Early American Foreign Policy

Leads to the War of 1812

1812- 1815APUSH

Early Foreign Policy Problems Washington

– Problems with both GB and France

– Neutrality Proclamation, 1793 Adams

– More problems with GB ￫ Jay’s Treaty not followed

– More problems with FR ￫ Quasi War

Jefferson– No military ￫ Barbary

Pirate problem– Embargo disaster

Madison’s long-term Foreign Policy Problems A little about Madison…

– “federalist” not “Federalist” “War Hawks” angry

– DR Congressmen from the West

– Upset with GB for blockading, privateering & impressment• British Orders in Council v.

Napoleon’s Continental System– Saw W. expansion as a “right”– Desired British Canada

Heading to War

HMS Leopard vs. USS Chesapeake

Battle of Tippecanoe– WH Harrison v.

Tecumseh

War!

Above: the HMS Leopard vs. USS ChesapeakeBelow left: WH Harrison, Below right: Tecumseh

Left: Madison’s War Message to Congress

The War in 1812 3 US attempts to invade

Canada fail– US morale in the tank

US Navy does (surprisingly) well– “Old Ironsides”– Rallies US morale– US commissions privateers

Brutal fighting in the West– Massacre at River Raisin

The War in 1813 Beginning of the end for

Tecumseh– Battle of Stoney Creek

Battle of Lake Erie Battle of the Thames Invasion of Canada (again) Winter of Horrors

– Burning & looting– Lundy’s Lane

Above: Tecumseh v. Wm H HarrisonBelow: Oliver Perry & the Battle on Lake ErieBottom Left: Lawrence’s Last Words

The War in the summer of 1814 Washington DC burned Hartford Convention meets Canada invades

– Battle of Plattsburgh Bay Battle of Baltimore

– F.S. Key & the National Anthem…

Left: White House burned Right: Burning of Washington

Battle of Baltimore- The story behind the Star Spangled Banner

Left: American flag that endured the Fort McHenry attack

Above: Fort McHenry Under Attack, Smithsonian Museum for American History

The Star-Spangled Banner—Francis Scott Key, 1814

O say, can you see, by the dawn's early light,What so proudly we hail'd at the twilight's last gleaming?

Whose broad stripes and bright stars, thro' the perilous fight,O'er the ramparts we watch'd, were so gallantly streaming?

And the rockets' red glare, the bombs bursting in air,Gave proof thro' the night that our flag was still there.

O say, does that star-spangled banner yet waveO'er the land of the free and the home of the brave?

Verse 2

On the shore dimly seen thro' the mists of the deep,Where the foe's haughty host in dread silence reposes,

What is that which the breeze, o'er the towering steep,As it fitfully blows, half conceals, half discloses?

Now it catches the gleam of the morning's first beam,In full glory reflected, now shines on the stream:

'Tis the star-spangled banner: O, long may it waveO'er the land of the free and the home of the brave!

Verse 3

And where is that band who so vauntingly sworeThat the havoc of war and the battle's confusion,A home and a country should leave us no more?

Their blood has wash'd out their foul footsteps' pollution.No refuge could save the hireling and slaveFrom the terror of flight or the gloom of the grave:

And the star-spangled banner in triumph doth waveO'er the land of the free and the home of the brave.

Verse 4

O thus be it ever when free-men shall standBetween their lov'd home and the war's desolation;

Blest with vict'ry and peace, may the heav'n-rescued landPraise the Pow'r that hath made and preserv'd us a nation!

Then conquer we must, when our cause it is just,And this be our motto: “In God is our trust!”

And the star-spangled banner in triumph shall waveO'er the land of the free and the home of the brave!

The War in 1815 Hartford Convention

– End of Federalists New Orleans victory (Jan 1815)

– Andrew Jackson becomes a hero– http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LsRK3DNoa_Q

But…Treaty of Ghent (Dec 1814)– “status quo antebellum”

Beginning of the Era of Good

Feelings

Top: Symbolic Representation of the Treaty of Ghent

Bottom Left: The Battle of New OrleansBottom Middle: Andrew Jackson

Bottom Right: Political cartoon satirizing the Hartford Convention’s “Big Leap”