world war i. main idea as wwi began & then spread to much of europe, the u.s. tried to remain...
TRANSCRIPT
World War I
Main IdeaAs WWI began & then
spread to much of Europe,
the U.S. tried to remain neutral as long
as possible.
Archduke Ferdinand Assassinated!!Bosnia is new province
in Austro-Hungarian empire
Makes state visit to Bosnia
2 attempts made
Causes of WarMilitarism- aggressively building up armed forces in preparation for war
Alliances- complicated system developed among European nations
Imperialism- competition for colonies
Nationalism- countries act in own national interest; diverse ethnic populations
Conflict Expands1. Mobilization-readying of troops for war
2. Threats back & forth
3. Germany declares war on Russia
Schlieffen Plan:a 1st strike strategyA quick sweep through France
Turn east & defeat Russia
5. Belgium Neutrality Violated
Forces Great Britaininto war
Central Powers
Germany
Austria-Hungary
Allies Russia
France Serbia
Britain
Stalemate:Neither side can
gain an advantage
Trench Warfare“no man's land”
neither side gains more
than a few miles;Muddy
&Rat
infested
American Response1.
Wilson proclaims U.S. neutral
2. “preparedness” movement-
train troops
3. Peace movement
US Declares War“The voters... have seen lives lost,
property ruined, privations suffered, on a greater scale than the world had
ever known, and they have seen existence become harder, not only for the men who are fighting, but for all
the inhabitants of the stricken countries. They have seen nation
after nation drawn in, until the role of the original combatants has been
doubled.”
German Submarine Warfare1. Provokes calls for war in U.S.
2. U-boat changed rules for naval warfare
a. Enabled Germany to break stalemate at sea
3. Used to prevent munitions & food from reaching Britain's ports
German sub warfare, cont.
German sub warfare, cont.4. British develop
hydrophones
5. British cut transatlantic cable
6. Sinking of the Lusitania
Sussex PledgeGermany
promises to warn ships before attacking
Only lasts a few months
The Move Towards War1. Germany's use of
Unrestricted sub warfare
2. Zimmerman notea. Contains secret offer to Mexico
b. Mexico should declare war on U.S.
c. Would be rewarded w/ land
Russian Revolution
Fall of czar removes
stumbling block to join Allies
War ResolutionMarch 20, 1917
Presidential Cabinet votes for war
April 6, 1917Wilson signs war
resolution
Americans on European
Front
Troop Count
Army-100,000
Marines-15,500
National Guard-132,000
Draftees & Volunteers
Training includes how to: use a bayonet & rifle, dig a trench, put
on a gas mask, & throw a grenade
Congress passes Selective Service Act
Draft cont.Convoy system used to protect ships
American soldiers given nickname “doughboys”
Turning the Tide of War
1. Events in Russia shake the alliance
a. Bolsheviks overthrow republican govt.
b. Germany helps Lenin
c. Allows Germany to focus on Western Front
Turning the Tide, cont.2. American forces help
save Paris
3. Tanks help Allies break German lines
4. War in the Aira. U.S. manufactures new planes
b. 1st used to scout enemy positions
c. German zeppelins & bombers launch raids on
London
5. Ending the Wara. Central Powers begin to
collapse
b. German sailors mutiny
c. German representative signs an armistice
d. Flu epidemic kills nearly 30 million
Results of the War 50,000
Americans die in battle
European death toll nearly 8 million
Americans on the Home
Front
“I hate war, because war is murder, desolation, and
destruction. If one-tenth of what has
been spent on preparedness for
war had been spent on the prevention of war the world would always have been at
peace.” --Henry Ford--
Financing the War:Liberty Bonds
Could be redeemed later for value of original plus
interestRaised more than $20
billionPaid war cost plus loans
to AlliesAllowed civilians to be involved in war effort
Managing the Economy1. Industries switch from producing commercial goods to war goods2. War Industries Board
a. oversaw nations war-related productions
b. Doled out raw materialsc. Told manufacturers what &
how much to produced. Fixed prices
President given power to:
Manage production & distribution of food &
fuelManage how much food people bought
Impose price controls
4. Daylight saving
time imposed
Enforcing LoyaltyNews & information comes
under federal control
Fears of espionage & spying generate calls for restriction
on immigration
All things “German” banned
Political radicals voice antiwar opinions
Enforcing Loyalty cont.
Social Mobility for Minorities & WomenBusinesses need new
workers
500,000 African Americans
join the “Great Migration”
400,000 women join the industrial work force