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Diagnostic results from Diagnostic results from regional-scale climate simulations regional-scale climate simulations with the GEM model: Part 1 – GEM Globalwith the GEM model: Part 1 – GEM Global

Bernard DugasBernard DugasMeteorological Research DivisionMeteorological Research Division

Environment CanadaEnvironment Canada

in collaboration within collaboration with

A. Zadra, K. Winger andA. Zadra, K. Winger andP. VaillancourtP. Vaillancourt

GEM day – June 12, 2007Ouranos, Montréal

The modelGEMCLIM is the climate-mode version of the GEM forecast model used operationally by Environment Canada. GEMCLIM provides an estimate of the forecast model’s long term bias as it will generally use configurations that are close that of the operations. It is also being used by our seasonal forecast system. The main difference between GEM and GEMCLIM is probably the latter’s extensive post-processing climate diagnostics.

The upcoming CRCM5 will be based on the GEM dynamical core and several projects are already underway at UQÀM to evaluate the model’s behaviour with its native physics. In this context, the CCCma physics is also being ported to the GEM dynamical core by RPN and CCCma personnel.

All runs discussed here were conducted with the same GEMCLIM library, version 3.2.1. They all started in January 1978 and ended in March 2004 including an 11 month spinup. The exception is the global uniform 0.5 “Meso-Global” which is a set of 26 Dec-Jan and June-July simulations started from initial conditions provided by another global uniform 1.0 degree GEMCLIM simulation.

• Kain-Fritsch deep and CONRES shallow convections• Sundqvist large scale condensation• Li-Barker short- and long-wave Correlated K radiation (different from operations)• ISBA Land-Surface Scheme• McFarlane (1987) gravity-wave drag• Lott & Miller low-level blocking

Physics

SST and Sea-ice conditions are provided by AMIP2 1 degree monthly means for the whole period. The AMIP2-recommended Liang & Wang (1995) monthly ozone climatology is also used.

Northern Hemisphere winter model results are compared with their corresponding ERA40 time means.

grid type horiz. res. vert. levels top time step domain pilot

global uniform 0.5º 60 2 hPa 1800 s globe -

1.0º 60 2 hPa 2700 s globe -

1.5º 60 2 hPa 3600 s globe -

2.0º 50 5 hPa 3600 s globe -

global variable 0.5º - 1.5º 60 2 hPa 1800 s N. America -

(high res. 79x110) 0.5º - 1.5º 60 2 hPa 1800 s Europe -

limited area 0.5º 53 10 hPa 1800 s N. America ERA40

0.5º 53 10 hPa 1800 s N. America GEM- 1.5º

0.5º 53 10 hPa 1800 s Europe GEM- 1.5º

304x204 Global 79x110 Core

Meso-Global720x360

Only one out of every five grid points are shown

SGMIP2 NA SGMIP2 EU

MODEL GRIDS

SGMIP2 North AmericaZonal mean Temperature (-ERA40) (C)

SGMIP2 Europe

GEMCLIM Meso-Global

500hPa GZ (-ERA40) (dm)SGMIP2 North America SGMIP2 Europe

GEMCLIM Meso-Global

SGMIP2 North AmericaZonal mean Zonal Wind (-ERA40) (m/s)

SGMIP2 Europe

GEMCLIM Meso-Global

200hPa Zonal Winds (-ERA40) (m/s)SGMIP2 North America SGMIP2 Europe

GEMCLIM Meso-Global

SGMIP2 North AmericaSurface Winds (-ERA40) (m/s)

SGMIP2 Europe

GEMCLIM Meso-Global

SGMIP2 North America200hPa Temperature (-ERA40) (C)

SGMIP2 Europe

GEMCLIM Meso-Global

SGMIP2 North AmericaSurface Temperature (-ERA40) (C)

SGMIP2 Europe

GEMCLIM Meso-Global

Zonal Mean Precipitation (mm/day)

JAN_79-04

SGMIP2 NA, DJF 79-03 SGMIP2 EU, DJF 79-03

Meso-Global, JAN 79-04 ERA40, DJF 79-01

Part 1 Summary

The three simulations generally produce very similar (and good) results in the large scale although there are some indications of localized sensitivity to changes in resolution, both in the negative and positive sense: That is to say that the uniform high-resolution model does not always out-perform the variable-resolution models when we compare them with ERA40 re-analysis time means

This ends Part 1 of our GEMCLIM diagnostics presentation. Part 2, coming up immediately, will discuss another subset of GEMCLIM simulations,

concentrating on regional North-American and European aspects.

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Diagnostic results from Diagnostic results from regional-scale climate simulations regional-scale climate simulations with the GEM model: Part 2 – GEM-LAMwith the GEM model: Part 2 – GEM-LAM

GEM day – June 12, 2007Ouranos, Montréal

As provided by Ayrton ZadraMeteorological Research DivisionMeteorological Research DivisionEnvironment CanadaEnvironment Canada

EXPERIMENTS diagnostic period: 1978-2002(3)

grid type horiz. res. vert. levels top time step domain pilot

global uniform 0.5º 60 2 hPa 1800 s globe -

1.0º 60 2 hPa 2700 s globe -

1.5º 60 2 hPa 3600 s globe -

2.0º 50 5 hPa 3600 s globe -

global variable 0.5º - 1.5º 60 2 hPa 1800 s N. America -

(high res. 79x110) 0.5º - 1.5º 60 2 hPa 1800 s Europe -

limited area 0.5º 53 10 hPa 1800 s N. America ERA40

0.5º 53 10 hPa 1800 s N. America GEM- 1.5º

0.5º 53 10 hPa 1800 s Europe GEM- 1.5º

CMOS 2007 Related talks / postersStorm track climatologies from GEMCLIM – K. Winger et al. C05-3DP.11

Evaluation of cloud-radiation interaction in the Canadian GEM model using ARM observations – D. Paquin-Ricard et al. C05-3B5.2

Issues arising from the transferability of two Canadian regional climate models to non-native domains – Z. Kothavala et al. C05-3C5.6

An evaluation of cloud and radiation processes simulated by GEM-LAM for the Arctic SHEBA year – D. Simjanovski et al. C05-3DP.3

First experiment Grid

• 0.5° uniform, rotated 140x120 grid • Includes 10-point pilot area and 10-

point blending area at boundaries (1 in 5 shown here)• 53 vertical hybrid levels; top 10 hPa

Numerics

• 3x2 MPI domains & 4 OpenMP threads

• 1800s time step6 horizontal diffusion

Physics

• Kain-Fritch deep convection• Sundquist large-scale condensation • ISBA land-surface scheme• Li & Barker Correlated-K radiation• McFarlane gravity-wave drag• Lott & Miller low-level blocking

Pilot information

• atmosphere: ERA40 1957-2002 (2.5°, every 6h)

• oceans/lakes: AMIP2 (1°, monthly)• no spectral nesting, but temperature

piloted at model top

Results for 1978-2002 presented

500hPaGZ (dam)

DJF JJA

T_surf(deg C)

DJF JJA

Precip(mm/day)

DJF JJA

1000hPaspec. hum.

(g/kg)

DJF JJA

Summary of N. America/ERA40 experiment

> Provides a reference GEM-LAM simulation of the climate over N. America:• documentation (paper in preparation)• driving data for other simulations (e.g. hydrology models)• data for regional climate studies (e.g. student projects)• statistics of model behavior (also for NWP development)

> Issues currently under investigation: Simulated climate too dry and warm, mainly in the summer and over central N. America; possible deficiencies in

• geophysical fields (e.g. roughness length, land cover)• physical parametrizations

- surface scheme- boundary layer- vertical diffusion- radiative transfer- convection

Second set of experiments

- local extension of SGMIP2 experiment

- two 26-year, 0.5° GEM- LAM simulations: North- America and Europe (same high-resolution core areas of SGMIP2 simulations, same period)

- lateral boundary conditions: 1.5° global uniform-resolution GEM simulation (same physics)

N. America

Europe

SGMIP2 NA

SGMIP2 NAT

ota

l p

reci

p –

Xie

-Ark

in [

mm

/day

]S

urf

ace

Te

mp

era

ture

– E

RA

40 [

C] LAM NA

WINTER 79-03

LAM NA

To

tal

pre

cip

– X

ie-A

rkin

[m

m/d

ay] SGMIP2 NA

Su

rfac

e T

em

pe

ratu

re –

ER

A40

[C

] SGMIP2 NA LAM NASUMMER 79-03

LAM NA

SGMIP2 EU

SGMIP2 EUS

urf

ace

Te

mp

era

ture

– E

RA

40 [

C]

To

tal

pre

cip

– X

ie-A

rkin

[m

m/d

ay]

LAM EUWINTER 78-03

LAM EU

SGMIP2 EUS

urf

ace

Te

mp

era

ture

– E

RA

40 [

C]

SGMIP2 EU

To

tal

pre

cip

– X

ie-A

rkin

[m

m/d

ay]

LAM EUSUMMER 78-03

LAM EU

Summary of limited-area versus variable-resolutionexperiments over N. America & Europe

> comparison of climatologies:• remarkably similar in winter• some differences in summer (LAM slightly closer to analyses)

> cost/benefit favors LAM approach over both domains (note: not necessarily true for other domains, e.g. tropics)

> main weaknesses (e.g. too warm/dry regions, excessive precip. over mountains, etc.) most likely related to deficiencies in geophysical fields and physical parametrizations

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… … thank you / mercithank you / merci

GEM day – June 12, 2007Ouranos, Montréal

in case anyone asks for more results…

200hPa Winds (-ERA40) (m/s)

DJF JJA

DJF 850 hPa Winds (-ERA40) (m/s)

JJA 850 hPa Winds (-ERA40) (m/s)

From: Comparison of Cloud Microphysics between GEM and ARM-SGP Observations. By Danahe

Paquin-Ricard, Colin Jones and Paul Vaillancourt. Submitted to WGNE Blue Book 2007.

a) Winter ISR all sky,

b) Winter ISR cloud free,

c) Winter ISR cloudy,

d) Winter DLR all sky,

e) Winter DLR cloud free,

f) Winter DLR cloudy,

g) Summer ISR all sky,

h) Summer ISR cloud free,

i) Summer ISR cloudy,

j) Summer DLR all sky,

k) Summer DLR cloud free,

l) Summer DLR cloudy.

Distribution of ISR and DLR 3-hourly radiation fluxes from RCMs and observations. The period 15-21 UTC is analyzed due to cloud observations only being available during sunlight:

From: The Simulated Surface Radiation Budget over North America in a Suite of Regional Climate Models by Marko Markovic, Colin Jones, Paul Vaillancourt and Dominique Paquin. Submitted to WGNE Blue Book 2007.