world war i
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World War I. The United States Goes to War. Front Lines – November 1918. Chateau Woods - Ypres - 1917. Fighting the Mud as well as the Germans. Allied Trench in Flanders. British Trench: The Somme - 1916. The American Contribution. Wilson’s Plan - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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World War I
The United States Goes to War
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Front Lines – November 1918
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Chateau Woods - Ypres - 1917
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Fighting the Mud as well as the Germans
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Allied Trench in Flanders
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British Trench: The Somme - 1916
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The American Contribution
Wilson’s Plan
Increased supply of materiel (arsenal of democracy)
Navy would bear brunt of military participation
No large ground forces in Europe
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The American ContributionThe Reality
American industry buckled under the strain
Navy played a minor role
A huge American army went to Europe Armed mostly with British and French equipment Inexperienced volunteers
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American Troops in Combat
The Allied View (amalgamation): Building U.S. divisions was a waste of resources Building U.S. divisions was a waste of manpower U.S. had no leaders qualified to lead large formations American troops could be trained better and faster
when placed with veteran allied units U.S. insistence on separate divisions might lose the
war
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American Troops in Combat
The American View: Allied control was a recipe for dead Americans U.S. population demanded U.S. troops under U.S.
Command U.S. war aims were different than Allies, demanded a
distinct American presence.
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The German Spring Offensives of 1918
Designed to force a negotiated settlement before U.S. troops arrived in decisive numbers
Germany committed all of its reserve forces Between 21 March and 15 July, Germany launched
four major (and one minor) attacks
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German Troops Under Fire
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German OffensivesMarch 21, 1918
1. Michael 21 Mar - 5 April
2. Georgette - 9 - 11 Apr
3. Blucher-York 27 Apr4. Gneisenau 9 Jun5. Marne-Rheims 15-17
Jul
1
2
34
5
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The Front Line - July 18, 1918
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The Aisne-Marne Offensive18 July - 6 August 1918
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The Oise-Aisne Offensive18 August - 11 November 1918
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The St. Mihiel Offensive12 – 16 September 1918
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The Meuse-Argonne Offensive26 September – 11 November
1918
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American Troops Advance:(Muese-Argonne) 1918
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Destroyed VillageMeuse-Argonne 1918
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Armistice Line11 November 1918
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The American ContributionNaval Contribution
Reduced losses to U-boats by:
Convincing British to adopt convoy system
Providing 79 destroyers for escort duty
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U.S. Merchant Ship Sinking After Being Torpedoed -
July,1918
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The American Contribution
Ground Forces:
Gave Allies a decisive manpower advantage
Presence of U.S. formations on the battlefield in 1918 broke the will of the German General Staff
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8,000,000 Dead in Four Years