Worldwide Harmonized Heavy Duty Emissions Certification Procedure

UNITED NATIONS

58th GRPE, Geneva, 11 June 2009

Informal document No. GRPE-58-19(58th GRPE, 8-12 June 2009, agenda item 2(b))

General OverviewUNITED NATIONS

ECE - GRPE

WHDC

WHDC approval of document ECE/TRANS/WP.29/GRPE/10 achieved with respect to the following major elements Option 1: New structure of § 6.3 (engine power) and new Annex 7 Option 5: PM measurement New structure of § 7 (test procedures) Introduction of analyzer drift correction Provisions on crankcase gases

WHDC could not reach agreement on the following aspects of Document ECE/TRANS/WP.29/GRPE/10 Option 2: USA disagreement with Annex 2 Options 3 and 4: test results not fully available, further discussion

after GRPE 58 will be needed Dilution air temperature

Option 1 – PrinciplesUNITED NATIONS

ECE - GRPE

WHDC

General engine installation Engine to be tested only with the auxiliaries or equipment listed in Annex 7. Other auxiliaries/equipment should be removed.

Auxiliaries/equipment required for the emissions testIf auxiliaries/equipment required for the test are not fitted, their power shall be subtracted from engine power

Auxiliaries/equipment not required for the emissions testIf auxiliaries/equipment not required for the test are fitted, their power may be added to engine power

Calculation of reference and actual cycle work must take into account auxiliaries/equipment power, if these are not fitted according to the list of Annex 7

Option 2 - Reference FuelUNITED NATIONS

ECE - GRPE

WHDC

Introduction of average reference fuel that covers national reference fuel specifications (Annex 2) is not supported by EPA

Possible alternatives to be decided by GRPE

go back to original gtr with 3 reference fuels (USA, EU, Japan)

widen specs of Annex 4 and allow CP’s to apply tighter specs

Test results on engine 2 (US07 engine) were presented by JRC

Test results of SwRI program (US10 like engine) were presented by EMA

Overall, influence of fuel on emissions was demonstrated to a more or lesser degree (depending on engine technology), which would not preclude acceptance of average reference fuel

Option 2 – EMA/SwRI NOx ResultsUNITED NATIONS

ECE - GRPE

WHDC

Emissions with US reference fuel are higher by about 30%

Average Stdev CVar Average Stdev CVar0.119 0.0176 14.7% 0.151 0.0043 2.9% 0.0310.190 0.0129 6.8% 0.135 0.0145 10.8% 0.0550.095 0.0039 4.1% 0.148 0.0075 5.0% 0.053

EU U.S.Day 1 0.119 0.151Day 2 0.135 0.190Day 3 0.095 0.148Average 0.117 0.163

Overall Stdev 0.0208 0.0218Overall Cvar 18% 13%

0.047

Morning AfternoonAbs

Difference

Final Difference

Option 2 – JRC Results/Engine 2NOX [g/kWh]

0.0000

0.5000

1.0000

1.5000

2.0000

2.5000

3.0000

COLD WHTC HOT WHTC

Fuel A Fuel B Fuel C

UNITED NATIONS

ECE - GRPE

WHDC

Emissions with US reference fuel slightly higher for NOx, very similar for PM

PM [g/kWh]

0.0000

0.0005

0.0010

0.0015

0.0020

0.0025

COLD WHTC HOT WHTC

Fuel A Fuel B Fuel C

Option 3 – Hot Soak PeriodUNITED NATIONS

ECE - GRPE

WHDC

WP.29/AC.3 had agreed to exclude options 3 (hot soak period) and 4 (cold start weighting factor) from the current mandate

Automotive industry (EMA/ACEA/JAMA) offered to EPA a test program with 4 engines on soak period in order to find solutions to option 3

OICA indicated acceptance of the 14% cold start weighting factor in case of a compromise solution on option 3 (soak period)

Test results of 2 engines were presented at 28th WHDC meeting

Test results of the remaining engines are not available for GRPE 58

WHDC is therefore asking GRPE to extend the timeline for further discussions

Final solution might only be taken at November 2009 WP.29

Option 3 – EMA/SwRI ResultsUNITED NATIONS

ECE - GRPE

WHDC

Cold Hot 1 Hot 2 Hot 3 Hot 4 Hot 5 Hot 6 Hot 7 Hot 810-min 20-min 10-min 20-min 10-min 20-min 10-min 20-min

Day 1 0.628 0.145 0.156 0.099 0.131 0.090 0.119 0.079 0.11520-min 10-min 20-min 10-min 20-min 10-min 20-min 10-min

Day 2 0.735 0.141 0.103 0.107 0.094 0.112 0.083 0.091 0.04210-min 0.09220-min 0.121 0.030

Soak Length

Soak Length

• Hot-start conversion (1.27 g/hp-hr NOx Engine-out)

– 10-min soak = 93 %

– 20-min soak = 90 %

Option 3 – DDC ResultsUNITED NATIONS

ECE - GRPE

WHDC

WHTC Soak Time Investigations - Cycle NOx

0.00

0.05

0.10

0.15

0.20

0.25

0.30

0.35

0.40

0.45

0.50

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Soak Time (min)

Cyc

le N

Ox

(g/h

p-h

r)

WHTC Alternating Soak Times - Day 1 WHTC Alternating Soak Times - Day 2

cold 10 20 10 20 10 20 10 20

20 minutes

Option 5 – PM MeasurementUNITED NATIONS

ECE - GRPE

WHDC

Comments and CorrigendaUNITED NATIONS

ECE - GRPE

WHDC

Corrigenda approved by WHDC

EMA: correction to table 4

OICA: correction of references

Proposal from Poland approved by WHDC

more accurate formulae for CH4 and NMHC calculation

correction of NMHC u value in tables 5 and 6

No further comments received

NMHC/CH4 Calculation

Accurate formulae for calculation of the NMHC concentration

ME

SHCWM

SOHCW

EE

cEc

)1(/

- (b)

ME

MfSHCWM

SOHCW

EE

ERcEc

)1()1()( / - (c)

ME

fSHCWM

SOHCW

EE

RcEc

)1(/

- (d)

UNITED NATIONS

ECE - GRPE

WHDC

The following formulae, which take the methane response factor into account, are proposed by Poland

Formula for calculation of methane concentration

)(

)1(/

MEf

ES

OHCWSHCW

EER

Ecc

- derived

ME

ES

OHCWSHCW

EE

Ecc

)1(/

- GTR No. 4

SHCWc - R.83.06

Summary

WHDC in conjunction with OCE is a major step forward for effectively controlling emissions from heavy duty vehicles

Options 1 and 5 are solved

Option 2 could not be solved by WHDC; two alternatives are presented to GRPE for discussion

Option 3 (and 4) test results are not completely available; extension of timeline is requested for solving these 2 options

GRPE approval is asked for the proposed corrigenda

for introduction of more accurate NMHC/CH4 formulae proposed by Poland

GRPE is asked to disband the informal group on WHDC, which has completed its mandate after 12 years of work and 28 meetings

The WHDC group especially appreciates Dr. Cornelis Havenith, former chairman and mastermind of the WHDC process, for his contribution to global harmonization

Chairman and secretary would like to thank all members of the group for their contributions to the success of this ambitious program

UNITED NATIONS

ECE - GRPE

WHDC