world war i 1914-1918. introduction also called “the great war” the “war to end all wars”...
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Underlying Causes of WWI International Rivalries Britain & Germany – industrial competition & naval race France & Germany – animosity since 1871 Russia & Austria – the Eastern Question Imperial competition Nationalism “National patriotism” Militarism Pan-Slav Movement Greater Serbia Plan Bosnian Crisis (1908) Entangling alliance systemTRANSCRIPT
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World War I1914-1918
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Introduction Also called “The Great War” The “war to end all wars” First major war since 1815 Unlike World War II, no clear-cut lines of good
and evil Until World War II, the world’s most destructive
conflict The Industrial Revolution meets warfare “Total War” Set the pattern for the 20th century
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Underlying Causes of WWI International Rivalries
Britain & Germany – industrial competition & naval race France & Germany – animosity since 1871 Russia & Austria – the Eastern Question Imperial competition
Nationalism “National patriotism” Militarism Pan-Slav Movement
Greater Serbia Plan Bosnian Crisis (1908)
Entangling alliance system
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Militarism
A process of glorifying military power and keeping a standing army always ready for war.
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Nationalism
Devotion to one nation's interests over those of all other nations.
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Imperialism
The policy of extending a nation's authority by territorial acquisition or by the establishment of economic and political hegemony over other nations, countries, or colonies.
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Europe in 1914
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Entangling Alliances Arose out of the appearance
of a unified Germany in 1871
Otto von Bismarck Triple Alliance (1882)
Germany Austria-Hungary Italy
Triple Entente (1907) Britain France Russia
Otto von Bismarck
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System of Alliances
Central PowersGerman EmpireAustro-Hungarian EmpireBulgariaOttoman Empire
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Serbia & Austria: Bitter Enemies!
Austria was an aggressive imperial power
Determined to prevent Serbia from expanding…at any cost
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Serbia & Austria: Bitter Enemies!
Austria was an aggressive imperial power
Determined to prevent Serbia from expanding…at any cost
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System of Alliances: the other side
AlliesRussian EmpireFranceUnited KingdomGreece, Romania, Serbia, Italy,
Japan, Portugal, USA
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1914
The Immediate Cause of World War I
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Balkans
Controlled by Ottomans until 19th century
Russia claimed area as protectorEthnicity, religion
Austria desired political domination
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Serbian Nationalism
Hoped to absorb all Slavs in Balkan PeninsulaRussia supported
Austria opposed annexed Bosnia-Herzegovina
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Balkans, 1914
A war against Turkey in 1912 and Bulgaria in 1913 were a prelude to WWI.
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King Peter of Serbia r. (1903-1921)
Sought to unify South Slavs into one nation
Goal achieved in 1919: Yugoslavia
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Immediate Cause of World War I
Sarajevo, Bosnia June 28, 1914 Archduke Franz
Ferdinand Battle of Kosovo
(1389) Gavrilo Princip Black Hand Society The July Crisis
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Murder in Sarajevo
Francis Ferdinand, heir to Austrian throne & his wife Sophie were killed…
By Gavrilo Princip 19 year old member of Black Hand
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Francis Ferdinand hoped to overhaul the monarchy…
Germans & Serbs hated the archduke for his desire to create a triple monarchy with a Slavic kingdom under Croatian leadership
Hungarians hated him for campaign for universal suffrage
READ ONLY
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The Black Hand
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Steps leading to war
1. Austrian Archduke Franz Ferdinand is assassinated.
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2. Austria attacks Serbia.
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3. Serbia has an alliance with Russia.
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4. Russia attacks Austria and Germany.
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5. Germany attacks Russia’s ally France.Germans go through Belgium to attack France.
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6. Belgium has an alliance with England.
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7. England defends Belgium, attacks Germany.