world wide strontium contamination 1990

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MatthewA. Monett

March 1996



EML-579

Worldwide Deposition of Strontium-90 through 1990

Matthew A. Monetti

Environmental Measurements Laboratory

U.S. Department of Energy

New York, N Y 10014-3621

March 1996

DISCLAIMER

Thisreportwas prepared asan account of wo rk sponsored by a n agency of the United States Government. Neither theUnited Sta tes Government no r any agency thereof, nor an y of their employees, makes an y warranty , express o r implied,o r assumes an y legal liability o r responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of a ny information,apparatus, product, o r process disclosed, o r represents that its use would not infringe privately own ed rights. Referencehere in to an y specific commercial product, process, o r service by trad e name, trademark , manufactu rer, o r otherwise,

does no t necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recomm endation, or favoring by the United Sta tes Governmentor an y agency thereof. Th e views an d opinions of auth ors expressed herein d o not necessarily state o r reflect those of theUnited States Gov ernment o r an y agency thereof."

Thisreport has been reprodu ced directly from the best available copy.

Available from the N ational Technical Information Service, U. S. Department of Commerce, 5285 Port R oyal Road,

Springfield, Virginia 22161.



able of Contents

T

....................................................................ntroduction 1

Methods ....................................................................... 2

Data Quality and Validation ........................................................ 3

........................................................................esults 5

Discussion ..................................................................... 6

Acknowledgements .............................................................. 8

References ..................................................................... 9

..................................................................ables 1-18 12. 3

Figure 1-3 .................................................................... 54 . 6

..1.



ntroduction

IAs a result of increased atmospheric testing of nuclear weapons, concerns over the fate of radioactivity

released €?om these detonations and related implications to national security during the ‘‘arms race”, the

Environmental Measurements Laboratory (EML) initiated a program known s the G lobal Fallout

Program (GFP) in 1958. This program has been operated via one of the largest global sampling networks

ever assembled in the world. The GFP had over 140 sampling stations during the 1960s (Hardy, 1977).

From 1987to 1990, the network consisted of the 6 6 sites shown in Figure 1, and listed in Table 1along

with other site characteristics. The intent of the GFP was to obtain radionuclide deposition idormatio n

which could be used to address factors related to the global transport and fa te of radionuclides following

an atmospheric release. Around the same time that this program was being developed several other

global studies on fission-produced radioactivity were being pursued. These studies included investi-

gations of atmospheric transport and residence times inboth the stratosphere and the troposphere, soil

burdens, and the subsequent assimilation nto food and the human body. An essentially complete

understanding of the processes affecting the fa te of released radioactivity resulted, which helped to

identify the significance of this material to human health.

Since it is considered important to maintain a record of the global deposition, distribution and

inventory of fallout radioactivity, the GFP has remained an active program. Initially, GFP data included

several of the radionuclides produced during weapons testing. Strontium-90 was chosen as the primary

radionuclide of interest due to its unique properties. To begin with, %r isproduced with a relatively high

fission yield (3.7 PBq MCi per Megaton) during the detonation of nuclear weapons. Strontium-90 is also

an beta-emitting radionuclide with a fairly long half-life (28 years). Finally, 90Sr s readily incorporated

into the biosphere as a result of chemical properties it shareswith calcium, an essential element formost

organisms including human. Together these properties have important implications on the effect that

nuclear weapons fallout 90Sr an have on human health. Strontium-90 was considered the most important

radionuclide released during the atmospheric weapons testing based on worldwide health hazards

(UNSCEAR, 1982). Em’s ? S r deposition databaseis the most extensiveof its kind in the world.

- 1 -



This report has been prepared to present additional new data that has been added to E m ’ s database.

Numerous documents similar to this one have been published regularly since the GFP began to provide

the scient%c co munity, policy-makers and the general public with information on radioactive fallout.

Three compilation reports have been published to date (Hardy 1977; Larsen, 1984a; Larsen, 1985). The

database now serves as a direct source of fallout records for contemporary investigations addressingradiological concerns. These records have also proven extremely useful for studiesin several other fields

that have utilized the unique and well-defined sourceof radioactivity as tracers ofdifferent p rocesses.

efhods

MThere have been very few changes in the procedures for the operation of the GFP since the years when

the %r database was firstgenerated. The same sampling devices are being used since the beginning of

the program. These include two different open containers, a stainless-steel pot and a polyethylene bucket,

and an ion-exchangeunit (see Table 1). The open containers are simple devices that collect all the

material which is deposited in them. The ion-exchange sampling unit performs a fis t-order extraction of

the bulk deposition at the sampling site. It consist of a funnel connected in series to a column packed

with Dowex-50 ion-exchange resin. The ion-exchangecolumn emoves the ? 3 r from the precipitationas

itpasses hrough the column. The sampling devices are exposed to collect a sample each calendar month,

except for at the Australian stations where the samplers are exposed for a 3-month (quarterly) period. Thearea exposed to bulk deposition ranges from 640 to 760 cm2 depending on which device is used. The

samplers and their operation are described inmore detail in EML’s Procedure Manual, Section2 (Chieco

et al., 1992).

The samples are sent to EML and prepared for analysis. The samples collected in pots and buckets are

passed through on-exchange columns in the laboratory. One column is used for each 3-month quarter of

samples. The sam ples collected with the ion-exchangeunits are composted into quarterly samples by

combining hree months of samples. The ? S r analyses are then performed on quarterly samples (prior to1976 the monthly samples were analyzed) by either EML or contractor laboratories. The radiochemical

methods used to process, separate and count the samples for

EML’s Procedures Manual, Section4 (Chieco et aZ. 1992). Blind quality control blanks and spiked

analysis are similar to those described in

- 2 -



reference samples are included with each se t of samples and represent about 10% of the totalsamples

analyzed. The contractors are required tomeet specified criteria regarding agreement with quality control

samples and counting errors for all samples.

Once the data is obtained it i s evaluated for adherence to the contract specifications, converted toobtain values of ? 3 r deposition per unit area (Bq m"), and added to the %r deposition database. The

database is then used to update estimates of the total annual deposition and global burden of?3r. The

method used to determine these values has been described by Volchok (1965). Represen tative%

deposition values (Bq m") are derived for each lo-degree latitude band based on the site data averages.

Deposition values are obtained for the unsampled regions (north of 70% and south of 70 s) by

exbapolatingto a deposition of zero at the poles. The total

latitude band and then summed for a global total.

deposition (TBq) is calculated for each

ata Q uality and Validation

DAs already mentioned, the contractors must meet estab lished criteria to ensure that EML's database

represents the best quality possible. Table 2 shows the results of blank samples submitted to four

laboratories that performed analysis of samples collected from 1987 hrough 1990. The laboratories are

identified by letters to maintain anonymity. The number of results reported in Table 2 is proportional tothe total number of samples analyzed by that particular laboratory. The mean blank values for each of the

laboratories was below the established criteria set at 17Bq. One result reported by laboratoryA and two

results reported by laboratory C were above this limit, but the remainder of the results were generally well

below this value. The blank result of48.3 0.8 Bq was obtained due to difficulties encounteredin

processinga batch of samples. There is no apparent explanation for the other two high blank values.

.

Results of spiked reference samples are shown in Table 3. The contract specifies that the reported

values must bewithin

20% of the known quantity added to the sam ple as suggested by Harley (1961) andHardy (1973). All four of the laboratories had mean percent recovery values within this range, but again

some individual analyses did not meet this criteria. Three, nine and three of the reported values analyzed

by laboratoryA, C and D, respectively, were outside the contract limit. One of the values reported by

- 3 -



laboratory C was in the same problem batch mentioned above. The apparent difficulty encountered with

the analyses of four samples by laboratory C and the three by laboratory Dinvo lved ashing of the samples

prior to transfer to the contractor. There is no obvious explanation for the remaining seven results that did

not meet the established criteria.

Another set of criteria that was established o help ensure the high qualityof%Srdata was limits for

relative counting errors. The relative counting errorlimits set in the analytical contracts areasfollows:

30% for resu lts greater than 17up through 34 Bq; 15% for results greater than 34 up through 83 Bq; 8%

for results greater than 83 up through 167 Bq; and 4 for results greater than 167 Bq. No limit is defined

for reported results of 17Bq and lower since these values are anticipated to be at or below the detection

l i t s . The superscript letters following the data inTable4 ndicate the relative counting errors. Few of

the reported results exceeded the limits described above.

In addition to the criteria establishedto ensure the quality of the data, the database has been evaluated

by directcomparisons with other programs. The United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority (UKAEA)

also had a global program to investigate the deposition of radioactivity. This program w as also based on

a global network similarinsize o EML's GFP. The primary radionuclideof nterest in he UKAEA

program was 137Cs,ut estimates of %Srdeposition were typically estimated by using a mean to %Sr

ratio. Table 5 presents the UKAEA global %Srdeposition data fiom 1958 through 1990 (Playford et al.,

1993), along with EML's GFP data. The largest difference between the annual %Srdeposition databases

is 58% in 1970, but overall the data are in good agreement. EML's annual %Sr deposition values aregenerally higher than he UKAEA values during the early period (1958 through 1992) of these programs,

and the opposite is true during the later years. This comparison also indicates that E m s methodology is

more sensitive than the UKAEA's for determining the global %Srdepositionsince he UKAEA program

could only report upper limit values fiom 1982 through 1990. The cumulative %Srdeposit data shows

even better agreement than the annuaI deposition. The largest coefficientof variation in the cumulative

"Sr depositis 6 . It is likely that the differences between the two annual "Sr deposition databases can

be accounted for as a result of varying meteorological conditions at the sampling locations between the

networks Hardy et al., 1968). Both programs calculate global averages values based on a few individual

locations. Such an approach, although theoretically practical (Volchok, 1965), is certain o have some

unlcnownerror associated with it. The comparison between these two independent programs would

indicate that thiserror isnot great.

-4-



Since the release of radionuclides during atmospheric weapons testing was well studied, other data is

also available for com parison. Feely (1977) matched the GFP-derived estimates of %Srdepositionwith

%Srdeposition expected as a result of the net loss of %Sr n the stratosphere during 197 4 o 1976. The

GFP estimate was 18% higher than the stratosphericloss. This is a good agreement since both estimates

are subject to uncertainties. Larsen (1984b) made a similar comparison with stratospheric %Srdata fiom1976 hrough 1982. Again, the results indicate that there is good agreement between the loss of%Sr fiom

the stratosphere and the global deposition values estimated by the GFP. These results indicate that the

overall uncertainty of the annual estimates of global %Srdeposition may be as high as 20%. This evel of

uncertainty would not significantly affect the interpretationor use of the GFP data.

R””’”Quarterly%Sr deposition (Bq m”) and precipitation (cm) data fiom 1987 through 1990 are rzported for

the individual sam pling locations shown in Table 4. The sites are listed in order of increasing distance

fiom 90”N latitude. Annual totals of the quarterly results are provided in the last columnofTable 4.

Tables 6 to 9 list the average %Srdeposited (l3q m”) in each 10-degree atitude band and the entire

world for theyea rs 198 7,19 88,1989 and 1990, respectively. Averages are provided for each quarter

alongwithan annual average. The number of sites used to calculate the average deposition are given next

to the values. The letter “E’, indicates that no results were available o determineanaverage for the

latitude band, so the average was calculated by extrapolationasmentioned in the Methods Section. The

average deposition data isused to calculate the total % Sr deposits (TBq) in the latitude bands and the

world shown in Tables 10 to 13for the years 19 87,1988 ,198 9 and 1990, respectively. These tables

present total deposition values fo r each quarter and a summation for the year. In Tables to 17, the totaI

annual %Srdeposition is added to the previous global data to obtain the cum ulative (decayed) burden of

%Sr (PBq) n each latitude band and the world for the years 1987,1 988,1 989 and 1990, respectively.

The data shows the cum ulative deposit at the end of each quarter. Figure 2 is a histogram showingthe

latitudinal distribution of the global %Srburden a t the end of 1990. The percent of the total global burden

present ineach 10-degree latitude band is also provided in this figure.

- 5 -



Thetotalannual deposition (PBq) and fission yieldsof atmospheric weapons testing (MT) for the

Northernand Southern Hemispheres are reported in Table 18. This table lists data from the inceptionof

the GFP (1958) to the end of 1990. Figure 3 also displays someof the historical da ta available in the

GFP Figure 3A is a plot of the annual global ?S r deposition(PBq) iom 1958 to 1990. A graph of the

annual fission yields fiom atmospheric weapons testing fiom 1945 to 1990 is shown in Figure 3B, and a

graph of the cumulative global depositof%Sr (PBq) from 1958 to L990 is shown in Figure 3C. The value

(85.1 PBq) indicated in Figure 3C as the pre- 1958 ?Sr deposit was estimated fiom the fission yields of

tests conducted prior to 1957 by assuming that each Megaton of nuclear explosive power generates 3.7

PBq of 5 r .

iscussion

DThe bulk of the data in the GFP database has already been presented and interpreted in numerous

reports over theyears (e.g., M onetti and Larsen, 1991). As more data becomes availableit is compared

and appendedto he h istoric database.

The site specific %Srdeposition data in Table4 shows that the majority of the 1987 through 1990

values were low and indicate that there was no significant atmosphericsource of%Sron a global scale.

This is in agreement with the fac t that there were no announced atmospheric detonations or large-scale

nuclear accidents. Also he presence of fission products in the surface air sam ples collected around the

world was generally below the detection limit as noted in EML’s SurfaceAir Sampling Program (Larsen

and Sanderson, 1991). Thirty-seven percent of the quarterly %r deposition results reported in Table4

had a value of zero, and another 37% of the data had a value below 0.1 Bq m-2. The remaining 26% of

the results generally were low values with high uncertainties. The %Sr deposition reported a t these

locations may simply have been due to the resuspensionof previously deposited material. Some of the

higher results are more interesting and require other explanations. lthough the highest quarterly%Sr

deposition, 7.4 Bq m”, was observed in the sample collected inPeru during the third quarter of 1989, this

data is subject tohigherrors due to analfical difficulties. The next few locations in a seriesofdecreasing

quarterly %r deposition are all in Australia (Darwinduring the fourth quarterof 1987, Tow nsvile during

the third quarterof 1989 and Perth during the fourth quarter of 1987, with 6.2,2.1 and 1.8 Bq m”,

- 6 -



respectively). The counting errors for these results were all low, but there were some unresolved

problems with the quality control samples analyzed with several of the Australian samples. If there has

been any a tmospheric source of 90Srother than resuspension at any of the sampling stations duringthis

period itwould have been of limited quantity and extent. More detailed studies would be necessary to

verify and identify potential radionuclide sources at specific locations of concern.

The averaged %Srdeposition data reported in Tables 6 through 9 reflect the individual site data. The

few elevated values resulted fiom the increased deposition at the individual locations noted above. There

is no apparent temporal or spatial pattern to suggest that any event resulted in a global atmospheric

release of radioactivity. The total %Sr deposited (Tables 10 to 13) during thisperiod of time was

insignificantrelative to the burden of %Srpresent at the time (Tables 14 to 17). The quantityof%Sr

deposited from 1987 to 1990 was the lowest it ishas been over any other 4-year period since the GFP

began. Since the total %Srdeposition was less than the decay of the %Srburden, the cumulative %Sr

deposit decreased from 1987 to 1990. At the end of 1990, the global burden of %Sr 311.4 PBq) was

lower than it has been in 27 years.

The bimodal latitudinal distribution of the global %Srburden shown in Figure 2 is a result of factors

controlling the transp ortof radioactivity released into the atmosphere. Atmospheric weapons tests

injected most of the radioactivity into the stratosphere (Bennett, 1978). Thismaterial tended to remain in

the stratosphere until the spring of the following year when it passed through the disruptions in the

tropopause at midlatitudes in the Northern and Southern Hemispheres (UNSCEAR, 1982). Once in the

troposphere, the material was carried around the world within Hadley cells. The fallout radionuclides

were then deposited onto the earth's surface by both wet and dry deposition. This circulation pattern

maintained latitudinal bands ofpeak radioactivity at the midlatitudes.

Nuclear weapons testing began in 1945, but the total fission yields produced were low until the early

1950's (Figure 2B). Over 90%of the weapons testing occurred n the Northern Hemisphere since 1958,

but only 76%of the %Srwas deposited in the Northern Hemisphere (Table 18). Most of the %Sr

deposited in the Southern Hemisphere was from Northern Hemisphere tests and was transported across

the equator while it was in the stratosphere (Juzdan, 1988). Additionally, many of the tests conducted in

the Northern Hemisphere were performed near the equator (Carter and Moghissi, 1977). The peak of

weapons testing in 1962 resulted in the peak annual %Sr deposition in 1963 (Figure 2A). Another minor

peak in the annual%Srdeposition database during 1959 followed the increased testing the year before.

- 7 -



The cur;lulative %Srdeposit increased sharply during the early 1960s because of the extensivetesting

conducted duringthis period. A moratorium on atmospheric weapons testing was observed since 1963 by

all the countries involved except for China. *Sincehis time, the fission yields have been low com paredto

the earlier testingyields. The annual global ?Sr deposition sharply decreased as a result of the 1963

moratorium. The cumulativeglobal deposit reached amaximum value (451.4PBq)in 1966 and was

maintained at this level for 6 years. Since 1972the cumulative %Srdeposit has been decreasingsince he

radioactive decay of the global 90Srburden has been greater than the amount released into the atmosphere.

The last atmospheric weapons test was performed by China at the Lop Nor te st siteon October 16,1980.

Most of the =Sr associated with this test was deposited in 1981. The %Srdeposited dining 1986 was due

to the Chernobyl accidentin the Ukraine Republicof the former Soviet Union. Strontium-90 was

dishiuted throughout the Northern Hemisphere, but the event was primarily of regional importancewith

greatest effectsinEurope. TheGFPwas able to provide some interesting information on the transpor t

and fate of this release (Monetti and Larsen, 1991). There was no significant global %Srdeposit fiom

1987 hrough 1990, and the cumulative deposit continued to decrease.

cknowledgments

AEML is extremely grateful for the support of the s ite operators who maintain the deposition sampling

stationsaround the world. Their efforts are greatly appreciated but often not formallyrecognized. We

would also like to thank all of those who aided us in establishing and maintaining the network. This

includes those individuals or groups who served as contacts to ensure that supplies and information was

relayed to the appropriate locations. This program could not have been accomplished without the

assistance of all these people.

- 8 -



eferences

RBennett, B. G.

“EnvironmentalAspects of Americium”USERDA Report EML-348, December (1978)

Carter, M. and A. Moghissi

“ThreeDecades ofNuclear Testing”

Health Physics,a75 -7 1 July (1977)

Chieco, N. A., D. C. Bogen and E. 0.Knutson .

“EML Procedures Manual”HASL-3OOy27thEdition, Vol. 1, November (1992)

Feely, H. W.

“Worldwide Depo sitionof %Sr hrough 1976”

USERDA Report HASL-328, pp. 1-85-1-103, October (1977)

Hardy, E. P., Jr.

“AnalysisofQuality Control Samples at HASL and a Contractor Laboratory - during 1972”

USERDA Report HASL-268, January (1973)

Hardy, E. P., Jr.

“Final TabulationofMonthly ? S r Fallout Data, 1954- 1976”

USERDA Report HASL-329, October (1977)

Hardy, E. P., Jr., M. W. Meyer, J. S. Allen and L. T. Alexander

“90-Sron the Earth‘s Surface77Nature, 584-587 (1968)

- 9 -



Wzley; J. H.

%mors inMeasurement”

USAEC Report HASL-105, January (1961)

J&Z.R

‘WorldwideDeposition of%Srthrough 1985”

USDOE Report EML-515, July (1988)

Larsen,R J.

“Graphic Presentation of Quarterly ? 3 r Fallout Data, 1954-1982”

USDOE Report EM L-424, January (1984a)

Larsen, R J.

lWorldwideDeposition of %Srthrough 1982”

USDOE ReportEML-430, June (1984b)

Larsen, R J.

‘Worldwide Deposition of%Sr through 1983”

USDOE Report EML-444, July (1985)

Larsen, R J. and C. G. Sanderson“EML Surface Air Sampling Program, 1989 Data”

USDOE Report E m -5 4 1 , August (1991)

Monetti, M. A. and R J. Larsen

“WorldwideDeposition of %Sr hrough 1986”

USDOE Report EML-533, April (1991)

Playford, K., J. Toole and I. Adsley“RadioactiveFallout inAir and Rain:Results to the end of 1991”

U. K. Atomic Energy Authority Report AEA-EE-0498, May (1993)

-’ 10 -



UNSCEAR

“U.N. ScientificCommitteeon the EffectsofAtomic Radiation - 198 2 Reportto the General Assembly,

withAnnexes. IonizingRadiation: Sources and Biological Effects”

UnitedNations, New York (1982)

Volchok, H. L.

‘Worldwide Deposition of ?3r through 1964“

USAECReport HASE245, pp. 268-284, July (1965)

-11-



TABLE 1

SAMPLINGLOCATIONSOF THE GFP FROM 1987 TO 1990

Elevation

Sampling Site Latitude Longitude (m) sampling unit

Faibanks, Alaska

Nome, Alaska

Keflavik, Iceland

Anchorage, Alaska

Cold Bay, Alaska

Moosonee, Canada

Vienna, Austria

Munich, Germany

Klagenfurt, Austria

Vermillion, South DakotaArgonne, Illinois

Wooster, Ohio

New York, New York

Lajes Field, Azores

Seoul, Korea

Hiroshima, Japan

WestLos Angeies, California

Birmingham, Alabama

Nagasaki, Japan

Kindley AEB, BermudaHouston, Texas .

Miami, Florida

Taipei, Taiwan

Lihue, Hawaii

Mauna Loa,Hawaii

Wake slandSan uan, Puerto.Rico

Johnston Island

Clark AFB, PhiIippines

Bangkok, Thailand

Anderson AEB, GuamYap Island

Panama Canal Zone

Truk Island

Koror Island

. Chester, New Jersey

64:49%

64:30 N

63:58 N

61:lOW

55:12 N

51:16 N

48: 15 N

48:08W

46:39W

42:47W41:42 N

40:48W

40:47 N

40:40 N

38:44 N

37:30W

34:23W

34:04W

33:30W

32:45 N

32:22 N29:45 N

25:49 N

25:05 N

21:59W

19:32W

19:17 N

18326 N

16:45 N

15:llW

13 44 N

13335%9:3 1W

8:55 N

7:28W

7:21 N

147:52 W

165:30°W

22:36W

14959 W

162:43 W

80:89 W

16:22%

11:35%

14:20%

. 96:56 W88:OO W

74:40 W

81:50 W

74:OO W

27:04 W

127:00 E

132:27 E

118:27 W

86:55 W

12952%

64:3low95: 17 W

80: 17 W

121:31%

159:2 1 W

155:31 W

166:39 E

66:OO W

169:32 W

120:33%

100:30 E

144:55 E138:08 E

79;3 6 W

151:51 E

134:31%

143

7

56

27

31

10

203

1000

448

372192

268

367

56

112

50

23

125

183

61

822

4

50

35

3401

3

10

0

10

23

18518

10

2

31

Ion-Column Exchange

77

7Y

77

77

77

7)

7,

77

OpenPot

Open Bucket

Open Pot

Open Bucket

Ion-Exchange Column

Open Pot

77

Y7

77

77

Ion-Exchange ColumnY7

77

Open Pot

Ion-Exchange ColumnOpen Pot

Ion-Exchange ColumnY Y

77

77

Open Pot

Ion-Exchange Column77

7

77

77

- 12-



TABLE 1 (Cont'd)

SAMPLING LOCATIONSOF THEGFPFROM 1987 TO 1990

Elevation

Sampling Site Latitude Longitude (m) Samplingunit

Major0 Island

Ponape Island

Karawa, Zaire

Mbandaka, Zaire

Kikuyu, Kenya

Belem, Brazil

Guayaquil, Ecuador

Lima, Peru

Darwin, Australia

Tutuila, American SamoaChacaltaya, Bolivia

Harare, Zimbabwe

Suva, Fiji

Townsville, Australia

Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Antofagasta, Chile

Pretoria, South Afiica

Easter Island, Chile

Brisbane, Australia

Durban, South Afiica

Perth, AustraliaSantiago, Chile

Sydney, Australia

Buenos Aires, Argentina

Adelaide, Australia

Me1bourne, Australia

Wellington, New Zealand

Puerto Montt, Chile

Hobart, Australia

Punta Arenas, Chile

Antarticia, Chile

07:05%

0658%

03:14%

00:03%

01:13 S

01 27 S

02: 10 s

12:Ol S

12:28 S

14:16 S16:21 S

17:48 S

18:09 S

19:18 S

2254 s

23 :37 S

25:45 S

27: 10 s

27:28 S

2952 s

3 157 s33:27 S

3352 s

34:37 S

3456 s

37:49 S

41:17 S

41:26 S

42: 53 "S53:OO S

6256 s

171:23%

1 8: 13 E

020: 17 E

01 8:28 E

036:3 8%

048:29%

079:52 E

077:07 E

130:51 E

170:43 W068:08 W

03 103 E

178:25 W

146:48 E

043:13 W

070:25 W

028: 14 E

109:26 W

1 53 :02 W

030:59 E

1 15:51 E070:42 W

151 12 E

058:26 W

138:35%

144:58%

174:46 E

073:07 W

147:ZO E

07O:5O0W

060:36 W

3

38

750

350

2074

8

7

30

30

775222

1495

11

4

9

30

1369

41

42

156

64520

42

20

43

47

34

110

54

74

16

Ion- ExchangeColumnY

Y

YY

Open Pot

Ion-Exchange ColumnYY

YY

YY

Open BucketIon-Exchange Column

Open Pot

Ion-Exchange Column

Open Pot

Ion-Exchange Column

Open Pot

Ion-Exchange Column

Open Pot

Ion-Exchange Column

YY

YY

YY

YY

YY

YY

YY

>Y

YY

YY

Y Y

Y

- 1 3 -



TABLE 2

RESULTS OF QUALITY CONTROL BLANK SAMPLES SUsIvQTTED WITHSAMPLES COLLECTED FROM 1987TO 1990

(ml3q %Sr per Samplef Standard Deviation)

Laboratory A" . Laboratory Bb Laboratoryc Laboratory Dd

0.0 f 1.7 2.2k 6.0 0.Of 6.7 . 0.OA 1.7

0.0 .7.0 f 1.7 3.7 .0 1.7f 8.30.0 .3 7.8f 2.9 1.7 f16.7 0.0f 1.73.3 .7 5.0f 4.2 1.7 .7

0-Of 5.8 0.0 .7143.3 .70.0f 5.0 1.7f 1.73.3 .70.3f 4.2 0.0f 1.76.7 .7

11.73~ .7 0.0f 3.3 0.0f 1.70.0f 1.7 3.3f 2.5 1.7f 3.3

0 0f 1.7 6.7* 3.3 6.7 .30 0 .7 0.Of 9.2

1O.Of 3.3

8.3f 3.3

16.7f 2.50.Of 5.8

1.7f 1.70.Of 4.20.Of 7.50.0f10.80.Of 2.50.Of 1.7

5.0f 1.71.7f 5.8

0.Of 6.748.3 f10.83.3 1.73.3f 8.3

1.7f 3.3

1.7f 5.05.0f 1.71.7f 1.70.Of 5.8

25.0f 2.50.Of 0.8

0.0 .7 8.7f 2.8 16.7f 3.3 3.3 3.3

a Mean Blank Value= 12.5f 40.7bMeanBlankValue= 5.6f 3.1

Mean Blank Value = 4.9f 9.4Mean Blank Value = 1.3f 2.0

- 14-



TABLE 3

RESULTS OFQUALITYCONTROLREFERENCE SAMPLES SUBMETEDWITHSAMPLES COLLECTEDFROM 1987TO 1990

(mBq ?3r per Sample tandard Deviation)

Added Reported Recovered Added Reported Recovered

55.0

60.0

53.3

98.3

53.3 f 1.7

56.7f 5.0

43.3f 5.0

75.0 .7

Mean Recovery= 117 0

60.5

82.7

55.0 .0

78.3 .4

Mean Recovery = 92

bboratorv - C

41.7

75.0

46.7

68.351.720.0

83.3

33.3

70.0

60.0

61.7

23.3

120.0

61.7

51.790.0

25.0

45.0f 12.5

80 O f 5.0

45.0% 5 0

65.0f 6.761.7f 5.0

23.3f 5.0

88.3 8.3

36.7f 5.0

61.7f 4.2

63.3 8.3

76.7f 5.8

30.0f 4.2

131.7f 12.5

60.03~ .2

58.3 5.881.7f 3.3

2O.Of 4.2

95

95

81

76

91

95

108

107

90

91116

116

106

110

88

106

124

129

110

97

11391

80

106.7

108.3

80.0

85.7

58.5

25.0

46.7

60.0

78.335.0

53.3

75.0

23.3

70.0

43.3

21.7

66.7

25.0

28.3

41.751.7

55.0

88.3 f 1.7

161.7f 1.7

193.3f 1.7

76.5 .9

54.2 .7

23.3 5.0

45.0f 5.0

51.7f 2.5

78.3f 4.245.0f 5.0

63.3 5.8

73.3 0.0

45.0 2.5

76.7zk 5.0

50.0A 3.3

30.0f 3.3

56.7f 3.3

2O .Of 6.7

11.74~ 1.7

13.3 3.321.7f 1 7

23.3f 1.7

84

149

242

89

93

93

96

86

100129

119

98

197

110

115

138

85

80

41

3242

42

Mean Recovery = 100

- 1 5 -



TABLE3 (Cont’d.)

Added Reported Recovered Added Reported Recovered

70.0 60.0 3.3 86 30.0 31.7 .7 113

40.0 36.7f 3.3 92 43.3 40.0 .3 93

40.0 28.3 .3 73 58.3 60.0 .3 101

41.7 26.7f 3.3 63 76.7 71.7 .3 94

51.7 51.7f 6.7 100 120.0 126.7 .0 107

103.3 95.0 It10.0 91 45.0 35.0 .3 75

75.0 65.03~ .7 87

Mean Recovery = 90f 14

- 16-



TABLE 4

INDIVIDUAL AMPLING LOCATIONS FROM 1987 TO 1990

QUARTERLY 0 ~ rEPOSITION pq m-2) AND PRECIPITATION ( ~ m )DATAFOR

’4

. g3d

Quarter A n n U d

TotalYear First Second W i d Fourth

90SrDeposition . . . .

Precipitation . . . .

90SrDeposition , . . .

Precipitation . . . . .

1988

1989


Precipitation . . . . . .987

90SrDeposition , . . .Precipitation . . .90SrDeposition . . . .Precipitation . . . . . .90SrDeposition . . . .

Precipitation . . . . . .


Precipitation . . . .

90SrDeposition . . . .Precipitation . . . . . .

90SrDeposition . . , .Precipitation . . . . . .90SrDeposition , , . .Precipitation . . . . . .



90SrDeposition . . , .


11990

1987

1988

1989

1990

1987

1988

1989(d

1990

0.0

5.5

0.0

1.5

0.1

4.1

0.0

3.4

e0.1

5.0

0.3 e

6.9

0.2

8.5

0.15.4

0.6

39.3

0.1

29.3

f

f

C

f

0.0 g

34.5

0.0

26.2

f0.0

3.3

0.1

10.1

0.0

9.1

0.0

5.6

e

f

f

e0.1

2.7

0.0

6.7

0.0

10.3

0.0 .

f

10.8

f0.0

18.8

0.0

25.5

0.0

31.3

0.0

22.3

0.0 e

7.2

0.3

9.4

0.0

6.1

0.1

25.9

d

h

f

0.0

13.6

0.1

14.5

0.2

25.9

f

0.2 e27.0

e0.3

14.0

0.0

12.6

0 0 g

29.8

0.0

32.2

0.2 e

3.9

0.0

5.2

0.0

7.5

0.1

12.1

f

f

e

0 0

9.4

0.0

5.3

0.1

8.0

0.113.2

f

e

0.2 e

37.1

0.1

41.1

0.0

25.6

0.1

41.7

f

e

0.2

19.9

0.4

26.2

0.1

26.8

0.2

47.1

0.2

30.7

0.4

33.4

0.5

52.6

0.356.3

1.1

109.2

0.1

108.5

0.0

121.2

0.1

122.3

Notes: - ndicatesthat no data is availableItalized numbers indicate the data s estimatedthrough extrapolationorappro-onRelative errorsof 90Sranalyses are givenas: a = 0 to 1 , b = >1 to 5 , c= >5 to 10%,d = >10 to 20 ,e = >20 to SO , f = >50 to loo , g =>loo , h = can not be determinedsince reported value is zero.

- 17-



TABLE 4 (Cont'd)

cd

Bi

25

U6a3e

Quarter Annual

TotalYear First Second Third Fourth

f0.2

Precipitation . . . . . . . 5.8 4.5 10.7 14.2 35.2

0.1 0.0 0.3.00SrDeposition . . . , 0.3

Precipitation . . . . . . 3.4 4.3 14.4 14.2 36.3

0.2 0.0 0.2

70.5

90SrDeposition . . . . 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.1

f:li:90SrDeposition , . . . - 0 f

Precipitation . . . . . . 1.7 10.8 42.1 15,91989

90SrDeposition . . . . 0.0 0.0 - - 0.0

Precipitation . . . . . . . 8.5 6.5 15.9 29.7 60.5 .

0.3.00SrDeposition . . . . 0.0

Precipitation . . . . . . . 24.1 22.3 25.5 26.8 98.7

0.1 0.0 0.3.00SrDeposition . . . , 0.2

Precipitation . . . . . . . 19.7 15.8 20.5 34.6 90.4

90SrDeposition . . . . 0.1 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.3

Precipitation . , . . . . 15.9 17.5 31.4 27.4 92.3

0.1

1990

e0.0 e 0.3

1987

e

1988

f0.090SrDeposition . . . . 0.0 0.0 0.1

Precipitation . . . . . . . 20.3 14.7 29.5 31.1 95.51990

0.5o~r~eposi t ion . . . . 0.0

Precipitation . . . . . . . 10.8 18.7 29.8 19.9 79.2

0.30SrDeposition . . . . 0.0

Precipitation . . . . 7-5 7.4 23.8 19.5 58.2

f0.10.20.2

1988

e - e0.0 0.2 0.1

,1989

f e e0.0 0.2 0.2 0.40SrDeposition . . . , 0.0

Precipitation . . . . . 5-5 14.6 35.4 14.5 70.0

g.T 987

0.2

Precipitation . . . . . . . 10.1 25.1 25.5 15.3 76.0

e0.190SrDeposition . . . . 0.0 0.0 0.11 1990

- 18 -



TABLE 4 Cont'd)

Quarter Annual


- d90SrDeposition . . . , 0.2

Precipitation . . . . . . . 20.71987

e90SrDeposition . . . . 0.2

Precipitation . . . . . . 15.6

90SrDeposition . . . . 0.1


1988

1989


Precipitation . . . . . . . 10.9

1990

d90SrDeposition . . . . 0.2

Precipitation . . . . . . 19.41987


Precipitation , . . . . . . 24.2

90SrDeposition . . , . 0.0


90SrDeposition . . . . 0.0Precipitation . . I . . . 14.6



90SrDeposition . , . . 0.2 e


90SrDeposition . . . . 0.1m 1989

Precipitation . . . . . . 8.0M

90SrDeposition . . . . 0.0i Precipitation . . . . . . 38.1

1988

h1'a 1989

f

1990

d

1987

1988

f

-

1990

f0.0

24.4

0.0

10.4

0.1

26.9

0.1

19.9

e

e

e

e0.1

29.3

0.2

23.3

0.1

26.9

0.0

31.5

e

f

0.0

23.5

0.1 e

21.3

0.1

15.8

0.1

27.2

e

e

f0.3

18.8

0.2

21.4

0.1

24.8

0.1

13.4

d

e

e

e0.2

34.4

0.0

27.8

0.4

29.9

0.127.1

f

e

e

0.0

26.5

0.0 f

36.7

0.1

101.7.

0.1

20.8

e

e0.3

12.1

0.1

13.0

0.5

5.6

0.1

12.8

f

e

f0.1

14.5

0.1

16.4

0.0

19.6

0.122.7

0.1

24.9

0.2 e

7.3

0.0

10.5

0.2

31.3

f

0.8

76.0

0.5

60.3

0.9

63.9

0.3

57.0

0.7

97.6

0.4

91.7

0.5

86.5

0.295.9

0.2

91.6

0.4

77.6

0.3

136.0

0.4

117.4

- 19



TABLE 4 (Cont'd)

Quarter Annual


f0.4.00SrDeposition . . . . 0.3

Precipitation . . . . . . . 4.1 14.7 24.9 4.3 48.0


17.3 21.9 3.7 48.9recipitation . . . . 6.1


Precipitation . . . 3.0


Precipitation . 5.5

0.10.01987

f0.10.0 e 0.1

1988

h

l0.0 0.2 0.0.3 38.6

23.41989

10.9

0.0

I0.1.0 0.0

28.7 20.6 6.0 60.7

f

1990


Precipitation . . . . . . . 10.7 17.1 56.5 20.5 104.8

f0.20.0T 987


Precipitation . . . . . . . 13.6 11.0 25.0 39.8 89.4


Precipitation . . . . . . 8.3 8.6 43.4 15.5 75.8


Precipitation . . . . . . . 18.6 33.4 26.9 29.5 108.4

f0.00.0

h0.0 0.0 0.0

1989

f0.1 0.01990

0.40SrDeposition , . . . 0.0

Precipitation . . . . . . . 25.0 23.4 46.8 25.6 120.8

f0.0 0.00.4T 987


Precipitation . . . . . . . 22.6 23.7 41.9 26.1 114.2

90SrDeposition . . . . 0.1 0.1 0.0 e 0.3.1

Precipitation . . 15.7 57.9 55.6 16.9 146.1

0.2

Precipitation . . . . . . . 23.2 44.7 39.2 39.3 146.4

f0.1 0.1

f

egOSrDeposition . . . . 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1

1990

- 2 0 -



TABLE 4 (Cont'd)

0

20

er

8

2

Quarter Annual

TotalYea r First Second Third Fourth

d90SrDeposition . , , . 0.4

Precipitation . . . . 14.9

90SrDeposition . . . , 0.1

1988

Precipitation . . . . . . 17.81989

f90SrDeposition . . . . 0.0

Precipitation . . . . . . 9.51 1987



11990


Precipitation . . . . . 27-1

I 90SrDeposition . . . . 0.1

Precipitation . . . . . . 21.31988

g90SrDeposition . . . . 0.0

Precipitation . . . . . . 15.51989

90SrDeposition . . . . -Precipitation . . . . . . 28.71

1990

e90SrDeposition . , . . 0.1

Precipitation . . . . . . 68.9987





gOSrDeposition . . . . 0.1


1989

f

1990

d0.5

26.2

0.0

11.8

0.1

35.0

0.1

28.0

f

f

f

0.0

31.2

0.1

20.9

f

-

59.2

0.142.5

e

0.0

27.5

0.0

19.9

0.0

27.7

0.0

21.7

d0.2

20.0

0.1

32.3

0.0

17.2

0.0

43.5

e

h

0.0

31.6

0.3

30.3

d

-

52.0

0.146.0

e

f0.0

26.1

0.0

7.1

0.0

10.8

0.0

18.5

h

d0.5

8.6

0.1

16.8

0.1

68.6

* h0.0

36.9

f

e

0.0

22.3

0.1

29.3

f

-

28.2

0.137.5

e

0.1

36.4

0.0

49.4

0.0

52.9

0.2

37.7

f

e

1.3

64.3

0.5

75.8

0.2

138.6

0.1

124.8

0.0

112.2

0.6

101.8

0.0

154.9

0.4154.7

0.2

158.9

0.0

98.6

0.0

110.7

0.3

106.1



$

2

*..l



90SrDeposition . . . , -

1988

Precipitation . . . . . . 26.6989

TABLE 4 Cont'd)

Quarter Annual

Total

Year First Second Third Fourth

0.0 0.0 0.1 0.10SrDeposition . . . , 0.0

Precipitation . . . . . . . 10.5 27.6 115.7 21.2 175.0

f

f 987

0.4

121.3

-

26.0

-

52.8

0.0

41.6

0.0

112.8

h

-28.8

0.1

19.1

0.1

48.9

f

0.0

36.0

0.1

123.3


Precipitation . . . . . . 18-2

11990

e0.1

47.7

0.2

227.6

f90SrDeposition . . , . 0.0

Precipitation . . . . . . . 26.3987


Precipitation . . . . . . . 28.3988



c

l-.-n 1989

e0.1

52.0

0.0

54.4

e0.2

85.3

0.1

3 8.2

0.1

70.9

0.151.6

f

f

f

0.0

23.8

0.3

8.3

e

0.3

187.4

0.4

129.2

0.0

15.6

0.066.2

f

0.0

45.4

0.137.1

e

0.2

163.8

90SrDeposition . . . . 0.0Precipitation . . . . . 40.2


' 1 ' 7 988 90SrDeposition . . . . 0.2

Precipitation . . . . . 8.8


a Precipitation . . . . . 10.0

11990

e


e

rn0-

1989

Y

0.2195.1

f0.0

0.4

0.0

7.4

0.1

0.1

f

e0.0

0.3

0.0

0.1

0.0

20.1

0.0

15.2

f

0.0

31.3

0.2

31.5

0.0

0.6

e0.1

2.7

0.3

13.4

f0.1

5.3

f90SrDeposition , . . . 0.1

Precipitation . . . . . . . 16.7- i 1990

e0.1

0.1

0.0

4.1

0.2

26.2

- 2 2 -



TABLE 4 (Cont'd)

m3

Quarter Annual



Precipitation . . . . . . 46.91988


Precipitation . . . . . . 41.81987


Precipitation . . . . . . . 23.51988

e90SrDeposition . . . , 0.1

Precipitation . . . . . . 39.11989


Precipitation . . . . . . . 50.61990




Precipitation . . . . . . . 23 €

3 90SrDeposition . . . . 0.0% 1989z Precipitation . . . . . . 39.2





1987

1988

f

1990

f

g87




1989

Precipitation . . . . . . -990

e0.0

27.9

0.0

15.6

0.0

52.7

0.0

22.2

e

f0.0

59.8

0.0

69.0

0.0

48.6

0.1

74.0

e

f

0.0

22.7

0.0

36.5

0.0

25.4

0.0

f

U

-

h0.0

17.8

0.3

32.4

0.0

40.2

0.0

14.7

d

f

0.0

121.0

0.0

48.7

0.0

98.8

0.0

44.2

0.0

49.1

0.1

29.1

0.0

6.8

0.0

e

h

-

f0.2

17.5

0.0

32.2

0.1

24.9

0.0

31.7

0.1

13.7

0.1

10.1

0.0

38.0

0.1

21.7

f

e

0.0

20A0.1

30.3

f

-

-

e0.1

-

0.2

105.0

0.5

103.6

0.2

156.9

0.1

119.3

0.1

226.8

0.1

151.4

0.0

224.6

0.2

184.0

0.0

147.4

0.1

142.9

0.0

52.6

0.1

0.0

-23 -



TABLE 4 (Cont'd)

Quarter Annual



precipitation . . . . . . 20.7987

d90SrDeposition , . . . 0.2

Precipitation . . . . . . . 18.9988

90SrDeposition , , . , 0.1

Precipitation . . . . . . 25.6989


Precipitation . . . . . . 31.41990

d90SrDeposition . . . , 0.1



Precipitation . 7.3


Precipitation . . 5-8


1987

f

1988

e

1989

f

precipitation . . . . . . . 9.4990

-


Precipitation . . . . . . . 17.4T 987


Precipitation . . . . . . 45.2988._

egOSrDeposition . . . . 0.2

Precipitation . 20.0


1989

d

precipitation . . . . . . . 47.51990

d0.1

38.6

0.1

11.6

0.0

80.4

0.0

26.0

f

f

f

e0.0

27.6

0.0

42.1

0.1

35.5

0.0

54.8

f

-

-

0.2 e

87.4

0.0

54.6

0.0

64.4

d0.0

24.8

0.1

20.2

0.0

32.5

0.0

22.0

e

h

0.0

22.2

0.1

55.6

0.0

58.2

0.0

48.0

f0.1

-f

0.1

117.6

0.0

125.7

-

90.0

d0.2

17.9

0.1

7.5

0.0

16.5

0.0

21.8

f

e

h

0.0

34.4

0.1

6.0

0.2

13.7

0.1

19.1

e

e

f0.2

48.7

0.2

28.2

0.0

27.0

0.1

11.6

f

f

e

0.3

102.0

0.4

58.3

0.1

155.0

0.0

101.2

0.1

102.8

0.3

111.0

0.4

113.1

0.2

131.3

0.0

66.1

0.4

278.3

0.2

227.2

0.4

213.4

- 2 4 -



TABLE 4 (Cont'd)

a

3-rn

4

Quarter A n n U a l


Precipitation . . . . . . 5.11988

90SrDeposition . . . . -

Precipitation . . . . . . 6.71989



Precipitation . . . . . . . 16.91987

90SrDeposition , . . . 0.1





1989


990


Precipitation . . a . 3.7

90SrDeposition . . . . 0.2f

Precipitation . . . . . . . 12.5988



90SrDeposition . ., .

0.0Precipitation . . . . . . . 54.5

1989

1990


Precipitation . . . . . . . 4.6f 9 8 7

90SrDeposition . . . . 0.0 g

Precipitation . . . . . 28.21 1990

e0.1

17.8

0.0

15.1

0.0

11.5

0.0

14.5

C

e0.0

9.1

0.0

5.7

0.0

25.5

0.0

0.3

e

f

0.0

11.8

0.0

14.3

-

17.5

0.0

21.4

f

0.0

21.2

0.0

16.1.

0.0

27.6

0.0

12.2

0.0

10.6

0.0

6.4

0.1

13.9

0.17.5

f

e

0.2 e

21.5

0.1

20.0

f

-

13.6

0.1

37.4

e

0.0

55.3

0 0

43.0

0.1

35.6

0.0

36.6

f

f

e

0.0

38.6

0.0

17.0

0.0

9.9

0.0

44.9

f

0.2 e

0.2 e

26.0

17.3

0.0

4.4

0 0 g

30.9

0.1

111.2

0.1

109.4

0.3

125.5

0.1

100.0

0.0

62.0

0.2

41.5

0.1

67.6

0.1107.2

0.4

63.9

0.2

56.7

0.0

42.1

0. I

117.8



TABLE 4 (Cont'd)

Quarter Annual

Total

Year First Second Third Fourth-

carn

0.0 0.0 0.1.10SrDeposition . . . . 0.1

Precipitation . . . . . . . 2 1.7 73.4 18.7 45.4 159.2

e

1987


Precipitation . . . . . . . 20.0988




1989

Precipitation . . . . . . 27.2990


Precipitation . . . . . . 5-6


1987

e

Precipitation . . . . . . . 15.61988



90SrDeposition . . . . 0.0Precipitation . . . . 9.7




1= 1989

c

1990

e

1987

Precipitation . . . . . . . 9.6988





19892a-

g

1990

0.0

45.4

e0.0

40.8

0.1

19.8

f

0.0 ~

9.9

0.0

9.3

0.0

23.5

0.06.6

h

0.0

39.2

0.0

56.7

0.0

89.6

0.1

69.8

f

0.1

52.8

0.1

77.7

0.1

29.0

e

0.0

9.7

0.0

23.8

a0.0

19.0

0.114.7

f

e0.2

84.9

0.0

63.0

0.1

86.9

0.1

136.9

f

e

0.1

35.2

-- --29.9

0.1

47.7

f

0.1

33.0

0.1

33.O

0.0

54.4

0.023.9

f0.0

24.0

0.1 g

51.4

0.0

29.5

0.1

22.9

f

e

0.1

153.4

0.1

174.4

0.4

123.8

0.1

58.2

0.2

81.7

0.1

115.5

0. I54.9

0.2

148.2

0.1

180.6

0.1

212.8

0.3

231.2

-26-



TABLE 4 (Cont'd)

Quarter Annual



Precipitation . . . . . . 7.41987

90SrDeposition . , , . 0.0

Precipitation . . . . . 9-91988

f90SrDeposition . . , , 0.1

Precipitation . . . . . . 11.21989


Precipitation . . . . . . . 0 4

1990

-e


Precipitation 29-1

gOSrDeposition . . . . 0.2e

precipitation . . . . . . . 24.9

gOSrDeposition , . . . 0.0


90SrDeposition. .

..

0.0Precipitation . . . . . 47-8




Precipitation . . 25-6

1990

f

1987

gSg

1988



90~r~eposit ion . . . , 0.0 g


f0.1

48.6

0.0

64.0

0.1

38.2

0.1

29.6

f

f

e

e0.0

8.9

0.1

32.5

0.0

53.5

0.030.7

f0.1

50.3

0.0

55.0

0.2

40.2

0.0

105.0

e

f

e0.1

51.4

0.0

98.0

e0.1

76.7

e0.1

59.1

e0.0

80.8

0.0 l2

86.3

0.8 l2

103.7

0.1102.6

e

0.1

113.8

0.2

85.7

e

e0.8

127.4

0.0

125.9

0.2 e

32.3

0.1

40.6

e

f0.0

31.3

0.1

42.4

e

f0.2

70.8

0.1

57.4

0.0

66.5

e

0.179.4

f0.1

40.0

0.2

101.8

f

f0.0

74.4

0.1

48.8

e

0.4

139.7

0.1

212.6

0.3

157.4

0.4

131.4

0.2

189.6

0.3

201.1

0.8

254.5

0.2260.5

0.2

236.7

0.4

268.1

0.9

312.9

0.1

309.5

-27-



0

83se

ue

%PC

90SrDeposition . . . .Precipitation . . . . . . .


1988

1989

TABLE 4 (Cont'd)

Quarter Annual



Precipitation . . . . . . 9.5T 9870.0 0.0

61.0 70.6

0.1

47.7 86.8

0.0 0.0

24.3 38.1

f0.2

0.0

47.2

0.1

50.3 191.4

f0.1

0.0

2.1

0.0

9.7

.o.o

66.3

0.3

202.9

0.0

38.6

0.0

110.8



0.0

2.3

e0.1

57.1

e0.1

58.9

0.2

165.4


Precipitation . . . . . . . 45.2'-f- 987

f0.2

81.4

0.0

99.2

0.1

71.4

f

0.0

90.8

0.0

78.0

0.2

3 16.6


Precipitation . . . . . . . 33.11988


Precipitation . . . . . . 67.01989

90SrDeposition .. .

. 0.0Precipitation . . . . . . 62.9

1990

0.1

106.2

0.4

288.7

f0.0

76.1

e0.1

116.7

0.089.9

a0.0

97.8

0.182.4

e

0.1

357.5

h

0.063.4

0.1298.6


precipitation . . . . . . . 52.81987

-.0.0

100.6

0.0

107.6

0.0

170.3

0.0

105.7

f0.1

90.2

0.1

92.2

0.1

413.9


precipitation . . . . . . . 54.11988

90Sr Deposition

Precipitation1989

0.2

359.6

. . . . o . o g

. . . . . . 93.9

e0.1

69.5

0.0

116.4

f

e0.0

115.1

0.0

72.4

0.1

86.2

e

0.1

350.9

0.0 g

107.7


Precipitation . . . . . . . 52.5999

0.1

362.7

- 2 8 -



TABLE 4 (Cont'd)

og

4.dd

Quarter Annual


90SrDeposition . . . .Precipitation . . . . . . .

988


Precipitation 54.51987 . . . . . . .

90SrDeposition f. . . . 0.1

Precipitation 58.41988

. . . . . . .


Precipitation 52.9


1989. . . . . .


. . . . . . .90SrDeposition . , . ,

Precipitation . . . . . . .


Precipitation


Precipitation


Precipitation . . . . . . .

1987

1988. . . . . . .

1989. . . . . .

1990

90SrDeposition . . . .Precipitation

T 1987. . . . . . .




1989

1990

0.0 e

124.4

0.0

59.2

0.0

157.3

0.0

93.3

f

--

--

-

-

--

e0.0

66.3

0.0

55.6

0.1

72.8

0.0

84.8

0.0

145.7

0.1

129.1

0.1

150.5

0.1

138.6

d

--

-

-

-

-

-

-

e0.2

103.2

0.0

98.5

0.1

109.6

f

-78.9

0.1

137.9

0.0

93.2

0.0

139.3

0.1

140.8

f

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

0.0

86.8

0.1

98.3

0.0

109.2

- f0.1

81.8

0.2

129.9

0.1

136.7

0.0

160.5

0.0

117.8

f

h

-

-

-

-

e0.2

22.2

--

0.2

3 10.8

0.2

310.8

0.3

344.5

0.1

300.3

0.3

537.9

0.1

418.2

0.1

607.6

0.2

490.6

--

--

0.2

22.2

--



.36

%

H

-0

5

90SrDeposition . . . ,



Precipitation - . . . .

1988

1989

-'=m


precipitation . . . . . . 1 15.31988

E

f

0c

e90SrDeposition . . . 0.1

Precipitation . . . . . . 124.41989

TABLE 4 (Cont'd)

Quarter Annual

Total


90SrDeposition . . , , - - - - -T 987 Precipitation . . . . - - - - -

h0.0

11.6

d0.2

20.5

f0.0

27.0

0.0

74.1

0.2

133.3

90SrDeposition .. . . .


d0.5

42.5

0.0

79.7

0.0

47.2

0.0

5.2

0.0

8.7

f

0.0

21.2

0.2

18.9

e

gOSrDeposition. . . . . 0.0


90SrDeposition . , . . 0.0




1987

e

1988

fa

1989

0.5

80.5

0.2

134.9

0.0

14.9

0.0

113.6

-22.8

h0.0

24.390SrDeposition . .

, , 0.0Precipitation . . . . . . 33.5

1990 0.049.9

0.14.8

0.1

112.4

f0.0

41.5

0.1

63.1

0.0

60.9

0.6

53.6

d


Precipitation . . . . . . 128.2T 987

e0.1

65.1

0.2

93.5

d

1.4 e

30.0

0.3

86.7

e

1.7

264.8

0.6

358.5

0.0 g

128.4

0.1

82.0

f

d0.5

64.1

0.6

377.8


Precipitation . . . . . . . 85.11 1990

e0.1

43.3

0.9

264.0

- 3 0 -



TABLE 4 (Cont'd)

Quarter Annual



Precipitation . . . . . . . 160.81987

0.0

44.5

0.2 e

28.8

0.1

0.3

0.0

33.1

0.1

0.7

0.0

0.0

f

f

f0.0

6.1

0.2

4.6

e

0.1

211.7


precipitation , . . . . . . 51.11988

0.6

117.5


Precipitation . . . . . . 127.81989

0.0

12.0

0.0

11.1

0.0

0.2

0.1

140.6



11990

0.1

1.7

1.3

60.7

T 90SrDeposition . . . . 0.0

Precipitation . . . . . . 0.01987

f0.1

0.5

0.1

0.9

7.4

0.7

0.0

0.6

e

f

0.0 e

0.1

0.1

0.0

0.0

0.1

f

0.0 g

0.4

e0.0

0.1

0.2

0.2

e

0.2

0.7

0.3

1.3


Precipitation . . . . . . . 0.21988


Precipitation . . . . . . 0.11989

0.0

0.3

7.4

1.1


Precipitation . . . . . . . 0.011990

0.0

0.2

0.1

1.2

90SrDeposition . , . . 1.3 b

precipitation , . . . . , . 109.91987

b1.3

a6.2.3

2.2 45.2

0.1 -

11.2 80.9

0.0 1o

0.0 26.1

0.1.4

0.0 45.4

d

e

C

d

9.1

180.22.9

b0.790SrDeposition . . , . 1.2


90SrDeposition . . . . -1989

n Precipitation . . . . . . 99.3



b

1990

2.0

200.63.0

1.0

144.5

-

19.0

d0.5 2.7

135.21.5

- 3 1 -



TABLE 4 (Cont'd)

Quarter Annual

Total

Year , . First Second Third Fourthe


Precipitation . . . . . . . 84.9* 1987


precipitation . . . . . . 60.41988




Precipitation . . . . . . . 50.31990

e90SrDeposition . . , . 0.0

precipitation . . . . . . . 27.91987


-988

. Precipitation . . . . . .




precipitation . . . . . . . 1.71990




1987

e

precipitation . . . . . . . 59.81988


Precipitation . . . . . . 49.31989


precipitation . . . . . . 27.31990

0.0

48.4

0.0

49.6

0.0

56.4

0.0

57.8

f

-2.6

0.0f

-

f0.0

102.8

0.069.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

5.7

0.1

0.9

0.0

6.9

e

e0.0

12.5

0.1

45.4

0.0

21.2

0. I

28.7

e

e

-3.9

0.1

-

f0.2

34.5

0.042.0

0.0

0.2

0.1

0.1

0.0

0.8

0.1

0.0

e

e

0.0 e

40.9

0.1

119.9

0.1

101.8

0.1

69.7

f

e

e

f0.0

19.3

--

0.0

15.0

0.0

0.6

h

e0.2

39.3

0.1

26.4

0.0

20.0

0.0

23.4

f

0.0

186.7

0.6

275.3

0.3

284.2

0.2

206.4

0.0

53.7

0.I

-

0.2

153.2

0.0113.4

0.2

71.1

0.3

92.1

0.1

71.0

0.1

57.6

-32-



TABLE 4 (Cont'd)

.:=,c4

m

Quarter Annual





Precipitation . . . . . . 99.6T 987

>a* 90SrDeposition , . . . 0.0


3

.1al

5--2.d


Precipitation . . . . . . . 108.0

1990


Precipitation . . . . . . 65.5988


Precipitation . . . . . . 30.01989


precipitation . . . . . . . 34.9.-

e90SrDeposition , . . . 0.1

precipitation . . . . . . . 47.9y 1988Uf 1987

-Ie


Precipitation . . . . . . 68.81989

e

90SrDeposition . . . . 0.0Precipitation . . . . . . 79.31

1990

90SrDeposition . . . . 0.0If 987 Precipitation . . . . . . . 28.2

90SrDeposition . . , . -Precipitation . . . . . . 16.51 1990

0.1

34.9

0.2

28.1

0.0

88.0

f

f

-

53.9

h0.0

3.5

0.1

8.2

f

-34.6

0.048.1

f

e0.2

50.0

0.2

44.6

0.0

8.7

0.0

36.0

e

0.0

10.2

0.0

11.3

0.0

26.9

-

64.3

d0.2

1.8

0.1

4.8

2.1

4.0

0.11.3

C

b

e

f0.1

16.1

0.1

29.7

0.0

16.6

0.0

24.6

f0.1

47.5

0.2

36.9

e

-

43.9

0.0

67.8

e0.1

11.9

-28.6

0.1

16.4

0.238.0

e

e

0.0

28.0

0.0

186.7

0.0

18.7

e

-

31.7

0.1

192.2

0.4

143.5

0.0

231.5

0.0

294.0

0.4

52.1

0.2

89.5

2.3

123.8

0.3166.8

0.2

122.3

0.3

326.5

0.0

74.0

0.0

108.7



TABLE 4 (Cont'd)

..

0

zs1

Quarter Annual

Total



Precipitation . . . . . . . 24.41988



90SrDeposition , . . . . 0.1

1987

f

Precipitation . . . . . . . 0.0988

90SrDeposition . . , , 0.0




I989

1990

zm

%I

en4


Precipitation . . . . 38.5f 987

90SrDeposit'ion , . . . 0.0 g

Precipitation . . . . . . 19.61989

0-CJ

a

s

L.

2

w

--)

f90SrDeposition , . . . 0.1

Precipitation . . . . . . 32.01988


Precipitation . . . . . . 28.71989


Precipitation .. . . . . 8.51 1990

e90Sr.Deposition , . . . 0.0

Precipitation . . . . . . 13.8t 1987


Precipitation . . . . . . 32.81 1990

d0.3

0.0

0.5

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

4.7

0.0

1.1

0.0

13.0

0.0

0.5

e

f

f

0.0 e

41.2

0.1

20.7

0.0

42.5

0.0

43.8

f

0.0

0.8

0.1

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

e

h

0.0

3.4

0.1

3.4

0.0

0.6

0.2

0.8

e

f

d

f0.1

19.3

0.0

24.9

0.2

24.7

0.0

34.7

e

f

e0.2

0.0

0.2

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.1

0.0

e

e

e0.1

24.3

0.0

20.8

0.0

3.0

0.1

8.2

f

e

0.1

5.7

0.0

12.8

0.0

25.9

0.1

11.0

h

e

0.5

0.8

0.8

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.1

0.0

0.3

70.9

0.6

49.6

0.0

36.2

0.2

18.0

0.2

80.0

0.2

90.3

0.2

121.7

0.1

122.3

- 34 -



TABLE 4 Cont'd)

c-

Eal

Quarter Annual

Fourth TotalYear First Second Third

-

90SrDeposition . . . . -1989


C90SrDeposition . . . . 0.6


b90SrDeposition , . . . 0.3

Precipitation . . . . . . . 31.91988

90SrDeposition , . , . -1989




e

1990

t







'd 1989

%n

90SrDeposition, , .

.0.0

Precipitation , . . . . 19.611990

h90SrDeposition . , . . 0.0




1987f , 1988

f

f90SrDeposition . . . . 0:O

Precipitation . . . . . . . 11.O1 1990

C1o

22.7

0.2

55.6

b

-74.1

0.1

54.9

e

0.0

10.1

0.0

13.3

0.0

21.6

0.012.8

h0.0

39.5

0.1

44.2

d

-

25.0

0.1

29.0

e

C0.8

14.6

0. I

28.8

0.1

10.6

0.1

4.7

d

e

C

0.0

16.0

0.0

13.0

0.0

11.4

0.04.9

0.1

30.2

0.1

40.7

f

f

f

d

0.0 g

33.1

0.0

29.5

h

b0.5

33.9

-

27.3

0.1

14.0

0.1

17.9

f

e

0.1

33.5

0.1

25.8

0.0

15.2

0.113.1

e

b1.8

7.2

-

6.1

0.0

1.6

0.0

9.1

h

2.9

107.4

0.6

143.6

0.2

124.7

0.3

134.9

0.1

84.4

0.1

101.0

0.0

63.4

0.150.4

I .8

77.7

0.2

93.1

0.0

64.8

0.1

78.6



TABLE 4 (Cont'd)

E.E

zd

2

g

5

I

Quarter Annual

Total



Precipitation . . . . . . . 66.7988


Precipitation ... . 23.4

1989


Precipitation . . . . . . . -

Precipitation I . -

1987

e90SrDeposition , , . . 0.1

1988


Precipitation -

e90SrDeposition , . . . 0.3

Precipitation . . . . . 0.01990-

hgOSrDeposition . . . . 0.0

Precipitation . . . . . . . 18.8987




'{Precipitation . . . . . 31.9

3 1989EA


Precipitation . . . . . . . 76.81 1990




Precipitation . . . . . . . 64.91 1990

f0.0

10.3

0.2f

-

0.0

14.7

0.0

0.0

h0.0

24.5

0.2

66.4

d

-69.0

0.0

48.0

h

0.0

10.4

0.0

2.3

0.0

27.7

0.6

29.8

--

f0.0

-

f0.2

-

e0.1

3.8

f0.I

27.9

0.1

28.5

0.0

6.4

0.0

38.3

e

h

e0.1

21.9

0.1

6.0

0.0

9.3

0.1

11.5

f

e

--

e0.5

-

f0.0

-

e0.2

1.6

d0.2

37.9

-

27.8

0.0

14.9

0.0

8.8

f

f0.0

33.0

0.1

13.9

0.1

15.7

0.2

50.8

e

e

0.0

10.3

0.8

-

0.2

14.7

0.6

5.4

0.3

109.1

0.3

165.0

0.0

122.2

0.0

171.9

0.1

111.4

0.9

88.9

0.2

76.1

2.3

157.0

- 3 6 -



TABLE 4 (Cont'd)

Quarter Annual


d90SrDeposition . , . . 0.1

Precipitation . a a 6-21987


gOSrDeposition . , . . -






precipitation 5.81988

. . . . . . .Ir

1989Precipitation 0.6

e

Precipitation 2.0

1990

. . . . . .

precipitation 14.4987 . . . . . . .

C


. . . . . .

Precipitation . . . 19-11989

f


egOSrDeposition . , . . 1.2

Precipitation 22.7

gOSrDeposition . . , . 0.0

Precipitation 22.8



1987. . . . . .

1988. . . . . .

1989



. . . . . .

- 3 7 -

h0.0

21.6

0.2

17.4

d

18.3

f0.1

9.8

d0.3

15.3

0.0

12.1

e

-

23.2

0.0 e16.5

0.0

33.5

0.1

15.2

f

0.0

41.4

0.0

52.8

e0.1

15.1

0.1

14.0

e

0.1

15.5

0.0

19.1

h

e0.1

11.7

0.0

16.6

0.4

13.8

0.018.1

d

d

h

0.0

18.6

0.1

30.7

0.0

25.1

0.0

36.9

e

e0.1

8.1

-

8.1

0.0

3.0

0.1

7.4

f

e

C0.3

19.7

-

29.2

0.0

5.6

0.117.1

e

e0.1

30.1

0.1

3.7

0.0

28.1

0.0

24.3

0.3

51.0

0.3

45.2

0.1

37.4

0.2

38.3

0.6

61.1

0.3

70.8

0.4

61.6

0.263.0

1.3

104.9

0.3

72.4

0.0

109.8

0.0

166.3



Q&

0

?i5gSa


Precipitation . . . . . . . 20.41988


Precipitation I . . . . . 27.31989

-z

mi

a

mG

EI

Deposition

Precipitation

90SrDeposition

Precipitation

1988

1989

TABLE 4 (Cont'd)

Quarter Annual

Total

0.0 0.2 0.0 0.20SrDeposition . . . . 0.0

Precipitation . . . . . . . 20.0 43.1 53.4 26.1 . 142.6

Year First Second Third Fourthf e

f 987

0.0

40.6

0.0

31.9

0.1

67.3

f

0.0

37.3

0.2

55.0

0.2

49.5

f

e

0.2

29.3

0.2

35.1

0.1

32.0

d

e

0.2

127.5

0.5

149.2

0.4

170.8

9 0 ~ reposition

Precipitation



11990

-h

1987

f. . . . 0.0

. . . . . . 22.0

h0.0

11.8

0.2

15.8

d

e0.1

11.0

0.7

20.9

0.0

12.7

d

C0.2

14.5

0.3

48.1

cd.-E.cI

4

b90SrDeposition . . . . 0.5

Precipitation . . . . . . . 71.41988

1.4

129.2

-

21.2

90SrDeposition

Precipitation1989

0.0

5.0

0.113.1

f

0.0

40.3

. . . . -

. , . , . . 12.3

-10.3

h

0.09.2

h

0.023.8

90SrDeposition . . ..

0.0Precipitation . . . . . . . 1 1 . 1

1990

90SrDeposition . . . ,f gS7 Precipitation . . . . . . .

0.157.2

0.0

8.8 .

f0.0

10.4

0.1

10.1

f

0.1

13.5

0.1

4.1

e

e0.2

7.0

0.1

10.1

0.3

39.7

0.3

30.7

. . . . o . o g

. . . . o . o g

. . . , . . 6.4

. . . . , . 11.0

0.0

11.0

0.0

16.4

1.6

6.9

0.1

17.3

e

0.0 1.6

11.6 40.5

0.2

14.5 , 58.9

e0.1eposition

Precipitation1 1990. . . . o . o g

. . . . . . 10.7

- 3 8 -



TABLE 4 (Cont'd)

Quarter Annual


f0.0 e 0.2 0.1 0.40SrDeposition . . . . 0.1

Precipitation . . . . . . . 17.4 13.8 3.9 12.0 47.1

0.3

Precipitation . . . . . . . 9-5 14.9 3.8 9.0 37.2


Precipitation . . . . 20.9 13.4 18.2 20.3 72.7

0.1

f

1987

e0.10.190SrDeposition . . . . 0.0 0.1

1988

e0.0 0.2 0.1

1989

egOSrDeposition . . . . 0.0 g . 0.0 0.0 0.1

Precipitation . . . . . . . 24.8 24.9 18.5 23.8 91.9990

-39 -



TABLE 5

COMPARISON OFESTIMATES OF wSr DEPOSITION MADE BY

EMLANDUKAEA

Year

Annual Deposition Cumu lative Depo sit

PBq 9osr (PBq wsr)

EML UKAEA EML UKAEA

195819591960196119621963

196419651966196719681969197019711972 1973 1974

1975 1976

-19771978 1979 1980 19811982 1983 1984 1985

1986 1987 1988 1989 1990

32.645.915.919.263.3

108.4

77.041.820.010.411.1

10.712.612.66.72.35.9

3.41.8

3.84.41.50.91.90.70.50.40.2

1.70.30.20.20.1

315415

21

75107

8 138

191011

108

965

6

62.544.52.5

2-3

<2.5<3<2<2

<3<2<2<2<2

115

159170185244344

41 144445 145 1

44845 145 145 1448440433

426418411

407400392381374366357349

3433363263 19311

110158170190260360

430460460460460460460460450440440

430430420410400400390380370360350

3403353253 193 12

- 4 0 -



TABLE 6

:

;f::

AVERAGE ?Sr DEPOSITS IN 10"LATITUDEBANDS DURMG 1987 (Bq m 3

~~~~ ~-

First Quarter Second Quarter Third Quarter Fourth Quarter

Latitude 1987

Band Average Number Average Number Average Number Average Number Annual

Deposit of Sites* Deposit of Sites* Deposit of Sites* Deposit of Sites* Average

80-9O"N 0.0 E 0.0 E 0.0 E 0.0 E 0.0

7 0 - 8 0 3 0.0 E 0.0 E 0.0 E 0.1 E 0.06 0 - 7 0 3 0.0 3 0.1 3 0.0 3 0.1 3 0.150-6O N 0.0 2 0.0 2 0.1 2 0.3 2 0.1

40-503 0.1 8 0.2 8 0.1 8 0.2 8 . 0.1

30-40% 0.0 7 0.0 7 0.0 7 0.1 7 0.0

20-3O"N 0.2 5 0.0 4 0.1 5 0.1 5 0.1

10-2O"N 0.0 7 0.0 7 0.1 7 0.1 7 0.00- 10"N 0.0 6 0.0 6 0.0 6 0.1 6 0.0

0-10"s 0.1 3 0.2 3 0.0 3 0.5 3 0.2

10-20 s 0.2 7 0.2 6 0.1 6 0.9 7 0.4

20-30"s 0.2 5 0.3 6 0.2 6 0.2 6 0.2

30-40"s 0.0 5 0.0 6 0.1 5 0.5 5 0.2

40-50"s 0.4 3 0.0 3 0.1 3 0.1 3 0.1

50-60 s 0.0 1 0.0 1 0.1 1 0.2 1 0.1

60-70"s 0.1 1 0.0 1 0.2 1 0.1 1 0.1

70-80"s 0.0 E 0.0 E 0.1 E 0.0 E 0.1

80-90"s 0.0 E 0.0 E 0.0 E 0.0 E 0.0

Global Average 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.1

*E indicates that no sampling sites are in the latitude band, and the data was obtained by extrapolating

the results to a value of zero at the poles.



TABLE 7

AVEMGE 90SrDEPOSITS IN 10 LATITUDEBANDS DURING 1988(Bq m-2)


1988

Annual

Band Deposit .of Sites* Deposit of Sites* Deposit of Sites* Deposit of Sites* Average

Latitude Average Number Average Number Average Number Average Number

I

PE3

I

80-SOW

70-80%

60-70W

50-60W

40-50W

3040%

20-30%

10-2OW

0-low

0 10 s

10-20 s

20-30 s

30-40 s

40-50 s

50-60"s60-70 s

70-80 s

80-90 s

Global Average

0.0

0.1

0.2

0.1

0.2

0.10.1

0:o0.0

0.0

0.3

0.20.2

0.2

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.1

E

E

3

2

8

7

5

7

6

3

7

6

5

3

1

1

E

E

0.00.00.00.1

0.1

0.00.0

0.00.1

0.1

0.2

0.2

0.1

0.10.1

0.1

0.0

0.00.1

E

E

3

2

8

6

57

6

3

7

6

6

3

1

1

E

E

0.0

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1 .

0.3

0.1

0.1

0.0

0.0

0.1

E

E

3

2

8

6

57

6

3

4

4

2

2

1

1

E

E

0.00.0

0.00.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.2

0.1

0.1

0.3

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.I

.o.o0.1

E

E

3

2

8

6

5

7

6

34

4

2

2

1

1

E

E

0.0

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.00.1

0.1

0.2

0.1

0.2

0.2

0.1

0.1

0.0

0.00.1

*E indicates that no sampling sites are in the latitude band, and the data was obtained by extrapolating the results toa value ofzero at the poles.



TABLE 8

8I

AVERAGE ?3r DEPOSITS N O LATITUDEBANDS DURING 1989 (Bq m-9


1989

Annual

Band Deposit of Sites* Deposit of Sites* Deposit of Sites* Deposit of Sites* Average

Latitude Average Number Average Number Average Number Average Number

80-9OW 0.0 E 0.0 E 0.0 E 0.0 E 0.0

70-80W 0.1 E 0.0 E 0.1 E 0.0 E 0.0

60-70% 0.1 2 0.0 3 0.1 3 0.0 3 0.1

50-6O"N 0.1 2 0.0 2 0.2 2 0.0 2 0.1

40-50W 0.1 7 0.1 7 0.1 7 0.1 7 0.1

30-40W 0.1 6 0.0 7 0.0 6 0.0 6 0.0

20-3O N 0.1 5 0.0 5 0.0 4 0.1 4 0.1

10-20W 0.0 6 0.0 6 0.2 6 0.0 7 0.1

0-10 N 0.0 7 0.1 7 0. I 7 0.0 8 0.1

0-10 s 0.0 3 0.0 3 0.0 3 0.3 2 0.1

10-20"s 0.0 5 0.0 7 1.4 7 0.2 6 0.4

20-30 s 0.0 5 0.0 5 0.0 6 0.0 6 0.0

30-40 s 0.0 2 0.0 2 0.1 6 0.0 6 0.1

40-50"s 0.0 2 0.0 2 0.1 3 0.1 3 0.1

50-60"s 0.0 1 0.0 1 1.6 1 0.0 1 0.4

60-70 s 0.0 1 0.0 1 0.2 1 0.1 1 0.170-80 s 0.0 E 0.0 E 0.1 E 0.1 E 0.0

80-90 s 0.0 E 0.0 E 0.0 E 0.0 E 0.0Global Average 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.1 0.1

*E indicates that no sampling sites are in the latitude band, and the data was obtained by extrapolating he results toa value ofzero at the poles.



TABLE 9

I

PPI

AVERAGE ?Sr DEPOSITS IN 10 LATITUDEBANDS DURING 1990(Bq m-7

Latitude

Band

First Quarter Second Quarter Third Quarter

Average Number Average Number Average Number

Deposit of Sites* Deposit of Sites* Deposit of Sites*

Fourth Quarter

1990

AnnualAverage Number

Deposit of Sites* Average

80-9OW 0.0 E 0.0 E 0.0 E 0.0 E 0.0

70-80W 0.0 E 0.0 E 0.1 E 0.0 E 0.0

60-70% 0.0 3 0.0 3 0.1 2 0.1 2 0.1

50-60% 0.0 2 0.0 2 0.1 2 0.0 2 0.0

40-50% 0.0 7 0.1 8 0.1 8 0.1 8 0.1

30-40"N 0.0 7 0.0 7 0.0 7 0.1 7 0.0

20-3O"N 0.1 4 0.0 4 0.0 3 0.1 4 0.0

10-20% 0.0 7 0.1 7 0.1 7 0.1 7 0.1

0-10% 0.0 6 0.0 6 0.0 5 0.1 6 0.0

0-10 s 0.4 3 0.0 3 0.3 3 0.0 3 0.2

10-20 s 0.3 6 0.1 6 0.1 6 0.1 7 0.1

20-30"s 0.0 5 0.0 6 0.1 6 0.1 5 0.0

30-40"s 0.3 6 0.1 ' 6 0:0 6 0.1 6 0.1

40-50 s 0.0 3 0.0 3 0.1 3 0.1 3 0.0

50-60 s 0.0 1 0.0 1 0.1 1 0.1 1 0.060-70 s 0.0 1 0.0 1 0.0 1 0.1 1 0.0

70-80 s 0.0 ' E 0.0 E 0.0 E 0.0 E 0.0

80-90 s 0.0 E 0.0 E 0.0 E 0.0 E 0.0

Global Average 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1

*E indicates that no sampling sites are in the latitude band, and the data was obtainedby extrapolating he results to a valueof

zero at the poles.



TABLE 10

TOTAL 90Sr EPOSITS IN 10" LATITUD E BANDS DURING 1987 (TBq)

1

I

First Quarter Second Quarter ThirdQuarter Fourth Quarter1987

Band Deposit Deposit Deposit Deposit TotalLatitude Total Total Total Total nnual

80-9O"N 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.170-8O"N 0.2 0.5 0.0 0.8 1.560-7O"N 0.5 1.4 0.0 2.2 4.150-6O"N 0.2 0.0 2.4 6.6 9.240-5O"N 3.5 5.4 2.7 5.0 16.630-4O"N 0.8 0.7 1.7 1.9 5.120-3O"N 6.6 1.9 2.9 4.4 15.810-2O"N 0.4 1 o 3.5 3.4 8.40- 1O"N 0.0 1.0 2.2 5.4 8.60-10"s 4.0 8.6 0.8 20.4 33.9

10-20"s 8.8 8.2 4.8 40.0 61.920-30"s 6.1 10.2 6.6 6.5 29.430-40"s 0.9 1.7 3.1 16.6 22.340-50"s 12.3 0.0 2.8 3.6 18.750-60"s 0.0 0.0 1.4 6.3 7.7

60-70"s 1.1 0.0 4.1 1.5 6.770-80"s 0.4 0.0 1.5 0.6 2.580-90"s 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.2

Global Total 45.9 40.6 40.8 125.4 252.7



TABLE 11

TOTAL, ? S r DEPOSITS M 10" LATITUDE BANDS DURING 1988 (TBq)

I

P

I

Third Quarter Fourth Quarterirst Quarter SecondQuarter1988Annual

TotalLatitude Total Total Total Total

Band Deposit Deposit Deposit Deposit

80-9O"N 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

50-6O"N 2.8 2.4 3.1 1.7 10.1

30-4O"N 4.0 0.6 2.7 2.9 . 10.2

70-SOON 1.3 0.1 1.0 0.0 2.5

60-7O"N 3.6 0.3 2.7 0.0 6.7

40-5O"N 5.6 2.6 3.1 3.0 14.3

20-3O"N 4.4 1.9 1.6 3.8 11.710-2O"N 2.0 0.7 1.0 4.6 8.20-1O"N 1.4 2.8 2.2 4.2 10.6

10-20"s 11.1 6.7 3.1 5.8 26.720-30"s 6.4 6.3 2.9 2.7 18.330-40"s 8.6 4.0 2.0 11.9 26.6

50-60"s 0.0 2.1 3.5 2.8 8.4

0-10"s 2.0 5.1 3.0 9.9 20.0

40-50"s 4.9 2.4 8.6 4.3 20.2

60-70"s 0.0 1.5 1.5 2.6 5.770-80"s 0.0 0.6 0.6 0.9 2.180-90"s 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2

Global Total 58.0 40.2 42.9 61.3 202.5



TABLE 12

TOTAL %Sr DEPOSITS IN 10" LATITUDE BANDS DURING 1989(TBq)

I

3I

First Quarter Second Quarter Third Quarter Fourth Quarter1989

TotalLatitude Total Total Total Total Annual

Deposit Deposit Deposit Depositand

80-9O"N 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.070-8O"N 1o 0.3 0.7 0.2 2.360-7O"N 2.8 0.7 2.0 0.6 6.250-6O"N 1.7 0.0 4.4 0.9 7.140-5O"N 2.3 2.2 4.4 2.8 11.730-4O"N 2.0 0.9 0.4 1.0 4.3

0- 10"N 0.4 4.7 5.9 0.0 10.9

20-3O"N 5.2 1.0 0.2 2.3 8.710-2O"N 1.6 0.9 8.0 1.1 11.6

0- 10"s 1.9 1.7 1.5 11.8 16.910-20"s 1.1 0.7 59.8 8.7 70.420-30"s 0.2 0.7 1.8 0.4 3.130-40"s 1.5 0.4 4.3 1.5 7.740-50"s 1.4 0.0 2.5 2.4 6.350-60"s 0.0 0.0 41.1 0.0 41.1

60-70"s 0.0 0.0 4.0 1.9 5.970-80"s 0.0 0.0 1.5 0.7 2.280-90"s 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.2

Global Total 23.2 14.2 142.5 36.6 216.5



TABLE 13

TOTAL, %SrDEPOSITSIN 10" LATITUDE BANDS D W G 990 (TBq)

1

P3

I


1990Annual

. Deposit TotalLatitude Total Total Total Total

80-9O"N 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

70-8O"N 0.2 0.2 0.9 0.5 1.860-7O"N 0.5 0.5 2.6 1.3 4.950-6O"N 0.2 0.3 1.7 1 o 3.340-5O"N 1.0 2.2 2.2 2.2 7.530-40"N 1.2 1.2 0.9 2.9 6.120-3O"N 3.2 0.5 0.5 2.8 7.010-2O"N 1.1 2.6 3.3 2.9 9.80-1O"N 1.1 1.1 1.9 2.4 6.50-10"s 18.3 1.5 11.6 2.0 33.3

10-20"s 12.7 3.8 4.5 2.6 23.620-30"s 0.6 0.7 2.1 2.8 6.330-40 s 10.5 4'9 1.0 4.1 20.540-50"s 0.6 0.5 2.0 1.7 4.950-60"s 0.3 1 o 2.1 1.4 4.860-70"s 0.0 0.7 0.4 1.5 2.6

70-80"s 0.0 0.3 0.1 0.6 1.080-90"s 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1

Global Total 51.5 21.8 38.0 32.7 144.0

Band Deposit Deposit Deposit



TABLE 14

I

Po

CUMMULATIVE %SrDEPOSITS IN 10" LATITUDEBANDS DURING 1987 (PBq)

First Quarter . Second Quarter Third Quarter Fourth Quarter

Total Total Total TotalDeposit Deposit Deposit Deposit

LatitudeBand

80-9O"N70-8o"N60-7O"N50-6O"N40-5O"N30-40"N20-3O"N10-2O"N0-1O"N0- 10"s

10-20"s20-30"s30-40"s40-50"s50-60"s60-70"s70-80"s80-90"s

Global Total

0.74.8

18.242.457.848.238.627.119.510.79.9

15.716.416.48.04.01.50.2

340.0

0.74.7

18.142.257.447.938.327.019.410.79.8

15.616.316.37.94.01.50.2

338.0

~~

0.74.7

18.041.957.147.638.126.819.310.69.7

15.516.216.27.93.91.50.2

336.0

0.74.7

17.94 1.756.747.437.926.719.110.69.7

15.516.116.17.83.91.50.2

334.1



TABLE 15

CUMMULATIVE DEPOSITS M 10" LATITU DE BANDS D W G 98 8(PBq)


Latitude Total Total Total Total

80-9O"N 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.770-8O"N 4.7 4.6 4.6 4.6

60-7O"N 17.8 17.7 17.6 17.4

50-6O"N 41.4 41.2 . 41.0 40.7

30-4O"N 47.1 46.8 46.5 46.2

20-3O"N 37.7 37.4 37.2 37.0

10-2O"N 26.5 26.3 26.2 26.0

0- 10"N 19.0 18.9 18.8 18.7

0- 10"s 10.5 10.5 10.4 10.3

20-30"s 15.4 15.3 15.2 15.1

30-40"s 16.0 16.0 15.9 15.8

40-50"s 16.0 15.9 15.9 15.8

50-60"s 7.8 7.7 7.7 7.6

60-70"s 3.9 3.9 3.8 3.870-80"s 1.5 1.4 1.4 1.4

Global Total 332.2 330.2 328.3 326.4

Band Deposit Deposit Deposit Deposit.

40-5O"N 56.4 56.1 55.7 55.4

10-20"s 9.7 9.6 9.6 9.5

80-90"s 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

1



TABLE 16

I

21

CUMMULATIVE ? 3 r DEPOSITS IN 10"LATITUDEBANDS DURING 1989 (PBq)

First Quarter Second Quarter ThirdQuarter FourthQuarter

Total Total Total Totalatitude '


80-9O"N70-8O"N60-7O"N50-6O"N40-5O"N30-4O"N20-3O"N10-2O"N0-10"N0-10"s

10-20"s20-30"s30-40"s40-50"s50-60"s

60-70"s70-80"s80-90"s

Global Total

0.74.6

17.340.555.146.036.825.918.610.3.9.515.015.715.77.6

3.81.40.2

324.4

0.74.5

17.240.254.745.736.625.718.510.29.4

14.915.615.67.5

3.81.40.2

322.5

0.74.5

17.140.054.445.436.325.618.410.29.4

14.815.515.57.5

3.81.40.2

320.7

0.74.5

17.039.854.145.136.125.418.310.19.4

14.715.415.47.5

3.71.40.2

318.8



TABLE 17

CUMMULATIVE ? 3r DEPOSITS IN 10" LATITUDE BANDS DURING 1990 (PBq)

~


Latitude Total Total Total Total

80-9O"N 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.6

70-8O"N 4.4 4.4 4.4 4.460-7O"N 16.9 16.8 16.7 16.650-6O"N 39.5 39.3 39.0 38.840-5O"N 53.8 53.5 53.1 52.830-4O"N 44.9 44.6 44.3 44.120-3O"N 35.9 35.7 35.5 35.310-2O"N 25.3 25.1 25.0 24.80-1O"N 18.2 18.1 17.9 17.80- 10"s 10.1 10.0 10.0 9.9

10-20"s 9.3 9.3 9.2 9.220-30"s 14.7 14.6 14.5 14.430-40"s 15.3 15.2 15.1 15.140-500s 15.3 15.2 15.1 15.050-60"s 7.5 7.4 7.4 7.360-70"s 3.7 3.7 3.7 3.770-80"s 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.480-90"s 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

Global Total 317.0 315.1 313.3 311.4




TABLE 18

ANNUAL FISSION YE LD S OF ATMOSPHERIC WEAPONS TESTSAND %rDEPOSITION FOR THE NORTHERN AND SOUTHERN HEMISPHERES

Northern Hemisphere Southern Hemisphere

Fission Yields 90SrDeposition Fission Yields ?3r Deposition

W T ) (PBd W T ) (?Bdear

19581959196019611962196319641965

1966196719681969197019711972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977

1978 1979 1980 1981

1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989

1990

29.00.00.1

25.077.0

0.00.0

0.0

0.61.71.22.02.00.0

0.11.60.50.02.40.0

0.00.00.50.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.0

0.0

0.0

23.338.99.6

13.053.396.961.428.5

12.26.37.45.67.87.03.21.24.52.21.03.0

3.71.1

0.61.60.50.30.30.11.50.10.10.1

0.0

0.00.0

0.00.0

0.00.0

0.0

0.0

0.70.24.10.0

2.62.00.10.11.1

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.00.00.00.00.0

0.00.0

0.00.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

9.6.6.76.36.39.6

11.515.513.3

7.84.13.75.24.85.63.61.21.41.30.80.8

0.70.40.30.30.2

0.20.10.10.20.20.1

0.2

0.1

- 53 -



0

0-

- 54 -



03 80 r 60 50 40 30 20 10

Degrees North Latitude

0 10 2 1 ) 3 0 4 0 5 0 6 0

Degrees South Latitude

80 93

Figure 2. Latitudinal distribution of global 90Sr burden at the end of 1990



Year -

Figure 3. Tempo ral patterns of atmospheric weapons testing and 90Srdeposition:

(a) annua l global 9OSr deposition from 1958 to 1990(b) annual fission yield from atmospheric weapons testing

c )cumulative global deposit of 9oSr fiom 1958 to 1990

- 56 -

world wide strontium contamination 1990

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