Write one paragraph (3-4 sentences) on how you would feel, being on a ship for months or years, exploring ??

http://www.docstoc.com/docs/101920023/Early-European-Exploration

True or False

1. Britain was first European country to trade slaves to the new world

2. More slaves were imported to Central and South America

3. Slavery was only used in the Americas

4. Slaves first arrived to N. America in 1600

False--Portugal

False—Most civilizations had slavery at some point

False—Arrived in 1500s in Florida and Virginia

True—90% ended up in Central/South America

Trading before Renaissance Era• Muslims and Italian Merchants• Silk Road• Marco Polo

The most valued traded items were spices• Moluccas-Spice Islands (Indonesia)

• Preserve Food• Season Food• Medicine• Perfumes

Europeans outside of Italy wanted direct access to be more profitable in trade

Portugal starts sailing

• Prince Henry (Henry the Navigator)• First discovered

• Madeira, Azores islands• North Africa• Mapped African coast

• Wanted to find an easier way around Africa to get to Asia

• Gathered cartographers- mapmakers and scientists• Redesigned ships, created maps and trained captains for long voyages

• 1460 Prince Henry dies

• 1488 Bartholomeu Dias rounds Africa tip called Cape of Good Hope

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/02/Henry_the_Navigator1.jpg

http://nautarch.tamu.edu/shiplab/01George/caravela/pictures/land-col-3-mastedcaravels6.jpg

http://www.robinsonlibrary.com/geography/geography/discoveries/graphics/henry2.gif

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Bartolomeu_Dias_Voyage.PNG

Portugal continues• Vasco da Gama

• 1497 voyage to India—4 ships• 10 month trip to Calicut, India• Lost half of ships on way home, many sailors died of hunger, thirst and scurvy—lack of vitamin C• Still highly profitable • Rebuilt a fleet of ships and in 1502 de Gama forced Calicut’s ruler to sign trade treaty• Soon Portugal seized key ports around Indian Ocean and created a trading empire

http://www.biography.com/imported/images/Biography/Images/Profiles/G/Vasco-da-Gama-9305736-1-402.jpg

http://www.deliabw.edu.hk/broadway/Eng/S3A%20English%20Project/Group%208/Vasco%20da%20gama%60s%20route%20frm%20europe%202%20india.gif

http://img.wikinut.com/img/3dp3.ai3ty0adjde/jpeg/724x5000/Scurvy.jpeg

Christopher Columbus

• From Genoa, Italy• Wanted to reach East Indies (Indonesia) by sailing west (across Atlantic)• Columbus knew the Earth was a sphere• But didn’t know how big Earth was and large continents were in his way• Portugal refused to sponsor him• Spain’s Ferdinand and Isabella did sponsor him as they were looking for wealth and prestige• August 3, 1492 set sail with 3 ships• After many weeks, provisions were low• October 12, 1492 sees land and believes he reaches the East Indies• Calls the people “Indians” • Receives heroes welcome upon return• Made 3 more voyages to “East Asia”• Soon other Europeans realize he found new continents

http://www.interestingtopics.net/christopher-columbus-id-262

http://media.web.britannica.com/eb-media/56/89956-004-9851B885.gif

http://www.ilibrarian.net/history/christopher_columbus_voyages.gif

2 New Continents..Who owns them???

• 1493 Ferdinand and Isabella appeal to the Pope to support their claim to the new world

• 1494 Treaty of Tordesillas• Between Spain and Portugal• Line of Demarcation

• Divided non-European land into 2 zones• Anything to the East belong to Portugal• Anything to the West belong to Spain

• Other European countries…not happy and see it as arrogance and start to build their empires

http://domin.dom.edu/faculty/dperry/hist270silk/calendar/finalclass/images/Tordesillas%20Map.jpg

Naming the new world??• Amerigo Vespucci wrote a journal about his voyage to Brazil. A cartographer used his first name to name the map “Americas”

Still looking for a direct route to Asia• English , French and Dutch looked for the Northwest Passage (Through Arctic Islands)• 1513 Vasco Nunez de Balboa (Spain) hacked through Panama’s forest to see the Pacific• Ferdinand Magellan (Portugal)

• 5 ships set sail Sept 20, 1519 from Spain• Nov 1520 fought thru Strait of Magellan into the Pacific (Peaceful) Ocean• Decided to sail to East Indies…didn’t know how big Pacific was• March 1521 finally reached Philippines• Magellan is killed• Sept 1522, one ship and 18 sailors finally make it back to Spain and were first to Circumnavigate-sail around

http://www.biography.com/imported/images/Biography/Images/Profiles/V/Amerigo-Vespucci-9517978-1-402.jpg

http://www.antarcticguide.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/10/Ferdinand-Magellan.jpghttp://www.heritage-history.com/books/baldwin/thirty/zpage014.gif

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferdinand_Magellan

Africa Exploration• Portuguese

• Established forts along coast• Did not explore interior

• Lacked accurate maps• Little resources

• Dutch• Cape Town, South Africa• Boers- Dutch farmers who settled in South Africa

• Calvinists• Believed they were superior to Africans

• Both British and French also established forts in Africa during this time periodhttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4e/CapeHopeDetail.png

Slave Trade in Africa• Rapidly increased 1500-1600s• Portuguese one of first to start trading slaves• Many slaves sent to America to work on plantations- large estates run by an owner• African warlords took captives to coastal cities where they were traded for goods such as textiles, metals, rum tobacco, weapons and gunpowder• Lasted for 300 years

http://www.slaverysite.com/Body/maps.htm

http://abagond.files.wordpress.com/2010/05/african-slave-trade-11.jpg

List 2 positive and 2 negative impacts of European Exploration

South and Southeast Asia

• Northern India under Mughal rule

• Southern India (Patchwork of Princes)• Afonso de Albuquerque (Portugal)

• Promised Indian Princes aid against other Europeans• Established military and commercial post on Goa• Also defeated Muslims for control of Port of Malacca, 1511• Created outposts-distant areas under their control to control the Asia-Europe Spice Trade

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/78/Alfonso_de_Albuquerque_AGE_V06_1800.jpg

http://www.enchantedlearning.com/dgifs/Dealbuquerque.GIF

http://www.airtickets24x7.com/images/Cruises/star-penang-phuket-malacca-port-klang-cruise-map.jpg

Dutch challenges Portuguese• 1599 First cargo of spices comes to Amsterdam

• Trading ships and warships building explodes• Set up colonies around the world including Cape Town

• Dutch East India Company• Established 1602• Completely sovereign- independent from Dutch government• Build armies, wage war, negotiate treaties

• 1641 Captured Malacca from Portuguese and control the Spice Island trade

http://people.hofstra.edu/geotrans/eng/ch2en/conc2en/img/VOC_Trade_Network.png

Spain• Magellan claimed the Philippines for Spain in 1521• Named after King Philip II• Catholic missionaries• Had silver from Mexico and Peru shipped to Philippines to buy goods in China

Mughal India• At beginning of exploration, Mughal dominated the spice trade • Permitted British, French, Dutch and Portuguese trading rights, building forts and warehouses• Mughal Empire weakens and falls apart

• French and British fight for power• Both used sepoys- Indian troops, to fight for power• Mid 1700s British wins control of India

http://infoskind.blogspot.com/

China• Ming Dynasty limits European traders in China• Portuguese allowed trading post in Macao• Missionaries in China had little success• Qing Dynasty follows Ming Dynasty and follow the same closed-door policy

Korea• Known as the “Hermit Kingdom”

• Closed-door policy• Fearful of invasions/wars

http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-g8cM95BD4Ac/TVS13zDILeI/AAAAAAAAAAQ/MV7mIfTvOcg/s1600/64938-004-8575C4AF.gif

Japan• Welcomed Europeans in 1534

• Printing Press and Firearms• Catholicism (missions) introduced

• 300,000 Christians at one time• Japanese leaders fearful that Christians swore more loyal to the Pope versus Emperor• So, Tokugawas expelled missionaries in Japan and persecuted/killed Japanese Christians

• 1638 Tokugawas banned European traders from coming to Japan

• Also banned Japanese ship building to be more isolated• Isolated for 200 years

http://www.lavermansinjapan.org/media/images/galleries/history/history04.jpg

Match up the Explorers

1.Dias A. First to circumnavigate the world2.Da Gama B. First to see the Pacific3.Columbus C. First to arrive in the New World (Caribbean)4.Magellan D. Portuguese who mapped Africa coastline5.Balboa E. First to Cape of Good Hope (Africa tip)6.Prince Henry F. Portuguese who first sailed to Calicut, India and brought back spices to Portugal