Wytham publicationsFrom 1990, publications have been included that are based on work carried out at the Wytham Field Station and farmland, and work that uses species from these areas. For theses see the Wytham theses list.

References are listed in alphabetical order by name. To move quickly to a particular entry select one of the letters below.

A  B  C  D  E  F  G  H  I  J  K  L  M  N  O  P  Q  R  S  T  U  V  X  Y  Z

A

ACKLAND,M. (1961). Fannia gotlandica Ringd. (Dipt., Muscidae) in Berkshire. Ent.Mon.Mag. 97:200.

AINSWORTH,G.C. (1950). The Oxford foray. 12-19 September 1949. Trans.Brit.mycol.Soc. 33:372-377.

ALLANSON,B.R. (1973). The fine structure of the periphyton of Chara sp. and Potamogeton natans from Wytham Pond, Oxford, and its significance to the macrophyte-periphyton metabolic model of R.G.Wetzel and H.L.Allen. Freshw.Biol. 3:535-542.

ANDERSON,S. (1993). Receiving hares. A radio-telemetry study of the brown hare, Lepus europaeus Pallas. Unpublished undergraduate's project.

ANON (1918). [Excursion to Wytham Woods]. Proc.Rep.Ashmol.Nat.Hist.Soc.Oxford, 1917, 19.

ANON (1943) Wytham: A record issued by the Oxford Preservation Trust on the acquisition of Wytham Abbey and Estate by the University of Oxford. Oxford Preservation Trust, Oxford.

ANON (1976) Wytham Woods Atlas. (Privately circulated, Oxford Forestry Institution 38 pp)

(1981) 2nd ed. edited by Hockin, R.L.

(1986-7)3rd ed. edited by Smith P.G.

APPS, P (1977). The fate of beech mast and acorms in Wytham woods. Ecology option project.

AREVALO, J.E. (1994). The behaviour of treecreepers Certhia familiaris in mixed-species flocks in winter. Bird Study 41:1-6

ARKELL,W.J. (c.1945). The geology of Wytham Hills. [In: Osmaston,F.C. (1959) Appendix X].

ARKELL,W.J. (1947). The geology of Oxford. Oxford.(Clarendon Press)

[ASHMOLEAN MUSEUM] (1979). Romano-British pewter dish... found on the University Farm at Wytham. Ann.Rep.Ashmol.Mus. 1977-8, Pl.3, p.22.

ASKEW,R.R. (1958). Harpiphorus lepidus Klug (Hym., Tenthredinidae) in Berkshire. Ent.Mon.Mag. 94:203.

ASKEW,R.R. (1959). A revision of the British species of the genus Olynx Forster (Hym., Eulophidae). Ent.Mon.Mag. 95:49-57.

ASKEW,R.R. (1959). A new species of Hobbya (Hym.,Pteromalidae) from Britain. Ent.Mon.Mag. 95:69-70.

ASKEW,R.R. (1959). A note on Callirhytis glandium (Giraud) (Hym.,Cynipidae). Ent.Mon.Mag. 95:79.

ASKEW,R.R. (1960). The six-belted clearwing moth, Dipsosphecia scopigera (Scopoli) (Lep.,Sesiidae), in Berkshire. Ent.Mon.Mag. 96:53.

ASKEW,R.R. (1960). On the Palaearctic species of Syntomaspis Forster (Hym., Chalcidoidea, Torymidae). Ent.Mon.Mag. 96:184-191.

ASKEW,R.R. (1961). Ormocerus latus Walker and O.vernalis Walker (Hym., Pteromalidae). Parasites in Cynipid oak galls. Entomologist, 94:193-195.

ASKEW,R.R. (1961). Eupelmus urozonus Dalman (Hym., Chalcidoidea) as a parasite in Cynipid oak galls. Entomologist, 94:196-201.

ASKEW,R.R. (1961). On the biology of the inhabitants of oak galls of Cynipidae (Hymenoptera) in Britain. Trans.Soc.Brit.Ent. 14:237-268.

ASKEW,R.R. (1961). Some biological notes on the Pteromalid (Hym., Chalcidoidea) genera Caenacis Forster, Cecidostiba Thomson and Hobbya Delucchi. Entomophaga, 6:57-67.

ASKEW,R.R. (1961). A study of the biology of species of the genus Mesopolobus Westwood (Hym., Pteromalidae) associated with Cynipid galls on oak.Trans.R.Ent.Soc. Lond. 113:155-173.

ASKEW,R.R. (1961). The biology of the British spp. of the genus Olynx Forster (Hym., Eulophidae) with a note on seasonal colour forms in Chalcidoidea. Proc.R.Ent.Soc.Lond.(A), 36:103-112.

ASKEW,R.R. (1962). The distribution of galls of Neuroterus (Hym., Cynipidae) on oak. J.Anim.Ecol. 31:439-455.

ASKEW,R.R. (1962). Some species of Pediobius Walker (Hym., Eulophidae) inhabiting Cynipid oak galls. Entomophaga, 7:337-342.

ASKEW,R.R. (1970). Observations on the hosts and host food plants of some Pteromalidae [Hym. Chalcidoidea]. Entomophaga, 15:379-85.

ASKEW,R.R. (1970). Encyrtidae (Hym., Chalcidoidea) new to Britain. Entomologist, 103:263-4.

ATKINSON, R.P.D., MACDONALD D.W. & JOHNSON P.J. (1994). The status of the European mole Talpa europaea L. as an agricultural pest and its management. Mammal Review 24(2):73-90.

ATKINSON, R.P.D., MACDONALD, D.W. (1994). Can repellents function as a non-lethal means of controlling moles (Talpa europa). Journal of Applied Ecology 31:731-736

B

BAKER,J.R., CHITTY,D. & PHIPPS,E. (1963). Blood parasites of wild voles, Microtus agrestis, in England. Parasitology, 53:297-301.

BARRETT,D.K. & PEARCE,R.B. (1981). Giant leaf blotch disease of sycamore (Acer pseudoplatanus) in Britain. Trans.Brit.Mycol.Soc. 76:317-345.

BATESON, M. & KACELNIK A. (1995). Preferences for fixed and variable food sources : variability in amount and delay. J.Expt.Analysis Behav., 63:313-329

BATESON, M. & KACELNIK A. (1995). Accuracy of memory for amount in the foraging starling, Sturnus vulagris. Anim.Behav., 50:431-443

BAZELY, D.R. (1990). Rules and clues used by sheep foraging in monocultures. In: NATO ASI Series Vol G20. Behavioural Mechanisms of Food Selection, ed. R.N. Hughs. Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.

BAZELY, D.R. et al (1991) The response of bramble prickles to herbivory and depressed resource availability. Oikos, 61(3): 327-336

BEAVER,R.A. (1965). Some mortality factors affecting a population of Scolytus scolytus (F.) (Coleoptera; Scolytidae). Proc.XII Int.Congr.Ent.London, 1964(1965): 694.

BEAVER,R.A. (1965). Two Braconids and a Pteromalid (Hymenoptera) new to Britain. Entomologist, 98:238-240.

BEAVER,R.A. (1966). The development and expression of population tables for the bark beetle Scolytus scolytus (F.). J.Anim.Ecol. 35:27-41.

BEAVER,R.A. (1966). The biology and immature stages of Entedon leucogramma (Ratzeburg) (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae), a parasite of bark beetles. Proc.R.Ent.Soc.Lond. (A), 41:37-41.

BEAVER,R.A. (1966). The biology and immature stages of two species of Medetera (Diptera: Dolichopodidae) associated with the bark beetle Scolytus scolytus (F.). Proc.R.Ent.Soc.Lond. (A), 41:145-154.

BEAVER,R.A. (1966). Notes on the biology of the bark beetles attacking elm in Wytham Wood, Berks. Ent.Mon.Mag. 102:156-162.

BEAVER,R.A. (1966). Notes on the fauna associated with elm bark beetles in Wytham Wood, Berks. - I. Coleoptera. Ent.Mon.Mag. 102:163-170.

BEAVER,R.A. (1967). Notes on the biology of the parasitic mite Pyemotes scolyti Oud. (Acari: Pyemotidae). Entomologist, 100:9-12.

BEAVER,R.A. (1967). The regulation of population density in the bark beetle Scolytus scolytus (F.). J.Anim.Ecol. 36:435-451.

BEAVER,R.A. (1967). Hymenoptera associated with elm bark beetles in Wytham Wood, Berks. Trans.Soc.Brit.Ent. 17:141-150.

BEAVER,R.A. (1967). Hymenopteran parasites of Lonchaea fugax Becker (Diptera: Lonchaeidae). Entomologist, 100:304-6.

BEAVER,R.A. (1969). Natality, mortality and control of the elm bark beetle Scolytus scolytus (F.) (Col., Scolytidae). Bull.ent.Res. (1968), 59:537-540.

BECKETT,P.H.T. (1982). History and soils of the University Field Station, Wytham. Oxford, Dept.Agricultural Science, University of Oxford, 16pp.

BECKETT,P.H.T. & REYNOLDS,E.R.C. (1985). History and soils of the University Field Station and Wytham Wood. Oxford, Dept.Agricultural Science, University of Oxford, 15pp.

BEDNEKOFF, P., BIEBACH, H. & KREBS, J. (1994). Great tit fat reserves under unpredictable temperatures. Journal of Avian Biology 25:156-160

BENNETT, A.T.D. (1993). Spatial memory in a food storing corvid I. Near tall landmarks are primarily used. J.Comp.Physiol. A 173:193-207

BENNETT, A.T.D. (1993). Remembering landmarks. Nature 364:293-294

BENNETT, A.T.D. (1993). A framework of spatial memory models. A Proceedings of navigation in humans, birds and other animals, Royal Inst. Of Navigation.

BERDOY, M. & MACDONALD, D.W. (1991). Factors affecting feeding in wild rats. Acta Ecologica, 12(2):261-279

BERDOY, M. & SMITH, P. (1993). Arms race and rat race : adaptions against poisoning in the brown rat. Rev.Ecol. (Terre Vie) 48:215-228

BERDOY, M. (1993). Defining bouts of behaviour : a three-process model. Animal Behav. 46:387-396

BERDOY, M. (1994). Making decisions in the wild : constraints, conflicts and communications in foraging rats. In: Behavioural aspects of feeding, Galef B.G., Mainardi m., Valsechhi P. (Eds), Ettore Maj

BERDOY, M., WEBSTER, J.P. & MACDONALD, D.W. (1995). The manipulation of rat behaviour by Toxplasma gondii. Mammalia, 59(4):605-613

BERNSTEIN, C., KREBS, J.R. & KACELNIK, A. (1991). Distribution of birds amongst habitats: theory and relevance to conservation. In: Bird population studies : relevance to conservation and management. Oxford Ornithology Series. Eds. C.M. Perrins, J-D. Lebreton & G.J.M. Hirons. Chapter 15 pp.317-345.

BETTS,M.M. (1955). The food of titmice in oak woodland. J.Anim.Ecol. 24:282-323.

BLAKEY,J.K. (1994). Genetic evidence for extra-pair fertilizations in a monogamous passerine, the great tit Parus major IBIS 136:457-462

BLAKEY,J.K. & NORRIS K. (1994). Do female great tits avoid extra-pair copulations ? A comment on Bjorklund et al. Anim. Behav. 47:1227-1229.

BLOOM,G. (1993). The bryophites of Wytham Wood. MS: 19pp.

BLOWER,J.G. (1957). Some new and little-known British millipedes. Ann.Mag.Nat.Hist.Ser.12, 10:497-508.

BOCOCK,K.L., HEATH,J. & BLOWER,J.G. (1973). Some observations on the biology of the millipede Geoglomeris jurassica Verhoeff, 1915. J.Nat.Hist. 7:691-697.

BOUCEK,Z. (1965). Some interesting records of chalcid flies from Great Britain, with the description of Bugacia classeyi n.sp. (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). Ent.Gaz.16:83-86.

BOUCEK,Z. (1970). On some British Megastigmus (Hym. Torymidae) with a revised key to the west European species. Ent.Gaz. 21:265-275.

BOWEN,H.J.M. (1968). The flora of Berkshire. Oxford. (Privately published)

BOWLER,D. & ROBINSON,M. (1980). Three round barrows at King's Weir Wytham, Oxon. Oxoniensia, 45:1-8.

BOYCE,M.S. & PERRINS,C.M. (1987). Optimizing great tit clutch size in a fluctuating environment. Ecology, 68:142-153.

BRADBURY, R.B., COTTON, P.A., WRIGHT, J., GRIFFITHS, R. (1997). Nestling sexratio in the European starling Sturnus vulgaris. Journal of avian biology 28: 255-258

BRAITHWAITE, V.A. & GULFORD, T. (1991). Viewing familiar landscapes affects pigeon homing. Proc.R.Soc.Lond.B, 245:183-186

[BRENAN,J.P.M.] (1946). List of plants observed on Wytham Hill on 7th September, 1946. Rep.Bot.(Soc.)Exch.Cl.Manchr. 13:pt.3

BRERETON,J.Le G. (1957). The distribution of woodland Isopods. Oikos, 8:85-106.

BRETHERTON,R.F. (1940). A list of the Macro-lepidoptera of the Oxford district. Proc.Rep.Ashmol.nat.Hist.Soc.Oxf. 1939, pp.25-70.

BRETHERTON,R.F. (1941). Additions to the list of Macro-lepidoptera of the Oxford district. Proc.Rep.Ashmol.nat.Hist.Soc.Oxf. 1940, pp.22-23.

BROWN, E.D., MACDONALD, D.W., TEW, T.E. & TODD, I.A. (1994). Apodemus sylvaticus infected with Heligmosomoides polygyrus (Nematoda) in an arable ecosystem: epidemiology and effects of infection on the movements of male mice. J.Nat.History London, 234:623-640

BROWN, E.D., TEW, T.E., TODD, I.A. & MACDONALD, D.W. (1994). Rhythmicity of egg production by Heligmosomoides polygyrus in wild wood mice, Apodemus sylvaticus. J.Helminth., 68:105-108

BROWN, V.K., GANGE, A.C. & GIBSON, C.W.D. (1988). Ubsect herbivory & vegetational structure. IN: Plant form and vegetation structure ed. by M.J.A.Werger, P.J.van der Aart, H.J.During & J.A.A.Verhoeven. SPB Academie Pub. The Hague, Netherlands. 263-279 pp.

BROWN, V.K. & GANGE, A.C. (1989) Differential effects of above- and below- ground insect herbivory during early plant succession. Oikos, 54: 67-76

BROWN, V.K., GIBSON C.W.D. & KATHIRITHAMBY, J. (1992). Community organisation in leaf hoppers. Oikos, 65: 97-106

BROWN, V.K., GIBSON, C.W.D. & STERLING, P.H. (1990). The mechanisms controlling insect diversity in calcareous grasslands, in : Calcareous grasslands-ecology & management. Proceedings of a join British Ecological Society/Nature Conservancy council symposium, 14-16 September, 1987 at University of Sheffield. ed. by S.H.Hillier, D.W.H.Walton & D.A.Wells. Huntingdon: Bluntisham Books, pp 79-87

BROWN, V.K., JEPSON, M. & GIBSON, C.W.D. (1988) Insect herbivory: effects on early old field succession demonstrated by chemical exclusion methods. Oikos 52: 293-302.

BUCKNER,C.H. (1969). The common shrew (Sorex araneus) as a predator of the winter moth (Operophtera brumata) near Oxford, England. Can.Ent. 101:370-375.

BUCKNER,C.H. (1969). Some aspects of the population ecology of the common shrew, Sorex araneus, near Oxford, England. J.Mammal. 50:326-332.

BULMER,M.G. (1973). Inbreeding in the great tit. Heredity, 30:313-325.

BULMER,M.G. & PERRINS,C.M. (1973). Mortality in the great tit, Parus major. Ibis, 115:277-281.

BURGESS,J.M. (1957). Damage to bark of sycamore by grey squirrels. J.Oxf.Univ.For.Soc.Ser.45:15-16.

C

CAIN,A.J. & SHEPPARD,P.M. (1950). Selection in the polymorphic land snail Cepaea nemoralis. Heredity, 4:275-294.

CAIN,A.J. & SHEPPARD,P.M. (1952). The effects of natural selection on body colour in the land snail, Cepaea nemoralis. Heredity, 6:217-231.

CAIN,A.J. & SHEPPARD,P.M. (1954). Natural selection in Cepaea. Genetics, 39:89-116.

CHEKE,A.S. (1969). Mechanism and consequences of hybridization in sparrows Passer. Nature, 222:179-180.

CHEKE,A.S. (1972). Movements and dispersal among House sparrows, Passer domesticus (L.), at Oxford, England. Productivity, population dynamics and systematics of granivorous birds. (ed.S.C. Kendeigh, J.Pinowski),Proc.General Meeting of the Working Group of Granivorous Birds IBP, PT section, held in the Hague, Sept.6-8, 1970, pp.211-2, Warzaw: Polish Scientific Publishers.

CHENG,L. (1967). Notes on three species of Actia (Dipt., Tachinidae), parasites of oak-feeding caterpillars. Entomologist, 100:265-268.

CHENG,L. (1969). The life history and development of Lypha dubia Fall. (Dipt., Tachinidae). Entomologist, 101:25-32.

CHENG,L. (1970). Timing of attack by Lypha dubia Fall. (Diptera: Tachinidae) on the winter moth Operophtera brumata (L.) (Lepidoptera: Geometridae) as a factor affecting parasite success. J.Anim.Ecol. 39:313-320.

CHITTY,D. (1996). Do lemmings commit suicide? Beautiful hypotheses and ugly facts. Oxford University Press, Oxford. 268 pp.

CHITTY,D. & PHIPPS,E. (1966). Seasonal changes in survival in mixed populations of two species of vole. J.Anim.Ecol. 35:313-331.

CHITTY,D., PIMENTEL,D. & KREBS,C.J. (1968). Food supply of overwintered voles. J.Anim.Ecol. 37:113-120.

CLARIDGE,M.F. (1961). A contribution to the biology and taxonomy of some Palaearctic species of Tetramesa Walker (= Isosoma Walk.;= Harmolita Motsch.)(Hym.,Eurytomidae),enoptera: with particular reference to the British fauna. Trans.R.ent.Soc.Lond. 113:175-216.

CLARIDGE,M.F. & ASKEW,R.R. (1960). Sibling species in the Eurytoma rosae group (Hym., Eurytomidae). Entomophaga, 5:141-53.

CLARKE,J.R. (1955). Influence of numbers on reproduction and survival in two experimental vole populations. Proc.R.Soc.,B, 144:68-85.

CLARKE,J.R. & FORSYTH,I.A. (1962). The causation of breeding seasons: differences between the adenohypophysis of breeding and non-breeding field mice. Acta Endocr.(Kbh.) Suppl. 67(1962): 141.

CLARKE,J.R. & FORSYTH,I.A. (1964). Seasonal changes in the gonads and accessory reproductive organs of the vole (Microtus agrestis). Gen.Comp.Endocr. 4:233-242.

CLAYTON, N.S. (1992). The ontogeny of food-storing and retrieval in marsh tits. Behaviour 61:781-795

CLAYTON, N. (1993). Lateralization and unilateral transfer of spatial memory in marsh tits. J.Comp.Physiol. A 171:799-806

CLAYTON, N.S. & KREBS, J.R. (1993). Lateralization in Paridae: comparison of a storing and a non-storing species on a one-trial associative memory task. J.Comp.Physiol. A 171:807-815

CLAYTON, N.S., GRIFFITHS, D. & BENNETT, A.T.D. (1994). Storage of stones by jays Garrulus glandarius. IBIS 136:331-334

CLOBERT,J.R., PERRINS,C.M., McCLEERY,R.H. & GOSLER,A.G. (1988) Survival rate in the Great tit Parus major in relation to sex, age, and immigration status. J.Anim.Ecol. 57: 287-306

COLE,L.R. (1957). The biology of four species of Ichneumonidae parasitic on Tortrix viridana L.. Proc.R.Ent.Soc.Lond. c, 22:48-49.

COLE,L.R. (1959). On the defences of Lepidopterous pupae in relation to the oviposition behaviour of certain Ichneumonidae. J.Lepid.Soc. 13:1-10.

COLE,L.R. (1959). On a new species of Syntretus Forster (Hym., Braconid') parasitic on an adult Ichneumonid, with a description of the larva and notes on its life history and that of its host, Phaeogenes invisor (Thunberg). Ent.Mon.Mag 95:18-21.

COLE,L.R. (1967). A study of the life-cycles and hosts of some Ichneumonidae attacking pupae of the green oak-leaf roller moth, Tortrix viridana (L.)(Lepidoptera.: Tortricidae) in England. Trans.R.ent.Soc.Lond., 119:267-281.

COLE,L.R. (1970). Observations on the finding of mates by male Phaeogenes invisor and Apanteles medicaginis (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidea). Anim.Behav. 18:184-189.

COLE, L.R. (1979) Notes on the biology of Ischnus inquisitorius (M!ll.) (Hym.,Ichneumonidae), an ectoparasitoid of tortricid pupae. Ent.Mon.Mag.for 1978, 114:115-118.

COLLIN,J.E. (1967). Notes on some British species of Pegohylemyia (Dipt., Anthomyiidae) with descriptions of four new species. Ent.Mon.Mag. for 1966, 102:181-191.

CONNOR, E.F. (1984). The causes of overwintering mortality of Phyllonorycter on Quercus robur. Ecol.Ent. 9:23-28.

COOKE,J.A.L. (1965). Beobachtungen an der Spinnengattung Dysdera. Natur und Museum, 95:179-184.

COOKE,J.A.L. (1965). A contribution to the biology of the British spiders of the genus Dysdera. Oikos, 16:20-25.

COOKE,J.A.L. (1967). New and rare British spiders. J.Nat.Hist. 1:135-148.

COOKE,J.A.L. (1967). Factors affecting the distribution of some spiders of the genus Dysdera (Araneae, Dysderidae). Ent.Mon.Mag. 103:221-225.

COOKE,J.A.L. (1967). Additions to the county records of spiders. Ent.Mon.Mag. 103:234-236.

COOKE,J.A.L. & LAMPEL,G.P. (1953). Pirata uliginosus Thor. in Shropshire and some further additions to the county records of spiders. J.Soc.Brit.Ent. 4:186-7.

COTTON,M.J. (1969). The reproductive biology of Megabothris turbidus (Roths.) (Siphonaptera). Entomologist, 102:286-289.

COTTON,M.J. (1970). The reproductive biology of Ctenophthalmus nobilis (Rothschild)(Siphonaptera). Proc.R.Ent.Soc.Lond.(A), 45:141-8.

COTTON,M.J. & WATTS,C.H.S. (1967). The ecology of the tick Ixodes trianguliceps Birula (Arachnida; Acarina; Ixodoidea). Parasitology, 57:525-531.

COTTON, P.A., KACELNIK, A. & WRIGHT, J. (1996). Chick begging as a signal: are nestlings honest ? Behav.Ecol., 7:178-182

COWIE,R.H. & JONES,J.S. (1987). Ecological interactions between Cepaea nemoralis and Cepaea hortensis: competition, invasion but no niche displacement. Functional Ecology, 1:91-97.

COWIE, R.J., KREBS, J.R. & SHERRY, D.F. (1981). Food storing by marsh tits. Anim.Behav. 29:1252-1259.

CRAWLEY, M.J. & KREBS, J.R. (1992). Foraging theory. In : "Natural enemies: the pop. biol. of predators, parasites & diseases", ed. M.J. Crawley.

CROWCROFT,P. (1951). Keeping British shrews in captivity. J.Mammal. 32:354-355.

CROWCROFT,P. (1951). Live-trapping British shrews. J.Mammal. 32:355-356.

CROWCROFT,P. (1955). Notes on the behaviour of shrews. Behaviour, 8:63-80.

CROWCROFT,P. (1955). Remarks on the pelage of the common shrew (Sorex araneus L.). Proc.Zool.Soc.Lond. 125:309-315.

CROWCROFT,P. (1956). On the life span of the common shrew (Sorex araneus L.). Proc.Zool.Soc.Lond. 127:285-292.

CROWCROFT,P. (1991). Elton's ecologists: a history of the Bureau of Animal Population. London, University of Chicago Press, pp.177.

CUENDET,G. (1984). A comparative study of the earthworm population of four different woodland types in Wytham Woods, Oxford. Pedobiologia, 26:421-439.

CUTHILL, I.C., KACELNIK, A., KREBS, J.R., HACCOU, P. & IWASA, Y. (1990). Starlings exploiting patches: the effect of recent experiences on foraging decisions. Anim.Behav., 40:625-640

CUTHILL, I. & KACELNIK, A. (1990). Central place foraging: a reappraisal of the 'loading effect'. Anim.Behav., 40:1087-1101

CUTHILL, I., WITTER, M. & CLARKE, L. (1992). The function of bill-wiping. Anim.Behav. 43:103-115

CUTHILL, I.C., HACCOU, P. & KACELNIK, A. (1994). Starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) exploiting patches : response to long-term changes in travel time. Behavioral Ecology 5(1):81-90

D

DA SILVA,J. & MACDONALD,D.W. (1989) Limitation to the use of tooth wear as a means to ageing eurasian badgers, Meles meles. Rev.Ecol. (Terre et Vie) 44: 275-278.

DA SILVA,J. & WOODROFFE,R. (1993). Habitat, food availability and group territoriality in the European badger, Meles meles. Oecologia 95: 558-564.

DA SILVA,J.A., MACDONALD,D.W. & EVANS,P.G.H. (1994). Net costs of group living in a solitary forager, the Eurasian badger (Meles meles). Behavioral Ecology 5 (2):151-158

DAVIES,M. (1959). A contribution to the ecology of species of Notiophilus and allied genera (Col., Carabidae). Ent.Mon.Mag. 95:25-8.

DAVIES,N.B. (1978). Territorial defence in the speckled wood butterfly (Pararge aegeria): the resident always wins. Anim.Behav. 26:138-147.

DAWKINS,H.C. & FIELD,D.R.B. (1978). A long-term surveillance system for British woodland vegetation. Commonwealth Forestry Institute, Oxford, Occasional Paper no.1, 106pp.

DEN BOER,P.J. (1986).Density dependence and the stabilization of animal numbers. I. The winter moth. Oecologia, 69:507-512.

DEN BOER, P.J. & REDDINGIUS, J. (1996). 5.3 Winter moth at Wytham Wood IN: Regulation and stabilization paradigms in population ecology. Chapman & Hall.

DE RUITER,L. (1952). Some experiments on the camouflage of stick caterpillars. Behaviour, 4:222-232.

DHONDT,A.A. (1989). Ecological and evolutionary effects of interspecific competition in tits. Wilson Bull., 101(2):198-216.

DHONDT,A.A., KEMPENAERS,B. & ADRIAENSEN,F. (1992). Density-dependent clutch size caused by habitat heterogeneity. J.Anim.Ecol., 61:000-000 (6pp).

DIXON,A.F.G. (1963). Reproductive activity of the sycamore aphid, Drepanosiphum platanoides (Schr.)(Hemiptera, Aphididae). J.Anim.Ecol. 32:33-48.

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