World History/Cultures World History/Cultures Chapter 16- The Age of Imperialism Chapter 16- The Age of Imperialism

Section 3- Division of AsiaSection 3- Division of Asia

British & IndiaBritish & India 1500s: British sailed near India 1500s: British sailed near India

to trade in to trade in AsiaAsia.. 1600s: British traders form 1600s: British traders form East East

India Company-India Company- trading posts & trading posts & forts in India. French East India forts in India. French East India Company challenged British for Company challenged British for control of India trade.control of India trade.

1757: 1757: Battle of Plassey-Battle of Plassey- British British & Indian troops defeat French & & Indian troops defeat French & the British expand in India.the British expand in India.

Sepoy RebellionSepoy Rebellion 1857: East India Company controls 1857: East India Company controls

most of India. most of India. SepoysSepoys rebel against rebel against British- didn’t want Christianity & British- didn’t want Christianity & European customs imposed on them.European customs imposed on them.

Outcome of Sepoy Rebellion: Outcome of Sepoy Rebellion: Massacres of Massacres of British & IndiansBritish & Indians. British . British tighten control.tighten control.

1858: East India Company replaced by 1858: East India Company replaced by viceroyviceroy to rule by to rule by parliamentparliament. . TreatiesTreaties secured remaining Indian secured remaining Indian states.states.

India & NationalismIndia & Nationalism British tried toBritish tried to stopstop unrest in India: paved unrest in India: paved

roads, railways, telegraph lines, irrigation roads, railways, telegraph lines, irrigation canals, schools & universities.canals, schools & universities.

Indians Indians discriminateddiscriminated by British- forced to by British- forced to change ways. Example- Indians forced to change ways. Example- Indians forced to raise cotton for British textile mills instead raise cotton for British textile mills instead of wheat.of wheat.

1800s: millions of Indians die- 1800s: millions of Indians die- severe food severe food shortageshortage..

Indians want Indians want self ruleself rule.. 1885: 1885: Indian National CongressIndian National Congress formed by formed by

business & professional leaders. Protests- business & professional leaders. Protests- wanted British to give more power to wanted British to give more power to Indians.Indians.

ChinaChina 1500-1800: 1500-1800: limited tradelimited trade with with

Europeans.Europeans. 1644-1912: China ruled by 1644-1912: China ruled by QingQing

dynastydynasty- weak economically, - weak economically, politically & militarily.politically & militarily.

Unequal TreatiesUnequal Treaties 1800s: British break Chinese 1800s: British break Chinese trade barrierstrade barriers

& profit. Exchanged opium for tea, silk & & profit. Exchanged opium for tea, silk & porcelain. Opium smuggled & came from porcelain. Opium smuggled & came from India & TurkeyIndia & Turkey..

1839: Chinese tried to stop 1839: Chinese tried to stop smugglingsmuggling- war - war broke out.broke out.

1842: 1842: Opium War-Opium War- British defeat Chinese. British defeat Chinese. Treaty of NankingTreaty of Nanking: unequal treaty- forced : unequal treaty- forced

China to yield to China to yield to WesternersWesterners. British . British granted payment for war losses & island of granted payment for war losses & island of HongHong KongKong. British citizens in China granted . British citizens in China granted extraterritorialityextraterritoriality- right to live under own - right to live under own law & courts.law & courts.

Unequal Treaties con’tUnequal Treaties con’t Unequal treaties increase Unequal treaties increase

foreignforeign influenceinfluence & weakened & weakened Qing dynasty.Qing dynasty.

1850-1864: 1850-1864: Taiping RebellionTaiping Rebellion eroded dynasty’s control.eroded dynasty’s control.

1890s: European powers & 1890s: European powers & JapanJapan claim parts of China. US. didn’t.- claim parts of China. US. didn’t.- ““Open Door PolicyOpen Door Policy”- open China ”- open China to trade with other nations. to trade with other nations. Other powers agree to policy in Other powers agree to policy in 1899.1899.

Chinese ResponsesChinese Responses ReformersReformers tried to modernize tried to modernize

China.China. 1800s: “1800s: “self-strengtheningself-strengthening

movementmovement”: western technology, ”: western technology, education, agriculture & extra education, agriculture & extra territory gained.territory gained.

Reform efforts Reform efforts failedfailed.. 1894: War with Japan- China 1894: War with Japan- China

defeateddefeated & lost territory to & lost territory to Japan. Lost trading benefits & Japan. Lost trading benefits & influence on influence on KoreaKorea..

Chinese Responses con’tChinese Responses con’t Reformers supported by Chinese Reformers supported by Chinese

emperor emperor Guan XuGuan Xu-- Hundred Days ofHundred Days of ReformReform- modernize government & - modernize government & new industries.new industries.

Emperor’s mother, Emperor’s mother, Ci XiCi Xi, regains , regains power & stops reforms.power & stops reforms.

1890s: anti-foreign feelings. 1890s: anti-foreign feelings. Secret Secret societiessocieties to remove diplomats, to remove diplomats, missionaries & entrepreneurs. missionaries & entrepreneurs. Righteous & Harmonious Fists- Righteous & Harmonious Fists- Westerners call them “Westerners call them “BoxersBoxers”.”.

1900: Boxers attack foreigners in 1900: Boxers attack foreigners in Beijing. Westerners end uprising. Beijing. Westerners end uprising. Chinese empress Chinese empress reverses policiesreverses policies..

Revolution 1911Revolution 1911 Empress Ci Xi attempts reforms but can’t Empress Ci Xi attempts reforms but can’t

maintainmaintain powerpower. Chinese want a . Chinese want a republicrepublic to to replace Qing dynasty. Achieve this through replace Qing dynasty. Achieve this through revolutionrevolution..

1905: Revolutionary, 1905: Revolutionary, Sun-Yat SenSun-Yat Sen & others & others form form United LeagueUnited League. Later known as . Later known as Guomindang or nationalist party. Goal to Guomindang or nationalist party. Goal to modernizemodernize China based on 3 Principles of China based on 3 Principles of the People: the People: nationalismnationalism (freedom from (freedom from foreign control); foreign control); democracydemocracy (representative (representative government); government); livelihood livelihood (economic well-(economic well-being).being).

1908: Empress Ci Xi died & two year old 1908: Empress Ci Xi died & two year old son, son, Pu YiPu Yi emperor. emperor.

1911: Revolution.1911: Revolution. 1912: Sun-Yat Sen 1912: Sun-Yat Sen first presidentfirst president of Chinese of Chinese

republic.republic.

JapanJapan 1500s: 1500s: European tradersEuropean traders in in

Japan.Japan. 1600s: Japanese stop most of 1600s: Japanese stop most of

trade with Europeans. trade with Europeans. ShogunShogun, , military commander ruled Japan. military commander ruled Japan. Emperor- figurehead.Emperor- figurehead.

1853: Trade resumes in Japan- 1853: Trade resumes in Japan- Commodore Matthew C. Perry Commodore Matthew C. Perry arrived with arrived with American warshipsAmerican warships..

1854: Shogun signs 1854: Shogun signs treatytreaty with with Perry.Perry.

Meiji LeadersMeiji Leaders Shogun signed Shogun signed unequal treatiesunequal treaties with with

foreign powers and overthrown in foreign powers and overthrown in 1868.1868.

SamuraiSamurai give allegiance to new give allegiance to new Emperor, Mutsuhito but retain power.Emperor, Mutsuhito but retain power.

Mutsuhito - Mutsuhito - enlightened enlightened emperor - emperor - Meiji leader.Meiji leader.

Meiji leaders: strong military, Meiji leaders: strong military, parliamentary government & parliamentary government & universal education (loyal, skilled universal education (loyal, skilled citizens). New ruling class based on citizens). New ruling class based on talent not talent not birthrightbirthright..

IndustrializationIndustrialization 1870s: Strengthen 1870s: Strengthen economyeconomy. .

Revised tax structure, modern Revised tax structure, modern currency, railroads, port currency, railroads, port facilities & communications.facilities & communications.

1880s: Economy 1880s: Economy expandedexpanded quicklyquickly. New technological . New technological methods & cheap labor produced methods & cheap labor produced affordable goods.affordable goods.

World PowerWorld Power 1890s: 1890s: efficientefficient government & government & strongstrong

military. Needed natural resources & military. Needed natural resources & expanded empire.expanded empire.

Korea: Koreans revolt against Korea: Koreans revolt against ChineseChinese in 1894. Japan intervened & in 1894. Japan intervened & defeateddefeated Chinese in Chinese in Sino-Japanese WarSino-Japanese War. Korea . Korea independent but Japan partially independent but Japan partially controlled Korea’s controlled Korea’s tradetrade..

Thousands of Japanese Thousands of Japanese settlesettle in in Korea.Korea.

Russians interested in Korea & Russians interested in Korea & clashedclashed with Japan. with Japan.

World Power con’tWorld Power con’t Russian troops in Port Arthur in Russian troops in Port Arthur in

ManchuriaManchuria.. 1904: Japanese attack Port 1904: Japanese attack Port

Arthur.Arthur. 1905: Japanese victorious in 1905: Japanese victorious in

Russo-Japanese WarRusso-Japanese War. Russia . Russia signed signed treatytreaty granting Japanese granting Japanese control over Korea.control over Korea.

1910: Japanese 1910: Japanese annexedannexed Korea Korea as a colony. Japan continued to as a colony. Japan continued to expand own empire for expand own empire for 35 years35 years..

Southeast Asia- 2 regionsSoutheast Asia- 2 regions Island Southeast Asia: East Island Southeast Asia: East

Indies & Philippines. Mainland Indies & Philippines. Mainland Southeast Asia: Indochina & Southeast Asia: Indochina & Malay Peninsulas. Malay Peninsulas.

1500-1900s: 1500-1900s: ImperialistsImperialists- - Portugal, Spain, The Portugal, Spain, The Netherlands, Great Britain, Netherlands, Great Britain, France & United States.France & United States.

Islands of Southeast AsiaIslands of Southeast Asia 1800s: 1800s: DutchDutch controlled East Indies & controlled East Indies &

Spain controlled Philippines.Spain controlled Philippines. Dutch East Indies (Indonesia)- natural Dutch East Indies (Indonesia)- natural

resources. Dutch enforced resources. Dutch enforced culture culture systemsystem for raw materials. Dutch for raw materials. Dutch discouraged discouraged westernization.westernization.

1825: Prince Diponegoro from East 1825: Prince Diponegoro from East Indian Island of Indian Island of JavaJava revolts against revolts against Dutch. Ended in Dutch. Ended in failurefailure & Dutch & Dutch maintained control.maintained control.

Islands of Southeast Asia con’tIslands of Southeast Asia con’t 1900s: Dutch rule 1900s: Dutch rule extendedextended to to

northern Sumatra & the Celebes.northern Sumatra & the Celebes. PhilippinesPhilippines: Spanish ruled & Filipinos : Spanish ruled & Filipinos

worked on plantations for low wages. worked on plantations for low wages. Filipinos revolt in 1896.Filipinos revolt in 1896.

1898: U.S. 1898: U.S. declared wardeclared war on Spain & on Spain & promised to free Philippines. U.S. promised to free Philippines. U.S. wins wins Spanish-American warSpanish-American war, broke , broke promise & colonize Philippines. promise & colonize Philippines. Filipinos led by Emilio Aguinaldo Filipinos led by Emilio Aguinaldo rebelrebel against Americans but defeated by against Americans but defeated by U.S.U.S.

Mainland Southeast AsiaMainland Southeast Asia 1800s: Burma (Myanmar), Malaya, Vietnam, 1800s: Burma (Myanmar), Malaya, Vietnam,

Siam (Thailand), Cambodia & Laos. Great Siam (Thailand), Cambodia & Laos. Great Britain & France struggled for Britain & France struggled for dominationdomination of of this area.this area.

1820-1880s: British took 1820-1880s: British took controlcontrol of Burma & of Burma & Malaya. Malaya. FranceFrance conquered Indochina conquered Indochina (Vietnam, Cambodia & Laos).(Vietnam, Cambodia & Laos).

1893: Siam stays 1893: Siam stays independentindependent as Great as Great Britain & France avoided conflict and Britain & France avoided conflict and defined defined spheres of influencespheres of influence..

European imperialistsEuropean imperialists disrupted Southeast disrupted Southeast Asia: western influences on traditions & Asia: western influences on traditions & customs; forcing local farmers/workers to customs; forcing local farmers/workers to grow cash crops, mine coal & cut teak trees.grow cash crops, mine coal & cut teak trees.