Chapter 28:

Transformations

Around the Globe

1800-1914

Section 1:

China Resists Outside Influence

Objective:

Discuss How Militarism & Political Alliances Brought

the World to War

Do Now

Why might you look for or resist foreign influence?

How might foreign products affect the quality of life in

China both positively and negatively?

What demands might foreigners make on countries they

trade with?

China and the West

Did not need outside world

Very proud

1700s, China had a strong farming economy

Rice and peanuts

Silk, cotton ceramics

Salt, tin, silver, and Iron

China and the West China limited trade with Britain

Favorable balance of trade

Britain looking for something China wanted/needed

Opium

1800s, British smuggled Opium to China

Heroin, Morphine

1835, 12 million+ people became

addicted

PRIMARY SOURCE

By what right do they [British merchants] . . . use the

poisonous drug to injure the Chinese people? . . . I have

heard that the smoking of opium is very strictly

forbidden by your country; that is because the harm

caused by opium is clearly understood. Since it is not

permitted to do harm to your own country, then even

less should you let it be passed on to the harm of other

countries.

LIN ZEXU, quoted in China’s Response to the West

War Breaks Out

Opium War -War between Britain and China over the

opium trade

British took over Hong Kong

Treaty

1842, Treaty of Nanjing to end war

1844, US and other countries gained extraterritorial

rights - Rights of foreign residents to follow the laws of

their own government rather than those of the host

country

Chinese resentment grew

Do Now

Why did Britain want to trade with China?

What did Britain do to force China to trade with them?

Growing Internal Problems

Population grew too fast

If it rained too little/too much, millions starved

Government was too weak

Corrupt

Taiping Rebellion- Rebellion against the Qing Dynasty

Took 14 years

20 million died

A lot of destruction

Foreign Influence Grows

Late 1800s, Empress Cixi had some reforms

Other countries took advantage of China’s weakness

sphere of influence -Area in which a foreign nation

controls trade and investment

United States gets Involved

US wanted Open Door Policy - Policy proposed by the

United States giving all nations equal opportunities to

trade in China

Europeans agreed

China dominated by foreign

powers

A Lost Opportunity

1898, Cixi’s nephew pushed for stronger government

Conservatives did not like this

Cixi arrested him

Society of Harmonious Fists

Peasants formed SHF, also known as Boxers

Wanted to get rid of Western influence

Boxer Rebellion

1900, Rebellion aimed at ending foreign influence in

China

Nationalism increases

Rebellion squashed by multi-national army

Reform

Cixi allowed major reforms

1917, China becomes constitutional monarchy

Quiz 28.1

1. Policy proposed by the United

States giving all nations equal

opportunities to trade in China

2. Rights of foreign residents to

follow the laws of their own

government rather than those of

the host country

3. Rebellion aimed at ending foreign

influence in China

4. Rebellion against the Qing Dynasty

5. War between Britain and China

over the opium trade

6. Area in which a foreign nation

controls trade and investment

•Opium War

•Extraterritorial rights

•Taiping Rebellion

•Sphere of influence

•Open Door Policy

•Boxer Rebellion

Chapter 28:

Transformations

Around the Globe

1800-1914

Section 2:

Modernization in Japan

Objective:

• Explain why Japan ended its isolation

• Trace the growth of Japanese imperialism

Japan Ends Isolation

1600-1800’s – Japan was mostly isolated

Refused to trade

1853, American war ships entered Japanese waters

1854, Treaty of Kanagawa -Treaty between the United

States and Japan opening trade between the two

nations

Japan opened up to Europe shortly thereafter

Many did not agree with these negotiations

Emperor Mutsuhito overthrew the shogun (military

dictator)

Meiji era- Period of rule by Emperor Mutsuhito from 1867

to 1912

Emperor modernized Japan

Based on what officials saw in Europe and US

Government and Army modeled after Germany

Navy modeled by Britain

Education modeled by US

Changes in Economy

Mined for Coal

Railroads

Factories

Imperial Japan

1890, Japan strongest military in Asia

Forced Europeans to give up special rights in Japan

Japan went to war with China

Drove China out of Korea

Gained Taiwan + other islands

Japan Vs. Russia

Russo–Japanese War- War between Russia and Japan

fought in 1904

For control of China’s Manchurian territory

Japan surprised the world

Japan Vs. Korea

Japan attacked Korea

Became protectorate

1910, Japan annexed (added) Korea

Harsh Japanese Rule

Shut down Korean Newspapers

Taught only Japanese history and language

Took land from Korean farmers and gave to Japanese

Built Japanese only factories

No new Korean businesses

Quiz 28.2

Chapter 28:

Transformations

Around the Globe

1800-1914

Section 3:

U.S. Economic Imperialism

Objective:

Discuss U.S. Economic Imperialism in Latin America

Problems in independent Latin America

Most worked on farms, poor

Political problems

Caudillo – military dictator

Poor people had no power

Only property owners vote

Reformers quickly removed from

office

Economies Grow Under Foreign

Influence

Britain and US became main trading partners

Businesses soon controlled countries

Latin American Economies

Depended on Export

No manufacturing

Must import goods

Cost more than

they made from

exports

Latin American Empire

1823, US President

James Monroe issued

Monroe Doctrine – US

statement of

opposition to

European influence in

the Americas

Cuba 1890s, Cuba fought for independence against Spain

Jose Marti- Cuban Writer who fought for Cuban

Independence

Cubans were placed in concentration camps

US had economic interests in Cuba

Spanish American War

1898, War fought between the US and Spain

Americans supported Cuban independence

Spanish American

War

US won the war

Gained new territories

Placed military

government in Cuba

Cubans not happy

International Police

1904, President Roosevelt says US is international Police

Power

Roosevelt Corollary

Panama Controlled by Colombia

US offered Colombia $10 million

to build Panama Canal

Panama Canal Colombia wanted more money

US helped Panamanians rebel

US built Panama Canal in 1914

International Police

1904, President Roosevelt says US is international Police

Power

Roosevelt Corollary

Chapter 28:

Transformations

Around the Globe

1800-1914

Section 4:

Turmoil and Change in Mexico

Objective:

Understand the Effects of War and Reform in Mexico

Santa Anna and the Mexican War

Antonio Lo pez de Santa Anna

Fought for Mexican independence from Spain

Served as president 4 times

1830s, Texas won independence from Mexico

1840s, United States annexed Texas

Angered Mexicans

Border dispute arose

Santa Anna lost

Mexico surrendered a LOT of land

Juarez Benito Juarez – leader of La Reforma

La Reforma - Movement in Mexico aimed at achieving land

reform, better education, and other goals

Break the power of the large landowners

1858, Juarez won control

1862, Conservatives and Napoleon III from France

captured Mexico in 18 months

Juarez and his followers took 5 years to finally remove

French from Mexico

Porfirio Di az

1872, Juarez died

Porfirio Di az Dictator who came to power after Juarez

In power for 30+ years

“Order and Progress”

Porfirio Diaz restored order but limited political

freedom

Francisco Madero- Enemy of Diaz who believed in

democracy

Calls for Reform

“Pancho” Villa -Popular leader of the Mexican

revolution

Emiliano Zapata Leader of a powerful revolutionary

army

Revolution and Civil War

1910, Mexican Revolution – Started when Francisco

Madero challenged Porfirio Diaz politically

Pancho Villa and Emiliano Zapata raised armies

Forced Diaz to step down

Mexican revolution officially ended in 1920, but fighting

continued

1929, Institutional Revolutionary Party brings peace and

stability

Test!