbn-cp-∂p. BtcmKy ]cn-

c£ F∂ hnj-b-Øn¬ IqSp-X¬ Kth-j-W-߃

hym]n-∏n-°p-hm\pw e£yw \ne-\n¿Øp-hm\pw

Du∂¬ \evIn. Cu Ime-b-f-hn¬ {_ko¬,

saIvkn-t°m, In¿Kn-ÿm≥, Xmbve≥Uv, ssN\

XpS-ßnb cmPy-߃ Btcm-Ky-̨ -km-º-ØnI ]cn-

jvIm-c-߃ \S-∏m-°p-∂-Xn-t\m-sSm∏w BtcmKy

tkh-\-߃ IqSp-X¬t]¿°v \¬In apt∂-dn.

BtKmf BtcmKy ]cn-c£ F∂ hnjbw

hnhn[ BtKmf N¿®m-th-Zn-I-fn¬ {i≤ ]nSn-®p-]-

‰p-Ibpw AXn-\-\p-_-‘-ambn temI BtcmKy

Akw-ªn- 2011epw (WHA 64.9) sFIy-cmjv{S k -̀

bpsS P\-d¬ Akwªn 2012 Unkw-_¿ 12 (A/67/

L-36)epw BtKmf BtcmKy ]cn-c-£sb kw_-

‘n® {]Xn⁄ ]m m-°n. sFIy-cmjv{S k`-

bpsS Cu {]Xn⁄ Hcp \mgn-I-°√v F∂v hnti-

jn-∏n-°p∂ H∂m-Wv. Imc-Ww, Cu {]Xn-⁄-bn-

eqsS BtKmf BtcmKy ]cn-c£ F∂ hnj-b-

Øns‚ AP-≠-bpsS hym]vXn hnkvXr-X-am-°p-I-

bpw, AXv temI BtcmKy Akw-ªn-bn¬ kw_-

‘n® BtcmKy a{¥n-am-cn¬ \n∂pw sFIy-cmjv{S

k -̀bn¬ k∂n-ln-X-cmb temI t\Xm-°-fp-tSbpw

hntZ-i-Imcy a{¥n-am-cp-tSbpw ssII-fn-se-Øn-°p-

21tbmP\s^{_p-hcn 2016

Ibpw sNbvXp. UHCsb Ipdn-®p≈ sFIy-cmjv{S

k`-bpsS {]Xn-⁄-bpsS kvac-W-°mbn 2014

Unkw-_¿ 12\v BZy-ambn BtKmf BtcmKy ]cn-

c-£m-Zn-\w (UHC Day) BN-cn-°p-I-bpw, XpS¿∂v

F√m h¿jhpw Unkw-_¿ 12\v UHC Zn\-ambn

BN-cn-°p-hm≥ Xocp-am\w ssIs°m-≈p-Ibpw

sNbvXp. Ign™ ]Øp-h¿j-°mew sIm≠v UHC

F∂ hnj-b-Øn¬ ÿnc-amb N¿®-Ifpw {]Xn-

⁄-Ifpw a‰pw ta¬]-d™ hnhn[ kwL-S-\-

Iƒ°v \S-Øp-Ibpw BtKmf BtcmKy ]cn-c£

F∂ hnj-b-Øns‚ {]m[m-\y-sØ-°p-dn®v Hcp

A`n-{]mb sFIyw cq]o-I-cn-°p-hm≥ km[n-°p-

Ibpw sNbvXn-́ p-≠v. temIm-tcmKy kwL-S-\-bpsS

Ub-d-IvS¿ P\-d¬ am¿Kc‰v Nm\ns‚ A`n-{]mb

{]Imcw BtKmf BtcmKy ]cn-c£ F∂Xv

s]mXp-P-\m-tcm-KysØ kw_-‘n-°p∂ G‰hpw

i‡-amb Hcp Bibw BWv.

hn-emtWm BtcmKy tkh\w e`y-am-Ip-∂Xv XpS-

ßnb Imcy-߃ UHC CubeeqsS hy‡-am-Ipw.

Bb-Xn-\m¬ tcmK-ß-sf-°p-dn-®p≈ bmYm¿∞y

sØ A`n-kw-t_m-[\ sNøp-Ibpw Cu UHC

Cube\v D≈nepw ]pdØpw ImW-s∏-Sp∂ BtcmKy

taJ-e-bn-ep≈ hnShv a\- n-em-°p-Ibpw thWw.

C°m-cWw sIm≠p Xs∂ BtKmf BtcmKy ]cn-

c£ F∂-Xns\ Hcp e£yw F∂-Xn-ep-]cn Btcm-

Ky-cw-KsØ Hcp ]mX Bbn BWv IW-°m-t°-

≠-Xv. BtKmf BtcmKy ]cn-c£ F∂ hnj-b-

Øn¬ ]ptcm-KXn sIm≠p-h-cm≥ Hcp cmPy-Øn\v

10˛15 h¿jw hsc \ymb-ambpw th≠n-hcpw

F∂mWv Icp-X-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv.

BtKmf BtcmKy ]cn-c-£bpw

C¥ybpw

2005¬ temI BtcmKy Akw-ªn-bnse

AwKw F∂ \nebv°v C¥ybpw UHC {]Xn-⁄-

bpsS `mK-am-Wv. F∂m¬ BtKmf BtcmKy ]cn-

c£ F∂ hnjbw A∂v cmPyØv N¿® sNbvXn-

cp-∂n-s√-¶n-epw, C¥y-bnse BtcmKy cwK-sØbpw

P\-ß-fpsS Btcm-Ky-sØbpw sa®-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-

Xn\p th≠n 2015 G{]n¬ 12\v tZiob {KmaoW

Btcm-Ky-an-j\v (NRHM) cq]w \¬In.

cmjv{Sob kzmkvXy ̀ oam tbmP\ (RSBY)

ZznXob Xe-Øn-ep≈ Bip-]-{Xn-bnse Nne-

hp-Iƒ°mbn Zmcn-{Z-tc-Jbv°v Xmsg D≈-h¿°v

cmjv{Sob kzmkvXy `oam tbmP\ (RSBY) bpw,

kmº-ØnI kpc-£n-X-Xz-Øn-\mbn a‰p-Nne ]≤-

Xn-Ifpw Nne kwÿm-\-߃ 2007--̨ 08 Ime-b-f-hn¬

\S-∏n-em-°n. 2010se temI BtcmKy dnt∏m¿´v

kam-cw-̀ n-®-tXm-sS, BtKmf BtcmKy ]cn-c£ Dd-

∏p-h-cp-Øm-\m-bn, πm\nwKv IΩo-j≥ D∂-X-Xe

hnZKv[ IΩ-‰nsb \nb-an-®p. Cu IΩ‰n 2011 HIvtSm-

_-tdmsS Ah-cpsS ip]m¿i AS-ßnb dnt∏m¿ v́

ka¿∏n-°p-Ibpw Cu dnt∏m¿ v́ ]{¥-≠m-aXv ]©-

h-’c ]≤Xn (2012˛17) bpsS Bkq-{X-W-Øn¬

D]-tbm-Kn-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. ]{¥≠mw ]©-h-

’c ]≤Xn {]Imcw BtKmf BtcmKy ]cn-c£

F∂Xv kwÿm-\-ß-fnse 2 Pn√-I-fn¬ ss]e‰v

BtKmf BtcmKy ]cn-c-£-bv°v, P\-ß-

fpsS ]cn-c-£, BtcmKy ]cn-c-£, kmº-ØnI

]cn-c£ F∂n-ßs\ aq∂v Af-hp-tIm-ep-Iƒ

I¬∏n-°-s∏-Sp-I-bpw, Ahsb "UHC Cube' AYhm

"UHC Ih-tdPv t_mIvkv' F∂v Adn-b-s∏-Sp-Ibpw

sNøp-∂p. Cu Iyq_v \nco-£n-°p-∂-Xn-eqsS Hcp

cmPyØv F{X-tØmfw BtcmKy ]cn-c£ \S-∏n-

em°n F∂ a\- n-em-°p-hm\mIpw. Hcp cmPyØv

sNdnb Hcp hn`m-K-Øn\p am{Xta BtcmKy

tkh\w e`y-am-bn-́ p-t≈m, hfsc Ipd®v BtcmKy

tkh-\-ßtf cmPyØv e`y-am-bn-́ p-t≈m, tkh\w

e`y-am-bn-́ p-≈-h¿°v Xs∂ AXv Xmßm-hp∂ Nne-

22tbmP\

s^{_p-hcn 2016

ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ \S-∏n-em-°p-hm≥

\n¿t±-in-®p. \Kc {]tZ-i-ß-fn¬

BtcmKy tkh-\-߃ e`y-am-°p-

hm≥ 2013 tabn¬ \mj-W¬

A¿_≥ sl¬Øv anj≥ (NUHM)

\S-∏n-em-°n. ]n∂oSv NRHM Dw,

NUHMDw kwtbm-Pn-∏n®v \mj-

W¬ sl¬Øv anj≥ (NHM)

sIm≠p-h-∂p. ""BtcmKyw F∂

e£y-Øn\p th≠n F√m-h¿°pw

{]m]y-am-b, \ne-hm-c-ap≈ Btcm-Ky-tk-h\w,

hnhn[ Kh-s◊‚ v hn`m-K-ßsf kwtbm-Pn-∏n-®p-

sIm≠v P\-ß-fpsS Bhiyw A\p-k-cn®v ^e-

Øn¬ DØ-c-hm-Zn-Xz-tØmsS \S-∏n-em-°pI'' ˛

F∂ \mj-W¬ sl¬Øv anjs‚ ImgvN-∏mSv

BtKmf BtcmKy ]cn-c-£-bpsS ImgvN-∏m-Sn-t\mSv

tN¿∂v \n¬°p-∂Xv ImWmw. 2014 a[y-tØmsS

BtKmf BtcmKyw Dd∏v hcp-Øm≥ (Universal

Health Assurance, UHA) \nc-h[n \S-]-Sn-{I-a-߃

\S-∏n-em-°n. UHAbpw UHCbpam-bp≈ kmayhpw

FSpØp ]d-b-Ø-°-Xm-Wv. BtKmf BtcmKyw

Dd-∏p-h-cp-ØpI (UHA) F∂ e£yw \S-∏n-em-°m≥

tZiob BtcmKy Ajz-d≥kv anj≥ (NHAM)

F∂ Hcp ]≤-Xn-bpsS ªq{]n‚pw k¿°m¿ Xøm-

dm-°n. 2015 G{]nen¬ RSBY ]≤Xn tI{μ sXmgn¬

a{¥m-e-b-Øns‚ ]cn-[n -bn¬ \n∂pw tI{μ

BtcmKy IpSpw-_-t£a a{¥m-e-b-Øns‚ ]cn-[n-

bn-te°v am‰n. ]pXnb tZiob BtcmKy \b-

Øns‚ ]pXnb cq]-tcJ Ct∏mƒ AXns‚ Ah-

km-\-L-́ -Øn-em-Wv. CXn¬ BtKmf BtcmKy ]cn-

c-£bv°v Du∂¬ \¬In-bn-́ p-≠v. hnim-e-amb Hcp

ImgvN-∏m-Sn¬ C¥y-bn¬ BtKmf BtcmKy ]cn-

c£ F∂ e£yw \S-∏n-em-°p-hm-\p≈ ASn-Ød

CXn-\Iw ]mIn-°-gn-™p. C\n AXn-\p-th-≠n-

bp≈ AwKo-Im-c-hpw, {ZpX-K-Xn-bn¬ \S-∏n¬ hcp-

Øp-∂-Xn-\p≈ \S-]-Sn-Ifpw hcm≥ A[nIw ImØn-

cn-t°-≠n-h-cn√.

kpÿnc hnI-k\ e£y-ßfpw UHCbpw

hcp∂ ]Xn-\-©p-h¿j Ime-b-f-hn-te°v

BtKmf hnI-k\w e£y-am-°n-bpw, ant√\nbw

Uh-e-]vsa‚ v e£y-ß-fn¬ (MDG)

sNbvXp-h∂ tPmen-Iƒ XpS-cp-∂-

Xn\p th≠n-bpw, sFIy-cm-jv{S-k`,

2015 sk]v‰w_¿ 25\v temI cmPy-

ß-fnse t\Xm-°-∑msc ]s¶-Sp-∏n®v

kpÿnc hnI-k\ ktΩ-f-\w (UN

Sustainable Development Sumit) \S-

Øp-Ibpw kpÿnc hnI-k\ e£y-

߃°v (Sustainable Development

Goals) AwKo-Imcw \¬Ip-Ibpw

sNbvXp. kpÿnc hnI-k-\-Øn-\mbn 2030 am≠v

e£y-an-´p-sIm≠v 17 kpÿnc hnI-k\ e£y-

ßfpw 169 A\p-_‘ e£y-ßfpw Cu ktΩ-f-\-

Øn¬ AwKo-I-cn-®p. Zmcn-{Zyw, ]´n-Wn, BtcmKy

hnZym-̀ ym-kw, enwK-k-a-Xzw, sh≈hpw ipNn-Xz-hpw,

Du¿÷w, sXmgnepw kmº-ØnI hf¿®-bpw, hyh-

km-bhpw ASn-ÿm\ kuI-cy-ß-fpw, Ak-a-Xzw,

\K-c-߃, Imem-hÿ XpS-ßn-bh 17 kpÿnc

hnI-k\ e£y-ß-fn¬ Dƒs∏-Sp-∂p. ""Gh¿°pw

imco-cn-I-˛-am-\-knI BtcmKyw Db¿Øp-hm\pw

F√m-h-cp-sSbpw Pohn-X-ssZ¿Lyw h¿≤n-∏n-°p-

hm\pw anI® BtcmKy tkh-\-Øns‚ e`yX Dd-

∏p-h-cp-Øp-Ibpw AXn-eqsS BtKmf BtcmKy

]cn-c£ Dd-∏m-°p-Ibpw thWw'' ̨ F∂v kpÿnc

hnI-k\ e£yw 2030s‚ AP-≠-bmbn Bap-J-

Øn¬ ]d-bp-∂p-≠v.

Zmcn-{ZysØ \n¿Ωm¿P\w sNbvXv cmPysØ

kº-ZvL-S-\sb apt∂m v́ \bn-°p-hm≥ Btcm-Ky-

ap≈ P\X AXy-¥m-t]-£n-X-am-Wv. UHC F∂Xv

F√m-h¿°pw BtcmKyw F∂ e£y-Øn\p

th≠n hnhn[ taJ-e-Isf kwtbm-Pn-∏n-°p-∂p. Hcp

cmPyw F∂ \nebv°v kpÿnc hnI-k\ e£y-

߃ t\Sn-sb-Sp-°m\pw BtcmKy taJ-e-bn¬ a‰p

cmPy-ß-tfmSv tN¿∂v {]h¿Øn-°p-hm-\p≈ ASn-

Ød C¥y ]mIn-°-gn-™n-cn-°p-∂p. C\n Ah ̂ e-

{]m-]vXn-bn-se-Øn-°m-\p≈ A¿∞-h-Ømb Iq´mb

{ia-ß-fm-Wv th≠-Xv.

(WHO bpsS BtKmf BtcmKy ]cn-c£m

ZuXy-Ønse C¥y≥ {]Xn-\n-[n-bmWv

teJ-I≥)

23tbmP\s^{_p-hcn 2016

F®v.-sF.hn\nhm-c-W- ZuXyw:Hcp hnI-k\hnPb amXrI

A¬°m- \m-cw-Kv, Gbv©em Nu[cn

2015 se tZiob F®v.-sF.hn IW°p {]Im-cw, cmPyØv GI-tZiw 21.17 e£w P\-߃ HIV

_m[-bp-ambn Pohn-°p-∂p. CXv C¥ysb HIV

_m[n-X-cp≈ G‰hpw henb aq∂m-sØ cmPy-am°n

am‰p-∂p. 1987¬, sNss∂-bn¬ BZy HIV tcmKnsb

Xncn-®-dn-™Xp apX¬, {]kvXpX ASn-b-¥c {]Xn-

k-‘n-tbmSp {]Xn-I-cn-°p-∂-Xn¬ Akm-[m-cW

cmjv{Sob C—mi-‡nbpw NSp-e-Xbpw C¥y {]I-

Sn-∏n-°p-I-bp-≠m-bn. GI-a-\-t msS HsØm-cp-an-

®p≈ C¥y-bpsS Bflm¿∏Ww, a‰v temI cmjv{S-

ßfp-ambn Xmc-Xayw sNøp-tºmƒ, anI® HIV {]Xn-

tcm[ am¿K-߃°v DZm-l-c-W-ambn IW-°m-°m-

hp-∂-Xm-Wv. P\m-[n-]Xy `cWw F∂ \nebv°v

amdn-amdn hcp∂ k¿°m-cp-Ifpw HIV F∂ ]I¿®-

hym-Ynsb t\cn-Sm-\p≈ cmjv{Sob C—m-i‡n {]I-

S-am-°n. £bw, ate-dn-b, IpjvTw XpS-ßnb tcmK-

ß-fp-ambn Xmc-Xayw sNøp-tºmƒ HIV _m[n-X-

cpsS FÆw Xptemw Ipd-hm-sW-¶n-epw, Kh-s◊‚p-

Iƒ C°m-cy-Øn¬ {]iw-k-\o-b-amb \S-]-Sn-Iƒ

BWv ssIsIm-≠n-´p-≈-Xv. C°m-cWw sIm≠p-

Xs∂ Ign™ Zim-_vZ-Im-eØv 0.41% tcmK-_m-[-

bpw, ]I¿®bpw D≠m-bn-cp-∂p-sh-¶n¬ AXv 2015¬

0.26% Bbn Ipd-™-Xmbn ImWp-∂p. A©p-h¿jw

ssZ¿Ly-ap≈ 3 tZiob AIDS \nhm-cW ]≤Xn

CXn-t\m-SIw Xs∂ C¥y ]q¿Øo-I-cn-®p. \memw

tZiob FbvUvkv \nhm-cW ]≤XnbmWv Ct∏mƒ

\S-∏m-°n-h-cp-∂-Xv. C¥y-bnse F®v.-sF.-hn.-tbm-

Sp≈ {]Xn-I-c-W-߃ \nco-£n-®m¬ [mcmfw ]mT-

߃ ]Tn-°p-hm-\m-Ipw. \nc-h[n {]Xn-k‘n L -́

ß-fpw, cmPysØ sshhn-[y-am¿∂ kml-N-cy-

ßfpw D≠m-bn-cp-∂n-́ pw, HIV tcmK hym]-\-Øn\p

Hcp ]cn-[n-hsc XS-bn-Sm≥ tZiob AIDS \nb-{¥W

]cn-]m-Sn°v km[n-®n-́ p≠v F∂Xv Nmcn-Xm¿∞yw

D≠m-°p-∂p.

tZiob FbvUvkv \nb-{¥W ]cn-]mSn (Na-

tional AIDS Control Prgramme, NACP) hy‡-amb

am¿K\n¿tZ-i-߃ XXz߃ ]pd-s∏-Sp-hn-°pI hgn

FbvUvkv {]Xn-tcm[ ]cn-]m-Sn°v i‡-amb ASn-

Ød Db¿Øn-I-gn-™p. XpeyX, F√m-h-tcbpw

Dƒs∏-Sp-ج, _lp-Xe {]Xn-I-cWw F∂-Xn¬

A[n-jvTn-X-hpw, ]m¿iz-h-Xv°-cn-°-s∏-´-h¿°v

A¥ pw _lp-am-\hpw Dd-∏m-°¬ XpS-ßn-b-h-

bmWv NACP bpsS ASn-ÿm\ XXz-ß-fmbn IW-

°m-°p-∂-Xv.

F®v.-sF.hn t\cn-Sp-∂-Xn¬ Hcp hntI-{μo-

IrX kao-]\w Bh-iy-am-bn-cp-∂p. AXns‚ `mK-

ambn t\csØ Xs∂ kwÿm\ FbvUvkv \nb-

{¥W skmssk-‰n-Iƒ (State AIDS Control Soci-

ety, SACS) ÿm]n-°p-I-bp-≠m-bn. F®v.-sF.hn

_m[ \K-c-ß-fn¬ \n∂pw {KmaoW taJ-e-I-fn-

te°p \oßn-b-tXmsS Pn√m FbvUvkv {]Xn-tcm[-

24tbmP\

s^{_p-hcn 2016

˛-\n-b-{¥W bpWn‰v (District AIDS Preventive &

Control Unit), hS-°p-In-g-°≥ {]mtZ-inI Imcym-

ebw (NERO) XpS-ßn-bh cq]o-I-cn-°p-∂-Xn-eqsS

IqSp-X¬ hntI-{μo-I-cWw \S-∏m-°n. ASn-ÿm\

kuIcy hnI-k-\-Øn¬ Xmc-X-tay\ ]nt∂m°w

\n¬°p∂ hS-°p-In-g-°≥ taJ-e-bnse sh√p-hn-

fn-Isf ]cn-l-cn-°p-hm≥ hS-°p-In-g-°≥ taJ-e-

bnse {]mtZ-inI Imcym-e-b-Øn\v km[n-®n-́ p-≠v.

C¥y-bnse HIV _m[n-X-cpsS IW-s°-Sp-°p-tºmƒ

ImWp∂ {it≤-b-amb Hcp Imcyw, AWp-_m[

{][m-\-ambpw I≠p-h-cp-∂Xv kv{Xo ssewKnI

sXmgn-em-fn-Iƒ, ]pcp-j-∑m-cp-ambn ssewKn-_‘w

]pe¿Øp∂ ]pcp-j-∑m¿, `n∂-enw-K-°m¿, ab-°p-

a-cp∂v IpØn-h-bv°p-∂-h¿ F∂n-ß-s\-bp≈ P\-

hn-`m-K-ß-fn-emWv. HIV {]Xn-tcm[ ]cn-]m-Sn-Iƒ

hnhn[ taJ-e-Isf IqSn _‘n-∏n-°p-∂-Xn-\p-X-Ip-

∂Xp sIm≠p Xs∂ Kh-s◊‚ns‚ X{¥-{]-[m-\-

amb HIV {]Xn-tcm[ ]cn-{i-a-ß-fn¬ F√mw Xs∂

ta¬∏-d™ P\-hn-̀ m-K-ßsf apgp-h≥ Dƒs°m-≈n-

®p≈ Hcp coXn Bbn-cn-°Ww Ah-ew-_n-t°-≠Xv.

HIV {]Xn-tcm[w:

_lp-Xe kao-]\w

HIV {]Xn-tcm[w F∂ e£y-Øn\p th≠n

\nc-h[n k¶o¿Æ-amb sh√p-hn-fn-Iƒ t\cn-tS≠n

hcp-∂Xp sIm≠v Hcp _lp-Xe kao-]-\-amWv Cu

hnj-b-Øn¬ kzoI-cn-t°-≠Xv. Cu Hcp kao-]\w

tZiob AIDS {]Xn-tcm[ \nb-{¥W ]cn-]m-Sn-bpsS

\b-Øn¬ t]cn\p th≠n Iq´n-t®¿°pI am{X-a-

√, adn®v {KmaoW hnI-k\ a{¥m-ebw, sXmgn¬

a{¥m-e-bw, kmaq-ly-\oXn im‡o-I-cW a{¥m-

ebw XpSßn 22 hnhn[ a{¥m-e-b-ßsf Cu e£y-

Øn\p th≠n {i≤m-]q¿Δw \ntbm-Kn-°p-I-bm-bn-

cp-∂p. FbvUvkv F∂ _m[y-Xsb t\cn-Sp-∂-Xn-

\mbn hnhn[ a{¥m-e-b-ß-fpsS {]m[n-\n-[y-tØmsS

tZiob FbvUvkv kanXn (National Council on

AIDS) 2005¬ cq]o-I-cn-®p.

FbvUvkv \nb-{¥W ]cn-]m-Sn-bpsS \memw

L -́Øn¬ kzImcy taJ-e-sbbpw a‰v Kh-s◊‚ v

Un∏m¿´p -sa‚p -I -sfbpw apJ-[m -c -bn -te°v

sIm≠ph∂v \nb-{¥W ]cn-]m-Sn-bn¬ Ah-cpsS

]¶m-fnØw Dd-∏p-h-cp-Øp∂ Hcp {]mtbm-KnI coXn-

bmWv Ah-ew-_n-®n-´p-≈-Xv. HIV _m[n-X-cmb

hy‡n-Iƒ°v hyXykvX a{¥m-e-b-߃ \S-∏n-em-

°n-bn-́ p≈ kmaqly kpc£m ]≤-Xn-I-fmWv Cu

Iq´m-bp≈ {]h¿Ø-\-Øn\v DZm-l-c-Ww. HIV {]Xn-

tcm-[-Øn\pw \nb-{¥-W-Øn\pw th≠n tI{μ

Btcm-Ky-a-{¥m-ebw 14 hyXykvX a{¥m-e-b-ß-fp-

ambn [mcWm ]{X-ß-fpsS cq]-Øn¬ ]¶m-fnØ

Icm-dp-Ifpw H∏p-h-́ n-®p-≠v.

CØcw hnI-k\ Imcy-ß-fn¬ cmjv{Sob

]n¥p-Wbpw XmXv]-cyhpw DW¿tØ-≠Xv AXy-

¥m-t]-£n-X-am-Wv. F®v.-sF.-hn-s°-Xnsc t]mcm-

Sm≥ cmPysØ F√m Xe-ß-fn-ep-ap≈ cmjv{Sob

t\Xm-°-fp-tSbpw \b-kr-jvSm-°-fp-tSbpw kam-[m-

\hpw kwtbm-Pn-X-hp-amb ]n¥pW e`y-am-bn.

I£n t`Z-at\y F√m cmjv{Sob I£n-I-fn¬

\n∂pw A`q-X-]q¿h-amb ]n¥p-W-bmWv tZiob

FbvUvkv {]Xn-tcm[ \nb-{¥-W-Øn\v e`n-®-Xv.

]©-h-’c ]≤-Xn-I-fn¬ F®v.-sF.-hn.sb Dƒs∏-

-Sp-Øp-∂Xp kw_-‘n®v \b-cq-]o-I-cWw \S-Øp-

∂-h-cn¬ Cu \nb-a-Øn¬ Ah-t_m[w krjvSn-

°p-hm≥ e£y-ap≈ ]m¿e-sa‚dn t^md-amb

FbvUvkv tZio-b-k-anXn t]mep-≈-h-bpsS cq]o-

I-cWw HIV/AIDS s\ ap≥K-W-\-tbmsS ssIImcyw

sNøm-\p≈ k¿°m-cns‚ Dt±-iy-Øn-\p≈ aXn-

25tbmP\s^{_p-hcn 2016

bmb sXfn-hm-Wv. tZiob FbvUvkv {]Xn-tcm[

\nb-{¥W ]cn-]m-Sn-bpsS ̀ mK-amb HIV sk‚n-\¬

k¿ssh-e≥kv (HIV Sentinel Serveillance System,

HSS) ]≤Xn temI-Ønse Xs∂ G‰hpw _rl-

Ømb HIV \nco-£W kwhn-[m\w BWv. hnhn[

P\-hn-`m-K-ß-fn-ep≈ tcmK-Øns‚ {]h-W-Xbpw

Aghpw a\- n-em-°p-hm≥ Cu kwhn-[m-\-Øn-eqsS

km[y-am-Ip-∂p.

tZiob FbvUvkv \nb-{¥W kwL-S-\,

ss]e‰v amXr-I-Iƒ hnI-kn-∏n-°p-∂-Xn-epw, hnPb

]cm-P-b-ß-fn¬ \n∂v ]mT-߃ Dƒs°m-≈p-∂-

Xnepw ZrV-ambn hniz-kn-°p-∂p. FbvUvkn-s\-

Xnsc Ah-t_m[w krjvSn-°pI F∂ tZiob

ZuXy-Øn-\mbn cmPy-sa-ºmSpw ktΩ-f-\-߃,

inev]-im-e-Iƒ, C˛t^md-߃, skan\m-dp-Iƒ

F∂nh kwL-Sn-∏n-°p-∂Xpw ]≤Xn \S-Øn-∏n\v

Gsd KpW-I-c-am-bn. kmt¶-XnI hnZ-Kv≤¿, A°m-

Z-an-Iv-˛-K-th-jW C≥Ãv-‰yq-´p-Iƒ Dƒs∏-sS-bp≈

_lp-Xe ]uc kaq-l-hp-am-bpw, kmt¶-XnI ]¶m-

fn-Iƒ, tZiob GtIm-]\ kwhn-[m-\-߃, kmt¶-

XnI {]h-Ø\ hn`m-K-߃ F∂n-h-bp-ambpw kl-

I-cn-®v, {]h¿Ø-\-ß-fn¬ kpXm-cy-Xbpw DØ-c-hm-

Zn-Xzhpw ]pe¿Øm≥ F®v.-sF.hn {]Xn-tcm[

{]h¿Ø-\-ß-fn¬ kpXm-cy-Xbpw DØ-c-hm-Zn-Xzhpw

]pe¿Øm≥ F®v.-sF.hn {]Xn-tcm[ {]h¿Ø-\-

߃°v km[n-®n-́ p-≠v. CXv Cu ]≤-Xn-bpsS anI®

{]IS\-Øn-te°v \bn-®p.

t•m_¬ ̂ ≠v, tK‰vkv ̂ ut≠-j≥, temI-

_m-¶v, sFIycm-jv{S-k-̀ , F∂n-ß-s\-bp≈ \nc-

h[n A¥m-cmjv{S ZmXm-°-fn¬ \n∂p-ap≈ hne-

s∏´ kw`m-h\ FbvUvkv {]Xn-tcm[ ]cn-]m-Sn°v

e`n-°p-I-bp-≠m-bn. 2020˛HmsS t\Sn-sb-Sp-°m≥

C¥ybv°p ap∂n-ep≈ e£y-amWv "90˛90˛90' Sm¿P-

‰v. F®v.sF.hn _m[n-X-cn¬ 90 iX-am-\-Øn\pw

Ah¿ Akp-J-_m-[n-X-cm-sW∂v Adn-hp-≠m-Ip-I,

Aßs\ Adn-™-h-cn¬ 90 iX-am\w t]¿°pw

th≠ {]Xn-tcm[ NnIn’ e`y-am-°p-I, {]Xn-tcm[

NnIn’ tXSp-∂-h-cn¬ 90 iX-am-\-Ønepw NnIn’

^e-h-Øm-sW∂v Dd-∏p-h-cp-ØpI ˛ CXmWv 90-̨ 90-

˛90 Sm¿P-‰v. Cu e£yw ssIh-cn-°-W-sa-¶n¬ ka-

{Khpw Bflm¿∞-]q¿Whpw ̂ em-[n-jvTn-X-hp-amb

kao-]\w F√m-h-cn¬ \n∂pw D≠m-tI-≠n-bn-cn-°p-

∂p. k¿°m-cns‚ `mKØp \n∂p≈ A¿∞-h-

Ømb {ia-߃s°m∏w "FbvUvkv ap‡-am-sbmcp

cmPy' -Øn -\mbn \ap -t°m-tcm -cp -Ø¿°pw

ssItIm¿°mw.

(bp.-F≥.-Un.-]n.-bpsS F®v.-sF.hn \nhm-cWw

kw_-‘n® ZuXy-Øn¬ hnI-k\

{]h¿Ø-I-bmWv teJnI)

hn⁄m-\-]mX

`mcXv s\‰v (Bharat Net)cmPysØ 2.5 e£w ]©m-b-Øp-Iƒ°v 2013 Ah-km-\-tØmsS t{_mUv_m‚ v IW-

£-\p-Iƒ \evIm≥ e£y-an v́ 2011¬ Bhn-jvI-cn® tZiob Hm]v‰n-°¬ ss^_¿ irwJe

(National Optical Fibre Network, NOFN) bpsS ]pXnb cq]-t -̀Z-amWv `mcXv s\‰v (Bharat

Net) CXn-\mbn `mcXv t{_mUv_m‚ v s\‰vh¿°v enan-‰Uv ÿm]n-®p. 2011se NOFN

t{]mPIvSv dnt∏m¿ v́ {]Imcw 100 Mbps thK-X-bn-ep≈ IW-£-\p-Iƒ {Kma-]-©m-b-Øp-

Iƒ°v \¬Im≥ Bbn-cp∂p Xocp-am-\w. C∂v UnPn-‰¬ C¥y ]≤-Xn-bpsS Hcp {][m\

`mK-amb `mcXv s\‰v 2017 HmsS 175 Zi-e£w t{_mUv_m‚ v IW-£-\p-Iƒ \¬Ip-hm≥

e£y-an-Sp-∂p.

26tbmP\

s^{_p-hcn 2016

BZn-hmkn -ta-J-e-bnseBtcmKy ]cn-]m-e\w

2011 se IW-°p-Iƒ {]Imcw cmPysØsamØw P\-kw-Jy-bpsS 8.6 iX-am\w ]´nIh¿K

P\-hn-̀ m-K-am-Wv. AXm-bXv GI-tZiw 10 tImSn.

]m¿iz-h-Xv°cn-°-s∏-́ -hcpw Ah-i-X-b-\p-̀ -hn-°p-

∂-h-cp -amb Cu ]Øp tImSn P\-ß-fpsS

BtcmKyw {][m-\-s∏´ Hcp tZiob hnjbw Xs∂

BI-Ww. Ah-cpsS hfsc ]nt∂m-°m-h-ÿ-bn-

ep≈ kmaq-lnI ˛ kmº-ØnI hnZym-̀ ymk \ne-

hmcw F√m-h¿°pw Adn-hp-≈-Xm-Wv. Ah-cpsS

BtcmKy Ah-ÿ ]cn-tim-[n-°mw.

� ]´nI h¿K-°¿°nS-bnse inip acW \nc°v

Ign™ GXm\pw h¿j-ß-fmbn Ipd®v Ipd-

™n-́ p-≠v. F∂mepw s]mXp P\-hn-̀ m-KsØ

At]-£n®v ac-W-\nc°v hfsc IqSp-X-em-Wv.

\h-Pm-X-in-ip-°-fpsS ac-W-\n-c°v s]mXp-hn-

`m-K-Øn¬ 49 iX-am\w BsW-¶n¬ ]´n-I-

h¿K hn`m-K-Øn¬ AXv 62 iX-am-\-am-Wv. 5

hbkp hsc-bp-≈-h-cpsS ac-W-Øns‚ Imcy-

sa-Sp-Øm¬ s]mXp-hn-`m-K-Øn¬ 59 iX-am-

\hpw ]´n-I-h¿K hn`m-K-Øn¬ CXv 96 iX-am-

\-hp-am-Wv. ]´n-I-h¿K hn`m-K-Øn¬ Ip™p-

ß-fpsS ac-W-\n-c°v a‰v P\-hn-`m-K-ßsf

At]-£n®v aq∂n¬ H∂v IqSp -X-em-Wv.

cmPysØ 7 kwÿm-\-ß-fn¬ CXv kw_-

‘n®v henb A¥cw \ne-\n-ev°p-∂p.

� t]mj-Im-lm-c-Øns‚ Imcy-Øn¬ ]´nI h¿K-

°mcmb Ip´n-I-fpsS Ahÿ apXn¿∂-h-cpsS

t]mse Xs∂ hfsc Zb-\obamWv.

� ]´n-I-h¿K hn`m-K-Øn¬ A©p hb-kn\p

Xmsg -bp≈ 53% B¨Ip-´n -Ifpw 50%

s]¨Ip´nIfpw icoc `mcw Ipd-™-h-cm-Wv.

t^m°kv

tUm.- A-̀ bv _mMv

57% B¨Ip-´n-Ifpw 52% s]¨Ip-´n-Ifpw

hf¿® apc-Sn®v Dbcw Ipd-™-h-cm-Wv.

� t]mj-Im-lmc Ipdhp aqew 49% ]´nI h¿K

kv{XoI-fpsSbpw ico-c-Øns‚ Dbc ˛ `mc

A\p-]mXw 18.5 \p Xmsg-bm-Wv.

� tKm{X-h¿K-°m-cpsS Km¿lnI Blm-c-{I-a-

Øn¬ A∂-Pw, Du¿÷w,-sIm-gp-∏v, Ccp-ºv,

hn‰m-an≥ F, ssdt_m-^vtf-hn≥ XpS-ßnb

Ahiy LS-I-ß-fpsS henb A]-cym-]vXX

D≠v.

t]mj-Im-lmc Ipd-hp-hp≈ ]´n-I-h¿K Ip´n-

IfpsSbpw apXn¿∂-hcpsSbpw kwJy 1985-˛87

apX¬ 2007 ˛08 Ime-L-´-Øn¬ Ipd-™n-´p-≠v.

F∂mepw \ne-hnep≈ `£y-{I-ahpw t]mj-Im-

lmc t]mcmbvabpw AwKo-I-cn-°m-hp-∂-X-√. tKm{X-

k-aq-l-߃°n-S-bn¬ km[m-cW I≠p-h-cp∂

tcmK-ßsf Xmsg ]dbpw {]Imcw Xcw-Xn-cn-°mw.

� hf¿®-bn-√m-bva (t]mj-Im-lm-c-°p-d-hv, kmw{I-

anI tcmK-߃, amXr-inip BtcmKy {]iv\-

߃ apX-em-bh)

� tKm{X-h¿K°m¿°n-S-bn¬ am{Xw ImWp∂

tcmK-߃(Acn-hmƒ tcmKw, arK Zwi-\w, A]-

I-S-߃) apX-em-bh

� B[p-\nI PohnX kmlNcy tcmK-߃ (c‡-

k-Ω¿±w, el-cn, am\-knI ]ncn-ap-dp-°w apX-

em-b-h).

]´n-I-h¿K P\-k-aq-l-hp-ambn hfsc Zp¿_e

_‘ta s]mXp-P-\m-tcmKy tkh-\-Øn-\p-≈p.-A-

Xn\p ]e Imc-W-ß-fp-ap-≠v.

27tbmP\s^{_p-hcn 2016

1). km[m-c-W-°m¿°mbn cq]-I-ev]\ sNbvXn-

´p≈ tZiob Xe {]mY-anI BtcmKy ]cn-]m-

e\ amXrI AtX-]Sn tKm{X-h¿K taJ-e-I-

fn¬ Bh¿Øn-°p-∂Xv tbmPn-®-X-√. ImSpw

{]IrXn i‡n-Ifpw sIm≠p Np‰-s∏´, kmw-

kvIm-cn-I-ambn hyXy-kvX-cm-b, `qan-im-kv{X-]-

c-ambn NnX-dn-°n-S-°p∂ Hcp P\-°q-´Øn\v

BtcmKy ]cn-c£ FØn-°pI hfsc t¢i-

I-c -am -Wv. ]´n -I-PmXn taJ-e-Iƒ°mbn

{]tXyI s]mXp-P-\m-tcmKy ]cn-c£m ]≤Xn

cq]-I-ev]\ sNøp∂-Xns\ Ipdn®v CXp-hsc

Btem-Nn-®n-´n√ F∂Xv \n¿`m-Ky-I-c-amb

hkvXp-X-bm-Wv.

2). tKm{X h¿K taJ-e-I-fn¬ s]mXp-P-\m-tcmKy

]cn-c£ e`y-am-°p-∂-Xn-\p≈ G‰hpw henb

{]Xn-_‘w Ahn-tSbv°v t]mIp-hm≥ k∂-

≤-X-bp≈, ]cn-io-e\w e`n-®n-́ p-≈, tPmen°v

k÷-cmb BtcmKy hIp∏v tPmen-°m-cpsS

A`mh-am-Wv. ]´nIh¿K taJ-e-I-fn-te-bv°v

t]mIm≥ Xøm-dp≈ tUmIvS¿am¿, \gvkp-am¿,

kmt¶-XnI hnZ-Kv[¿ XpS-ßn-b-h¿ s]mXp-P-

\m-tcmKy ]cn-]m-e\ hIp-∏n¬ Ipd-hm-Wv.

3). BtcmKy D] tI{μ-߃, s]mXp-P-\m-tcmKy

tI{μ-߃, Ip´n-Iƒ°p≈ BtcmKy tI{μ-

߃ XpS-ßnb ÿm]-\-ßfpw Ds≠-¶nepw

BtcmKy ]cn-c£ e`y-am-Ip-∂n-√. A]-cym-]vX-

amb \nco-£W kwhn-[m\w, DtZym-Kÿ Xe-

Ønse DØ-c-hm-Zn-Øan-√mbva F∂nh IqSn-

bm-Ip-tºmƒ {]iv\w IqSpX¬ k¶o¿W-am-

Ip∂p.

4). tPmen-°m-cpsS ]cp-°≥ s]cp-am-‰-߃, ̀ mjm-

{]-iv\w, Zqcw, A]-cym-]vX-amb KXm-KX kuI-

cy-߃, \nc-£-c-X, BtcmKy Imcy-ß-fnse

Xmev]-cy-an-√mbva XpS-ßn-b-h-sb√mw ]´nI

h¿K taJ-e-I-fnse \ne-hn-ep≈ BtcmKy

]cn-c£m kwhn-[m-\-߃ th≠-hn[w {]tbm-

P-\-s∏-Sp-Øp∂-Xn\pw {]Xn-_-‘-am-Ip-∂p.

5). Kpcp-X-c-amb BtcmKy {]iv\-߃ D≠m-Ip-

tºmƒ t]mepw Bip-]-{Xn-I-fnseØn hnZKv[

tkh\w tXSpI F∂Xv tKm{X-h¿K-°m¿°n-

S-bn¬ hfsc A]q¿h-am-Wv.

sX‰mb ap≥K-W-\-Iƒ e£y-am-°n-bXp

aqew ]´n-I-PmXn taJ-e-I-fnse B-tcmKy ]cn-

c£m kwhn-[m\hpw hfsc \ne-hm-cw Ipd-

™Xmbn-t∏m-bn. CXv DS®p hm¿Øv i‡n-s∏-Sp-

ØpI F∂Xv kwÿm-\ßfpw tI{μ-hpw G‰hpw

{][m\ ]cn-K-W-\ \¬tI≠ hnj-b-am-Wv. ]´n-I-

h¿K taJ-e-I-fn¬ H´pw A\p-tbm-Py-a-√mØ

BtcmKy ]cn-c£m coXn AXpw hfsc hnI-e-ambn

\S-∏m-°-s∏-´-Xn\v Hcp {][m\ ImcWw Ahn-

SpsØ Bfp-I-fpsS ]¶m-fn-Ø- Ipd-hmWv. H∏w \b-

cq-]o-I-c-W-Øn¬, ]≤-Xn-I-fpsS Bkq-{X-W-Øn¬,

Btcm-Ky-ta-J-e-bn¬ tkh-\-߃ \S-∏m-°p-∂-

Xn¬ Ah-cpsS {]Xn-\n-[n-Iƒ th≠{X ipjvIm¥n

ImWn-®n√ F∂Xpw Imc-W-am-Imw. CXv {Kma Xew

apX¬ tZiob Xew hsc icn-bm-Wv.

ta¬ kqNn-∏n® F√m {]Xn-_-‘-߃°p-

ap-]-cn, s]mXpsh Hcp ]cmXn IqSn-bp-≠v. AXm-

bXv BZn-hmkn taJe-I-fn-tebv°v \evI-s∏-Sp∂

^≠p-Iƒ a‰p taJ-e-I-fn-tebv°v Xncn®p hnSp-∂p,

As√¶n¬ D]-tbm-Kn-°p∂n-√, As√-¶n¬ AXp

tNm¿Øn-s°m≠p t]mIp∂p Fs∂m-s°.

Fßs\ ]p\¿cq-]-I-ev]\ sNømw?

1. BZn-hm-kn-Iƒ°p≈ GXp ]≤-Xn-bp-sSbpw

\b-Øn-s‚bpw {]Ya XXzw ]¶m-fn-Ø-am-Wv.

cmjv{Sob-ambn hmIvkm-a¿∞y-an√mØ Hcp

P\-hn-`m-K-amWv BZn-hm-kn-Iƒ. hyXy-kvX-

amb `qan-im-kv{X-hpw kmaq-ln-I kmº-Øn-I

kmwkvIm-cnI Np‰p-]m-Sp-I-fpw BtcmKy

kwkvIm-chpw D≈ Ah¿°v hyXy-kvX-amb

BtcmKy ]cn-c£m kwhn-[m-\-ßfpw Bh-iy-

ap-≠v. AXp-sIm≠v Ah¿°mbn Bkq-{XWw

sNøp∂ GXv BtcmKy ]≤-Xn-bnepw Ah-

cpsS ho£-W-߃°pw ]cn-K-W-\-Iƒ°pw

A¿l-X-s∏´ ÿm\w e`n-°-Ww.

2. GXm≠v 700 e[nIw BZn-hmkn kaq-l-߃

C¥y-bn-ep-≠v. AXn-\m¬ c≠m-a-Xmbn ]cn-K-

Wn-t°-≠Xv `qan-im-kv{X-]-c-hpw BZn-hm-kn-

Iƒ°v KpW-{]-Z-hp-amb {]tZ-inI Bkq-{X-

am-Wv. {]mtZ-in-I- BZn-hmkn BtcmKy tbmK-

28tbmP\

s^{_p-hcn 2016

ßfpw, Pn√m BZn -hmkn BtcmKy

kanXnIfpw -kwÿm\ Xe- BZn-hmkn D]-

tZiI kan-Xn-Ifpw ÿm]n®v {]h¿Ø-\-

߃°v {]mtZ-in-I-amb Bkq-{XWw \S-∏m-

°-Ww.

3. BtcmKy {]h¿Ø-\-ß-fpsS ^e-{]m]vXn

\n¿W-bn-°p-∂-Xn¬ KpW-t`m-‡m-°-fpsS

BtcmKyw, km£-c-X, hcp-am-\w, IpSn-sh-≈w,

ipNnXz kwhn-[m-\w, C‘-\w, `£y-kp-c-£,

KXm-K-Xw, tdmUp-Iƒ XpS-ßnb kmaq-lnI

LS-I-߃°v hfsc {]m[m\yw D≠v. AXn-

\m¬ BtcmKy ]cn-c£ t]mse a‰v LS-I-

ß-ƒ IqSn sa®-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xn-\p≈ GtIm]\

{]h¿Ø-\-߃ IqSn \S-°-Ww.

BZn-hm-kn-I-fpsS BtcmKyw sa®-s∏-Sp-

Øp-∂-Xn-\p≈ Nne \n¿t±-i-߃ ˛

1. Agp-°p-Nm-ep-I-fpsS \n¿Ωm-Ww, {Kma-oW-cpsS

ipNnXzhpambn _‘-s∏´ ASn-ÿm\ kuI-

cy-߃, ipNn-ap-dn-Iƒ, \n¿±njvS taJ-e-I-fn¬

sXmgn-ep-d∏p ]≤-Xn-bn-eqsS \S-∏m-°p∂

sImXpIp \nhm-cW b⁄w F∂n-h kw_-

‘n-X-ambn ]q¿Øo-I-cn-°-Ww.

2. BZn-hmkn hoSp-I-fn¬ kutcm¿÷w D]-tbm-

Kn-®p≈ ]mNIw t{]m’m-ln-∏n-°-Ww. CXv

]cn-ÿn-Xnsb IqSn ]cn-c-£n-°pw.

3.- BZn-hmkn {Kma-ß-fn¬ Ip-™p-ß-ƒ°p≈

t]mj-Im-lmc hnX-cW ]≤Xn sa®-s∏-Sp-

ØWw. BZn-hmkn kaq-l-Øn¬ Iuam-c-

°mcpw K¿`n-Wn-Ifpw aqe-bq-́ p∂ AΩ-amcpw

Kpcp-X-c-amb t]mj-Im-lmc cmlnXy `ojWn

t\cn-Sp-∂-h-cm-Wv. {Kma-߃ tI{μo-I-cn®v

tZiob {KmaoW BPo-h\ ZuXyw, h\nXm

kwL-S-\-Iƒ F∂n-h-bpsS kl-I-c-W-

tØmsS Ch¿°n-S-bn¬ BtcmKy t_m[-h-

Xv°-c-Whpw t]mj-Im-lmc hnX-c-Whpw \S-

Ø-Ww.

4. BZn-hm-kn-Iƒ°n-S-bnse aZyw ]pI-bne F∂n-

h-bpsS D]-t`mKw \nb-{¥n-°pI hgn IpSpw-

_-ß-fpsS Btcm-Kyhpw hcp-am-\hpw h¿[n-∏n-

°m≥ km[n-°pw.

5. ]´n-I-h¿K kaq-lsØ im‡o-I-cn-°p-I-bmWv

as‰mcp {][m\ \S-]-Sn. ÿnc-amb B{i-b-Xz-

Øn\p ]Icw Ah-cpsS Ign-hp-Iƒ sa®-s∏-

SpØn kz¥w BtcmKyw kwc-£n-°p-∂-Xn\v

Ah-sc-Øs∂ {]m]vX-cm-°pI F∂-XmWv

Cu {]iv\-Øn-\p≈ Zo¿L-Ime ]cn-lmcw.

BZn-hm-kn- kaq-l-tØm-Sp≈ DØ-c-hm-Zn-

ØØn¬ \n∂v Kh¨sat‚m s]mXp kaq-

ltam amdn-\n-ev°Ww F∂v CXp-sIm≠v

A¿∞-am-°-cp-Xv. Ah-cpsS Xs∂ Ign-hp-Iƒ

]cn-t]m-jn-∏n-®p-sIm≠v Cu DØ-c-hm-ZnØw

Ipd-®p-IqSn sa®-s∏´ coXn-bn¬ \nd-th-‰Ww

A{X-am-{Xw. AXm-bXv BtcmKy ]cn-c£

\evIp-∂-Xn\p ]Icw AXv kzbw B¿Pn-°m≥

Ahsc {]m]vX-cm-°p-∂p. BtcmKy kwc-

£Ww Bkq-{XWw sNøp-tºmƒ Cu XXz-

amWv hnZ-Kv[sc \bn-t°-≠-Xv.

6. \q‰m-≠p-I-fmbn BZn-hm-kn-Iƒ°n-S-bn¬ {]_-

e-ambn \nev°p∂ A_≤ [mc-W-Iƒ am‰p-

∂-Xn\v Ah-sc BtcmKy km£-ccm°-Ww.

AXn-\pth≠n thdn´ t_m[-\- coXn-Ifpw

Iem-cq-]-ß-fpw, a‰pw D]-tbm-Kn-°-Ww. kmt¶-

XnI hnZy-bneq-sS-bp≈ Bi-b-hn-\n-ab-Øn\v

BZn-hm-kn- `mj-Ifn¬ henb km[y-X-bp-≠v.

7. C∂v Hcp tImSn-bn-e-[nIw BZn-hmkn Ip´n-Iƒ

kvIqƒ hnZym-`ymkw t\Sp-∂p-≠v. Ah-cpsS

BtcmKyw sa®-s∏-Sp -Øp -∂-Xn\pw

Kh¨sa‚ns‚ BtcmKy t]mjW ]≤-Xn-I-

fn¬ Ah-cpsS ]¶m-fnØw Dd-∏m-°p-∂-Xn\pw

CXv henb Ah-k-c-am-Wv. ss{]a-dn, anUn¬,

sk°-≠dn hnZym-e-b-߃ , AwK≥hm-Sn-Iƒ

F∂nh {]mY-anI BtcmKy hn⁄m\ tI{μ-

ß-fmbn amd-Ww.

8. tKm{X-{Km-a-ß-fnse {]mtZ-inI BtcmKy kwc-

£-W-Øn¬ Ct∏mgpw G‰hpw {][m\ ]¶v

hln-°p-∂Xv \m´p-ssh-Zy-∑m-cm-Wv. Ahsc

am‰n \n¿ØmsX Ahsc IqSn kl-I-cn-∏n-®p-

sIm≠v imkv{Xo-b-amb BtcmKy ]cn-c£m

]≤Xn \S-∏m-°p-I.

9. `qan-im-kv{X-]-c-amb Zqc-Øn-\p-a-∏pdw kmw-

29tbmP\s^{_p-hcn 2016

kvIm-cn-I-amb Hcp AI¨-IqSn BZn-hmkn

kaq-lhpw a‰p-≈-hcpw XΩn¬ \ne-\n-ev°p-

∂p. Ah-cpsS `mj-bn¬ sshZKv[yw t\Sn-

s°m≠p am{Xsa Cu AI¬® Ipd-bv°m\pw

BtcmKy tkh-\-߃ Ah¿°v \evIm\pw

km[n-°p-I-bp-≈p.

10. -tcm -Kn -bmb Ip™n-s\-bpw -sIm≠v Hcp

AΩbv°v F{X Zqcw \S-°m-\mhpw? B Zqc

]cn-[n-°p-≈n¬ Xs∂ Ah¿°p≈ BtcmKy

tkh-\-߃ e`y-am-°-Ww. BZn-hmkn kaq-

l-߃ Pohn-°p-∂Xv ImSp-Iƒ°p-≈n-em-Wv.

AXmbXv BtcmKy tkh-\-߃ AhnsS

Ah-cp-sS {Kma-ß-fn¬ e`y-am-°-Ww. ]pd-Øp-

\n -∂p≈ BtcmKy ]cn -c£ Hcn -°epw

imizX ]cn-lm-c-a√ F∂v AXn-\p-th-≠n-

bp≈ Adp-]Xp h¿jsØ \nc-¥c {ia-߃

\sΩ ]Tn-∏n-°p∂p. AXn-\m¬ NnIn-’,

tcmK \nb-{¥-Ww, tcmK {]Xn-tcm[w XpS-ßnb

F√m-hn[ B[p-\nI kwhn-[m-\-ß-tfm-Spw-Iq-

Snb, BtcmKy tI{μ-߃ BZn-hmkn {Kma-

ß-fn¬ Xs∂ ÿm]n-°-s∏-S-Ww.

11. el-cnbpsS D]-t`m-KamWv BZn-hm-kn-Iƒ°n-

S-bnse G‰hpw henb hn]-Øv. AXv Btcm-

KysØ am{X-a-√, IpSpw-_Øns‚ kº-Øv,

kmaq-lnI sI´p-d∏v, F√m-‰n-\p-ap-]cn hnI-

k\w F∂nhsb F√mw {]Xn-Iq-e-ambn _m[n-

°p-∂p. AXn-\m¬ 1976 ¬ kwÿm-\-߃

tN¿∂v AwKo-I-cn® BZn-hmkn taJ-e-I-fn-

tebv°p≈ aZy \bw ASn-b-¥n-c-ambn \S-∏m-

°-Ww. IqSms