Would you Would you really really want to be want to be a...a...

The Barbarian TribeThe Barbarian TribeIt is the 1st century AD and you live in a village in the It is the 1st century AD and you live in a village in the

RomanRoman province of Gallia province of Gallia LugdunenesisLugdunenesis..

You don't like the Romans much, and theYou don't like the Romans much, and the feeling is mutual feeling is mutual..

Modern day France was called Gallia by the ancient Romans. People from Gallia were called Gauls.

•The Romans invaded The Romans invaded your territory more your territory more than 100 years agothan 100 years ago to to build up the huge build up the huge Roman Empire. Roman Empire.

•TheThe Romans Romans say your say your people are uncivilized. people are uncivilized. They call you They call you ““barbarians.”barbarians.” •You and your people You and your people are not very happy are not very happy with the Romans. Ywith the Romans. You ou plan an uprising. plan an uprising.

•TheThe Romans learn of Romans learn of your little uprising and your little uprising and attack you to “put you attack you to “put you inin your place.” your place.”

Gotcha!Gotcha! The Roman soldiers wear armor and follow a carefully The Roman soldiers wear armor and follow a carefully

worked-out battle plan. worked-out battle plan.

Your people are not so well organized. Your people are not so well organized.

The fighting is soon over and unfortunately for you, The fighting is soon over and unfortunately for you, your tribe lost the battle.your tribe lost the battle.

You are now one of the prisoners. You are now one of the prisoners.

It is the end of your life as a Gaul and you must suffer It is the end of your life as a Gaul and you must suffer the consequences of your “little uprising.”the consequences of your “little uprising.”

What do you think will happen What do you think will happen to your...to your...

Home and family?Home and family? Horse and chariot?Horse and chariot? Weapons?Weapons? Jewelery?Jewelery?

What is next?What is next? You are chained at the neck and You are chained at the neck and

led away to begin a new life as a led away to begin a new life as a slave. slave.

You are marched hundreds of You are marched hundreds of miles from Gallia to Rome, the miles from Gallia to Rome, the heart of the Roman Empire.heart of the Roman Empire.

The journey is long and difficult The journey is long and difficult and the weaker slaves die along and the weaker slaves die along the way — the victims of hunger, the way — the victims of hunger, disease and beatings. disease and beatings.

But lucky you, you are among the But lucky you, you are among the survivors, headed towards the survivors, headed towards the slave markets of Rome.slave markets of Rome.

Sold!Sold! When you finally arrive in Rome, you are passed on to a slave-When you finally arrive in Rome, you are passed on to a slave-

dealer, who buys and sells slaves. dealer, who buys and sells slaves.

The dealer takes you to a slave market where you stand on a The dealer takes you to a slave market where you stand on a platform for everyone to see. Slaves with diseases are made to platform for everyone to see. Slaves with diseases are made to hold a sign so that people know there is something wrong with hold a sign so that people know there is something wrong with them. them.

Your Your FFate!ate! You have been bought by You have been bought by

a wealthy Roman, who a wealthy Roman, who plans to turn you from a plans to turn you from a Gallia comataGallia comata (hairy Gaul)(hairy Gaul) into a civilized Roman into a civilized Roman gladiator.gladiator.

You will be trained to You will be trained to fight and will entertain fight and will entertain the Romans in the arena.the Romans in the arena.

Fame could be yours, if Fame could be yours, if you like that sort of thing.you like that sort of thing.

You are one of the lucky You are one of the lucky ones...ones...MiningMining

Some slaves are sent to work in mines. They Some slaves are sent to work in mines. They may never see daylight again. They die soon. may never see daylight again. They die soon.

QuarryingQuarrying Slaves also work in the heat and dust of Slaves also work in the heat and dust of

quarries, breaking rock for buildings and quarries, breaking rock for buildings and sculptures. They die soon. sculptures. They die soon.

RowingRowing Some men will become galley slaves, rowing Some men will become galley slaves, rowing

the Roman navy's fighting ships. At least the Roman navy's fighting ships. At least they are in fresh air, but they die soon. they are in fresh air, but they die soon.

FarmingFarming Slaves on farms work in all weathers to grow Slaves on farms work in all weathers to grow

food for the Romans. Fresh air is good. If food for the Romans. Fresh air is good. If they have a good owner, life is longer. If they have a good owner, life is longer. If they don’t, they die soon. they don’t, they die soon.

School Days...School Days...

Your new owner has decided Your new owner has decided you will be sent to a you will be sent to a ludus ludus gladiatoriusgladiatorius ((a school where a school where slavesslaves and and criminals are trained to criminals are trained to fight as gladiators). fight as gladiators).

Once inside, the gates will be Once inside, the gates will be locked and there will be no locked and there will be no escape. You'll be trained to escape. You'll be trained to fight by a fight by a lanistalanista or ‘butcher’ or ‘butcher’ ((a a retired gladiator whose fighting retired gladiator whose fighting days in the aredays in the arena na are over).are over).

New Arrival...New Arrival... Your owner will hand you Your owner will hand you

over to a trainer – a tough over to a trainer – a tough man who will teach you man who will teach you how to be a gladiator.how to be a gladiator.

You'll exercise every day You'll exercise every day with weights to build up with weights to build up your body's strength.your body's strength.

Until you can be trusted Until you can be trusted with a real weapon you with a real weapon you will practice with a will practice with a wooden sword.wooden sword.

TrainingTraining You'll learn how to fight with a You'll learn how to fight with a

sword, practicing on a sword, practicing on a ‘man of ‘man of straw’. straw’.

If you don't train hard enough If you don't train hard enough you'll feel the sting of a whip you'll feel the sting of a whip on your back from Mr. on your back from Mr. NNasty.asty.

Meet the staff...Meet the staff...Get to know your place at the Get to know your place at the school. The staff are the bossy school. The staff are the bossy Romans looking after you. It is Romans looking after you. It is their job to prepare you to fight their job to prepare you to fight in the arena.in the arena.

Gladiator TrainingGladiator Training Trained like true athletes , Trained like true athletes ,

received medical attention received medical attention and three meals a dayand three meals a day

Training included learning Training included learning how to use various how to use various weapons, including the war weapons, including the war chain, net, trident, dagger, chain, net, trident, dagger, and lasso and lasso

Were paid each time they Were paid each time they fought. If a gladiator fought. If a gladiator survived three to five years survived three to five years

of combat, they were freed.of combat, they were freed.

Meet the Gladiators...Meet the Gladiators... In your training you will have learned how to fight as one particular type In your training you will have learned how to fight as one particular type

of gladiator. It has cost your owner a lot of money to buy you, feed, train of gladiator. It has cost your owner a lot of money to buy you, feed, train and equip you for the contest. Now you must be victorious – winning is all and equip you for the contest. Now you must be victorious – winning is all that matters. Simplythat matters. Simply stated, stated, If you lose, you die!If you lose, you die!

What you will need...What you will need... The armourer will supply youThe armourer will supply you

with all the equipment that with all the equipment that you will need in the arena. you will need in the arena.

The combination of weapons, The combination of weapons, armour and shields will vary, armour and shields will vary, depending on the type of depending on the type of gladiator you become.gladiator you become.

You will be appointed an You will be appointed an attendant attendant to see to your needs. He will bring to see to your needs. He will bring you food, runyou food, run errands, and errands, and carry carry your equipment into the arena for your equipment into the arena for you. you.

What would you choose, and why?

TASK:TASK: Write a letter home to Write a letter home to

your family explaining your family explaining your journey so far. Be your journey so far. Be sure to use asure to use academic cademic language from your notes language from your notes

Tell Tell your family your family what has what has happened to you since happened to you since you left home.you left home.

Use a strong voice Use a strong voice throughout your letter throughout your letter

Significant Events Significant Events and People and People

CaptureCapture Journey to RJourney to Rome ome Sold at the auction Sold at the auction TrainingTraining The StaffThe Staff The GladiatorsThe Gladiators Your unknown future Your unknown future

Are you: Are you:

A funny Gaul? A funny Gaul? Serious Gaul? Serious Gaul? Pessimistic Gaul? Pessimistic Gaul? Optimistic Gaul? Optimistic Gaul? Scheming Gaul?...)Scheming Gaul?...)

Notice

•The heading, closing, and signature are aligned

•Four mandatory commas : #1 city,state #2 day, year

#3 after greeting #4 after closing

5 4 3 2 1

Student elaborates on all of the seven events and people from the prompt using proper use of academic language

Student includes all of the seven events and people from the prompt

Student includes at least five of the seven events and people from the prompt

Student includes at least four of the seven events and people from the prompt

Student includes at least three of the seven events and people from the prompt

Student includes all five parts of a letters correctly including alignment and conventions of print

Student includes all five parts of the letter with a few minor errors in alignment and conventions of print

Student includes all five parts of the letter with several errors in alignment and conventions of pring

Student includes at least four parts of the letter. There are errors, but effort is apparent

Student is missing two or more parts of the letter with many errors in alignment and conventions of pring

Student’s voice and point of view are strong and consistent with the prompt throughout the letter

Student’s voice and point of view are consistent with the prompt

Student’s voice and/or point of view are not consistent

Student’s voice and/or point of view are confusing at times

Student’s voice and/or point of view are very confusing and hard to follow

Gaul to Gladiator Part #2 Gaul to Gladiator Part #2

Final draft of your letter is due Final draft of your letter is due tomorrow at the beginning of social tomorrow at the beginning of social studies studies

Look at me, my little tulip blossom, I am now a buff Samnite. Just three years and I will return to thee victorious and a hero. Down with the Rotten Romans! Long live the Gauls!

Your little sweet pea,

Everin

Prepare to fight!Prepare to fight!The games are about to begin. Your moment of glory is upon you – you hope. But first, The games are about to begin. Your moment of glory is upon you – you hope. But first,

you must entertain the crowd.you must entertain the crowd.

PracticePractice First you'll fight with First you'll fight with

wooden swords in a wooden swords in a practice duel.practice duel.

GamblingGambling Spectators will gamble Spectators will gamble

on whether you will win on whether you will win your fight …or not.your fight …or not.

OpponentOpponent You will be drawn to You will be drawn to

fight against another fight against another gladiatorgladiator

Prepare to fight!Prepare to fight!

Advice from the benchAdvice from the bench Your trainer will encourage Your trainer will encourage

you, shouting words of advice you, shouting words of advice — and threats. His reputation — and threats. His reputation

Real WeaponReal Weapon You will be given your real You will be given your real

weapon – no more wooden weapon – no more wooden swords from now on.swords from now on.

Prepare to fight!Prepare to fight!MusicMusic Musicians will play war-Musicians will play war-

trumpets, pipes and flutes.trumpets, pipes and flutes.

Action!Action! The contest begins – it's a The contest begins – it's a

fight to the death.fight to the death.

Noisy CrowdNoisy Crowd The crowd will cheer and The crowd will cheer and

shout all the time you are shout all the time you are fighting.fighting.

Prodded into action...Prodded into action... You are about to fight for You are about to fight for

your life, but it is not just your life, but it is not just your opponent you have your opponent you have to worry about.to worry about.

Your trainer will be Your trainer will be watching every move watching every move and, if he thinks you are and, if he thinks you are not trying hard enough, not trying hard enough, he has a painful way of he has a painful way of prodding you back into prodding you back into action.action.

Try to stay alive Try to stay alive until midday. until midday. Then you'll have Then you'll have a chance for a a chance for a rest when you'll rest when you'll be able to watch be able to watch pairs of pairs of criminals fight criminals fight to the death.to the death.

Bad Luck!Bad Luck! Bad luck! In your contest you Bad luck! In your contest you

were drawn to fight a were drawn to fight a retariusretarius, , a gladiator who catches a gladiator who catches opponents in his net before opponents in his net before moving in for the final kill.moving in for the final kill.

As you lie on the sandy floor of As you lie on the sandy floor of the arena, he brings his the arena, he brings his dagger to your throat. You dagger to your throat. You must think fast – you may must think fast – you may have only seconds to live. have only seconds to live. There’s only one thing you can There’s only one thing you can do: appeal to the emperor.do: appeal to the emperor.

Will you live or die? Will you live or die?

Will you live or die?Will you live or die? The crowd are on their feet, The crowd are on their feet,

shouting "shouting "HabetHabet, , hoc hoc habethabet!", which means "Got !", which means "Got him! Let him have it!". him! Let him have it!". There's only one thing you There's only one thing you can do. can do.

As you raise your left hand As you raise your left hand to appeal to the emperor to appeal to the emperor he will turn to the crowd he will turn to the crowd and let them decide your and let them decide your fate. All you can hope for is fate. All you can hope for is that they call out "that they call out "MitteMitte!"– !"– "Let him go!"."Let him go!".

Appeal to the Emperor...Appeal to the Emperor...Thumbs UpThumbs Up If the crowd hold their thumbs up If the crowd hold their thumbs up

and wave their handkerchiefs, and wave their handkerchiefs, the fallen gladiator will be the fallen gladiator will be allowed to live.allowed to live.

Thumbs DownThumbs Down If the crowd turn their thumbs to If the crowd turn their thumbs to

the ground, as if swiping a sword the ground, as if swiping a sword through the air, then the through the air, then the defeated man must die.defeated man must die.

DrawDraw If both gladiators are still on their If both gladiators are still on their

feet and have fought their best, feet and have fought their best, then a draw may be declared then a draw may be declared and neither man will die.and neither man will die.

Its all over...Its all over... It seems the crowd showed you no mercy and the It seems the crowd showed you no mercy and the retariusretarius was the was the

winner of the contest. While your body is dragged from the arena, the winner of the contest. While your body is dragged from the arena, the victorious gladiator is presented with his prizes.victorious gladiator is presented with his prizes.

The games end...The games end...Finished offFinished off Dying gladiators are killed Dying gladiators are killed

by a man dressed as the by a man dressed as the mythical character mythical character Charon.Charon.

Dragged awayDragged away Men drag away the bodies Men drag away the bodies

of the dead and dump of the dead and dump them in a pit.them in a pit.

CleanersCleaners Boys rake the sand over Boys rake the sand over

to remove all signs of to remove all signs of blood.blood.

So...So...

Would you want to be a gladiator?Would you want to be a gladiator?

ThracianThracian Wide-brimmed crested Wide-brimmed crested

helmet with visorhelmet with visor Protection on both legsProtection on both legs GreavesGreaves - arm - arm

protection needed protection needed because the smallness because the smallness of the shield of the shield

ParmulaParmula -small -small rectangular shieldrectangular shield

Sica Sica - short, curved - short, curved sword designed to sword designed to main his opponent’s main his opponent’s unarmored backunarmored back

Secutor Secutor Egg-shaped helmet with round Egg-shaped helmet with round

eye-holes to protect eyes from eye-holes to protect eyes from tridents tridents

Small, black helmet was Small, black helmet was rounded to help him escape rounded to help him escape metal nets metal nets

OcreaOcrea –Metal guard on one leg –Metal guard on one leg ManicaManica – Metal wrapping on the – Metal wrapping on the

right arm right arm Legionary-styleLegionary-style shield and sword shield and sword The The secutorsecutor was called a was called a

“chaser” “chaser” Frequently paired with the Frequently paired with the

retiariusretiarius who represented water who represented water SecutorSecutor represented fire – “fire represented fire – “fire

chases water” chases water”

RetiariusRetiarius Net-and-trident fighter Net-and-trident fighter Galerus - Galerus - metal shoulder and metal shoulder and

arm guard arm guard Large metal netLarge metal net Small dagger on metal beltSmall dagger on metal belt Rete Rete – three-pointed trident – three-pointed trident The only type of gladiator The only type of gladiator

whose head and face were whose head and face were uncovereduncovered

Wore no defensive armor, the Wore no defensive armor, the retiariusretiarius was more mobile and was more mobile and very quick very quick

More vulnerable to serious More vulnerable to serious woundswounds

Represents Represents PoseidonPoseidon, god of , god of water water

Hoplomachi or SamniteHoplomachi or Samnite Galea Galea - visored helmet had - visored helmet had

a large griffin crest and a large griffin crest and plumeplume

GladiusGladius 27 inch short 27 inch short straight sword after which straight sword after which the gladiator was named the gladiator was named

GladiusGladius was designed to was designed to thrust and parry rather than thrust and parry rather than to cut and slice. to cut and slice.

Fully armored, and based Fully armored, and based on Greek on Greek hopliteshoplites

Woolen quilted legWoolen quilted leg wrappings, and shin-guards. wrappings, and shin-guards.

Carried a spear in the Carried a spear in the Hoplite Hoplite style with a small style with a small round shield round shield

• Carried a lasso to capture his opponent • Could carry a trident, a Poignard (dagger), Gladius (Roman short sword), or all three of the above • Armguard worn over the left shoulder• Later in history the lasso was replaced by a Pila et Vinculum, a long chain with a heavy spiked ball on the end

Laquerius Laquerius

• Rode in a chariot, sometimes they had a driver • Could carry a sword • Medallion – six foot long spear with an iron point• Did have armour based on Celtic design • Tactics included running over their opponent or stabbing them with their medallion• If the wheels came off their chariot, they would free their horses from the chariot and fight from the back of their favorite steed

Essedarius Essedarius