writing to publish
TRANSCRIPT
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Writing for Publication
James Munro
University of Sheffield
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Why write? Fame and fortune
Bolster the CV Pressure from above
dissemination
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So whats the problem? No ideas
Ideas but no writing Writing but nothing sent off
Writing sent off but notaccepted
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The other problem Time
Writing is a lot of work Even academics dont have time
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What well talk about Writing an academic paper
10 ways to be rejected Magazines and books are a bit
different
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Any ideas? Experience
Everyday working Problems
Costly activities
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More ideas Questions from clinicians
especially those you cantanswer
Things that go wrong
Things you disagree with
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You already have something But is it publishable?
Is it interesting? Could it affect practice or policy?
Is it generalisable?
Almost everything is publishablesomewhere
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Dont start writing yet!
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Dont write yet! Whats the context?
Whats the story?
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The context Everybody needs a context
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Context for a research paper Whats already known?
Whats unknown? Whats controversial?
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The need to know Providing a context and a
question creates the readersneed to know
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Whats the story? If this was a news report, what
would the headline be? What is the central idea?
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BMJ approach What is already known on this
topic? What does this study add?
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Outline your story: 1 Context
Once upon a time Methods
there were 3 bears
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Outline your story: 2 Results
and she ran home. Conclusions
never go into the woods alone.
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Dont start writing yet!
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Who is the story for? Whod like to know?
Who needsto know?
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Reasons for rejection The commonest reason editors
give is that the subject matter
wasnt suitable for their journal
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So find the right journal Get to know the journals in
your area What are their interests?
What are their styles?
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So find the right journal Where were other papers on
this topic published?
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Journalology Refereed or not?
Listed in bibliographicdatabases?
Impact factor?
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Write for a journal Select one of the journals which
might be interested in yourstory
Write for thatjournal
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Writing for that journal Instructions for authors
Usually on the web But you need to see a copy
Headings, weighting, referencing,
interests
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Develop your outline Introduction
Methods Results
Discussion
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Introduction What is the issue?
What is already known about it? Set up a question in the
readers mind
Explain why your study isneeded
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Methods What did you do?
How did you do it? Have a logical order
Dont report results here bymistake!
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Results Follow the order of the methods
Who? When? What?
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Discussion Summarise the findings
Draw out the lessonsAcknowledge the limitations
What should happen now?
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BMJs suggested structure Statement of principal findings
Strengths and weaknesses of the study
Strengths and weaknesses in relation to otherstudies, discussing particularly anydifferences in results
Meaning of the study: possible mechanismsand implications for clinicians or policymakers
Unanswered questions and future research
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Structuring Subheadings are essential
For RCTs, use CONSORT For MA of RCTs, QUOROM
For MA of observational studies,MOOSE
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Macro-editing Highlight the key sentence in
each paragraph Does the story flow?
Ask others to read the draft
Give them a specific task
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The little things Spelling
Grammar Tense, voice, singulars and plurals
Consistent layout
Page numbers References
See bmj.com
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When your paper is rejected Dont be discouraged!
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When your paper is rejected Try to find out why
Does it need revising? Send it off to another journal
after checking for style
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Referees comments Dont be defensive
You dont have to do everythingthey suggest
But you do have to address
each point
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Dont!
10 ways to get your paper
rejected
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1: Choose a journal which hasnever shown an interest inthis subject
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2: Write well over thespecified word length to showthe importance of the topic
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3: Try to include at least 10key messages and some extradata from other studies
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4: See if you can improve onthe journals standardheadings
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5: Dont bother with anystatistical advice, sincenobody understands it
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6: Dont worry too muchabout spelling or grammar
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7: Ignore the journals ownreferencing style
f
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8: Add a few new results inthe abstract which you didnthave space for in the maintext
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9: Use different terms for thesame thing interchangeably
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10: For a more personaltouch, send a handwrittenmanuscript
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Good luck!
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Q & A Mas Candra : Apa yang harus dilakukan
apabila ingin melanjutkan ke PTN?
Tika Rostika: Dalam membuat CV halapa saja yang perlu dihindari?Pengalaman relevan dengan CV?Sejauh
mana kita boleh mengeksplore CV? Tika: Bagaimana kita FOKUS dalam
menulis?
Afit: menulis pake outline atau tidak?
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Answer Ibu Julie : Tidak usah disebutkan
Curriculum Vitae,
Bapak Syafiq: Boleh menulismenggunakan outline, dan jangan
takut menulis melebar (barusetelah itu dipilah-pilah), itu lebihbaik daripada tidak menulis sama
sekali.
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Chalida: Apakah faktor budayamempengaruhipenerimaanmotivation letter?
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Answer:Ada limitasi karakter
Jelaskan tentanginterest/cocern kita
Gunakan kata-kata positif yang
memperkuat posisi kita
Jelaskan apa yang akan mereka