world revolutionary propaganda

443
WORLD REVOLUTIONARY PROPAGANDA A Chicago Study HAROLD D. LASSWELL William Alanson White Psychiatric Foundation, Washington, D. C. Visiting Sterling Lecturer in Law, Yale University DOROTHY BLUMENSTOCK Western Personnel Service, Pasadena, California I*. B cr

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FORM WITHOUT PERMISSION IN
method
future.
This
investigation
was
a case
STATION,
MARCH
II,
1932
l68
RIOT
IN
War of
They
denied
that
they
had
been
defeated.
They
declared
that
the
civilians
had
 collapsed
large
part
public
was
dramatically
group
had
propagandist
may
promote
a
line
of
radios,
a
make
of
automobiles,
a
hospital,
is itself
effective roads
8
The
idea
of
measuring
the
fluctuations
of
Opinion
by
Dr.
provided
legal
the
study
of
politics
as
the
analysis
the
drastic,
rather
than
moderate,
tangible advantages
from the
religion,
since
unity
that
disjunction
between
enemies.
A
great
question
emphasizing
local
distinctiveness.
4.
Restriction
may
proceed
by
incorporating
major
powers
and
which,
though
from the
deprivational change
tionally
attitudes are
pattern
of
revolu-
nected
with
the
brief
period
of
militancy
in the American
had won
analysis
and
justify
the
strategy
International
Depression
to
get
values
figures, quarters
relief bill for
to
carry
the
burden
of
unemployment
without
applying
for
aid;
speech
or
action
in
connection
changes
lost his.
Committee
into
a
single
Commission.
the
depression,
there
was
a
decided
increase
May
that
this
become
available.
Furthermore,
at
that
closures also
opened
their
period
with
$434,659
the
come.
The
that
the
pending
crisis
Illinois
Assembly
is
be-
yond
debate. . .
 
Meanwhile
deprivation,
it
resulted
During
the
first
relief in
in Wash-
August
had
increased
so
greatly
that
state
appropriations
the
Common-
year.
Evictions
during
October,
November,
and
December
dropped
43
per
cent
from
party
platform
relief
passed
in
tial
work
of
$25,000
was
ability.
The
degree
Ruthen-
channel of
the scattered
crowd. At
the usual
of
collecting
funds.
The
following
random
collection
of
dustrial
Union,
November
Defense
in
two
countries.
The
these countries
forms of
audience.
jury.
city
courtrooms.
Tag
Day
Although
no
Chicago
during
in
1930,
17
in
1931,
and
27
in
1932.
During
these
years
arose in
originated
commissioner we
and while
only
working-class
activity.
not work
organize
effectively.
 
radical communities. Section
22
such
publications
the
degree
of
control
which
life
among
Communist
Party
pick
the
flowers,
twig,
stretch-
ing
out
all
remove the bush.
With her last
The moral of the
artistic
nest-building.
in.
He
proposed
to
migrate
of William
Z. Foster
or Scott
pennies).
The
covers
were
illustrated
tends to
none too
well edited.
which will
report,
there
was
on
fourth of
Trade
Workers'
Industrial
Union.
This,
among
formed for
individuals on
specially
inter-
organ-
izations
to
members
of
the
Com-
munist
Party.
The
liberals
and
ILD,
however,
propaganda
regarding
the
Scottsboro
issues.
no
figures
greater
emphasis
social
gatherings
theater,
organized
mainly
for
unemployed through
One
group
ex-
pression
many
occasions
place,
The
International
Soviet,
Shall
dying?
Feet
aching,
children
crying
for
eats,
No
gas,
electric,
HE FALLS
Religion)
time
and
were
sung
as
marching
tunes
during
Communist
parades.
The
youth
large meeting-halls,
cheers were
enthusiasm
parades.
Following
military
custom,
the
flags
strate,
a
young
party
the crowd and
propaganda
the slab
room
for
the
flights
of
genius.
The
highest
propa-
gandist
deliberately
prefers
new and
tated
Bibliography
(Minneapolis,
1935).
one
per
cent
lutionary
action
by
drastic
methods,
and
apt
to
masses
for
their
assembling
these
transitory
clues
to
the
experience
of
the
ORGANIZE STRIKE
47TH,
59TH,
CICERO
AND
SCHOOLS,
symbols
were
sorted
according
to
their
explicit
content;
hence
only
those
symbols
which
expressly
mentioned
local
objects
were
included
the
careful
con-
PROLETARIAT OF THE
Other
symbols
of
positive
identification
Total
The
expression
The term
requires
symbols
babies,
they
begin
loosely
equivalent
to
study
of
the
personality
has
shown
that
any
of
revolutionary
propaganda
revolu-
tionary
science
is
the
gether,
but
only
during
the
(August
i,
1934)
deepest
conceivable
thrusts
at
the
patriotic
sentiment
organized
around
CAN
HUMAN
BEINGS
(May
i,
1933)
FOR
such
connections.
Terms
of
identification,
like
UNION
(May
28,
1932)
DEMONSTRATE
AGAINST
JAPANESE
REVOLU-
RALLY
frequencies
of
use
of
identification
symbols
of
foreign
reference
were
counted.
About
5
per
cent
38% 37% 34%
opportunities
to
PLOYED
(August
1931)
FREE
GAS,
GAS,
ELEC-
TRICITY,
WATER
AND
STREET
CARS
$15.00
PER
WEEK
FOR
THE
UNEMPLOYED
(August
3,
1931)
Relief
Clients
and
Workers
ALL
UNEMPLOYED
WORKERS
(November
24,
1934)
MEN
AND
INJURY
AS
BAD
WEATHER
(December
26,
1933)
IMMEDIATE
AND
REGULAR
IM-
MEDIATELY
AT
END
OF
JOB
(December
26,
1933)
NO
DISCRIMINATION
(March
8,
1932)
Small
Taxpayers
(Lesser-Income
Groups)
(February
28,
1933)
Small
Depositors
(Lesser-Income
Groups)
OWNERS
BANKS
(August
31,
1934)
CLASS
IN THE
AMOUNT OF
THAN
$7
(July
16,
1934)
Negroes
TO
CAMP
(May
i,
1933)
NO
JIM-CROWISM
Jews
NO
ANTI-SEMITISM
(August
1934)
Foreign-Born
approaching
yet
unrevolu-
tionized
groups
existence of
Vanzetti.
The
unfortunate
worker
who
happens
depicted
as
strong
WORKERS'
UNION.
The
May
1933
the
the
 
c
departments
are
workers in the
but
to
oust
them
from
the
shop.
paper
L.
Worker:
your
demands
will
be
to
change
them.
Elect
support
follow-
and
protested.
The
recently
saloon
and
buy
any
longer.
was
published
scurrying
away
was
attained
by
the
the
spoken
five
for our chil-
mayor
of
the
city
of
Chicago,
declared
Arkansas for
the bold
part
of
creased
.
.
Circle,
New
York,
one
of
the
big
centers
of
the
city,
the
New
Yor^
American
wishing
the
depositors
a
Merry
Christmas.
Well,
this
is
about
the
going
to
get
money
from
the
City
Council
got
to
come
out
of
long
struggle,
nothing
new
exclusively
upon
immediate
1
Such
occasions
an outside
handling
of
mass
gatherings.
and
mostly
composed
pub-
lic
showing.
The
police
sometimes
occasions
rigid
met the demands
was
out.
The
legalization
of
the
Chicago.
This
method
of
'
themselves
into
two
groups,
one
directly
circling
the
speaker
action.
supposed
to
stop
the
police
committee of ten
sion,
proper per-
which had been in the
process
of
planning
for
they
oc-
the
door.
For
a
place.
of the various
employed.
at
the
Lawndale
relief
station
at
2133
police
clubbing
8
convincing
and
dramatic
demonstration,
and
the
Unemployed
foreign
nation,
the
demonstration
was
permitted
by
the
police,
rather
high
have
already
been
discussed.
During
1933
and
1934,
when,
as
an
a
block
pre-
vented,
such
people
attempted
io8th Place
to mth
to
bloodshed.
9
In
requesting
permit
for
a
colorful
signboards
on
good
attend-
ance.
In
front. On
blasted;
electrocution
been
for
August
22.
During
the
first
had been decided
tion,
it
had
not
yet
A memorial
The Communist
every
alarming
state-
ments.
We
are
may
detachment
and
a
unit
organizer
or
other
responsible
comrade
as
captain
of
each
group.
Each
Party
group,
speakers,
banner
bearers,
etc.
must
be
provided
from
each
clubs
drawn
and
to
Thus far our
prevent
them
from
using
slugging.
The
return
return,
group
corps
importance
of
singing,
possible
adhered
A
committee
of
fifteen,
headed
by
Nels
Kjar,
presented
a
petition
at
Mayor
Thompson's
office.
full
account
by
the
Communist
Party.
/9J/:
Eviction
Demonstration
On
Monday
afternoon,
August
3,
a
crowd
speakers
police.
It
scene
was
cleared.
The
police
organize
slogan
printed
Chicago
is
a
part
of
ruling
capitalist
class,
the
Republican,
bread
or
work.
Wages
are
being
given
to
the
problem
fighting
for
just
this
thing,
but
cause
they
cannot
pay
1931:
Funeral
Demonstration
The
Unemployed
Council
planned
Fellows'
Hall,
a
Negro
Communist
center,
at
3335
South
State
Street,
so
as
flags
and
bunting,
dominated
the
 
conflict,
and
described
their
getaways.
The
he
into
the
station
to
present
the
demands
of
the
crowd,
squads
charges
of
inciting
to
riot,
for
unlawful
assembly,
and
for
disorderly
conduct.
Early
on
by
SIDE
OF
CHICAGO
three
hundred
people
gathered
drew his
District
in
the
squad
room
of
of
1
on the
sidewalk for
hundred men
and women
of
my
house.
A
heavy
set
man
with
uniform were
gray
suit
policemen
helped
him
across
release of
the United
speakers
filled.
When
the
slogans among
AGAINST
FASCISM ;
At the
rear of
Up
one
aisle
of
the
hall,
down
another,
then
unification
against
the
are no
tween
propaganda
in
Chicago.
Nothing
and
what
is
available.
two
questions.
Promotion
Index
possible
sets
of
figures.
These
we
have
called
Re-
fined
function-
aries
in
the
units
was
many
times
party
structure
and
membership,
to
arrive
at
figures
indicating
a
active
party
members
devoted
already
been
presented.
They
propaganda,
illuminate
only
half
of
the
total
picture.
The
spotlight
must
be
shifted
from
those
attention,
of such
upon
symbols
of
specified
kinds
for
persons
present
at
Communist
dem-
where
attendance
estimates
Although
made
by
the
police
parades,
for
example,
By
multiplying
net
num-
ber
of
their
the
party
the
fringe
estimate the
1930
As in
the
center,
were
quickly
spent.
An
mittee
give
districts,
which,
though
it
rarely
covered
adequate
information.
with
of distinctive
symbols promoted
prac-
tices
of
focusing
attention.
Where
direct
data
concerning
the
skillf
But
emphasis
upon
constantly
adhered
to
by
the
Communists,
so
that
they
NEW
DEAL
GIVEN
YOU
IN CHICAGO
FOR
point
all
slogans
toward
action,
by
their
with
negative
place
of
12.5
per
cent
of
the
is
guilty?
the
two
(with
or
indul-
gences
and
deprivations,
2
was
met
their
special-purpose
associations
liberals,
for
example,
copied
the
special
organizations
of
the
unemployed
in
1931.
The
Unemployed
Councils
(Communist),
however,
remained
the rank and
Proletarian announced
ary
olutionary
Americans with an alien
in
Germany
fought
with
one
sons connected with the
appeal
mocracy
Union
had
announced
a
vast
program
the
tors so as to
tion
to
internal
tionary organization
is the
the
government
of
the
United
States
this club
reactivity).
at
least
determine
the
general
complicated
function
tracts in
C
were
impairs
the
material
position
of
debts ex-
of
rent.
Presumably
get
en-
tangled
in
violent
of different
persons
to
warrant
the
fol-
lowing
the
depression
in
Chicago,
persons
paying
prison
records.
Hence
it
is
justifiable
leaders and
members of
persons
would
pre-
sumably
resort
the
Communist
Party
for
ten
years.
He
was
born
in
a
New
England
city
in
1904,
coming
to
Chicago
in
1925.
record of
conflicts with
a
cobbler
County
Bureau
of
Public
Welfare.
In
August
1933
he
was
transferred
stomach,
and
claims
always
to
Legion
and
He has not
County
Bureau
grounds.
Middle
Western
state
in
1895,
came
to
Chicago
in
1916,
and
also
a
number
of
vacant
lots.
He
owes
officials in
order to
tions.
He
property
ened the knee to such
an
extent
that
of
the
Unemployed
Council.
the
Councils,
he
was
ar-
psy-
chiatric
interview.
#5
refused
to
keep
his
appointment.
Leader
#6
had
no
organizational
see
the
organi-
zation.
sufferer he has
property
by
inheritance
and
He has
is
strange
that
I
us
to
wait
until
Mr.
M.
was
border
into
fellow soldiers dared
Western
city
and
came
to
Chicago
in
1926.
He
is
1920
and
1924
he
was
employed
as
company
at
$45
going
crazy
depression,
they
order in which
organized protest
which
she
was
merely
a
spectator.
Many
persons,
essentially
when more
a continuous
observational
it
it enables us
political
activism.
Within
a
given
of
special
sensitivity
to
changes
in
the
context.
In
other
words,
there
are
zones
of
persons
who
are
predisposed
collec-
tive
symbols
per-
sons
predisposed
toward
assertiveness
on
behalf
of
collective
protest
symbols.
modify
or
to
general pattern
are met
occur that
intensify
collective
reactions
through
extreme
They
were
indicated
by
alien
and
stigmatized
affiliations,
and
by
low
income;
in
general,
then,
by
non-elite
position
 
of
the
environment
(E)
and
the Communist
pline
by
the
Communists.
Communist
propaganda
had
authority
of
these
corporation
of
some
(not
all)
of
the
symbols
and
practices
of
the
widespread
responses
they
wished
Committee
the
problems
Secretary
re-
peated
stirred
by
attempts
of
an
Anti-Communist
Crusader,
Paul
Revere
organizer,
announced in
indignation meeting, ending
organizations,
growing
more
sportsmanship
whelmed
by
politi-
than
helped
must have faith
United States
of
the
post-war
revolutionary
means
to
unions,
but
rather
to
mobilize
June
1921.
Workers,
who
polled
one-third
Bakery
the
Chicago
Federation
of
Labor
was
a
gathering-point
of
movements
pos-
sible
if
one
worked
with
national convention of the
in
favor
L.
entrenched
in
control,
swathed
Amer-
ican
flag,
and
fearful
of
visible
concessions
to
the
program
of
industrialization,
unionization
of
the
unskilled,
and
independ-
ent
political
action.
As
we
have
seen,
the
Chicago
ordinary
wage-earner
theory
of
control ;
growth.
Two
predictions
might
rea-
sonably
have
made
on
to
the
years
1930-4:
1.
As
of
sleep
this
on
the
A
to
direct
units
that
the
not
properly
coordinated
through
In
this
connection
two
which assumed
every
Section
Committee
into
some
serious
thinking.
In
made a
only
membership
by
No-
vember
7,
which
is
only
six
week
organizer
of
still has no
one must
come serious.
asking
of
too
many
questions.
Another
again
arise,
of
drunkenness,
financial
hooliganism,
gossiping,
etc.,
parties
given
by
our
units,
from
drunken
orgies
into
recreational
to
enables the indi-
and
criti-
cism
concerning
organizational
matters,
the
problem
finally
decided
upon
by
by
the
unit
buro.
routine
problems
of
the
unit
political
activities.
on
May
15,
1931
as
follows
else-
where,
organizational
question
proceed.
Displacement
of
party
activity
to
more
gratifying
the
severity
of
the
require-
primary
ego
against
situation
clearly
demanded
a
revision
of
basic
of
this submis-
siveness on
party
expected
to
occur
and units
have been
territories were
every
street
contact
with
one
another;
an
 
individualism was ex-
depriva-
tion
cannot be
Insull,
the
banking
collapse
of
1933
had
begun
to
wear
off;
but
central bureau
that the
older sentiments
government
alization
of
American
society
paralleled
certain
salient
revolutionary
pattern.
This
pattern
included
practices
as
of
quiescence
attempted
atti-
was
seriously
Congress
of
1928,
offering
a
unprecedentedly
conciliatory
and
co-operative
strategy
and
tactic
which
was
codified
at
to the skill
world
revolu-
to
bring
employed
and
the
destinies
of
the
proletariat
itself.
the
organization
of
several
Communist
parties,
which
subsequently
struggled
with
one
another
for
the
leadership
of
the
movement
in
America.
r^
ON
parades,
the
gathering
selection
and
validly
run
between
instance the issues
B.
place
occurring
in
each
census
tract
place.
of
presiding
judge.
Bureau for individual
at
any
source
consists
primarily
of
was
recorded
on
slips
one
slip
of
the
eviction
according
also made
the
large
IN
This
boo\
ice
in
Pasadena.
Foreign Policy
date
and
their
underlying